/fi6«, /fli6«otf uDeL/ ;+s6df, dlGqkl/ifb lj36g u/L /fhfaf6 pko'Qm rflng' kg]{ dfu
ef/tsf] v]n M dfcf]jfbL / ;ftbnsf] d]n
sf7df8f} . o; cl3g} dfcf]jfbL;Fu afx| a'Fb] ;dembf/L sfod u/]/ /fhf;Fu k}7] hf]/L vf]hL/x]sf ;ftbn / dfcf]jfbLaLr km]l/ ef/tsf] gofF lbNnLd} csf]{ gofF ;dembf/L sfod ePsf] 5 . ;ftbn / dfcf]jfbLaLr ;DkGg bf];|f] ;dembf/L kl5 ca b]zsf] /fhgLlt stf df]l8g] xf] < of] k|Zg clxn] ;j{q pl7/x]sf] 5 .
/fhfaf6 bnx?nfO{ jftf{sf nflu cfJxfg x'Fbf klg ;ftbn /fhf;Fu jftf{df ghfg', pN6} cft+ssf/L ultljlw ul//x]sf dfcf]jfbL;Fu lbNnLdf bf];|f] ;Demf}tf u/]/ gofF lbNnLsf] lgb]{zfg';f/ sfo{ x'g'nfO{ :jfledfgL g]kfnLn] cgf}7f] dflg/x]sf 5g\ .
;ft bn / dfcf]jfbLaLr ;+o'Qm x:tfIf/ u/]/ lj1lKt Nofpg] pgLx?sf] k|of; / pgLx?nfO{ pQm sfo{ u/fpg s;/y gofF lbNnL km]n eP klg cnu cnu lj1lKt lgsfn]/} eP klg aflx/ Ps b]vfOg' lgs} cy{k"0f{ 5 . /fhgLlts ljZn]ifsx?n] of] ;a} ef/tn] h] h] eG5 ToxL ToxL ePsf] / ef/tsf] lgb]{zgdf ;ft bn–dfcf]jfbL u7aGwg ePsf] bfjL u5{g .
otf ljb|f]xL dfcf]jfbLn] ;ft /fhgLlts bnl;t u/]sf] bf];|f] ;dembf/L ;fj{hlgs ePs} lbg gfsfaGbL / aGbsf sfo{qmd lkmtf{ lnPsf] 5 . b]zJofkL cfdx8\tfn, c;xof]u cfGbf]ng / hgk|bz{gsf] sfo{qmdsf] tof/LnfO{ Wofg lbFb} ;ft /fhgLlts bn, gful/s ;dfhsf] cfu|xdf aGb / x8tfnsf ;a} sfo{qmd lkmtf{ lnOPsf] hfgsf/L dfcf]jfbLn] lbPsf] 5 .
;f]daf/b]lv nfu" x'g]u/L ;+3if{sf sfo{qmd lkm{tf lnOPsf] dfcf]jfbLåf/f hf/L k|]; lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 . cfOtaf/ laxfg g]kfnL sfFu|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] lgjf;df a;]sf] ;ftbnsf] a}7sn] dfcf]jfbLsf] gfsfaGbL, rSsfhfd / x8tfnn] k|j]lzsf k/LIffsf ljBfyL{nfO{ cK7\of/f] kfg]{ / zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngdf c;/ kg]{ atfpFb} lkmtf{ lng cfJxfg u/]sf] lyof] .
! r}tb]lv dfcf]jfbLsf] cfJxfgdf ;'? ePsf] gfsfaGbLn] hghLjg c:tJo:t ePsf] ePsf] lyof] . ;x/L If]qdf vfBfGg / t/sf/L tyf kmnk'mnsf] d'No csfl;Psf] lyof] .
oxL cj:yfdf ;ftbn / dfcf]jfbL g]tfaLr lbNnLdf ePsf] ;xdlt cg'?k dfcf]jfbL ;a} ;+3if{sf sfo{qmd lkmtf{ lng ;xdt ePsf] xf] . bf];|f] ;dembf/L hf/L ub}{ ;ft /fhgLlts bn / dfcf]jfbL afx|a'Fb] ;dembf/L kfngf ub}{ cufl8 a9\g ;xdt ePsf 5g\ .
bn / dfcf]jfbLaLrsf] bf];|f] ;dembf/L ;fj{hlgs ub}{ ;ftbnn] eg]sf 5g afx|a'Fb] ;dembf/LnfO{ cem 7f]; / :ki6 agfpFb} cufl8 a9\g] lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfosf] ;dy{gn] ;d]t ;f] ;dembf/L g} d'n'sdf hf/L 4Gb ;dfwfgsf] cfwf/zLnf ePsf] lgisif{ ;ftbnn] lgsfn]sf 5g\ .
a}7skl5 g]kfn sDo"lgi6 kf6L{ Pdfn]sf sfo{jfxs dxf;lrj cd[t af]x/fn] ;ftbnn] afx|a'Fb] ;dembf/Lk|lt yk k|lta4tf hgfPsf] pNn]v ug'{eof] . g]kfnL sfFu|];sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ch'{gg/l;+x s];Ln] dfcf]jfbLs} ;xdltdf bf];|f] ;dembf/L cnucnu hf/L ul/Psf] atfpg'eof] .
g]kfnL sfFu|];sf ;efklt sf]O/fnfsf] ;efkltTjdf cfOtaf/ a;]sf] a}7skl5 hf/L lj1lKtdf Pdfn] sfo{jfxs dxf;lrj af]x/f, k|hftflGqs sfFu|]; ;efklt z]/axfb'/ b]pjf, hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf pkfWoIf nLnfdl0f kf]v/]n, g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{sf cWoIf gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5], g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ -cfgGbLb]jL_ sf dxf;lrj /fh]Gb| dxtf] / ;+o'Qm jfddf]rf{sf cWoIf gGbs'df/ k|;fOn] x:tfIf/ ug'{ePsf] 5 .
@$ b]lv @& r}t;Ddsf] cfdx8tfn / c;xof]usf zflGtk"0f{ sfo{qmddf ;xof]u ug{ ;ftbnn] dfcf]jfbLl;t cg'/f]w u/]sf 5g eg] dfcf]jfbLn] klg ;xof]u / ;dy{g lbPsf] 5 . @$ b]lv @& r}t;Ddsf] b]zJofkL cfdx8\tfn, c;xof]u cfGbf]ng tyf sf7df8f} s]lGb|t j[xt hgk|bz{gnfO{ k"0f{?kn] ;xof]u / ;dy{g ug]{ 3f]if0ff dfcf]jfbLn] u/]sf] 5 .
Bnsf tL ;+3if{sf sfo{qmddf ;lqmo?kn] ;xefuL eO{ ;xof]u ug{ b]zeQm tyf nf]stflGqs /fhgLlts zlQmx?, hgjuL{o ;+u7gx?, hftLo tyf If]qLo df]rf{x?, k]zfut ;+u7gx?, ;~rf/sdL{x?, gful/s ;dfh / cfdhg;d'bfodf dfcf]jfbLn] cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 . ;ftbnn] klg ;Dk"0f{ If]qnfO{ cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL eO{ ;kmn agfpg cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ .
ljBdfg 4Gb ;dfwfgsf nflu ;ftbn ;+;bsf] k'g:yf{kgf, ;j{bnLo ;/sf/, dfcf]jfbL;Fu jftf{ / ;xdltsf cfwf/df ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg rfxG5g eg] dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg] k"j{ c8fgdf 5g\ . of] dt leGgtfnfO{ k|lqmofut sfo{;"rL 7fGb} ;ftbnn] dfcf]jfbL;t ;+jfb rnfO{ b'j} kIfaLr ;femf ;xdlt vf]Hg] ;dembf/L ePsf] 5 .
o;}aLr ;ft /fhgLlts bn / ljb|f]xL dfcf]jfbLaLr ;DkGg ePsf] bf];|f] ;dembf/LnfO{ ;/sf/n] lgofln/x]sf] k|ltlqmof ;/sf/sf k|jQmf >Lz;Dz]/ /f0ffn] lbg'ePsf] 5 .
/fHonfO{ c;/ kg{ ;Sg] x/]s 36gfnfO{ ;/sf/n] lgofn]/ x]5{ / o; 36gfdf klg ;/sf/ ;ts{tfsf ;fy x]l//x]sf] 5 ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ /fHodGqL Pj+ ;/sf/sf k|jQmf /f0ffn] cfOtaf/ /flt eGg'eof] .
pxfFn] ;+ljwfg / sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;Ldfleq ;a} a:g'kg]{ wf/0ff /fVg' x'Fb} ;Ldf pNn+3g ePdf sfg"gn] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ul/g] r]tfjgL klg lbg'eof] .
o;}aLr xfdLnfO{ k|fKt kl5Nnf] ;dfrf/ cg';f/ dfcf]jfbL / ;ftbnaLrsf] bf];|f] lbNnL ;dembf/Ldf ePsf s]xL dxTjk"0f{ s'/fx? kf7sx?sf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu o; k|sf/ 5g\ M
gofF ;Demf}tfdf s] 5 <
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a'Fbf g+ @ k|ltlglw;ef k'g:yf{kgfkl5 …;xdltsf cfwf/df ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgÚ df hfg] .
a'Fbf g+ # …;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf qmddf dfcf]jfbL ;]gf / zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 of e/kbf{] cGt/f{li6«o ;'kl/j]If0fdf /fVg]Ú
clxn]
a'Fbf g+ @ …lg;t{ ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg]Ú
a'Fbf g+ # …;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 of p;n] tf]s]sf] /fi6«sf] lhDdfdf /fVg]Ú
/fhfnfO{ jftf{sf lglDt ;t{ -gofF a'Fbf_
df3 !( sf] sbd lkmtf{ ug{'kg{]
;ft bn–dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;+o'Qm ?kdf jftf{ cfx\jfg
kmfu'g !, @)%@ otf nufOPsf ;Dk"0f{ d'2f lkmtf{
/]8sg{/ gf]l6; lkmtf{ lng'kg{]
;ft bnn] cfkm" ;/sf/df /xFbf nufPsf ;Dk"0f{ d'2f / /]8sg{/ gf]l6; lkmtf{
dfcf]jfbLn] sAhfdf /x]sf] ;DklQ lkmtf{ ug{'kg{] .
o; nuQ} /fHoåf/f cft+ssf/L 3f]lift dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08 / csf{ g]tf 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{n] csf]{ cfklQhgs k|]; lj1lKt lgsfNb} eg]sf 5g–
…!= b]zdf nf]stGq, zflGt / cu|udgsf] lglDt g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ / ;ft /fhgLlts bnx¿jLr ut d+;L/ & ut] ;DkGg P]ltxfl;s !@–j'Fb] ;dembf/Lk|lt b[9 k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{} To;nfO{ cem 7f]; / ljsl;t ub}{ n}hfg tyf ;fdGtL /fhtGq lj/f]wL ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngnfO{ tLj|tf lbg oxL r}q ^ ut] hf/L bf]>f] ;dembf/Lsf] ljlzi7 /fhgLlts dxTj /x]sf] ;j{ljlbt} 5 . oL b'j} ;dembf/Laf6 cl3 j9\b} b]zdf lg/+s'z /fhtGqlj/f]wL ;femf gf/f, ;femf df]rf{ / ;femf sfo{qmd to u/]/ b]zJofkL nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] cfFwLj]x/L l;h{gf ug{ / lgMzt{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg dfkm{t\ nf]stflGqs u0ftGqnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ sfo{ef/ k"/f ug{{ xfdL ;j} nf]stflGqs /fhgLlts zlQmx¿nfO{ k'gM hf]8bf/ cfu|x ub{5f}+ .
@= xfn b]zdf rln/x]sf] lg/+s'z zfxL ;Qf lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf ;j} wf/x¿nfO{ PsLs[t / s]Gb|Ls[t u/]/ zfxL ;Qfdfly lg0ff{os k|xf/ ug{' cfhsf] P]ltxfl;s cfjZostf xf] . ToxL cfjZostfnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ / ;ft /fhgLlts bnx¿jLr ;dembf/L / ;xdlt eP jdf]lhd ;ft bnåf/f 3f]lift oxL r}q @$ b]lv @& ut] ;Ddsf] b]zJofkL cfd x8\tfn, c;xof]u cfGbf]ng / tyf sf7df8f}+s]lGb|t j[xb\ hgk|bz{gx¿nfO{ xfdL k"0f{ ?kn] ;xof]u / ;dy{g ug]{ 3f]if0ff ub{5f}+ . @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngdf /fhtGqlj/f]wL hgljb|f]xsf] pTsif{sf] lbg r}q @$ ut] / jx'bnLo Joj:yf 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] r}q @^ ut]sf P]ltxfl;s lbgx¿nfO{ ;+of]hg u/]/ /flvPsf] of] ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] sfo{qmdsf] ljlzi7 P]ltxfl;s dxTj /x]sf] :jtM :ki6 5 . To;}n] oL ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx¿df ;lqmo ?kn] ;xefuL jg]/ / x/t/xn] ;fy lbP/ ;xof]u ug{ xfdL ;Dk"0f{ b]zeQm tyf nf]stflGqs /fhgLlts zlQmx¿, hgjuL{o ;+u7gx¿, hftLo tyf If]qLo df]rf{x¿, k]zfut ;+u7gx¿, ;+rf/sdL{x¿, gful/s ;dfh / cfd hg;d'bfodf xflb{s ckLn ub{5f}+ .
#= pk/f]Qm b]zJofkL cfd x8\tfn, c;xof]u cfGbf]ng / hgk|bz{gsf] sfo{qmdsf] tof/LnfO{ Wofg lb+b} tyf ;ft /fhgLlts bnx¿, gful/s ;dfh, ljljw k]zfut ;+u7gx¿ / cfd hg;d'bfosf] cfu|xsf] ;d]t pRr sb/ ub}{ xfd|f] tkm{af6 r}q ! ut] b]lv hf/L gfsfjGbL / rSsfhfdsf] sfo{qmd oxL r}q & ut]b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L lkmtf{ lnPsf] tyf xfd|f] tkm{af6 3f]lift cGo ;j} ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx¿ klg lkmtf{ lng] lg0f{o ePsf] ;fj{hlgs hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ . eljiodf cfjZostf cg';f/ xfd|f] tkm{jf6 yk ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx¿ 3f]if0ff x'g ;Sg] hfgsf/L u/fpFb} clxn];Ddsf] gfsfjGbL / rSsfhfd sfo{qmd k"0f{ ?kn] ;kmn kf/]/ zfxL ;Qfdfly rf]l6nf] k|xf/ ug{ of]ubfg ug{'x'g] ;j}nfO{ xfdL xflb{s wGojfb tyf s[t1tf 1fkg ub{5f}+ .Ú
oL ;a} s'/fx? x]bf{ /fi6« / /fli6«otf sdhf]/ aGb} uO{/x]sf], ;ft bn cft+ssf/L ultljlw ul//x]sf dfcf]jfbLsf dltof/ ag]sf], ;ft bn / dfcf]jfbL b'j} ef/taf6 ;~rflnt /x]sf] :ki6 b]lvPsf] 5 . ;Dk"0f{ v]n ef/tsf] ePsf] / ;ftbn / dfcf]jfbL s]jn dx/f dfq /x]sf] s'/f a'em\g ca s;}nfO{ klg cK7\of/f] /x]g .
oL / o:tf 3[l0ft v]nn] /fhfnfO{ cK7\of/f]df kfg]{ cg]sf} k|k~r e}/x]sf] ePklg ;/sf/df a:g] gfnfos dGqLx?, /fhf lgs6 pRr kb:y b[Zo Pj+ cb[Zox?sf] sdhf]/ k|:t'lt /fi6« / hgtfsf nflu lrGtfsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . ca /fhfn] oL uBf/x?sf] ;Nnfxdf xf]Og cfkm\g} ljj]sn] sfo{ ug'{ kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] / unt dfG5]nfO{ af]Sg], k|>o lbg] sfd cGTo x'g' kg]{ /fhgLlts ljZn]ifsx?sf] 7DofO{ 5 .
/fhfn] ca o:tf uBf/, gfnfos, /fhf / hgtfsf] ;lbR5f ga'em\g] dGqLx?s} e/df zf;g nDAofpF5' eGg] ;f]+Rg' Joy{ x'g] ePsf]n] hgtfsf] dgf]efj a'em]/ /fhfaf6 t'?Gt of] gfnfos dlGqkl/ifb lju7g ul/aS;g' kg]{, jftf{ / ;xdltdf km]l/ klg hf]8 lbOaS;g' kg]{, of]Uo, OdfGbf/, sfljn JolQmsf] 5gf}6 x'g'kg]{, /fi6« / hgtfsf] ;jf]{k/L lxtsf nflu cfjZos sbd rflnaS;g' kg]{ cfjfh pl7/x]sf] 5 . hgtf cem} klg /fhfsf] kIfdf 5g\ . hgtfn] /fhfaf6} rflng] sbdsf] k|ltIff ul//x]sf 5g\ .
;dfrf/ cem ulxl/P/ cWoog ubf{ cGttM ;ft /fhgLlts bn / dfcf]jfbLaLr Pp6} jQmJodf ;+o'Qm x:tfIf/ cfPg . b'j}kIfaf6 cnu cnu jQmJo cfP . ;ft /fhgLlts bnsf] tkm{af6 cfPs]f jQmJodf ;ft /fhgLlts bnsf zLif{:y g]tfx?n] ;xL u/]sf 5g eg] dfcf]jfbLtkm{af6 k|r08n] x:tfIf/ u/]sf 5g\ . o;cl3 Pp6} jQmJodf ;ft /fhgLlts bn / dfcf]jfbLaLr ;+o'Qm jQmJo hf/L ug{sf] nflu v'a} k|of; ul/Psf] lyof] . ;ft /fhgLlts bnåf/f bf];|f] ;dembf/L elgPsf] 5 . t/ jQmJodf 7f]; ?kdf gofF s'f/x? s]xL 5}gg\ . cfGbf]ng/t nf]stflGqs zlQmx?sf] /fli6«o /fhgLlts ;Dd]ng ug]{ / To;sf] lg0f{on] cGtl/d ;/sf/ agfO{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg u/]/ pNn]lvt nIo xfl;n ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] wf/0ff / k|lta4tf /x]sf] 5 . of] k|lqmofut sfo{;"rLsf] ljifodf cfGbf]ng/t ;ft /fhgLlts bn / g]skf dfcf]jfbLaLr ;Djfb rnfpFb} hfg / ;femf ;xdltsf] vf]hL ug]{ ;dembf/L ag]sf] 5 jQmJodf elgPsf] 5 .
jQmJosf] lzif{sdf ;ft /fhgLlts bn / dfcf]jfbLaLr bf];|f] ;dembf/L elgP klg jQmJodf ;ft /fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tfx?n] dfq ;xL ug'{n] ;ft /fhgLlts bn dfcf]jfbL;Fu ;dembf/Lsf] ljifodf k|i6 x'g g;s]sf] b]lvG5 . jQmJodf ;+o'Qm x:tfIf/ gx'g'nfO{ /fhgLlts ljGb'df lgs} dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 . o;cl3 dxf/fhu~h l:yt sf]O/fnf lgjf;df ;ft kf6L{sf g]tfx?sf] a}7s a;]sf] lyof] . ;f]xL a}7sn] dfcf]jfbL;Fu ePsf] ;dembf/LnfO{ cg'df]bg u/]sf] lyof] .
;ft /fhgLlts bnx?n] csf]{ Pp6f 5'§} k|]; lj1lKt klg hf/L u/]sf 5g\ . ;f] k|]; lj1lKtdf cfufdL r}t @$, @%, @^ / @& ut] b]zJofkL ?kdf cfd x8\fn tyf c;xof]usf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ sfo{qmd /flvPsf] 5 . To;}u/L cfufdL r}t @^ ut] sf7df8f}df ljzfn zflGtk"0f{ k|bz{g ug]{ sfo{qmd to ul/Psf] 5 . o;}aLr xfn} l/kf]6{;{ Sna g]kfnn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] Ps sfo{qmddf ;ft /fhgLlts 36s dWo]sf b'O{ 36s jfddf]rf{ g]kfn, ;b\efjgf kf6L{ cfgGbLb]jLsf k|ltlglwx?n] lbNnL jftf{ af/] cfk'mx? k'/} cglj1 ePsf] atfpFb} lta| c;Gt'li6 kf]v]sf lyP . pgLx?n] gfd ;ft kf6L{sf] t/ sfd tLg kf6L{sf] dfq egL cfkm\gf] cfqmf]z kf]v]sf lyP . jfddf]rf{sf] tkm{af6 Pg=s]= k|;fO / g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ cfgGbLb]jLsf] tkm{af6 /fh]Gb| dxtf]n] ;f] cfqmf]; kf]Vg' ePsf] lyof] .
o;cl3 g} g]dlskfsf cWoIf gf/fo0f dfg ljh'S5] /f]lxtn] c;Gt'i6L hgfO;Sg' ePsf] 5 . pxfFn] af/Daf/ lbNnLdf x'g] jftf{k|lt cfnf]rgf ub}{ cfpg'ePsf] 5 . ;ft /fhgLlts bnsf] a}7sdf klg lbNnL jftf{sf] ljifodf s'g} k|;+u g/fVg c8fg /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL cg';f/ ;ft kf6L{sf] ;+o'Qm jQmJo lbNnL jftf{af/] s]xL s'/f pNn]v ePg .
…xltof/wf/L;Fu ;ftbnsf] ;dembf/L lbuf] gx'g]Ú
sf7df8f} . /fli6«o hgzlQm kf6L{sf ;xcWoIf Pj+ k"j{ dGqL 8f= k|sfzrGb| nf]xgLn] zflGtsf nflu x'g] ;dembf/Lsf] :jfut ug'{kg]{ ePklg xltof/ af]s]sf] zlQm;Fu ePsf] ;dembf/L lbuf] gx'g] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] d'n'sdf PlSng] / PSNofpg] b'j} lsl;dsf v]nx? ePsf] atfpFb} jt{dfg ;+ljwfgdf 6]s]/g} ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] af6f] vf]Hg'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] . ;a} kIfsf cf cfkm\g} /f]8Dofk ePsf] atfpFb} pxfFn] ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] xfn} hgtfdf ;jf]{Rrtfsf] km};nf u/] cg'?ksf] /f]8Dofkaf6 ;a} zlQm cufl8 a9\g'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] eGg'eof] ;+jfb / ;xdltaf6g} d'n'sn] /fhgLlts lgsf; kfpF5 . ;+j}wflgs zlQm PSNofpg] /0fgLlt c;kmn x'g] atfpFb} pxfFn] ;+jfbsf] cfwf/ hgtfsf] ;jf]{Rrtf g} ePsf] atfpg'eof] . g]tf nf]xgLn] dfcf]jfbL;Fu ;+jfb ug]{ bnx?n] /fhf;Fu ;+jfbsf nflu kl5 x6\g gx'g] ts{ /fVg'eof] . dfcf]jfbLaf6 xTof lx+;f hf/L /x]sf] atfpFb} pxfFn] xTof lx+;f gTofu];Dd dfcf]jfbLsf] ljZjf; ug{ g;lsg] atfpg'eof] .
l/kf]6{;{ Sna g]kfnåf/f lxhf] /fhwfgLdf cfof]lht ;f] sfo{qmddf af]Nb} csf{ jQmf g]skf Pdfn] :yfoL sld6L ;b:o s]kL zdf{ cf]nLn] !@ a'Fb] ;dembf/Lk|ltsf] z+sf pkz+sf x6]sf] atfpFb} dfcf]jfbLaf6 bnx?sf] cfGbf]ngdf ;xof]u k'Ug] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] dfcf]jfbLn] lx+;f xTofdf lgoGq0f u/] dfq klg bnx?sf] cfGbf]ngdf ;xof]u k'Ug] x'Fbf dfcf]jfbLn] lx+;f xTofnfO{ lgoGq0f ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] . g]kfnL sfFu|]; / g]skf Pdfn]n] ljutdf xltof/ p7fP/ zflGtk"0f{ ;+3if{df cjt/0f u/]sf] k|;+u pNn]v ub}{ pxfFn] eGg'eof] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ klg zflGtk"0f{ ;dembf/L sfof{Gjogdf cu|;/ x'g'kg]{ atfpFb} pxfFn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ o'4lj/fd ug{ cfu|x ug'{eof] . !@ a'Fb] ;dembf/L ljyf]Ng] laufg{ vf]Hg]x? u}/lhDd]jf/ ePsf] atfpFb} pxfFn] eGg'eof] b]zL ljb]zLsf] lgb]{zg / bafadf k/]/ ;dembf/L 6'6\b}g . bf];|f] ;dembf/Ldf gofF s'/f gePklg ;dembf/Lk|ltsf] z+sf d]l6Psf] atfpFb} g]tf cf]nLn] dfcf]jfbLsf] pu|jfbL, ;+sL0f{ ;f]r ;Rofpgsf] nflu bnx?n] sfo{ ul//x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
l/kf]6{;{ Sna g]kfnsf cWoIf Clif wdnfsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ;fIffTsf/ sfo{qmddf af]Nb} g]kfnL sfFu|];sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o rqm jf:tf]nfn] d'n'sdf hf/L lx+;fTds 4Gbsf] ;Daf]wg u/L zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ tkm{ s;}af6 7f]; sfo{qmd gcfO/xFbf ;ft bn / dfcf]jfbLaLr !@ a'Fb] ;dembf/L ePsf] atfpg'eof] . dfcf]jfbLn] zflGtk"0f{ /fhgLlts d'nwf/df cfpg] ;+s]t b]vfO/xFbf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ?kfGt/0f ug{ ;Dej ePsf] atfpFb} pxfFn] eGg'eof] !@ a'Fb] ;dembf/L lgdf{0f dfq ePsf] xf] o;n] lbg] lgsf; lj:tf/} cfpg]5 . dfcf]jfbLnfO{ j]jf:tf u/]/ d'n'sdf lgsf; glg:sg] atfpFb} pxfFn] ;dembf/LnfO{ sfof{Gjogsf] lbzfdf cufl8 a9fpg' r'gf}tL / cj;/ ePsf] atfpg'eof] . ;+ljwfg w/fzfoL eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg s;}n] 8/fpg gx'g] atfpFb} pxfFn] ;+ljwfg;efdfkm{t d'n'sn] zflGt k|fKt u5{ eg] To;tkm{ cufl8 a9\g sf]xL klg r'Sg gx'g]df hf]8 lbg'eof] .
hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf pkfWoIf lnnfdl0f kf]v/]nn] bn dfcf]jfbLaLrsf] ;dembf/L eTsfpg] k|of;x? c;kmn ePsf] atfpFb} ;dembf/Ln] lgsf;sf 9f]sfx? Vff]n]sf] atfpg'eof] . bn dfcf]jfbLsf] nIo Pp6} ePklg Pp6} df]rf{df hfg g;lsPsf] atfpFb} pxfFn] nf]stflGqs zlQm Plss[t ug]{ lbzfdf dxTjk"0f{ pknlAw xfl;n ul/Psf] atfpg'eof] . bn dfcf]jfbL ;dembf/LnfO{ /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o ;dy{g ePsf] atfpFb} pxfFn] eGg'eof] /fhfsf ;a} sf8{x? c;kmn ePsf 5g\ . /fhf;Fu tTsfn ;+jfb x'gg;s] klg ;+jfb} gug]{ kIfdf ;ft bn gePsf] :ki6 kfb}{ pxfFn] jt{dfgsf] k|fyldstf dfcf]jfbL;Fu ;+jfb u/L d'n'sdf :yfoL zflGt axfnL ug'{g} /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] eGg'eof] d'n'sdf zflGt :yfkgf u/L cu|udgsf] af6f] to ug{ bnx?nfO{ ljb]zL ldq/fi6«x?sf] klg g}lts ;dy{g 5 .
dfcf]jfbL k'm6\g] g} eof]
sf7df8f} . @)%@ ;fn kmfug' ! ut] b]lv xTof lx+;fsf] /fhgLlt z'? u/]sf] e"ldut dfcf]jfbLleq r/d ljjfb z'? ePsf] 5 . k|r08 / afa'/fd e§/fO{ aLrsf] ljjfb lbNnL / ;ftbnn] ldnfOlbPsf] eGg] rrf{ aflx/ cfO/x]s} a]nf kf6L{sf b'O{ rlr{t xl:t /ljGb| >]i7 / dl0f yfkfn] dfcf]jfbLleq 7"nf] ljb|f]x u/]sf 5g\ . /fHoåf/f cft+ssf/L 3f]lift dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08 / csf{ g]tf 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{ lj?4 h]xfb 5]8\b} /ljGb| >]i7 / dl0f yfkfn] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ 6'qm\ofpg] z'?jft ub}{ gof+ ;d"xsf] lgdf{0f klg u/]sf 5g\ . of] k|s/0fn] ca dfcf]jfbL b'O{6'qmf x'g] lglZrt b]lvPsf] 5 . b'j} kIfn] b'j} kIfnfO{ xb} ;Ddsf] lgs[i6 cf/f]kx? nufpg kl5 k/]sf 5}gg . o;}aLr /ljGb| >]i7 / dl0f yfkfåf/f k|sflzt lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5 M æ;xof]4f sd/]8x¿ tyf cfb/0fLo hg;d'bfox¿ != xfd|f] uf}/jzfnL kf6L g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g]t[Tjdf dxfg\ hgo'4n] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cw{;fdGtL tyf cw{ cf}klgj]lzs ;+/rgfx¿ Wj:t kfb}{ gof" hgjfbL u0ftflGqs :yfgLo ;Qfx¿sf] lgdf{0f ub}{ ;fDojfbtkm{ nDsg] dxfg\ nIosf] af6f]df ;kmntf;fy kfOnfx¿ rfln/x]sf] 5 . t/, @) cf}+ ztfAbLsf dxfg\ ?;L, lrlgof", leotgfdL, sf]l/ofnL, So'jfnL qmflGtx¿df h:t} g]kfnL qmflGtsf] g]t[Tjsf/L xfd|f] kf6L{ g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ leq klg qmflGt d'v;Dd / k|ltqmflGt 3f"6L;Ddsf] l:ylt ljsf; x'g yfn]sf] 5 . kf6L{leq ju{ pTyfg -ju{ ktg_ eO{ ;j{xf/f juL{o l:yltaf6 bnfn tyf gf]s/zfxL
a'h'{jf ju{ / ;fdGtL o'4 ;/bf/ ju{df kl/jt{g x'g] /f]un] s]jn tnsf ljrlnt s]xL sfo{stf{x¿df dfq xf]Og, kf6L{sf jl/i7 g]tfx¿;d]t u|l;t x'g yfn]sfn] ;a} Gofok|]dL hg;d'bfo / Odfgbf/ qmflGtsf/L sfo{stf{ k+lQmdf lrGtf / cfqmf]z hfUg' :jfefljs g} 5 . hg;d'bfo kf6L{ lalu|g yfn]sf]df lrlGtt 5g\ .
@= hg;d'bfo / qmflGtsf/L sfo{stf{x¿sf] ljzfn ax'dtsf] ljrf/ / efjgfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{ tyf @) cf}+ ztfAbLsf uDeL/ k|ltqmflGtsf cg'ejsf] ;Zn]if0f ub}{ xfdL s]xL o'jf kLjLPd ;b:ox¿n] s= k|r08 / s=afa'/fdsf aLr ljjfb ;'? ePsf] d};'/ kLjL a}7sb]lv g} s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sAhf ug{sf nflu tyf kf6L{leqsf u}/;j{xf/f ljrngx¿sf lj?4 ;+3if{ u/]/ k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sb} cl3 a9\g gof" ;j{xf/f ;f:+s[lts qmflGtsf] ;'?jft ug'{k5{ eGg] k|:tfj /fv]sf lyof}+ ;fy} dfcf] / ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] klg gof" d"Nof+sg u/]/ &) k|ltzt ;sf/fTds / #) k|ltzt gsf/fTds kIf 5g\ eGg'k5{ tyf dfcf] / lrlgof" ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf #) k|ltzt gsf/fTds kIf ;RofP/ hfg'k5{ eGg] k|:tfj klg /fv]sf lyof}+ . ;fy}, kf6L{leqsf cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{sf] ljlwaf6 xn ug'{k5{ eGg] k|:tfj /fv]sf lyof}+ t/ pxf"x¿n] dfGg' ePg . kl/0ffd:j¿k kf6L{leq u}/;j{xf/f ljrng a9\b} uof] . s=k|r08 / s=afa'/fd;d]tsf] klg j}rfl/s, /fhgLlts, ;+u7gfTds, ;}Go / ;f+:s[lts ljrngx¿ a9\b} uP . s=k|r08n] s=afa'/fdnfO{ ef/tjfbL tyf s=afa'/fdn] s=k|r08nfO{ /fhfjfbLh:tf cToGt} uDeL/ cf/f]kx¿ ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf nufp"b} emG8}–emG8} kf6L{ km'6fpg] l:ylt;Dd pxfFx¿ k'Ug'ePsf] l:ylt xf] .
#= ut )^@ sflQsdf ;DkGg a}7sdf qmflGtleq qmflGt ug'{kg]{ gofF ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf sfo{lbzf t kfl/t eof] . t/, ha s=k|r08sf #) k|ltzt dgf]utjfbL, clwe"tjfbL, oflGqs h8;"qjfbL, slxn] blIf0fkGyL, slxn] pu|jfdkGyL aGg] dWokGyL cl:y/ k|j[lQ, jfdvf]ndf blIf0f k|j[lQnufot cfTds]lGb|t JolQmjfbL, km'6jfbL, ;fdGtL / k"'hLjfbL k|j[lQx¿-s=afa'/fdsf t #) k|ltzt eGbf a9L u}/;j{xf/f k|j[lQx¿ 5g\ ._ sf lj?4 o'jf k+lQmaf6 cfjfh p7fpg yflnof], ta pxfFx¿ qmflGtsf/L k|j[lQsf lj?4 if8\oGq / u'6aGbL tyf hfnem]n ub}{ kf6L{nfO{ latf{ agfpg] / lghLs/0f ug]{ cleofgdf nfUg yfNg'ePsf] 5 .
$= :6flngsf #) k|ltzt gsf/fTds kIfx¿sf lj?4 :6flng hLljt} 5"bf Toxf"sf qmflGtsf/L o'jf k':tfn] gofF ljlw / ljrf/sf] ljsf; u/L qmflGtleq qmflGt u/]sf] eP ;fob ?;df k|ltqmflGt Tolt l5§} gx'g] lyof] jf k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sg ;Sg] lyof] . dfcf]sf #) k|ltzt gsf/fTds kIf -slxn] qmflGtsf/L kIfnfO{ k|xf/ ug]{, pu| jfd ljrng / slxn] blIf0fkGyL;"u ;Demf}tf ug]{ blIf0fkGyL ljrng cGtdf dWokGyLnfO{ pQ/flwsf/L agfpg] ljrng cflb_ sf lj?4 Uofª ckm kmf]/ elgPsf qmflGtsf/L gofF k':tfn] dfcf] hLljt} 5"bf gof"vfn] ;f+:s[lts qmflGt ug'{ kb{Yof] . leotgfdsf ;'k|l;4 g]tf xf]lrldGxsf] dWokGyL ljrngn] s;/L Toxf" k|ltqmflGt x'g k'Uof] < lsd On ;'ª / lkm8]n Sof:qf]sf ljleGgvfn] ljrngn] s;/L k|ltqmflGt x'g k'Uof] < o;af6 cfhsf gofF k':tfn] uDeL/ lzIff lng}kb{5 .
%= o;/L s=k|r08sf / s= afa'/fdsf gsf/fTds kIfsf lj?4 qmflGtleq qmflGt -gof" ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt_ ub}{ ;fdGtL lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf lj?4 gofF nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgfsf] lbzfdf ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{k+lQm, hg;]gf, hgjuL{o ;+u7g / ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfonfO{ Pstfa4 eO{ cf–cfkm\gf] kl/l:ylt cg"s'n v'nf / e"ldut ¿kn] ;+3if{df nfUg xflb{s clkn ub{5f}+ / k'/fg} ljlw / ljrf/af6 dfq b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{ rnfP/ clxn]sf] ju{;+3if{ / cGt/;+3if{sf] hl6n / uDeL/ ;d:of xn gx'g] / PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] gofF kf6L{ klg gaGg] x'gfn] ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] gof" ljrf/ / ljlwdf hfg'kg]{ clgjfo{ 5 . xfdL ;Dk"0f{ ;xof]4f sd/]8x¿ / hg;d'bfonfO{ o; lbzftkm{ cl3 a9\g k'gM hf]8 ub{5f}+ . ^= pxfFx¿sf gsf/fTds kIfx¿ o;k|sf/ pNn]v u/]sf 5f}+ . c¿ qmdzM ;fj{hlgs ul/g]5 .
-s_ sflGtk'/ sf] cGtjf{tf{df s=k|r08n] …/fhtGq rflxG5 eg] xfdL :jLsf5f}{=== ;lqmo /fhf rflxG5 eGof] eg] klg dfG5f}+Ú eg]/ lbg'ePsf] cleJolQm /0fgLlts b[9tf / sfo{g}lts nrstfsf] ;j{xf/f l;4fGtsf lj?4 uPsf] 5 . /fhtGqsf] pGd"ng / gofF u0ftGqsf] :yfkgfdf b[9 gx'g', ;lqmo /fhf klg dfG5' eGg' s=k|r08sf] blIf0fkGyL ljrngsf] cleJolQm xf], pxf"n] ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf cfTdfnf]rgf ub}{ ;f] cleJolQm lkmtf{ lng nufpg ;+3if{ u/f}+ . -v_ s=k|r08 / s=afa'/fdn] ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{ ;a} sDo'lg:6n] ;w}" dfGg'kg]{ eg]/ o;nfO{ lg/k]If l;4fGt tyf ;a} k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sg] /fdjf0fsf ¿kdf h8;"q agfpg vf]lh/xg'ePsf] 5, h'g dfn]dfjfbsf] cfwf/e"t l;4fGtljk/Lt 5 . @) cf}+ ztfAbLdf k|ltqmflGt x'g'sf k|d'v sf/0f ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{ glbP/ xf] eGg] pxf"x¿sf] lgisif{ klg dgf]ut, oflGqs, clwe"tjfbL / u}/;j{xf/f a'h'{jf s'ts{jfb xf] . @) cf}+ ztfAbLsf k|ltqmflGtsf j:t'ut sf/0f klg 5g\ / cfTdut sf/0fx¿ klg 5g\ . ;a} k|ltqmflGtx¿ kf6L{leq}af6 klxnf] / bf];|f] :t/sf g]tfx¿af6 ePsf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf ljrngx¿sf lj?4 klg qmflGt ug]{ gof" ljlw / ljrf/sf] ljsf; ug'{kg]{ bfloTj PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf qmflGtsf/L gof" k':tfsf] sfwdf cfPsf] 5 . -u_ s=k|r08 / s=afa'/fdsf] slxn] /fodfemL k|j[lQ, slxn] n]G8'kbf]h]{ k|j[lQ, slxn] sf+u|];k/:t, slxn] ;+j}wflgs /fhfjfbL k|j[lQsf s]xL c+z b]lvg] u/]sf] 5 . To;sf lj?4 ;+3if{ u/f}+ . -3_ ;a}n] PsPs kb emg]{ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] lg0f{oljk/Lt s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7s ePsf] Ps ;ftf klg laTg gkfp"b} s=k|r08sf gofF ;DwL s=bLjfs/sf] l;kmfl/;df / s=afa'/fdsf] ;dy{gdf s=k|r08sf Psnf}6] 5f]/f sd/]8nfO{ b'O{ tx a9'jf u/]/ If]qLo Ao'/f]df k'¥ofP/ pxf"x¿n] ;fdGtL k|j[lQ b]vfpg'ePsf] 5, o;nfO{ t' vf/]h ul/of];\ egL ;+3if{ u/f}+ . -ª_ k|jf; Ao'/f]n] /fhtGqlj?4 ;+3if{ p7fpg nfvf}+ g]kfnLnfO{ :jb]z hfg k]|l/t ug]{ dxfg\ of]hgf kfl/t ub}{ o;sf nflu ;j{k|yd s=k|r08sf csf{ ;DwL tyf aL;f}+ jif{ k|jf;df /xg'ePsf sd/]8nfO{ g} klxnf] :jb]z hfg] 6f]nLsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf]df s=k|r08 / s=afa'/fdn] csf]{ a}7s cfof]hgf u/L Tof] lg0f{o vf/]h u/]/ pxf"x¿dfly nfUb} cfPsf] n8\g–dg{ c¿ hfcf];\, cfkmGtx¿ arf];\ eGg] cf/f]k ;To ;fljt ug'{ePsf] 5 . k|jf; Ao'/f]sf] klxnf] a}7ssf qmflGtsf/L ;+u7gfTds of]hgf nfu" ug{ ;+3if{ u/f}+ . -r_ hgd'lQm ;]gf / alnbfgsf] dxTjnfO{ lgs} kmnfSg] s=k|r08n] cfkm\gf Psnf}6] 5f]/f sd/]8 / cfkmGtnfO{ lsg clxn];Dd hg;]gfdf etL{ ub}{gg\ < s=afa'/fdn] klg cfkm\gf] Psnf}6L 5f]/LnfO{ hg;]gfdf etL{ ug'{sf] abnf lsg a'h'{jf lzIffsf] l8Knf]df txdf k9fO/fv]sf 5g\ < pxf"x¿sf] #) k|ltzt / ;f]eGbf a9L ;fdGtL / k'"hLjfbL k|j[lQ 5g\ eGg] s'/f o;af6 klg k|:6 x'G5 . logLx¿nfO{ hg;]gfdf etL{ u/fpg bafad"ns ;+3if{ u/f}+ . -5_ s=k|r08 / s=afa'/fdn] lkmN8df / o'4df]rf{df a;]/ hgo'4 / ljb|f]xsf] g]t[Tj u/]/ sfo{stf{ / hgtfdf pbfx/0f k]; ug'{kg]{df s"6gLltsf] gfddf ;'ljwfef]uL / blIf0fkGyL cfTd;'/IffjfbL aGg] ul//xg'ePsf] 5 . b;jif]{ hgo'4df cf7 jif{eGbf a9L ;do ljb]zL e"lddf /dfP/ a:gfn] pxfFx¿ o'4df]rf{sf] oyfy{af6 cnlUuP/ dgf]utjfbL x'g yfNg'ePsf], h;sf] sf/0f cgfjZos Iflt klg ePsf] 5 .
ctM xfdL oL af/]df uDeL/ 5nkmn, ax; / bafa l;h{gf xf]pmg\ / kf6L{sf] j}rfl/s 5nkmn, ax; cfdhgtfdf hfcf];\ eGg] ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] dfGotf :yflkt ug{ rfxG5f}+ . xfdL ;fdGtjfb, lj:tf/jfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf ;fy} ;a}vfn] cj;/jfbsf lj?4 lg/Gt/ ;+3if{ ul//xg] k|lt1f ub}{ ;a} kf6L{x¿leqsf u0ftGqjfbLx¿nfO{ ;femf df]rf{ agfP/ cl3 a9\g;d]t clkn ub{5f}+ . ;fy}, bnx¿leq b]vf k/]sf] klxnf] k':tfsf g]tfx¿sf] csd{Gotf / ljrngsf lj?4 gof" ljlw / ljrf/åf/f gofF 9+un] qmflGtleq klg qmflGt ug{ clkn ub{5f}+ .Æ
/jLGb| / dl0fnfO{ k|r08n] klg uDeL/ cf/f]k nufpFb} Ps csf]{ k|]; lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ eg]sf 5g\ M
ælxhf] kmfNu'0f @(, @)^@ sf ldltdf /jLGb| / cg's"nsf gfdaf6 k|rf/ ul/Psf] slyt ax;sf] ckLnk|lt kf6L{ s]Gb|sf] wf/0ff / lg0f{o :ki6 ug{ of] k|]; lj1lKt hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .
!_ xfd|f] uf}/jzfnL kf6L{n] cfh afx\o ?kdf ljZj ;fd|fHojfbsf] gfOs]sf lj?4 tyf cfGtl/s ?kdf ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGqsf lj?4 lgd{d / lg0ff{os ;+3if{sf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] 5 . ;fdGtLtGqsf lj?4 kf6L{åf/f 3f]lift gfsfjGbLsf] k"j{;GWofdf kf6L{sf gLlt / g]t[Tjsf lj?4 ;fj{hlgs ljifjdg u/]/ /jLGb| / cg's"nn] j:t'tM cfkm}nfO{ kf6L{ / qmflGtaf6 cnUofP/ lg/+s'z 1fg]Gb| zfxLsf k[i7kf]ifssf ?kdf pEofPsf 5g\ . cfkm\gf lgof]lht c/fhs / c/fhg}lts lqmofsnfksf sf/0f s]xL lbg klxn] dfq s]Gb|Lo ;ldltaf6 lgnDag ul/Psf /jLGb| / cg's"nnfO{ k"0f{ ktg x'gaf6 arfpg] clGtd k|of;sf ?kdf kf6L{n] hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] dfGotf cg';f/ cfkm\gf c;Gt'li6x¿ cg'zfl;t 9+un] s]Gb|df k|:t't ug{ lgb]{lzt u/]sf] lyof] . t/, kf6L{ / qmflGtaf6 efUg] dgl:yltdf k'lu;s]sf pgLx¿n] kf6L{df ljrf/ k|:t't u/L lgs6 eljiodf of]hgfj4 ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg lglZrt ePsf] dxfg\ ax;sf] ;fdgf ug]{ cf"6 geP/ g} cfh qmflGtsf lj?4 k|ltqmflGtsf] ;]jf ug]{ euf}8f / u2f/Lsf] kl/ro lbg k'u]sf 5g\ . ctM kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{non] /jLGb| / cg's"nnfO{ qmflGtsf euf}8f, lg/+s'z /fhtGq / k|ltqmflGtsf ;]js 3f]if0ff ub}{ kf6L{af6 lg:sfzgsf] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
@_ /jLGb| / cg's'nn] slyt ckLn dfkm{t\ g]t[Tjsf lj?4 u/]sf lgs[i6 ufnLunf}hnfO{ kf6L{s]Gb| k"0f{ ?kdf vf/]h ub{5 / pgLx¿sf] o;k|sf/sf] k|rf/afhLnfO{ k|ltqmflGtsf/L lqmofsnfksf ?kdf 3[0ff / eT;{gf ub{5 . slyt clkndf cfkm\gf] k|ltqmflGtsf/L euf}8f rl/qdfly kbf{ xfNg] ldYof k|of;sf ?kdf cToGt oflGqs, e2f / ljs[t 9+un] p7fOPsf æ;}4flGtsÆ k|Zgx¿ dfly pgLx¿;Fu s'g} u+eL/ ax; x'g} ;Sb}g . ju{;+3if{sf] lgtfGt ;+j]bgzLn df]8df lg/+s'ztGqsf lj?4 ;+3if{ ul//x]sf dxfg\ g]kfnL hgtf tyf To;qmddf k|f0ff]T;u{ ug]{ dxfg\ zxLbx¿sf] /utsf lj?4 ;fdGtL kmfl;jfbL 1fg]Gb|, sdn yfkfx¿nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] u2f/x¿;"u s'g} ax; x'g} ;Sb}g . kf6L{n] cfufdL dxflwj]zgsf nflu of]hgfj4 9+un] ax; cufl8 a9fpg] k|d'v sfo{;"rL tyf kf6L{ / qmflGtk|lt lgi7fjfg qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] cfkm\gf dtdtfGt/x¿nfO{ /rgfTds 9+un] k|:t't ug]{ j}1flgs ljlw ;d]t lglZrt ul/;s]sf] 5 . Tof] cj:yfdf kf6L{af6 e"ldut eO{ b'Zdgsf] lsQfdf pleP/ ax;sf] s'/f ug]{ /jLGb| / cg's"nsf] k|nfknfO{ ;Dk"0f{ ?kn] cfTd;dk{0fsf/L lrTsf/sf ?kdf vf/]h ub{5 . #_ ju{;+3if{sf] cfhsf] ;+j]bgzLn 38Ldf olt 7"nf] ljrngsf] lzsf/ x'g k'u]sf /jLGb|sf] k[i7e"ld kf6L{leq lgtfGt cfTds]lGb|t, ;GsL, ljjfbf:kb / cltjfbL k|sf/sf] /x"b} cfPsf] lyof] . ;+u7gdf hxfF lhDdf ln"bf klg s]xLnfO{ c:jefljs ?kn] sfvL RofKg' / c?x¿nfO{ kfvf nufpg', u'6jGbL ug'{ / ef"8e}nf] dRrfpg vf]Hg' /jLGb|sf] rfl/lqs ljz]iftf g} lyof] . ut sfndf b'Zdgsf] sAhfdf /x"bf pgsf lqmofsnfk ;Gb]xf:kb /x]sf] s'/f Tolta]nf pgL;"u} h]n a:g] cGo sd/]8x¿åf/f lnlvt / df}lvs b'j} ?kdf s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf l/kf]6{x¿ cfPsf lyP . tL l/kf]6{x¿sf] cfwf/df kf6L{s]Gb|n] cfk\mgf] cg';Gwfg k|lqmofnfO{ clxn] klg cufl8 a9fO/x]sf] 5 . clxn] h'g kl/j]zdf / h'g 9+un] pgn] kf6L{ / g]t[Tjsf lj?4 ljifjdg u/]sf 5g\ / h;/L sdn yfkfx¿sf] jStJo cfO/x]sf] 5, To;n] of] s'g} ;+of]u dfq} geP/ lgof]lht ePsf] s'/fnfO{ u+eL/ ?kn] ;+s]t ul//x]sf] 5 .
s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] ut a}7ssf] tof/Lsf qmddf cfkm"nfO{ gofF lk+9Lsf] of]Uo / sd/]8 k|r08sf] pQ/flwsf/Lsf ?kdf æ:yflktÆ ug{ pgn] v]n]sf] rfs8L, 3'sL{ / wDsLk"0f{ e"ldsfsf sf/0f a}7sdf pgL k"/} cnuynu x'g k'u]sf lyP . cfkm\gf] cfTds]lGb|t JolQmjfbL / r/d dxTjfsf+IfL k|j[lt ;Rofpg k|oTg ug'{sf] ;§f cx+sf/ / k|ltzf]wsf] lzsf/ x'g k'u]sf /jLGb| cGttM cfnf]s k|j[ltnfO{ w]/} kl5 5f]8]/ dxf cfnf]ssf] kl/ro lbg k'u] .
To;}u/L cg's"nsf] rl/q klg xd]zf oflGqs / cltjfbL k|sf/sf] /xFb} cfPsf] lyof] . uPsf] b'O{ jif{b]lv 3f]/ lg/fzf, knfog / blIf0fkGyL lj;h{gjfbsf] /f]uaf6 pgL u|:t /x"b} cfPsf lyP . cGt/kf6L{ ;+3if{df cfkm\gf pQ]hs cleJolQm dfkm{t\ km'6 / lj;h{g a9fpg] s'/fdf g} pgsf] ;lqmotf /xg] u/]sf] lyof] . s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] ut a}7snfO{ alxisf/ u/]/ pgn] cfkm\gf] knfog / lj;h{gjfbL rl/qsf] kl/ro lbO g} ;s]sf lyP . ljutsf] cGt/kf6L{ ;+3if{df kf6L{ x]8Sjf6{/ -s= k|r08_sf] cf8 lnP/ km'6jfbnfO{ dnhn ug]{ /jLGb| tyf s=afa'/fd e§/fO{sf] cf8 lnP/ ToxL s;/t ug]{ cg's"nsf aLrsf] of] u7jGwg lgtfGt c/fhgLlts, cg}lts / euf}8fx¿sf] u7jGwg l;jfo c? s]xL gePsf] tYo :ki6 5 .
$_ qmflGtsf] ljsf;qmddf To;n] cfkm"leqaf6 cgfjZos kmf]xf]/ d}nf (bi-product) lgsfn]/ kmfNg' clgjfo{ x'G5 . clxn] /jLGb| / cg's"nsf] alxu{dg qmflGtsf] ToxL clgjfo{ lgodsf] gofF s8L dfq xf] . 1fg]Gb| / sdn yfkf h:tf lg/+s'z tTjx¿b]lv cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb;Ddsf tTjx¿ o;af6 kf6L{ sdhf]/ x'g] ;kgf b]v]sf 5g\ eg] Tof] ;kgf To;/L g} b'M:jKg dfq x'g]5 . h;/L ljutdf cfnf]s k|j[ltsf qmddf ePsf] lyof] . kmf]xf]/ d}nf ldNsfP/ kf6L{ cem :j:y / dhj'b agL b'Zdgsf] lj?4 emg\ zlQmzfnL wfjf af]Ng]5 . /jLGb| / cg's"nsf] k|ltqmflGtsf/L, euf}8f rl/qnfO{ xfd|f] l;+uf] kf6L{ k+lQm, hgd'lQm ;]gfsf ;du| of]4fx¿ tyf gof" ;Qf / cfd hgk+lQm Psl9Ssf eP/ gf+u]emf/ kfg]{5g\ . cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb, 1fg]Gb| zfxL / sdn yfkfx¿sf nflu /jLGb| / cg's"n l;+uf] kxf8 vg]/ d';f lgsfn] eGbf a9L c? s]xL x'g ;Sb}g . ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGqsf lj?4 nf]stGq / zflGtsf] o'4df hgtfsf] ljho ;'lglZrt 5 .Æ oL b'O{ kIfx?sf] dfq xf]Og n8fO{ l;Ëf] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{leq tn b]lv dfly;Dd z'? ePsf] / kf6L{leq} b'j} kIfsf] b'j} kIfn] t]hf]aw ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . -xfdL k|hftGq / zflGtsf] kIfdf k|lta4 5f} . cft+sjfb / cft+ssf/Lsf] ultljlwsf] ;w} ljkIfdf 5f}, o; c+sdf k|sflzt dfcf]jfbLsf ;DalGwt kIfsf lj1lKtx? Kff7sx?sf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu dfq k|sfzg u/]sf xf} –;+=_
g]kfn k|x/L lsg efFl8b}5 <
sf7df8f}+ . o; eGbf cl3sf tLg hgf k"j{ k|x/L dxflg/LIfsx? e|i6frf/sf] cleof]udf clVtof/ / cbfnt wfO/xg', xfn klg g]kfn k|x/L leq e|i6frf/ / clgoldttfsf ;dfrf/x? k|sfzdf cfO/xg'n] l;Ëf] k|x/L ;+u7gnfO{ / k|x/L ;+u7g leqsf OdfGbf/ /fi6« ;]jsx?nfO{ lz/ lgx'/fO/xg' kg]{ afWotf b]lvPsf] 5 . g]kfn k|x/L h:tf] hgtf;Fu l;w} ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;+u7g leq x'g] s'g} klg ;fgf] uNtL jf sdhf]/Ln] l;Ëf] ;+u7gnfO{ g} c;/ k'U5 eGg] s'/f k|x/Lsf xtf{stf{x?n] a'em\g' h?/L lyof] t/ Jojxf/df To;f] geOlb+bf clxn] k|x/L eg]s} e|i6frf/ / clgoldttfsf] ljz]if0f xf] ls h:tf] e|d hgtfdf l;h{gf x'g yfn]sf] 5 . k|x/L leq olt OdfGbf/, sd{7, of]Uo / Ifdtfjfgx? 5g\ t/ b'Mvsf] s'/f pgLx? h;sf] kfnfdf klg 5fofFdf kg'{ kl//x]sf] 5 . /fhfsf] zf;gsfndf ;d]t g]kfn k|x/Lsf] ;+u7gnfO{ ljjfb/lxt agfpg g;s]sf] b]Vbf k|x/L ;+u7gsf z'elrGtsx?sf] lz/ lgx'l/Psf] 5 . hf] u[x dGqL cfpF5 p;}n] cfkm\gf] cg's'n /fhgLlt ug]{, ;+u7g ef8\g], cfkm\gf cf;]kf;]x?nfO{ /fd|f 7fpFdf ;?jf / dflyNnf] txdf a9'jf ug]{, of]Uotf, Ifdtf, cg'ej, l;lgol/6L eGbf rfs8L, rfKn';L ug]{ cj;/jfbLx?nfO{ lksck ug]{ k|j[lQ clxn] klg Ho"F sf To"F b]lvof] . ev{/} dfq s]xL OdfGbf/, /fhfjfbL, /fi6«jfbL, lehg ePsf l8cfOhLx? 3/ hfg afWo kfl/P / s]xLnfO{ s'g} s'/fsf] Vofn g/fvL a9'jf ul/of] eGg] rrf{ kl/rrf{ ahf/df JofKt 5 . g]kfn k|x/Ldf clxn] l;kfxL eGbf xflsdx? w]/} x'g] l:ylt 5 . Pshgf PcfOhLn] k'Ug] 7fpFdf ca cf7hgf k'¥ofP/ km]l/ k|x/L ;+u7g tx; gx; agfpg] v]n eO/x]sf] 5 . s'g} a]nf kfFr–5 hgf dfq l8cfOhL /xg] k|x/Ldf clxn] l8hfOhLsf] ;+Vof klg cgluGtL x'g] ePsf] 5 . P;=P;=kL=, P;=kL=, l8=P;=kL=, OG:k]S6/sf] ;+Vof t slt xf] slt < o;}aLr >L % sf] ;/sf/ dGqLkl/ifbsf] @)^@ r}t # ut]sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ k|x/L gfoj dxflg/LIfsaf6 k|x/L cltl/Qm dxflg/LIfs kbdf a9'jf x'g'ePsf k|x/L clws[tx?nfO{ xfn} k|x/L k|wfg sfof{nodf cfof]lht Ps ;df/f]xaLr k|x/L dxflg/LIfs Zofd eQm yfkfn] pQm bhf{sf] bHof{gL lrGx k|bfg ug'{eof] . ;f]xL cj;/df v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfaf6 @)^@ ebf} @) ut] k|sflzt glthfdf j}slNks pd]bjf/df 5gf}6 eO{ @)^@ kmfu'g @# ut]sf] >L % sf] ;/sf/ ;lrj :t/Lo lg0f{o cg';f/ k|x/L lg/LIfs kbdf gjlgo'Qm ePsf ^ hgf k|x/L clws[tx?nfO{ ;d]t k|x/L dxflg/LIfs yfkfn] bHof{gL lrGx k|bfg ug'{eof] . ;f] ;df/f]xnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ qmddf k|x/L dxflg/LIfs yfkfn] kbf]GgtLn] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ a[l4 ug]{ x'Fbf cfkm'nfO{ To; k|s[ltdf 9fNg k|oTg ug'{kg]{ s'/f atfpg'x'Fb} a9'jf x'g] tyf gofF lgo'QmL x'g] ;j}nfO{ xflb{s awfO{ lbg'eof] . >L % dxf/fhflw/fh ;/sf/af6 rflnaS;]sf] sbdk|lt cfkm\gf] of]Uotf / Ifdtf nufO{ dg, arg / sd{n] ;dlk{t x'g pxfFn] ;j}nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg'eof] . cfkm';Fu ePsf ;Lldt ;|f]t / ;fwgnfO{ clwstd k|of]u u/L cft+safbsf la?4 tNnLg eO{ nfUg'kg]{ s'/f jtfpg'ex'Fb} k|x/L dxflg/LIfs yfkfn] cfkm\gf] of]Uotf / ;Lk /fh;+:yfsf] ul/df a9fpg tyf hgtfsf] ;]jf ug{ nufpg'kg]{ s'/f pNn]v ug'{eof] . bHof{gL lrGx k|fKt ug'{x'g] k|x/L cltl/Qm dxflg/LIfsx?df ?k ;fu/ df]Qmfg / s[i0f a:g]t x'g'xG5 . pxfFx?n] @)#% ;fn c;f]h @ ut]b]lv k|x/L lg/LIfs kbaf6 ;]jf cf/De ug'{ePsf] xf] . ;f] cj;/df k|x/L cltl/Qm dxflg/LIfsx? /fh]Gb| axfb'/ l;+x, cf]d laqmd /f0ff, cd/ l;+x zfx, k|x/L gfoj dxflg/LIfsx? nufot al/i7 k|x/L clws[tx?sf] ;d]t pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . P=cfO{=hL= kbdf a9'jf ;Fu;Fu} ca s]xL l8=cfO{=hL= kbx? l/Qm ePsfn] l8=cfO{=hL= kbdf a9'jf x'g y'k|} P;=P;=kL=x?sf] bf}8fxf z'? ePsf] 5 . k'/fgf xft xltof/, sdhf]/ dfgl;stf, ;+u7g leqsf] clgoldttf h:tf sf/0fn] g]kfn k|x/L lbg k|ltlbg sdhf]/ aGb} uO{/x]sf]n] o;tkm{ ;Da4 ;a}sf] Wofg hfg' h?/L eO;s]sf] ;+u7g leqaf6} cfjfh pl7/x]sf] 5 .
l5§} cfdlgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff x'g]
sf7df8f} . ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ /fHodGqL >Lif zDz]/ /f0ffn] ca l5§ cfd lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff x'g] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . dxf]Q/Lsf] hn]Zj/df kqsf/x?;Fu s'/f ub}{ pxfFn] ;f] s'/f atfpg'ePsf] xf] . o;cl3 >L /f0ffn] cfd g]kfnL hgtf lx+;f, xTof Pj+ cft+ssf] ljkIfdf /x]sf] atfpb} dfcf]jfbLn] xltof/ Tofu]/ cfPsf] v08df ;/sf/ jftf{ ug{ t}of/ /x]sf] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
/fHodGqL /f0ffn] lj/f6gu/af6 dx]Gb| /fhdfu{ eP/ hgsk'/wfd cfOk'u]kl5 cfof]hgf ul/Psf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf af]Nb} ;f] s'/f atfpg' ePsf] xf] .
;+rf//fHodGqL /f0ffn] dfcf]jfbL cft+ssf/L / ;ft bnsf] aLrdf slyt lbNnL aftf{nfO{ g]kfnL hgtfn] vf;} dxTj glbPsf] atfpFb} cfkm}+n] cft+ssf/L 3f]if0ff u/]sf] ;d"x;Fu ;ft bnn] aftf{ ul/ å}w rl/q b]vfPsf] atfpg' eof] . pxfFn] ;ft bnsf] cfGbf]ng d'n'sdf zflGt :yfkgfsf nflu ge} ;Qf k|flKtsf nflu dfq ePsf] atfpFb} cft+safb / ljb]zLsf] cf8df /fHo lng
vf]Hg' lbjf :jKg dfq x'g] atfpg' eof] .
>L % sf] ;/sf/sf k|jQmf ;d]t /xg' ePsf /fHodGqL /f0ffn] >L % dxf/fhflw/fhaf6 x's'd aS;] adf]lhd >L % sf] ;/sf/n] @)^# ;fn leq ;+;bLo r'gfj u/fP/} 5f8\g] atfpg' eof] .
o;cl3 lj/f6gu/df ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ /fHodGqL >Lz zdz]/ /f0ffn], kqsf/ hutn] hyfefjL ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f u/]/ ;"–;'rLt x'g] hgtfsf] xs clwsf/nfO{ cf3ft k'Ug] sfo{ ug{ gx'g] s'/f atfpg' ePsf 5 .
;f] s'/f pxfFn] kqsf/ sNof0fsf]if df]/Ë åf/f lj/f6gu/df cfof]lht k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ;df/f]xdf atfpg' ePsf] xf] .
pxfFn] kqsf/ hutn] /fhgLlts cfu|x k"jf{u|x eGbf klg /fi6« / hgtfsf] lxtsf nflu snd rnfpg' kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'eof] .
kqsf/ sNof0fsf]if df]/Ësf cWoIf k|nfb k|;fb ;fxsf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf lh=lj=;= df]/Ësf ;efklt aNne k|;fb bxfnn]kgL af]Ng' ePsf] lyof] .
;f] cj;/df /fHodGqL /f0ffn] kqsf/ltf If]qdf pNn]vgLo of]ubfg k'¥ofPjfkt ;[hgzLn kqsf/Ltf k'/:sf/ af6 zflGt g]kfn ;fKtfxLssf ;Dkfbs ldyLnf pkfWofo / g]kfn 6]nLeLhgsf df]/Ë ;+jfbbtf z+e' kf]v/]nnfO{ gub tyf k|df0f kq k|bfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L ;"rgf tyf ;+rf//fHodGqL >Lz zdz]/ /f0ffn] /]l8of] g]kfn Joj;foLs ?kdf cfTdlge{/ x'g'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg' ePsf] 5 .
;'g;/L lhNnfsf ljleGg sfof{nox?sf] lgl/If0f ug]{ qmddf lxhf] w/fg k'Ug' ePsf ;+rf/ /fHo dGqL /f0ffn] /]l8of] k|;f/0f s]Gb| w/fgdf cfof]lht sfo{qmdnfO{ ;+af]wg ub}{ /]l8of] g]kfnnfO{ l8lh6n k|ljlwdf ?kfGt/0f ug{ ;/sf/n] cfjZos tof/L ul//x]sf] atfpg' eof] .
;f]xL cj;/df /]l8of] g]kfnsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs tkgfy z'Snn] k|ljlw ljsf; ug]{ ;DaGwdf >L % sf] ;/sf/ ;dIf k|:tfj k]z ul/ ;lsPsf] atfpFb} l5§} e]8]6f/af6 klg Pkm Pd k|;f/0f ul/ Joj;flos ?kdf cfTdlge{/ x'g] aftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . lxh} /fHo dGqL /f0ffn] sf]zL c+rn k|zf;g sfof{no, g]kfn 6]lnsd w/fg zfvf / Og?jf zfvfsf] klg lgl/If0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
lxh} /fli6«o kqsf/ ;+3 ;'g;/Låf/f w/fgdf cfof]lht kqsf/ e]63f6 sfo{qmdnfO{ ;+af]wg ub}{ /fHodGqL /f0ffn] kqsf/x?sf] xs lxtsf nflu ltg dlxgf leq ldl8of sfpG;Ln u7g ul/g] atfpFb} kqsf/x? cfˆgf xs clwsf/sf nflu k]zfut?kn] ;+ul7t x'g'kg]{ ljrf/ JoQm ug'{eof] .
lxh} ;'g;/L lhNnfsf] O6x/Ldf cfof]hLt kqsf/ e]63f6 sfo{qmddf /fHodGqL /f0ffn] jt{dfg ;/sf/sf] kxLnf] bfoLTj g]kfnL hgtfsf] lhpwgsf] /Iff u/L d'n'sdf zflGt sfod ug'{ xf] eGg' x'Fb} cxLn] zfGtL ;'/Iffsf] :yLtLdf lgs} ;'wf/ cfPsf] atfpg' eof] .
o;cl3 ;"rgf tyf ;+rf//fHodGqL >Lz zdz]/ /f0ffn] /]l8of] g]kfn Joj;foLs ?kdf cfTdlge{/ x'g'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg' ePsf] 5 .
;'g;/L lhNnfsf ljleGg sfof{nox?sf] lgl/If0f ug]{ qmddf cfh w/fg k'Ug' ePsf ;+rf/ /fHo dGqL /f0ffn] /]l8of] k|;f/0f s]Gb| w/fgdf cfof]lht sfo{qmdnfO{ ;+af]wg ub}{ /]l8of] g]kfnnfO{ l8lh6n k|ljlwdf ?kfGt/0f ug{ ;/sf/n] cfjZos tof/L ul//x]sf] atfpg' eof] .
;f]xL cj/df /]l8of] g]kfnsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs tkgfy z'Snn] k|ljlw ljsf; ug]{ ;DaGwdf >L % sf] ;/sf/ ;dIf k|:tfj k]z ul/ ;lsPsf] atfpFb} l5§} e]8]6f/af6 klg Pkm Pd k|;f/0f ul/ Joj;flos/df cfTdlge{/ x'g] aftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ hfgsf/L lbg' eof] .
;f] cj;/df /]l8of] k|;f/ s]Gb| w/fgsf k|d'v rGb| e'if0fnfn bf;n] s]Gb|sf] a:t'l:yltsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] .
;f] sfo{qmddf sf]zL c+rn k|zf;s /0f axfb'/ rGb /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldltsf cWoIf lk= v/]n, g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf dxfk|aGws zDe'lht afF:sf]6f tyf rnlrq ljsf; jf]8{sf sfo{sf/L cWoIf s[i0f dNnsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
cfh} /fHo dGqL /f0ffn] sf]zL c+rn k|zf;g sfof{no, g]kfn 6]lnsd w/fg zfvf / Og?jf zfvfsf] klg lgl/If0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
cfh} /fli6«o kqsf/ ;+3 ;'g;/Låf/f w/fgdf cfof]lht kqsf/3]63f6 sfo{qmdnfO{ ;+af]wg ub}{ /fHodGqL /f0ffn] kqsf/x?sf] xs lxtsf nflu ltg dlxgf leq ldl8of sfpG;Ln u7g ul/g] atfpFb} kqsf/x? cfˆgf xs clwsf/sf nflu k]zfut?kn] ;+ul7t x'g'kg]{ ljrf/ JoQm ug'{eof] .
cfh} ;'g;/L lhNnfsf] O6x/L cfh cfof]hLt kqsf/ e]63f6 sfo{qmddf /fHodGqL /f0ffn] jt{dfg ;/sf/sf] kxLnf] bfoLTj g]kfnL hgtfsf] lhpwgsf] /Iff u/L d'n'sdf zflGt sfod ug'{ xf] eGg' x'Fb} cxLn] zfGtL ;'/Iffsf] :yLtLdf lgs} ;'wf/ cfPsf] atfpg' eof] . o;}qmddf ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ /fHodGqL >Lif zDz]/ /f0ffn] lj/f6gu/ l:yt ljleGg sfof{nosf] lg/LIf0f ug'{eof] .
;f] qmddf /fHodGqL /f0ffn] Toxf+ l:yt g]kfn 6]lnsdsf] zfvf sfof{no k"jf{c+rn If]qLo x'nfs lgb]{zgfno / g]kfn 6]lnsd If]qLo lgb]{zgfnosf] lg/LIf0f u/L tL sfof{nosf ultljlw jf/] hfgsf/L lng'eof] .
/fHodGqL /f0ffn] k"jf{c+rn If]qLo x'nfs lgb]{zgfno lj/f6gu/sf] lg/LIf0f kl5 jf]Nb} cfw'lgs ?kdf x'nfsnfO{ lj:tf/ ug{ gLltut ?kdf ;/sf/n] lg0f{o ul/x]sf] klg jtfpg' eof] .
g]kfn 6]lnsd IfqLo sfof{no lj/f6gu/sf] lg/LIf0fsf qmddf /fHodGqL /f0ffnfO{ ;f] sfof{nosf] k"jf{c+rndf 6]lnkmf]g lj:tf/ Pj+ ;]jf k'¥of/x]sf] jf/]df g]kfn 6]lnsd If]qLo lgb]{zgfnosf lgb]{zs sGx}of nfn u'Ktfn] hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L /fHodGqL /f0ffn] cfh} lj/f6gu/ l:yt /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldltsf] If]qLo sfof{no tyf uf]/vf kq ;+:yfgsf] lg/LIf0f ug'{eof] .
o;}u/L ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ /fHodGqL >[if zdz]/ /f0ffn] pBf]uL Jofkf/L x?sf] nufgL nfO{ ;+/If0f k|bfg ug{ ;/sf/ b[9 /x]sf] s'/f jtfpg' ePsf] 5 .
lj/f6gu/sf pBf]uL Jofkf/Lx?;+usf] e]63f6 sfo{qmddf pxf+n] ljut s]xL jif{ Ptf /fhgLlts kf6L{ x?n] pBf]uL Jofkf/L x?sf] >d / nufgL dfly v]njfb u/]s} sf/0f d'n'sn] of] cj:yf ef]Ug' k/]sf] rrf{ ub}{ cj To:tf] x'g gbLO nufgL ;'/IfLt ug{ ;/sf/ k|ltj4 ePsf]n] To; tk{m ;j}sf] ;xof]u x'g'kg]{ jtfpg' eof] .
8f= lu/L o;f] eGg'x'G5
sf7df8f} . dGqL kl/ifb\sf pkfWoIf 8f= t'n;L lu/Ln] >L % dxf/fhflw/fhaf6 @)^# ;fnleq cfd lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug]{ 3f]if0ff ul/aS;] cg'?k cfdlgjf{rg ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ug'{ kg]{ / To;af6 g} ;Dk"0f{ ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'g] s'/f atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
/fli6«o kqsf/ dxf;+3 g]kfnsf] k|ltlglw d08n;Fu l;+xb/jf/df ePsf] jftf{df pkfWoIf 8f= lu/Ln] >L % af6 k6s k6s ;a} ldn]/ b]z agfpg elg :jR5 dgn] ul/aS;]sf] cfXjfgnfO{ zÍfsf] b[li6n] gx]g{ cfu|x ug'{eof] . pxfFn] cfly{s sf/0fn] g]kfn c;kmn /fi6« aGg] s'g} ;Defjgf g/x]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pkfWoIf lu/Ln] g]kfndf k|hftGq 5}g,
cleJolQm :jtGqtf 5}g eGg] s'/f k"0f{tM unt ePsf] pNn]v ub}{ k|hftGq / cleJolQm :jtGqtf gePsf] Pp6} dfq pbfx/0f lbg k|hftGq / cleJolQm :jtGqtf 5}g eGg]x?nfO{ r'gf}tL lbg' eof] . pxfFn] d'n'ssf] h'g :yLlt 5 To;sf] oyfy{ k/s lnin]if0f u/]/ snd rnfpg kqsf/x?nfO{ cfu|x ug'{eof] . pkfWoIf lu/Ln] /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf e'm7f ;"rgf km}nfpg] b':k|of; e} /x]sf] cj:yfdf To;sf] k|df0fLs k|ltjfb ug{ klg kqsf/x?nfO{ cfu|x ug'{eof] . /fli6«o kqsf/ dxf;+3sf cWoIf lg/f]w/fh kf08]sf] g]t[Tjdf /fli6«o kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] gj lgjf{lrt k|ltlglw d08n kqsf/ xsxLt ;DalGw dfu ;xLt pkfWoIf lu/L;Fu e]6 ug{ uPsf] lyof] .
o'j/fh bDkltsf] ljb]z e|d0f / ^ s/f]8sf] s'/f
sf7df8f} . ljut !@ jif{df k|wfgdGqL jf dGqL x'Fbf ljb]z zo/ ug]{, >LdtL, 5f]/f 5f]/L, gftL gftLgf af]Sg] / /fHosf] sf]ifsf] b'?kof]u ug]{x?n] ca o'j/fh bDkltsf] klg ljb]z e|d0fsf] n]vf hf]vf ug{ yfn]/ Pp6f csf]{ cfZro{ yk]sf 5g\ eg] ltg} gf}6+sLx?sf] n]vf hf]vfnfO{ s]xL nf]stflGqs egfpg] kqklqsfn] k|fyldstfsf ;fy k|sfzg ul/ o'j/fh bDkltsf] ljb]z e|d0fnfO{ ljjfbf:kb agfpg] s'r]i6f ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . /fhgLltsf gfddf xb};Ddsf] c/fhgLlts / tNnf] bhf{sf] v]n x'g yfn]kl5 o'j/fh bDkltsf] ljb]z e|d0fnfO{ klg ToxL v]ndf ld;fOg' cfZro{hgs gePtf klg h'g lx;fan] k|fof]lht 9+un] e|d0fsf] af/]df e|d pTkGg ug{ vf]lhof] a'em\g]x?n] nlHht x'Fb} lha|f] 6f]s]sf 5g\ / eGb}5g\ /fhgLltsf gfddf o:tf] kmf]xf]/L v]n klg x'Fbf] /x]5 oxfF .
o;}aLr >L % o'j/fhflw/fh kf/; jL/ ljqmd zfxb]j tyf >L % o'j/f1L lxdfgL /fHonIdL b]jL zfx u0ftGq cfl:6«ofsf] cf}krfl/s e|d0fsf nflu cl:t To;tkm{ ;jf/L xf]Oaa:of] .
df};"kmx? cl:6«ofsf rfG;n/ a'NkmUofª ;';nsf] d}qLk"0f{ lgdGqf0ffdf cfl:6«ofsf] cf}krfl/s e|d0fsf nflu cl:6«ofsf /fhwfgL leogftkm{ ;jf/L xf]OaS;]sf] xf] .
>L % o'j/fhflw/fh tyf >L % o'j/f1Lsf h'gfkmdf lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynsf] clt ljlzi7 sIfdf k|wfg Gofolwz lblnk s'df/ kf}8]n, ;efd'v tf/gfy /fgfef6, /fhkl/ifb :yfoL ;ldltsf ;efklt k/z'gf/fo0f
rf}w/L / dlGqkl/ifbsf pkfWoIf4o 8f= t'n;L lu/L tyf sLlt{lglw lji6n] ljbfO{ clejfbg r9fpg' eof] . df};"kmx?sf] ljbfO{ bz{gfy{ ljdfg:yndf dlGqu0f, ;Da}wflgs lgsfosf k|d'v g]kfnl:yt s"6gLlts lgof]usf k|d'v tyf >L % sf] ;/sf/sf pRrkb:y kbflwsf/Lx?sf] pkl:ylt lyof] . df};'kmx?sf h'gfkmdf k~rsGofn] k'ikdfnf r9fO{ ljbfO{ bz{g u/]sf lyP . ;f] cj;/df >L % o'j/fhflw/fhsf ;Ddfgdf zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] zfxL ;nfdL r9fOPsf] lyof] . df};"kmx?sf] ;jf/L;fy k//fi6«dGqL /d]zgfy kf08] /xg'ePsf] 5 . k//fi6« dGqL kf08]n] leogftkm{ k|:yfg ug'{cl3 Ps k|]; aStAo hf/L ub}{ >L % dxf/fhflw/fhaf6 pkxf/:j?k u0ftGq cl:6«of ;/sf/ tyf hgtfsf nflu k|bfg ul/aS;]sf] Pshf]8L Psl;Ë] u}+8f x:tfGt/0f x:tfGt/0f ;df/f]xdf cl:6«sf rfG;n/ a'NkmUofª ;';n;+u} >L % o'j/fhflw/fh Pj+ o'j/f1L ;l/s xf]OaS;g] sfo{qmd /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . cl:6«of o'/f]k]nL ;+3sf] cWoIf ePsf] ;dodf df};"kmx?af6 cl:6«ofsf rfG;n/ ;';n;+u x'g] ljrf/sf] cfbfg–k|bfgaf6 g]kfn / cl':6«of tyf g]kfn / ;f] ;+3 aLrsf] ;DaGw ;'b[9s/0fdf dxfTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'Ug]s'/f ;f] aStJodf pNn]v 5 . >L % o'j/fhflw/fh tyf >L % o'j/f1Laf6 :jb]z lkmlt{;jf/L xf]OaS;g] qmddf ul/aS;g] u0ftGq k|mfG; / ;+o'Qm c/a Old/]6;sf] e|d0faf6 g]kfn /tL b'O{aLrsf] l4kIfLo cfly{s ;DaGw k|jxb{gdf cToGt} dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'Ug] s'/f k//fi6« dGqL kf08]n] lj1KtLdf pNn]v ug'{ ePsf] 5 .
:d/0f/xf]; o'j/fh bDkltsf] of] ljb]z e|d0fdf ^ s/f]8 ?k}ofF vr{ x'g] eGb} ;ftbn / o;sf lgs6x?sf] k|fof]lht xNnf / e|dsf] v]tLn] pgLx?nfO{g} o;n] kl5 cK7\of/f] kfg]{ b]lvG5 . df};'kmx¿ cl:6«ofdf /fh xf]OaS;Fbf ljleGg sfo{qmddf ;xefuL xf]OaS;g] sfo{qmd 5 . >L % o'j/fhflw/fhaf6 h' ;f]ga|'gdf r}t ( ut] cfof]hgf x'g] sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ul/aS;g]5 . ;f] sfo{qmddf cl:6«ofsf rfG;n/ ;';nn] klg ;Daf]wg ug'{x'g] sfo{qmd 5 . df};'kmx¿ OlG:6Ro'6 ckm PKnfO8 ;fOG; Pgflnl;; -cfO=P=P;=P=_df ;f] OlG:6Ro'6 / >L % dx]Gb| k|s[lt ;+/If0fsf]ifsf] k|:t'ltdf ;xefuL xf]OaS;g] sfo{qmd 5 . >L % o'j/fhflw/fh sf]ifsf cWoIf xf]OaS;G5 . >L % o'j/fhflw/fhaf6 k]l/;df >L % dx]Gb| k|s[lt ;+/If0fsf]ifsf] k|m]Gr RofK6/sf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ul/aS;g]5 .
/fli6«o kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] dxflwj]zgdf o:tf] klg eof]
sf7df8f} . /fli6«o kqsf/ dxf;+3 g]kfnsf] k|yd dxflwj]zg xfn} sf7df8f}df ;DkGg eof] . pQm dxfljw]zgdf lg/f]w/fh kf08] cWoIfdf lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf] 5 eg] pxfFsf lgs6td k|lt4G4L /fdk|:ffb vgfn x'g'x'GYof] . cWoIfdf uf]kfn sf]O/fnf / ejfgL zdf{n] klg pDd]bjf/L lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
To;}u/L, pkfWoIfdf ljifouttkm{af6 ;u'g nfjtL Pzf]l;P6tkm{af6 h;'bf k|wfg / ;fwf/0ftkm{af6 df]xg >]i7 ljhoL x'g'eof] . nfjtL lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'eof] eg] h;'bf k|wfg;Fu /fhg sfsL{n] k|lt:kwf{ ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] df]xg >]i7;Fu lji0f' k|;fO{ k|lt:kwf{df ;fd]n x'g'x'GYof] . d'n'skIfLo k]zfut kqsf/x?sf] 5ftf ;+u7g /fli6«o kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] dxf;lrjdf s'df/ ofq' lgjf{lrt x'g'eof] . ofq';Fu OGb| l/hfnn] k|lt:kwf{ ug'{ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L ;lrjdf df]xg 9'+u]n, c~hgf /fjn zfx / /fdxl/ rf}nfufO{ lgjf{lrt x'g'eof] . sf]iffWoIfdf s0f{k|v/ lwtfn lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'eof] . dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox?df /ljg rflDnË l/hfnn] k|lt:kwf{ ug'{ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L ;lrjdf df]xg 9'+u]n, c~hgf /fjn zfx / /fdxl/ rf}nfufO{ lgjf{lrt x'g'eof] . sf]iffWoIfdf s0f{k|v/ lwtfn lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'eof] . dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox?df /ljg rflDnË, /fddl0f kf}8]n, sljGb| z]df{ / d}of vgfn lgjf{lrt x'g'eof] . dxf;+3sf] k|yd k"0f{ a}7sn] hLj/fd e08f/LnfO{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:odf dgf]lgt u/]sf] 5 eg] afFsL tLghgf k'gM If]qLo / hftLo cfwf/df ;Gt'ng sfod u/L dgf]gLt ul/g] dxf;+3n] hgfPsf] 5 . dxf;+3sf] ;+3Lo ljwfg cg';f/ !$ c~rnsf !$ ;+of]hssf] ;d]t k|lt:kwf{ / lglj{/f]w;d]t u/L rog u/]sf] 5 . lgjf{rg kl/0ffd 3f]if0ff eP nuQ} cWoIf kbsf k|Tof;L Pj+ ;+:yfks dxf;lrj /fdk|;fb vgfn / dxf;lrj kbsf k|Tof;L Pj+ ;+:yfks sf]iffWoIf OGb| l/hfnn] dxf;+3sf] sfof{nodf uO{ gjlgjf{lrt kbflwsf/L Pj+ ;b:ox?nfO{ awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{ef/ x:tfGt/0f ug'{eof] . vgfnn] dxf;+3sf] dxflwj]zgdf h] h:tf sdL sdhf]/L Pj+ q'l6x? /x]tf klg lgjf{rg kl/0ffd :jLsf/ ub}{ dxf;+3 ca dxf;+3 h:tf] ag]/ cufl8 a9\g ;sf]; elg gjlgjf{lrt sfo{;ldltnfO{ z'esfdgf lbg' ePsf] lyof] . dxf;+3n] cfOtaf/ g} ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ /fHodGqL >LzzDz]/ /f0ffnfO{ e]6L kqsf/x?sf ;d:of / tTsfn rfNg'kg]{ sbdsf] af/] cjut u/fpFb} dfukq k|:t't u¥of] .
o;}aLr /fli6«o kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] dxflwj]zgdf dxf;+3sf] ljwfg alv{nfkm uO{ /fk|kfsf sfo{stf{n] Jofks wfFwnL u/]sf] cf/f]k nufpFb} tTsfn ab/sf nflu z'qmaf/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf l/6 lgj]bg bfo/ ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 . ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno, /fHodGqL, /fli6«o kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] jt{dfg sfo{;ldlt, dxf;+3sf] tTsfnLg s]Gb|Lo tby{ ;ldlt / lgjf{rg ;ldltsf] sfof{no lj?4 Pzf]l;P6 ;b:o >L/fd l;+v8f, a}s'07 e08f/L / /fdrGb| a:g]tåf/f l/6 bfo/ ePsf] xf] . dxf;+3sf] r'gfjnfO{ ;QfkIfLo /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{ -yfkf_ sf] Snasf ?kdf kl/0ft ub}{ k};fsf] andf wfFwnL nflbPsf] l/6 lgj]bg stf{x?sf] bfjL 5 . dxf;+3sf] ut @% / @^, kmfu'g @)^@ df ;DkGg lgjf{rg dxf;+3sf] ljwfg @)^@ sf] alv{nfkm / lgjf{rgsf] l:yflkt d'No dfGotf ljkl/t uO{ ;Qfsf] cf8df Psnf}6L kfl/Psf] cf/f]k nufO{Psf] 5 . lgj]bsx?n] ;+ljwfg tyf sfg"gåf/f k|bQ lgjf{rgdf efu lng], pDd]bjf/ x'g], dt lbg], lgjf{rgsf] lgikIftfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L kfpg] nufot df}lns xsx? Vff]l;Psf] bfjL u/]sf 5g\ . lgj]bsn] g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& sf] wf/f **-@_ tyf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL @)$( sf] lgod @%, $), $! cg'?k xs sfod u/fpg dfu u/]sf 5g\ . pkrf/sf] cGo af6f]sf] cefjdf afWo eO{ ;jf]{Rrdf uPsf] pgLx?sf] egfO{ 5 . dxf;+3sf] tby{ ;ldltn] ljwfgsf] bkmf !* -!_ cg';f/ ;fwf/0f;efsf] dxflwj]zgsf] ;"rgf, a}7s a:g] :yfg / ;do tf]sL #) lbg cufj} ;"rgf lbg' kg]{df t]x| lbg] ;"rgf hf/L u/L ;b:ox?nfO{ dtbfg ug{af6 al~rt ul/Psf], lgjf{rgsf] dfGo l;4fGt adf]lhd lgjf{rgdf dtbftf ePsf] JolQmnfO{ lgjf{rg ;ldltdf /fVg gkfOg]df lgod ldr]sf] bfjL ul/Psf] 5 .
To;}u/L ;ldltn] Plsg dtbftf ;"rL k|sflzt gu/]sf], bfjL lj/f]wsf] cj;/ glbPsf], Joj;foLs kqsf/ ;d]t gePsf JolQmnfO{ dtbftf ;"rLdf ;dfj]z u/L Joj;foLs kqsf/x?sf] xsnfO{ s'l07t u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . lgj]bsn] alb{of lhNnfsf] pbfx/0f k]z ub}{ s'n ;b:o ;+Vof @& dWo] ljwfgtM @) k|ltzt -% hgf_ cfpg'kg]{df rfnL; k|ltzt -!) hgf_ sf] gfd dtbftf ;"rLdf ;dfj]z u/L q'6Lk"0f{ gfdfjnL k|sflzt u/]sf] k|Zg uDeL/ ?kn] p7fOPsf] 5 . o;}u/L Pzf]l;o6 tkm{sf ;b:o lji0f's'df/ k|;fO{nfO{ ljwfg alv{nfkm ;fwf/0f tkm{sf] pkfWoIfdf k|lt:kwf{ u/fPsf], lgjf{rg ;ldltsf] sfof{non] pDd]bjf/sf] tkm{af6 lgjf{rg k|ltlglw;Dd /fVg glbPsf], dtkq / dtk]6Lsfsf] d'r'Nsf gu/L gu/fO{ dt k]l6sf ;fl6Psf] ;d]t z+sf p7]sf] nufot bh{gf} k|Zg p7fpFb} d'2fsf] 6'+uf] gnfu];Dd cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;jf]{Rr ;dIf dfu ul/Psf] 5 . o;}u/L l/6 lgj]bs >L/fd l;+v8f, a}s'07 e07f/L / /fdrGb| a:g]tn] zlgjf/ Ps k|]z lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfnoaf6 dxflwj]zgsf nflu rf/ nfv (% xhf/ pknAw u/fPsf] / uf]i7L, tfnLd ;+rfng ug]{ axfgfdf nfvf} ?k}of pknAw u/fpg yfn]sf] bfjL ;lxt /fHosf]ifsf] /sd b'?kof]u x'gaf6 /f]Sg ;jf]{Rrdf l/6 xflnPsf] atfPsf 5g\ . u[xdGqL Pj+ ;~rf/dGqLn] ;/sf/L kqsf/x?nfO{ pbL{ hf/L u/L ;/sf/ kIfLo pDd]bjf/nfO{ lhtfpg lgs[i6 e"ldsf v]n /fHosf]if / ;+oGqsf] r/d b'?kof]u u/]sf] klg pgLx?sf] cf/f]k 5 . dxf;+3sf] jt{dfg @& ;b:oLo sfo{ ;ldltdf cWoIf lg/f]w/fh kf08] jf:tljs / :jtGq kqsf/, pkfWoIf h;'bf k|wfg lkk'N; l/Eo"sf] k|aGw ;Dkfbs Pj+ ;dtf kf6L{sf] pkfWoIf -/flhgfdf lbPsf] t/ :jLs[t gePsf] eGg] hfgsf/L k|fKt_ / afFsL klRr; hgf ;a} /fk|kfsf sfo{stf{ ePsf] lgj]bs Pj+ c;Gt'i6 kIfsf] bfjL 5 . c;Gt'i6 kIf eG5–…@& ;b:oLo sfo{ ;ldltdf @% hgf /fk|kfsf sfo{stf{ ePkl5 Tof] sfo{;ldlt pQm kf6L{sf] eft[ ;+u7g geP/ s] x'G5 <Ú pgLx?sf] cem cfqmf]z 5 …/fk|kfsf sfo{stf{ b]lv ljleGg sfof{nosf lkog;Dd / kmlh{ dt ;d]t v;fn]/ o:tf] kl/0ffd cfPsf] xf] .Ú
otf gjlgjf{lrt cWoIf lg/f]w/fh kf08]n] dxf;+3nfO{ dxf;+3 h:tf] agfP/ n}hfg cfk"m b[9 /x]sf] bfjL ug'{ePsf] 5 . :d/0f/xf]; cbfntdf k/]sf] pQm d'2fsf] k]zL lxhf] lyof] t/ d'2f ;'g'jfO{sf qmddf lxhf] g;lsPsfn] ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] k]zL b'O{ lbg k/ ;f/]sf] lgj]bsx?n] kqsf/x?nfO{ atfPsf 5g\ .
Pp6} sfo{qmddf tLg dGqLsf] efif0f
sf7df8f} . pBf]u afl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqL a'l4dfg tfdfªn] df3 !( sf] sbdnfO{ ;fy{s agfpg' hgk|ltlglwx?sf] bfloTj ePsf] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
sLlt{k'/ gu/kflnsfn] xfn} sLlt{k'/df cfof]hgf u/]sf] :jfut sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ dGqL tdfªn] gu/ lgjf{rgdf sLlt{k'/jf;Ln] b]vfPsf] ;fxf;sf] ;/fxgf ub}{ bL3{sfnLg of]hgfsf ;fy hgtfsf] sfddf nfUg hgk|ltlglwx?nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg'eof] . pxfFn] lgjf{rg alx:sf/ u/]/ / zflGt jftf{df gcfP/ /fhg}lts bnx?n] b]z / hgtfsf nflu 3ft u/]sf] atfpg' eof] . ;fy} pxfFn] s'g} klg pkef]Uo a:t'sf] cefj gxf]; eg]/ ;/sf/n] cfk"lt{ Joj:yf ldnfPsf] klg atfpg' eof] . pxfFn] s[ltd cefj b]vfO{ tn dfly ug{ vf]Hg] Joj;foLnfO{ sfjf{xL ul/g] klg pNn]v ug'{ eof] . ;f]xL sfo{qmddf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqL 6+s 9sfnn] lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwnfO{ x/]s hgtfsf] 3/ b}nf]df k'uL hgtfsf] ;d:of a'emL sfo{ ug{ lgb]{zg lbg' eof] . ;ft /fhg}lts bnn] u/]sf] cfGbf]ngsf] s'g} nIo / lbzf 5}g eGb} dGqL 9sfnn] s;}sf] 8/ / qf;df gkg{ ;a}nfO{ cfu|x ug'{eof] . :yfgLo ljsf; ;xfos dGqL /f]zg sfsL{n] lgjf{rgdf dt dfUbf u/]sf] afrfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbP/ sfo{ ug{ lgb]{zg lbg'eof] . sf7df8f}+ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf ;efklt laqmd axfb'/ yfkfn] ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug{ ;/sf/;Fu dfu ub}{ cfk"mx?n] OdfGbf/ eP/ hgtfsf] sfd ug]{ atfpg' eof] . sLlt{k'/ gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v w'|j dxh{gn] gu/kflnsfsf] ejg lgdf{0f, c:ktfn lgdf{0f / vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf ug'{ cfˆgf] klxnf] k|fyldstf ePsf] atfpg' eof] .
u[x dGqfnosf] csf]{ cfXjfg
sf7df8f} . >L % sf] ;/sf/n] cftª\ssf/L lqmofsnfk kl/Tofu u/L ;fdfGo hLjgofkg ugf{sf nflu cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ cjlw @)^# ;fn h]7 d;fGt;Dd yk u/]sf] x'Fbf ;f] cjlwleq cfTd;dk{0f ug{ u[x dGqfnon] cfXjfg u/]sf] 5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/n] xfn} ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] xTof, lx+;f / cftª\s h:tf cftª\ssf/L lqmofsnfk kl/Tofu u/L ;fdfGo hLjgofkg ug{ rfxg] JolQmx¿nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg cfTd;dk{0f tyf k'g:yfkgf;DaGwL gLltcg'¿k cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ JolQmx¿nfO{ ljutdf u/]sf] lx+;fTds lqmofsnfkaf6 pTkGg sfg'gL sf/afxLaf6 d'Qm u/fpg cfjZos kxn x'g] / cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ cftª\ssf/L ;d"xsf] pRr:t/sf JolQmx¿nfO{ ¿= bz nfv;Dd cfly{s ;xof]u k|bfg ul/g] dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 . cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ JolQmx¿nfO{ j}b]lzs /f]huf/ / :j/f]huf/nfO{ C0f tyf cg'bfg / ;Lk ljsf;;DaGwL tflnd k|bfg u/L cfly{s ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ pko'Qm tyf kof{Kt cj;/x¿ klg pknAw u/fOg] gLltdf pNn]v 5 . u[x dGqfnosf cg';f/ xftxltof/;lxt cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ JolQmx¿nfO{ k"0f{ ;'/Iff k|bfg ugf{sf ;fy} ljleGg xltof/afkt ¿= kfFr nfvb]lv ¿= kfFr ;o;Ddsf] cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw u/fOg] 5 . cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ JolQmx¿n] JolQmut Pj+ ;fd"lxs ¿kdf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfof{nox¿, u[x dGqfno tyf /Iff dGqfno, zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L ansf] ;'/Iff lzlj/x¿, c:yfoL ¿kdf v8f ul/Psf] ck/];g lzlj/, If]qLo k|zf;g sfof{no, c~rn k|zf;g sfof{no, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no / 3'DtL ;]jf ;~rfng;DaGwL lzlj/x¿df cfTd;dk{0f ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 .
/fhfaf6 k'/:sf/ ljt/0f
sf7df8f} . >L % dxf/fhflw/fh 1fg]Gb| aL/laqmd zfxb]jaf6 g]kfn /fhsLo lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|1fk|lti7fg -/f]gfi6_ åf/f :yflkt k'/:sf/x? xfn} sf7df8f}+df cfof]lht ljz]if ;df/f]xdf ljleGg a}1flgs Pj+ k|fljlws tyf ;+3–;+:yfx?nfO{ k|bfg ul/aS:of] .
>L % dxf/fhflw/fhaf6 …>L % 1fg]Gb| k|s[lt ;+/If0f k'/:sf/Ú lrtjgsf] afudf/f ;fd'bflos jg Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ k|bfg ul/aS:of] .
;f] ;ldltn] ;fd'bflos ag Joj:yfkg dfkm{t\ h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f tyf aftfj/0fLo ko{6gsf] k|j4{g u/L bLuf] ljsf;df ;3fp k'¥ofO{ cg's/0fLo pbfx/0f k|:t't u/] jfkt ! nfv ?k}ofF /fzLsf] pQm k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sf] xf] .
>L % dxf/fhflw/fh af6 >L % o'j/fhflw/fh o'jf lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k'/:sf/ kfFr hgf a}1flgs Pj+ k|fljlwsnfO{ k|bfg ul/aS:of] .
hgxL #) xhf/ ?k}ofF /fzLsf] k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug'{x'g]x?df zxLb u+ufnfn /fli6«o x[bo s]Gb|sf sG;N6\ofG6 sfl8of]nf]lhi6 8f= dgaxfb'/ s]=;L= hn tyf df};d lj1fg ljefusL d]6]l/of]nlhi6 ;'>L cr{gf >]i7, lqe'jg ljZj ljBfno OlGhlgol/ª cWoog ;+:yfgsf sDKo"6/ OlGhlgo/ 8f= ;'j0f{ zfSo, sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfno lj1fg ;+sfosf kmdf{l;:6 8f= ;ˆkmf/ d+;'/ tyf /fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\sf] df6f] a}1flgs 8f= h'gsdn t'nfw/ x'g'x'G5 .
df};"kmaf6 k|1f–k|+lti7fg lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|aw{g k'/:sf/ @ hgfnfO{ / t];|f] ljZj lj1fg k|1f– k|lti7fg k'/:sf/ $ hgfnfO{ k|bfg ul/aS:of] .
hgxL @) xhf/ ?k}ofFsf] k|1f–k|lti7fg lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|a4{g k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug]{df nlntk'/sf] e§]8fF8f sGh/e];g /f]k–j] tyf al/i7 kqsf/ e}/a l/;fn x'g'x'G5 .
o;}u/L hgxL #% xhf/ ?k}ofF /fzLsf] t];|f] ljZj lj1fg k|1f k|lti7fg k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug'{x'g]x?df lqe'jg ljZjljBfno, ef}lts zf:q s]Gb|Lo ljefusf 8f= ljlgn cof{n, ul0ft s]Gb|Lo ljefusf 8f= dx]Gb| k|;fb kGyL, k[YjL gf/fo0f SofDk; kf]v/fsf 8f= cSsn b]j ld> tyf lxdfnog g]r/sf 8f= x]d;fu/ a/fn x'g'x'G5 .
>L % a8fdxf/fgL sf]dn /fHonIdL b]jL zfx ;df/f]xdf ;d'kl:yt xf]OaS;GYof] .
o;cl3, >L % dxf/fhflw/fh tyf >L % j8fdxf/fgL ;df/f]x:yn ;jf/L xf]OaS;Fbf df};"kmx?sf h'gfkmdf /f]gfi6sf] s'nkltsf] ;d]t sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg'ePsf dlGq kl/ifb\sf pkfWoIf 8f= t'n;L lu/L, ;xs'nklt Pj+ jftfj/0f, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqL k|sfz sf]O/fnf, ;xfosdGqL k|tfk/fd nf]xf/, /f]gfi6sf pks'nklt k|f=8f= bofgGb ah|frfo{ nufotsf ljlzi6 dxfg'efjx?n] :jfut clejfbg r9fpg' ePsf] lyof] .
;df/f]xdf dlGqkl/ifb\sf pkfWoIf 8f= t'n;L lu/Ln] b]zdf lj1fg / k|ljlwsf If]qdf x'g] cWoog–cg';Gwfg u|fdL0f hgtfsf] cfjZostf kl/k"lt{ ug]{tkm{ pGd'v x'g'kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
pkfWoIf 8f= lu/Ln] >L % sf] ;/sf/ lj1fg–k|ljlwsf] ljsf;sf nflu pko'Qm jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ k|lta4tfsf ;fy lqmofzLn /x]sf] atfpg' eof] .
/f]gfi6sf pks'nklt k|f=8f= bofgGb ah|frfo{n] xfn b]zdf pRr :t/Lo lj1fg k|ljlw hgzlQmsf] ;+Vof s/La @* xhf/ k'lu;s]sf] atfpg' eof] .
ljBfnonfO{ ;]jf d'vL agfpg dGqLsf] hf]8
sf7df8f} . lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqL /fwfs[i0f d}gfnLn] lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfdf lzIff If]qdf w]/} ljsf; ePklg sdLsdhf]/Lx? klg plQs} ePsf]n] To;sf] ;'wf/df jt{dfg ;/sf/ k|of;/t /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . z}lIfs ljsf;df ;d'bfo / ;fd'bflos ljsf;df lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] e"ldsf ljifos xfn} sf7df8f}+df cfof]lht uf]i7Ldf lzIffdGqL d}gfnLn] ;+:yfut ljBfnox?nfO{ a9L ;]jfd'vL agfpg ;/sf/n] xfn} cWofb]z NofPsf] atfpg' eof] . pxfFn], lghL ljBfnox?dfly nfUg] u/]sf] d'gfkmfd'vLsf] cf/f]knfO{ :jo+ ljBfnox?n] cfk"mnfO{ ;]jfd'vL / ;dfhk|lt pQ/bfoL agfP/ d]6\g;Sg' k5{ eGb} ;/sf/n] To;sf lglDt ;xof]u ug]{ atfpg'eof] . ;f] uf]i7Ldf g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fgsf pks'nklt k|fWofks 8f= af;'b]j lqkf7L lzIffljb\, dgk|;fb jfUn], leP; lgs]tgsf ;+:yfks lk|lG;kn 8f= afa'/fd kf]v/]n, k|f=8f= af;'b]j sfˆn] nufotsf aQmfn] z}lIfs ;+:yfx? ;dfhk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] . ;fd'bflos ljsf; tyf ;]jf ;ldlt sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf #$ gDa/ j8fsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfno tyf sn]hx? / ;fd'bflos k|x/L ;]jf gofF afg]Zj/sf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] ;f] uf]7Lsf] p2]Zo ;d'bfo / lzIf0f ;+:yfx?aLrsf] ;DaGw ;'dw'/ / ;dGjofTds agfpg' /x]sf] 5 .
!$ ;'/IffsdL{ / ! dfcf]jfbLsf] d[To'
sfe|]knf~rf]s . lxhf] ;j{;fwf/0fx?n] pkef]u ub}{ cfO/x]sf] sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf]] bfKrf bf/]uf}8fl:yt vfg]kfgLsf] d'xfg /fHoåf/f cft+ssf/L 3f]lift dfcf]jfbLn] aGb u/]sf]df ;'/Iffkmf}hn] pQm d'xfg vf]Ng hfg] qmddf cfh ldlt @)^@ r}q & ut]sf] laxfg )%M$) ah]b]vL )&M!% ah];Dd bfKrf Onfsfdf ;'/Iffkmf}h / ;z:q cft+ssf/L aLr bf]xf]/f] le8Gt ePsf] 5 . pQm le8Gt kZrft ;'/Iffkmf}hn] 36gf:yn j/k/ vf]htnf;sf] sf/jfxL ubf{ xfn;Dd ! hgf cft+ssf/Lsf] nfz km]nf kf/]sf] 5 . ;fy} :yfgLo afl;Gbf tyf k|ToIfbzL{x?sf cg';f/ ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] sf/jfxLaf6 7"nf] ;+Vofdf xtfxt ePsf cft+ssf/Lx?nfO{ pgLx?n] ;fyd} af]s]/ nu]sf] s'/f ;d]t a'lemg cfPsf] 5 . xfn pQm Onfsfdf ;'/Iffkmf}hn] vf]htnf;sf] sf/jfxL hf/L /fv]sf] 5 . pQm bf]xf]/f] le8Gtsf] qmddf zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf !$ hgfn] jL/ult k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . o;}aLr ldlt @)^@ r}q @ ut] hfh/sf]6 lhNnfsf] khf? uf=lj=;=sf] ?uf Onfsf lgjf;L cft+ssf/L ;d"xsf slyt j8f hg;/sf/ k|d'v honfn lu/Ln] cfˆg} 3/df ad agfO{ /x]sf] cj:yfdf pQm ad ljikmf]6 x'Fbf lghsf] 36gf:yndf g} d[To' ePsf] 5 . otf ldlt @)^@ r}q ^ ut] tgxF' lhNnfsf] k[YjL /fhdfu{ cGt/ut kg]{ j]n eGHofË ;8s v08df @ j6f b'wsf] 6\ofÍs/nfO{ cft+ssf/Lx?n] OGwg 6\ofÍLdf uf]]nL k|xf/ u/L cfuf] nufO{ lbPsf 5g\ .
o;}u/L ldlt @)^@ r}q ^ ut] cft+ssf/Lx?n] sf:sL lhNnfsf] n]vgfy gu/kflnsfl:yt Hofld/s'gfdf lrof k;n u/L a:g] gf/fo0f ltdN;LgfnfO{ ckx/0f u/L c1ft:yntkm{ nu]sf 5g\ . o;} u/L ldlt @)^@ r}q $ ut] cft+ssf/Lx?n] 8f]6L lhNnfsf] ;fgfufpF Onfsf lgjf;L ;Ltf v8\sfnfO{ ckx/0f u/L c1ft:yntkm{ nu]sf 5g\ .
>L % af6 ;z:q k|x/L ansf] >L % 1fg]Gb| c:ktfn ;d'b\3f6g
sf7df8f} . >L % dxf/fhflw/fh 1fg]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfxb]j ;/sf/sf a/b afx'nLaf6 ;z:q k|x/L ansf] gjlgld{t >L % 1fg]Gb| c:ktfnsf] lxhf] cfof]lht Ps ljz]if ;df/f]xaLr ;d'b\3f6g ul/aS:of] . pQm ljz]if ;df/f]xdf >L % a8fdxf/fgL sf]dn /fHonIdLb]jL zfxb]j ;/sf/sf] ;d'kl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . >L % dxf/fhflw/fh ;/sf/ tyf >L % a8fdxf/fgL ;/sf/af6 gjlgld{t c:ktfn ejgsf] cle?rLk"j{s lg/Lif0f Pj+ cjnf]sg ul/aS:of] .
>L % dxf/fhflw/fh ;/sf/ tyf >L % a8fdxf/fgL ;/sf/ c:ktfn kl/;/df ;jf/L xf]OaS;bf ;z:q k|x/L dxflg/LIfs ;xjL/ yfkf tyf ;z:q k|x/L kl/jf/ dlxnf ;+3sL cWoIf >LdtL sNkgf yfkfn] df};'km ;/sf/x?sf h'gfkmdf :jfut clejfbg 6qm\ofpg' ePsf] lyof] . df};'km ;/sf/sf ;Ddfgdf ;z:q k|x/L ansf] Ps 6's'8Ln] ;Ddfg uf/b ck{0f u/]sf] lyof] .
pQm cj;/df u[xdGqL sdn yfkfn] ljut s]xL jif{otf ;+ul7t ck/fw Pj+ cft+sjfbsf sf/0f ;+j]bgzLn aGg k'u]sf] d'n'ssf] zflGt ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf / ;fj{ef}d;Qf, /fli6«otf / /fli6«o cv08tfdfly vnn k'Ug] ultljlwsf] lgoGq0f u/L ;dfhdf zflGt ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt u/fpg] p2]Zosf;fy :yfkgf ePsf] ;z:q k|x/L ann] cfOkg]{ ljleGg r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ub}{ 5f]6f] ;dod} ;kmntf k|fKt ug'{ k|z+;gLo ljifo ePsf] atfpg'eof] .
To;cj;/df u[xdGqL yfkfn] sfg"gL /fHosf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cfTd;fy ub}{ dfgjclwsf/ ;+/If0fdf k|lta4 ;z:q k|x/L ann] /fHon] ;'lDkPsf] bfloTj lgikIf 9+uaf6 ;DkGg u/L /fi6«jf;Lsf] zflGt / ljsf;sf] rfxgfnfO{ k'/f ug{ pNn]vgLo e"ldsf v]n]sf] rrf{ ug'{x'Fb} ;'/Iff ;+u7gx?sf] pRr dgf]an /fVg cfjZos kg]{ sNof0fsf/L of]hgf th'{df ug{ / ;]jfd'ns sfo{qmdx? Nffu" ug{ >L % sf] ;/sf/ cfkm\gf] e"ldsfdf Hofb} ;+j]bgzLn /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] .
;z:q k|x/L dxflg/LIfs ;xjL/ yfkfn] df};'km ;/sf/sf a/b afx'nLaf6 gjlgld{t c:ktfnsf] ;d'b\3f6g ul/aS;g cl;d lgufxaS; ePsf] o; P]ltxfl;s Pj+ ul/dfdo 38Ldf ;z:q k|x/L ansf ;Dk"0f{ /fi6«;]jsx?sf] dgf]an pRr ePsf] 5 eGg'x'Fb} h:tf];'s} kl/l:yltdf klg /fh;+:yfsf] cg'kd 5xf/Ldf ;+u7g /fli6«o cv08tf, /fli6«otf, /fli6«o Pstf / zflGt ;'/Iffy{ clek|]l/t eO{/xg] atfpg'eof] .
pxfFn] d's'6, d'n's / d'n'sLsf] ;]jfdf cxf]/fq ;dlk{t ;z:q k|x/L an cGo ;'/Iff lgsfox?;Fu sfFwdf sfFw ldnfP/ ;zQm 9+uaf6 zflGt ;'/Iffsf] cdgrog sfod /fVg cfk\mgf] st{Jokydf tNnLg /x]sf] pNn]v ug'{x'Fb} cft+sjfb lj?4 ;zQm k|ltsf/fTds sf/jfxLdf xd]zf cGt/f{li6«o lgodsfg"gsf] dfkb08leq /xL dfgjLo ;+j]bgfsf] pRr sb/ ub}{ cbDo ;fx;, pRr /0fsf}zn / b[9;+sNksf ;fy /fHon] ;'lDkPsf] lhDd]jf/L k'/f ug{ sl6a4 /x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
;z:q k|x/L ansf /fi6«;]js sd{rf/L / pgLx?sf cfl>t kl/jf/hg Pj+ ;GttLx?df ;/n / ;'ne ?kdf pkrf/ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ ;+u7gsf] gLlt cg';f/ sf7df8f}sf] anDa' uflj;l:yt &% /f]kgL If]qkmndf !!) z}ofsf] pRr:t/Lo ef}lts ;'ljwf ;DkGg c:ktfn ejgsf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] pNn]v ug'{x'Fb} ;z:q k|x/L dxflg/LIfs ;xjL/ yfkfn] /fli6«o cg';Gwfg ljefu / :yfgLo ;j{;fwf/0fx?sf nflu kfFr kfFr z}of cf/lIft ul/Psf] To;cj;/df hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
;z:q k|x/L ann] o; c:ktfnnfO{ !) dlxgfsf] cjlwdf k'/f u/L pkrf/ ;]jf ;+rfng u/]sf] tYo >L % sf] ;/sf/ cy{dGqfnosf] cw{jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf pNn]vgLo pknAwL / cg's/0fLo /x]sf] s'/f ;fj{hlgs ePsf] pxfFn] atfpg'eof] .
Go"gtd lrlsT;s;lxtsf] hgzlQmåf/f @)%* ;fn kmfu'g @ ut]af6 ;z:q k|x/L an k|wfg sfof{no kl/;/df d]l8sn zfvfsf] :yfkgf ul/ pkrf/ ;]jf k|f/De ul/ @)^) ;fn kf}if !$ ut] ;z:q k|x/L an c:ktfnsf] ?kdf ;+rfng ul/Psf] o; c:ktfnnfO{ @)^@ ;fn kf}if @^ ut] >L % 1fg]Gb| c:ktfnsf] ?kdf :jLs[tL k|fKt ePsf] o; c:ktfndf xfn @! hgf lrlsT;sx? sfo{/t 5g\ .
@)^! ;fn cfiff9 @* ut]af6 pQm :yfgdf hUuf clwu|x0f ul/ lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ul/Psf] slDtdf & /]S6/ :s]n;Ddsf] e'sDk k|lt/f]ws Ifdtf ePsf] tLg tn] c:ktfn ejg, ;8s, d]gu]6, sDkfp08, Nof08:sflkª nufotsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ s"n !^ s/f]8 *^ nfv # ;o ^@ ?k}ofF lq;¶L k};fsf] nfutdf ;DkGg ePsf] xf] .
bIf Pj+ cg'ejL lrlsT;sx?af6 pkrf/ ;]jf k|bfg ul/g] pQm c:ktfndf hg/n d]l8l;g, hg/n ;h{/L, cyf]{k]l8s, lkmlhof]y]/fkL, :qL /f]u, /]l8of]nf]hL, OPg6L ;]jf, bGt ;]jf, Pg]:y]l;of, Kofyf]nf]hL, @ j6f zNolqmof sIf, cfO{=l;=o"=, l;=l;=o"= alx/+u / 6«fpdf ;]jfsf] ;d]t Joj:yf ul/Psf] ;df/f]xdf hfgsf/L lbOof] .
pQm lj]zif ;df/f]xdf k|wfg Gofoflwz, ;efd'v, /fhkl/ifb :yfoL ;ldltsf ;efklt, dGqLkl/ifbsf pkfWoIf4o, dGqLu0f, ljb]zL s'6g}lts lgof]usf k|d'vx?, ;+j}wflgs c+usf k|d'vx?, >L % sf] ;/sf/sf pRr kb:y clwsf/Lx?, zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L an / g]kfn k|x/Lsf pRr clws[tx? nufot cfdlGqt cGo cltly dxfg'efjx?sf] ;d]t pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
ljBfnonfO{ ;]jf d'vL agfpg dGqLsf] hf]8
sf7df8f} . lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqL /fwfs[i0f d}gfnLn] lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfdf lzIff If]qdf w]/} ljsf; ePklg sdLsdhf]/Lx? klg plQs} ePsf]n] To;sf] ;'wf/df jt{dfg ;/sf/ k|of;/t /x]sf] atfpg' eof] .
z}lIfs ljsf;df ;d'bfo / ;fd'bflos ljsf;df lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] e"ldsf ljifos xfn} sf7df8f}+df cfof]lht uf]i7Ldf lzIffdGqL d}gfnLn] ;+:yfut ljBfnox?nfO{ a9L ;]jfd'vL agfpg ;/sf/n] xfn} cWofb]z NofPsf] atfpg' eof] .
pxfFn], lghL ljBfnox?dfly nfUg] u/]sf] d'gfkmfd'vLsf] cf/f]knfO{ :jo+ ljBfnox?n] cfk"mnfO{ ;]jfd'vL / ;dfhk|lt pQ/bfoL agfP/ d]6\g;Sg' k5{ eGb} ;/sf/n] To;sf lglDt ;xof]u ug]{ atfpg'eof] .
;f] uf]i7Ldf g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fgsf pks'nklt k|fWofks 8f= af;'b]j lqkf7L lzIffljb\, dgk|;fb jfUn], leP; lgs]tgsf ;+:yfks lk|lG;kn 8f= afa'/fd kf]v/]n, k|f=8f= af;'b]j sfˆn] nufotsf aQmfn] z}lIfs ;+:yfx? ;dfhk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] .
;fd'bflos ljsf; tyf ;]jf ;ldlt sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf #$ gDa/ j8fsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfno tyf sn]hx? / ;fd'bflos k|x/L ;]jf gofF afg]Zj/sf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] ;f] uf]7Lsf] p2]Zo ;d'bfo / lzIf0f ;+:yfx?aLrsf] ;DaGw ;'dw'/ / ;dGjofTds agfpg' /x]sf] 5 .
a8{ˆn" lj?4 lrs]g k]mli6jn
sf7df8f} . j8{ˆn"sf] jf/]df d'n'sdf k}mlnPsf] e|d x6fO{ s'v'/f kfng Joj;fosf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug]{ p2]Zon] xfn} sf7df8f}+df s'v'/fsf] df;' c08f ;DjGwL dxf]T;jsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] .
xfn d'nse/ s/Lj ^ nfv hgfn] s'v'/f Joj;fodf ck|To]If /f]huf/L kfPsf 5g\ eg] s'v'/fsf] df;' / c08fsf] jflif{s s/Lj @) cj{sf] sf/f]jf/ x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
s'v'/fsf] df;' / c08fdf b]z cfTdlge{/ ePsf] / d'n'sdf k|ltlbg 8]9 nfv s]=hL df;' / !) nfv uf]6f c08f vkt x'g] u/]sf] jtfOPsf] 5 .
>L % sf] ;/sf/ –sfo{bn u7g
sf7df8f} . >L % sf] ;/sf/n] j[xQ/ hgsk'/ If]q leqsf kf}/fl0fs Pj+ P]ltxfl;s/ dxTjdf kf]v/L dlGb/ tyf /fhu'7L hUufx?sf] ;+/If0f ;Dj4{g / Joj:yfkg ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
;/sf/åf/f ul7t pRr:t/Lo sfo{bnn] kz] u/]sf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]lvt ;'emfjx?nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ qmddf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] xfn}sf] j}7sn] ;f] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] .
o;}qmddf ;/sf/n] kf]v/Lx?sf] cltqmd0f x6fO{ kf]v/Lx?nfO{ ;fljssf] df}lns ?k / cfsf/df kl/0ft ug]{ ;/;kmfO{ ul/ k|b'if0f d'Qm u/fpg] nufot kf]v/Lx?sf] of]hgfj4 ljsf; ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
o;}u/L pRr:t/Lo sfo{bnsf] ;'emfj cg';f/ /fd dlGb/ hfgsL dlGb/ nufotsf 7'nf Pj+ ;fgf dlGb/x?sf] ;+/If0f ;Djb{g Pj+ Joj:yfkg ul/g] 5 eg] u'7L hUufsf] cltqmd0f x6fpg] u'7Lsf] hUufsf] ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg ug]{,u'7Lsf] /sd gltg]{nfO{ sfg"gL sf/jfxL ug]{ nufotsf sfo{x? ;/sf/n] ug]{ e'ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 .
dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf] syg
nlntk'/ . j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] l:ylt kQf nufpg /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] ljz]if sfo{qmdsf ;fy ;lqmo ¿kdf sfd ul//x]sf] 5 .
o;} l;nl;nfdf cfof]usf ;b:o ;'lbk kf7s;lxt clws[tx¿ ;lDdlnt 6f]nL oxL r}t % ut] kf]v/f k|:yfg ug]{5 . ;f] 6f]nLn] a]kQf kl/Psf] egL cfof]usf] If]qLo sfof{no kf]v/fdf k/]sf ph'/Lx¿ / To; ;DaGwdf eO{/x]sf sfd sf/jfxLsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lng]5 . ;f] 6f]nLn] To; If]qdf j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] l:ylt kQf nufpg ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfo / ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;“u ;d]t 5nkmn ug]{5 . j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿s} vf]hLsf qmddf cfof]usf ;b:o;lxtsf] 6f]nL k"jf{~rn, dWoklZrdf~rn / ;'b"/klZrdf~rn ljsf; IF]qx¿df ;d]t hfg] sfo{qmd /x]sf] 5 .
j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] vf]hLsf qmddf cfof]un] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf j]kQf OsfO{df clws[tx¿ yk u/L ;ft hgfnfO{ ljz]if ¿kdf sfo{ ug{ v6fPsf] / lj/f6gu/, kf]v/f, g]kfnu~h tyf wgu9Ll:yt If]qLo sfof{nox¿df 5'§} OsfO{ :yfkgf u/L sfd z'¿ ul/;s]sf] 5 .
cfof]un] o;} l;nl;nfdf >L % sf] ;/sf/ tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf pRrkb:y clwsf/Lx¿;“u 5nkmn / hfgsf/L dfu u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L g]kfnl:yt /fi6«;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/ pRrfof]usf] sfof{no, lkl8tsf kl/jf/x¿, dfgj clwsf/;“+u ;DalGwt /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ nufot ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnx¿;“u klg 5nkmn / e]63f6 ul//x]sf] 5 . ;fy} zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf / k|x/L lx/f;t, y'g'jf s]Gb| tyf sf/fuf/sf] lgoldt cg'udg tyf lgl/If0f / ljleGg lhNnfx¿df :ynut cg';Gwfg÷cg'udg hf/L /fv]sf] 5 .
o;}aLr cfof]un] Ps k|]; lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ eg]sf] 5 æ g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ sf sfo{stf{x¿n] s[lif ljsf; sfof{no cf]vn9'Ëfdf sfo{/t wgaxfb'/ /fgfnfO{ oxL r}t ! ut] sAhfdf lnO{ uPsf] eGg] k|fKt ph'/Lk|lt o; cfof]usf] Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 .
cfof]u g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ dfgj clwsf/ / cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg'gsf] k"0f{ kfngf ug{ tyf sAhfdf lnO{ uPsf sd{rf/L /fgfnfO{ ljgf zt{ tTsfn sAhfd'Qm ug{ cfJxfg ub{5 .Æ
dfgjclwsf/ pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{no eG5
/fHoåf/f a]kQf kfl/Psf gful/ssf kl/jf/ ;dfhåf/f ul/Psf] …l/n] cg;gÚ af/] g] ]kfnl:yt ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo dfgjclwsf/ pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{non] Ps k|]; lj1lKt hf/L ul/ eg]sf] 5 ækmfu'g @ ut] a'wjf/ g]kfnl:yt ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo dfgjclwsf/ pRrfo'Qmsf ;b:ox¿n] /fHoåf/f a]kQf kfl/Psf kl/jf/ ;+3sf k|ltlglwx¿;Fu e]6 u¥of] . ;+3n] a]kQf kfl/Psf cfkmGthgx¿;DaGwL ;fdu|Lsf ;fy} Ps clknkq;d]t xfd|f] sfof{nonfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] lyof]. h]g]efl:yt /fi6«;+3Lo dfgjclwsf/ pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{nodf xfdLn] ;f] ;Gb]z k'¥ofpg] sfof{/De ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . ;f]xL lbg s]xL ;dokl5, a]kQf kfl/Psf gful/ssf kl/jf/ ;dfhaf6 Ps ;d"xsf] ;d]t sfof{nodf pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] . pxfFx¿n] pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{no kl/;/df …l/n] cg;gÚ a:g] hfgsf/L sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ lbg'ePsf] lyof] . ;dfhn] cfkm\gf sfdsf/jfxL pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{nolj?4 gePsf] egL ;'lglZrt u/fPsf] 5 .
a]kQf kfl/Psfx¿sf l:ytLaf/] ;"rgf / Gofo k|flKtsf lglDt a]kQf kfl/Psf gful/ssf kl/jf/;Fu ;xsfo{ ug{ g]kfnl:yt dfgjclwsf/ pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{no k|lta4 5 . dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL pRrfo'Qmsf] xfn} hf/L k|ltj]bgdf klg o; ;jfnnfO{ /fHon] ;+jf]wg ug'{ afFsL /x]sf] Ps cToGt uDeL/ dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL ljifosf ?kdf p7fOPsf] 5 .
pRrfo'Qmsf] g]kfn sfof{non] a]kQf kfl/Psf gful/ssf kl/jf/ ;dfhsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ sfof{no kl/;/leq ef]s x8tfn sfo{qmd cGTo ug{ cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . tyflk, sfof{no kl/;/df ul/g] o; vfnsf k|bz{gx¿nfO{ xfdL :jLsf/ ug{ jf ;xhLs/0f ug{ g;s]klg a]kQf kfl/Psf cfkmGtaf/] ;"rgf / Gofo k|flKtsf lglDt pgLx¿sf] ;+3if{df ;dfh;Fu xfdL lg/Gt/ sfd ul//xg]5f}+ .Æ
/jLGb| >]i7 / dl0f yfkfåf/f k|r08 / afa'/fdnfO{ uDeL/ cf/f]k, dfcf]jfbL k'm6\g yfNof]
sf7df8f} . @)%@ ;fn kmfug' ! ut] b]lv xTof lx+;fsf] /fhgLlt z'? u/]sf] e"ldut dfcf]jfbLleq r/d ljjfb z'? ePsf] 5 . k|r08 / afa'/fd e§/fO{ aLrsf] ljjfb lbNnL / ;ftbnn] ldnfOlbPsf] eGg] rrf{ aflx/ cfO/x]s} a]nf kf6L{sf b'O{ rlr{t xl:t /ljGb| >]i7 / dl0f yfkfn] dfcf]jfbLleq 7"nf] ljb|f]x u/]sf 5g\ . /fHoåf/f cft+ssf/L 3f]lift dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08 / csf{ g]tf 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{ lj?4 h]xfb 5]8\b} /ljGb| >]i7 / dl0f yfkfn] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ 6'qm\ofpg] z'?jft ub}{ gof+ ;d"xsf] lgdf{0f klg u/]sf 5g\ . of] k|s/0fn] ca dfcf]jfbL b'O{6'qmf x'g] lglZrt b]lvPsf] 5 . b'j} kIfn] b'j} kIfnfO{ xb} ;Ddsf] lgs[i6 cf/f]kx? nufpg kl5 k/]sf 5}gg .
o;}aLr /ljGb| >]i7 / dl0f yfkfåf/f k|sflzt lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5 M
æ;xof]4f sd/]8x¿ tyf cfb/0fLo hg;d'bfox¿
!= xfd|f] uf}/jzfnL kf6L g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g]t[Tjdf dxfg\ hgo'4n] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cw{;fdGtL tyf cw{ cf}klgj]lzs ;+/rgfx¿ Wj:t kfb}{ gof“ hgjfbL u0ftflGqs :yfgLo ;Qfx¿sf] lgdf{0f ub}{ ;fDojfbtkm{ nDsg] dxfg\ nIosf] af6f]df ;kmntf;fy kfOnfx¿ rfln/x]sf] 5 . t/, @) cf}+ ztfAbLsf dxfg\ ?;L, lrlgof“, leotgfdL, sf]l/ofnL, So'jfnL qmflGtx¿df h:t} g]kfnL qmflGtsf] g]t[Tjsf/L xfd|f] kf6L{ g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ leq klg qmflGt d'v;Dd / k|ltqmflGt 3f“6L;Ddsf] l:ylt ljsf; x'g yfn]sf] 5 . kf6L{leq ju{ pTyfg -ju{ ktg_ eO{ ;j{xf/f juL{o l:yltaf6 bnfn tyf gf]s/zfxL a'h'{jf ju{ / ;fdGtL o'4 ;/bf/ ju{df kl/jt{g x'g] /f]un] s]jn tnsf ljrlnt s]xL sfo{stf{x¿df dfq xf]Og, kf6L{sf jl/i7 g]tfx¿;d]t u|l;t x'g yfn]sfn] ;a} Gofok|]dL hg;d'bfo / Odfgbf/ qmflGtsf/L sfo{stf{ k+lQmdf lrGtf / cfqmf]z hfUg' :jfefljs g} 5 . hg;d'bfo kf6L{ lalu|g yfn]sf]df lrlGtt 5g\ .
@= hg;d'bfo / qmflGtsf/L sfo{stf{x¿sf] ljzfn ax'dtsf] ljrf/ / efjgfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{ tyf @) cf}+ ztfAbLsf uDeL/ k|ltqmflGtsf cg'ejsf] ;Zn]if0f ub}{ xfdL s]xL o'jf kLjLPd ;b:ox¿n] s= k|r08 / s=afa'/fdsf aLr ljjfb ;'? ePsf] d};'/ kLjL a}7sb]lv g} s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sAhf ug{sf nflu tyf kf6L{leqsf u}/;j{xf/f ljrngx¿sf lj?4 ;+3if{ u/]/ k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sb} cl3 a9\g gof“ ;j{xf/f ;f:+s[lts qmflGtsf] ;'?jft ug'{k5{ eGg] k|:tfj /fv]sf lyof}+ ;fy} dfcf] / ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] klg gof“ d"Nof+sg u/]/ &) k|ltzt ;sf/fTds / #) k|ltzt gsf/fTds kIf 5g\ eGg'k5{ tyf dfcf] / lrlgof“ ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf #) k|ltzt gsf/fTds kIf ;RofP/ hfg'k5{ eGg] k|:tfj klg /fv]sf lyof}+ . ;fy}, kf6L{leqsf cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{sf] ljlwaf6 xn ug'{k5{ eGg] k|:tfj /fv]sf lyof}+ t/ pxf“x¿n] dfGg' ePg . kl/0ffd:j¿k kf6L{leq u}/;j{xf/f ljrng a9\b} uof] . s=k|r08 / s=afa'/fd;d]tsf] klg j}rfl/s, /fhgLlts, ;+u7gfTds, ;}Go / ;f+:s[lts ljrngx¿ a9\b} uP . s=k|r08n] s=afa'/fdnfO{ ef/tjfbL tyf s=afa'/fdn] s=k|r08nfO{ /fhfjfbLh:tf cToGt} uDeL/ cf/f]kx¿ ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf nufp“b} emG8}–emG8} kf6L{ km'6fpg] l:ylt;Dd pxf“x¿ k'Ug'ePsf] l:ylt xf] .
#= ut )^@ sflQsdf ;DkGg a}7sdf qmflGtleq qmflGt ug'{kg]{ gof“ ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf sfo{lbzf t kfl/t eof] . t/, ha s=k|r08sf #) k|ltzt dgf]utjfbL, clwe"tjfbL, oflGqs h8;"qjfbL, slxn] blIf0fkGyL, slxn] pu|jfdkGyL aGg] dWokGyL cl:y/ k|j[lQ, jfdvf]ndf blIf0f k|j[lQnufot cfTds]lGb|t JolQmjfbL, km'6jfbL, ;fdGtL / k“'hLjfbL k|j[lQx¿-s=afa'/fdsf t #) k|ltzt eGbf a9L u}/;j{xf/f k|j[lQx¿ 5g\ ._ sf lj?4 o'jf k+lQmaf6 cfjfh p7fpg yflnof], ta pxf“x¿ qmflGtsf/L k|j[lQsf lj?4 if8\oGq / u'6aGbL tyf hfnem]n ub}{ kf6L{nfO{ latf{ agfpg] / lghLs/0f ug]{ cleofgdf nfUg yfNg'ePsf] 5 .
$= :6flngsf #) k|ltzt gsf/fTds kIfx¿sf lj?4 :6flng hLljt} 5“bf Toxf“sf qmflGtsf/L o'jf k':tfn] gof“ ljlw / ljrf/sf] ljsf; u/L qmflGtleq qmflGt u/]sf] eP ;fob ?;df k|ltqmflGt Tolt l5§} gx'g] lyof] jf k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sg ;Sg] lyof] . dfcf]sf #) k|ltzt gsf/fTds kIf -slxn] qmflGtsf/L kIfnfO{ k|xf/ ug]{, pu| jfd ljrng / slxn] blIf0fkGyL;“u ;Demf}tf ug]{ blIf0fkGyL ljrng cGtdf dWokGyLnfO{ pQ/flwsf/L agfpg] ljrng cflb_ sf lj?4 Uofª ckm kmf]/ elgPsf qmflGtsf/L gof“ k':tfn] dfcf] hLljt} 5“bf gof“vfn] ;f+:s[lts qmflGt ug'{ kb{Yof] . leotgfdsf ;'k|l;4 g]tf xf]lrldGxsf] dWokGyL ljrngn] s;/L Toxf“ k|ltqmflGt x'g k'Uof] < lsd On ;'ª / lkm8]n Sof:qf]sf ljleGgvfn] ljrngn] s;/L k|ltqmflGt x'g k'Uof] < o;af6 cfhsf gof“ k':tfn] uDeL/ lzIff lng}kb{5 .
%= o;/L s=k|r08sf / s= afa'/fdsf gsf/fTds kIfsf lj?4 qmflGtleq qmflGt -gof“ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt_ ub}{ ;fdGtL lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf lj?4 gof“ nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgfsf] lbzfdf ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{k+lQm, hg;]gf, hgjuL{o ;+u7g / ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfonfO{ Pstfa4 eO{ cf–cfkm\gf] kl/l:ylt cg"s'n v'nf / e"ldut ¿kn] ;+3if{df nfUg xflb{s clkn ub{5f}+ / k'/fg} ljlw / ljrf/af6 dfq b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{ rnfP/ clxn]sf] ju{;+3if{ / cGt/;+3if{sf] hl6n / uDeL/ ;d:of xn gx'g] / PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] gof“ kf6L{ klg gaGg] x'gfn] ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] gof“ ljrf/ / ljlwdf hfg'kg]{ clgjfo{ 5 . xfdL ;Dk"0f{ ;xof]4f sd/]8x¿ / hg;d'bfonfO{ o; lbzftkm{ cl3 a9\g k'gM hf]8 ub{5f}+ .
^= pxf“x¿sf gsf/fTds kIfx¿ o;k|sf/ pNn]v u/]sf 5f}+ . c¿ qmdzM ;fj{hlgs ul/g]5 .
-s_ sflGtk'/ sf] cGtjf{tf{df s=k|r08n] …/fhtGq rflxG5 eg] xfdL :jLsf5f}{=== ;lqmo /fhf rflxG5 eGof] eg] klg dfG5f}+Ú eg]/ lbg'ePsf] cleJolQm /0fgLlts b[9tf / sfo{g}lts nrstfsf] ;j{xf/f l;4fGtsf lj?4 uPsf] 5 . /fhtGqsf] pGd"ng / gof“ u0ftGqsf] :yfkgfdf b[9 gx'g', ;lqmo /fhf klg dfG5' eGg' s=k|r08sf] blIf0fkGyL ljrngsf] cleJolQm xf], pxf“n] ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf cfTdfnf]rgf ub}{ ;f] cleJolQm lkmtf{ lng nufpg ;+3if{ u/f}+ .
-v_ s=k|r08 / s=afa'/fdn] ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{ ;a} sDo'lg:6n] ;w}“ dfGg'kg]{ eg]/ o;nfO{ lg/k]If l;4fGt tyf ;a} k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sg] /fdjf0fsf ¿kdf h8;"q agfpg vf]lh/xg'ePsf] 5, h'g dfn]dfjfbsf] cfwf/e"t l;4fGtljk/Lt 5 . @) cf}+ ztfAbLdf k|ltqmflGt x'g'sf k|d'v sf/0f ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{ glbP/ xf] eGg] pxf“x¿sf] lgisif{ klg dgf]ut, oflGqs, clwe"tjfbL / u}/;j{xf/f a'h'{jf s'ts{jfb xf] . @) cf}+ ztfAbLsf k|ltqmflGtsf j:t'ut sf/0f klg 5g\ / cfTdut sf/0fx¿ klg 5g\ . ;a} k|ltqmflGtx¿ kf6L{leq}af6 klxnf] / bf];|f] :t/sf g]tfx¿af6 ePsf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf ljrngx¿sf lj?4 klg qmflGt ug]{ gof“ ljlw / ljrf/sf] ljsf; ug'{kg]{ bfloTj PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf qmflGtsf/L gof“ k':tfsf] sfwdf cfPsf] 5 .
-u_ s=k|r08 / s=afa'/fdsf] slxn] /fodfemL k|j[lQ, slxn] n]G8'kbf]h]{ k|j[lQ, slxn] sf+u|];k/:t, slxn] ;+j}wflgs /fhfjfbL k|j[lQsf s]xL c+z b]lvg] u/]sf] 5 . To;sf lj?4 ;+3if{ u/f}+ .
-3_ ;a}n] PsPs kb emg]{ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] lg0f{oljk/Lt s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7s ePsf] Ps ;ftf klg laTg gkfp“b} s=k|r08sf gof“ ;DwL s=bLjfs/sf] l;kmfl/;df / s=afa'/fdsf] ;dy{gdf s=k|r08sf Psnf}6] 5f]/f sd/]8nfO{ b'O{ tx a9'jf u/]/ If]qLo Ao'/f]df k'¥ofP/ pxf“x¿n] ;fdGtL k|j[lQ b]vfpg'ePsf] 5, o;nfO{ t' vf/]h ul/of];\ egL ;+3if{ u/f}+ .
-ª_ k|jf; Ao'/f]n] /fhtGqlj?4 ;+3if{ p7fpg nfvf}+ g]kfnLnfO{ :jb]z hfg k]|l/t ug]{ dxfg\ of]hgf kfl/t ub}{ o;sf nflu ;j{k|yd s=k|r08sf csf{ ;DwL tyf aL;f}+ jif{ k|jf;df /xg'ePsf sd/]8nfO{ g} klxnf] :jb]z hfg] 6f]nLsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf]df s=k|r08 / s=afa'/fdn] csf]{ a}7s cfof]hgf u/L Tof] lg0f{o vf/]h u/]/ pxf“x¿dfly nfUb} cfPsf] n8\g–dg{ c¿ hfcf];\, cfkmGtx¿ arf];\ eGg] cf/f]k ;To ;fljt ug'{ePsf] 5 . k|jf; Ao'/f]sf] klxnf] a}7ssf qmflGtsf/L ;+u7gfTds of]hgf nfu" ug{ ;+3if{ u/f}+ .
-r_ hgd'lQm ;]gf / alnbfgsf] dxŒjnfO{ lgs} kmnfSg] s=k|r08n] cfkm\gf Psnf}6] 5f]/f sd/]8 / cfkmGtnfO{ lsg clxn];Dd hg;]gfdf etL{ ub}{gg\ < s=afa'/fdn] klg cfkm\gf] Psnf}6L 5f]/LnfO{ hg;]gfdf etL{ ug'{sf] abnf lsg a'h'{jf lzIffsf] l8Knf]df txdf k9fO/fv]sf 5g\ < pxf“x¿sf] #) k|ltzt / ;f]eGbf a9L ;fdGtL / k'“hLjfbL k|j[lQ 5g\ eGg] s'/f o;af6 klg k|:6 x'G5 . logLx¿nfO{ hg;]gfdf etL{ u/fpg bafad"ns ;+3if{ u/f}+ .
-5_ s=k|r08 / s=afa'/fdn] lkmN8df / o'4df]rf{df a;]/ hgo'4 / ljb|f]xsf] g]t[Tj u/]/ sfo{stf{ / hgtfdf pbfx/0f k]; ug'{kg]{df s"6gLltsf] gfddf ;'ljwfef]uL / blIf0fkGyL cfTd;'/IffjfbL aGg] ul//xg'ePsf] 5 . b;jif]{ hgo'4df cf7 jif{eGbf a9L ;do ljb]zL e"lddf /dfP/ a:gfn] pxf“x¿ o'4df]rf{sf] oyfy{af6 cnlUuP/ dgf]utjfbL x'g yfNg'ePsf], h;sf] sf/0f cgfjZos Iflt klg ePsf] 5 .
ctM xfdL oL af/]df uDeL/ 5nkmn, ax; / bafa l;h{gf xf]pmg\ / kf6L{sf] j}rfl/s 5nkmn, ax; cfdhgtfdf hfcf];\ eGg] ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] dfGotf :yflkt ug{ rfxG5f}+ . xfdL ;fdGtjfb, lj:tf/jfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf ;fy} ;a}vfn] cj;/jfbsf lj?4 lg/Gt/ ;+3if{ ul//xg] k|lt1f ub}{ ;a} kf6L{x¿leqsf u0ftGqjfbLx¿nfO{ ;femf df]rf{ agfP/ cl3 a9\g;d]t clkn ub{5f}+ . ;fy}, bnx¿leq b]vf k/]sf] klxnf] k':tfsf g]tfx¿sf] csd{Gotf / ljrngsf lj?4 gof“ ljlw / ljrf/åf/f gof“ 9+un] qmflGtleq klg qmflGt ug{ clkn ub{5f}+ .Æ
/jLGb| / dl0fnfO{ k|r08n] klg uDeL/ cf/f]k nufp“b} Ps csf]{ k|]; lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ eg]sf 5g\ M
ælxhf] kmfNu'0f @(, @)^@ sf ldltdf /jLGb| / cg's"nsf gfdaf6 k|rf/ ul/Psf] slyt ax;sf] ckLnk|lt kf6L{ s]Gb|sf] wf/0ff / lg0f{o :ki6 ug{ of] k|]; lj1lKt hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .
!_ xfd|f] uf}/jzfnL kf6L{n] cfh afx\o ?kdf ljZj ;fd|fHojfbsf] gfOs]sf lj?4 tyf cfGtl/s ?kdf ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGqsf lj?4 lgd{d / lg0ff{os ;+3if{sf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] 5 . ;fdGtLtGqsf lj?4 kf6L{åf/f 3f]lift gfsfjGbLsf] k"j{;GWofdf kf6L{sf gLlt / g]t[Tjsf lj?4 ;fj{hlgs ljifjdg u/]/ /jLGb| / cg's"nn] j:t'tM cfkm}nfO{ kf6L{ / qmflGtaf6 cnUofP/ lg/+s'z 1fg]Gb| zfxLsf k[i7kf]ifssf ?kdf pEofPsf 5g\ . cf º gf lgof]lht c/fhs / c/fhg}lts lqmofsnfksf sf/0f s]xL lbg klxn] dfq s]Gb|Lo ;ldltaf6 lgnDag ul/Psf /jLGb| / cg's"nnfO{ k"0f{ ktg x'gaf6 arfpg] clGtd k |of;sf ?kdf kf6L{n] hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] dfGotf cg';f/ cf º gf c;Gt'li6x¿ cg'zfl;t 9+un] s]Gb|df k|:t't ug{ lgb]{lzt u/]sf] lyof] . t/, kf6L{ / qmflGtaf6 efUg] dgl:yltdf k'lu;s]sf pgLx¿n] kf6L{df ljrf/ k|:t't u/L lgs6 eljiodf of]hgfj4 ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg lglZrt ePsf] dxfg\ ax;sf] ;fdgf ug]{ cf“6 geP/ g} cfh qmflGtsf lj?4 k|ltqmflGtsf] ;]jf ug]{ euf}8f / u2f/Lsf] kl/ro lbg k'u]sf 5g\ . ctM kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{non] /jLGb| / cg's"nnfO{ qmflGtsf euf}8f, lg/+s'z /fhtGq / k|ltqmflGtsf ;]js 3f]if0ff ub}{ kf6L{af6 lg:sfzgsf] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
@_ /jLGb| / cg's'nn] slyt ckLn dfkm{t\ g]t[Tjsf lj?4 u/]sf lgs[i6 ufnLunf}hnfO{ kf6L{s]Gb| k"0f{ ?kdf vf/]h ub{5 / pgLx¿sf] o;k|sf/sf] k|rf/afhLnfO{ k|ltqmflGtsf/L lqmofsnfksf ?kdf 3[0ff / eT;{gf ub{5 . slyt clkndf cf º gf] k|ltqmflGts f/L euf}8f rl/qdfly kbf{ xfNg] ldYof k|of;sf ?kdf cToGt oflGqs, e2f / ljs[t 9+un] p7fOPsf æ;}4flGtsÆ k|Zgx¿ dfly pgLx¿;“u s'g} u+eL/ ax; x'g} ;Sb}g . ju{;+3if{sf] lgtfGt ;+j]bgzLn df]8df lg/+s'ztGqsf lj?4 ;+3if{ ul//x]sf dxfg\ g]kfnL hgtf tyf To;qmddf k|f0ff]T;u{ ug]{ dxfg\ zxLbx¿sf] /utsf lj?4 ;fdGtL kmfl;jfbL 1fg]Gb|, sdn yfkfx¿nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] u2f/x¿;“u s'g} ax; x'g} ;Sb}g . kf6L{n] cfufdL dxflwj]zgsf nflu of]hgfj4 9+un] ax; cufl8 a9fpg] k|d'v sfo{;"rL tyf kf6L{ / qmflGtk|lt lgi7fjfg qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] cf º gf dtdtfGt/x¿nfO{ /rgfTds 9+un] k|:t't ug]{ j}1flgs ljlw ;d]t lglZrt ul/;s]sf] 5 . Tof] cj:yfdf kf6L{af6 e"ldut eO{ b'Zdgsf] lsQfdf pleP/ ax;sf] s'/f ug]{ /jLGb| / cg's"nsf] k|nfknfO{ ;Dk"0f{ ?kn] cfTd;dk{0fsf/L lrTsf/sf ?kdf vf/]h ub{5 .
#_ ju{;+3if{sf] cfhsf] ;+j]bgzLn 38Ldf olt 7"nf] ljrngsf] lzsf/ x'g k'u]sf /jLGb|sf] k[i7e"ld kf6L{leq lgtfGt cfTds]lGb|t, ;GsL, ljjfbf:kb / cltjfbL k|sf/sf] /x“b} cfPsf] lyof] . ;+u7gdf hxf“ lhDdf ln“bf klg s]xLnfO{ c:jefljs ?kn] sfvL RofKg' / c?x¿nfO{ kfvf nufpg', u'6jGbL ug'{ / ef“8e}nf] dRrfpg vf]Hg' /jLGb|sf] rfl/lqs ljz]iftf g} lyof] . ut sfndf b'Zdgsf] sAhfdf /x“bf pgsf lqmofsnfk ;Gb]xf:kb /x]sf] s'/f Tolta]nf pgL;“u} h]n a:g] cGo sd/]8x¿åf/f lnlvt / df}lvs b'j} ?kdf s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf l/kf]6{x¿ cfPsf lyP . tL l/kf]6{x¿sf] cfwf/df kf6L{s]Gb|n] cfk\m gf] cg';Gwfg k|lqmofnfO{ clxn] klg cufl8 a9fO/x]sf] 5 . clxn] h'g kl/j]zdf / h'g 9+un] pgn] kf6L{ / g]t[Tjsf lj?4 ljifjdg u/]sf 5g\ / h;/L sdn yfkfx¿sf] jStJo cfO/x]sf] 5, To;n] of] s'g} ;+of]u dfq} geP/ lgof]lht ePsf] s'/f nfO{ u+eL/ ?kn] ;+s]t ul//x]sf] 5 .
s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] ut a}7ssf] tof/Lsf qmddf cfkm"nfO{ gof“ lk“9Lsf] of]Uo / sd/]8 k|r08sf] pQ/flwsf/Lsf ?kdf æ:yflktÆ ug{ pgn] v]n]sf] rfs8L, 3'sL{ / wDsLk"0f{ e"ldsfsf sf/0f a}7sdf pgL k"/} cnuynu x'g k'u]sf lyP . cf º gf] cfTds]lGb|t JolQmjfbL / r/d dxTjfsf+IfL k|j[lt ;Rofpg k|oTg ug'{sf] ;§f cx+sf/ / k|ltzf]wsf] lzsf/ x'g k'u]sf /jLGb| cGttM cfnf]s k|j[ltnfO{ w]/} kl5 5f]8]/ dxf cfnf]ssf] kl/ro lbg k'u] .
To;}u/L cg's"nsf] rl/q klg xd]zf oflGqs / cltjfbL k|sf/sf] /x“b} cfPsf] lyof] . uPsf] b'O{ jif{b]lv 3f]/ lg/fzf, knfog / blIf0fkGyL lj;h{gjfbsf] /f]uaf6 pgL u|:t /x“b} cfPsf lyP . cGt/kf6L{ ;+3if{df cf º gf pQ]hs cleJolQm dfkm{t\ km'6 / lj;h{g a9fpg] s'/fdf g} pgsf] ;lqmotf /xg] u/]sf] lyof] . s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] ut a}7snfO{ alxisf/ u/]/ pgn] cf º gf] knfog / lj;h{gjfbL rl/qsf] kl/ro lbO g} ;s]sf lyP . ljutsf] cGt/kf6L{ ;+3if{df kf6L{ x]8Sjf6{/ -s= k|r08_sf] cf8 lnP/ km'6jfbnfO{ dnhn ug]{ /jLGb| tyf s=afa'/fd e§/fO{sf] cf8 lnP/ ToxL s;/t ug]{ cg's"nsf aLrsf] of] u7jGwg lgtfGt c/ fhgLlts, cg}lts / euf}8fx¿sf] u7jGwg l;jfo c? s]xL gePsf] tYo :ki6 5 .
$_ qmflGtsf] ljsf;qmddf To;n] cfkm"leqaf6 cgfjZos kmf]xf]/ d}nf (bi-product) lgsfn]/ kmfNg' clgjfo{ x'G5 . clxn] /jLGb| / cg's"nsf] alxu{dg qmflGtsf] ToxL clgjfo{ lgodsf] gof“ s8L dfq xf] . 1fg]Gb| / sdn yfkf h:tf lg/+s'z tTjx¿b]lv cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb;Ddsf tTjx¿ o;af6 kf6L{ sdhf]/ x'g] ;kgf b]v]sf 5g\ eg] Tof] ;kgf To;/L g} b'M:jKg dfq x'g]5 . h;/L ljutdf cfnf]s k|j[ltsf qmddf ePsf] lyof] . kmf]xf]/ d}nf ldNsfP/ kf6L{ cem :j:y / dhj'b agL b'Zdgsf] lj?4 emg\ zlQmzfnL wfjf af]Ng]5 . /jLGb| / cg's"nsf] k|ltqmflGtsf/L, euf}8f rl/qnfO{ xfd|f] l;+uf] kf6L{ k+lQm, hgd'lQm ;]gfsf ;du| of]4fx¿ tyf gof“ ;Qf / cfd hgk+lQm Psl9Ssf eP/ gf+u]emf/ kfg]{5g\ . cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb, 1fg]Gb| zfxL / sdn yfkfx¿sf nflu /jLGb| / cg's"n l;+uf] kxf8 vg]/ d';f lgsfn] eGbf a9L c? s]xL x'g ;Sb}g . ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGqsf lj?4 nf]stGq / zflGtsf] o'4df hgtfsf] ljho ;'lglZrt 5 .Æ
oL b'O{ kIfx?sf] dfq xf]Og n8fO{ l;Ëf] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{leq tn b]lv dfly;Dd z'? ePsf] / kf6L{leq} b'j} kIfsf] b'j} kIfn] t]hf]aw ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . -xfdL k|hftGq / zflGtsf] kIfdf k|lta4 5f} . cft+sjfb / cft+ssf/Lsf] ultljlwsf] ;w} ljkIfdf 5f}, o; c+sdf k|sflzt dfcf]jfbLsf ;DalGwt kIfsf lj1lKtx? Kff7sx?sf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu dfq k|sfzg u/]sf xf} –;+=_
/fhfaf6 k'/:sf/ ljt/0f
sf7df8f} . >L % dxf/fhflw/fh 1fg]Gb| aL/laqmd zfxb]jaf6 g]kfn /fhsLo lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|1fk|lti7fg -/f]gfi6_ åf/f :yflkt k'/:sf/x? xfn} sf7df8f}+df cfof]lht ljz]if ;df/f]xdf ljleGg a}1flgs Pj+ k|fljlws tyf ;+3–;+:yfx?nfO{ k|bfg ul/aS:of] .
>L % dxf/fhflw/fhaf6 …>L % 1fg]Gb| k|s[lt ;+/If0f k'/:sf/Ú lrtjgsf] afudf/f ;fd'bflos jg Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ k|bfg ul/aS:of] .
;f] ;ldltn] ;fd'bflos ag Joj:yfkg dfkm{t\ h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f tyf aftfj/0fLo ko{6gsf] k|j4{g u/L bLuf] ljsf;df ;3fp k'¥ofO{ cg's/0fLo pbfx/0f k|:t't u/] jfkt ! nfv ?k}ofF /fzLsf] pQm k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sf] xf] .
>L % dxf/fhflw/fh af6 >L % o'j/fhflw/fh o'jf lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k'/:sf/ kfFr hgf a}1flgs Pj+ k|fljlwsnfO{ k|bfg ul/aS:of] .
hgxL #) xhf/ ?k}ofF /fzLsf] k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug'{x'g]x?df zxLb u+ufnfn /fli6«o x[bo s]Gb|sf sG;N6\ofG6 sfl8of]nf]lhi6 8f= dgaxfb'/ s]=;L= hn tyf df};d lj1fg ljefusL d]6]l/of]nlhi6 ;'>L cr{gf >]i7, lqe'jg ljZj ljBfno OlGhlgol/ª cWoog ;+:yfgsf sDKo"6/ OlGhlgo/ 8f= ;'j0f{ zfSo, sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfno lj1fg ;+sfosf kmdf{l;:6 8f= ;ˆkmf/ d+;'/ tyf /fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\sf] df6f] a}1flgs 8f= h'gsdn t'nfw/ x'g'x'G5 .
df};"kmaf6 k|1f–k|+lti7fg lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|aw{g k'/:sf/ @ hgfnfO{ / t];|f] ljZj lj1fg k|1f– k|lti7fg k'/:sf/ $ hgfnfO{ k|bfg ul/aS:of] .
hgxL @) xhf/ ?k}ofFsf] k|1f–k|lti7fg lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|a4{g k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug]{df nlntk'/sf] e§]8fF8f sGh/e];g /f]k–j] tyf al/i7 kqsf/ e}/a l/;fn x'g'x'G5 .
o;}u/L hgxL #% xhf/ ?k}ofF /fzLsf] t];|f] ljZj lj1fg k|1f k|lti7fg k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug'{x'g]x?df lqe'jg ljZjljBfno, ef}lts zf:q s]Gb|Lo ljefusf 8f= ljlgn cof{n, ul0ft s]Gb|Lo ljefusf 8f= dx]Gb| k|;fb kGyL, k[YjL gf/fo0f SofDk; kf]v/fsf 8f= cSsn b]j ld> tyf lxdfnog g]r/sf 8f= x]d;fu/ a/fn x'g'x'G5 .
>L % a8fdxf/fgL sf]dn /fHonIdL b]jL zfx ;df/f]xdf ;d'kl:yt xf]OaS;GYof] .
o;cl3, >L % dxf/fhflw/fh tyf >L % j8fdxf/fgL ;df/f]x:yn ;jf/L xf]OaS;Fbf df};"kmx?sf h'gfkmdf /f]gfi6sf] s'nkltsf] ;d]t sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg'ePsf dlGq kl/ifb\sf pkfWoIf 8f= t'n;L lu/L, ;xs'nklt Pj+ jftfj/0f, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqL k|sfz sf]O/fnf, ;xfosdGqL k|tfk/fd nf]xf/, /f]gfi6sf pks'nklt k|f=8f= bofgGb ah|frfo{ nufotsf ljlzi6 dxfg'efjx?n] :jfut clejfbg r9fpg' ePsf] lyof] .
;df/f]xdf dlGqkl/ifb\sf pkfWoIf 8f= t'n;L lu/Ln] b]zdf lj1fg / k|ljlwsf If]qdf x'g] cWoog–cg';Gwfg u|fdL0f hgtfsf] cfjZostf kl/k"lt{ ug]{tkm{ pGd'v x'g'kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
pkfWoIf 8f= lu/Ln] >L % sf] ;/sf/ lj1fg–k|ljlwsf] ljsf;sf nflu pko'Qm jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ k|lta4tfsf ;fy lqmofzLn /x]sf] atfpg' eof] .
/f]gfi6sf pks'nklt k|f=8f= bofgGb ah|frfo{n] xfn b]zdf pRr :t/Lo lj1fg k|ljlw hgzlQmsf] ;+Vof s/La @* xhf/ k'lu;s]sf] atfpg' eof] .
u[x dGqfno – cfXjfg
>L % sf] ;/sf/n] cftª\ssf/L lqmofsnfk kl/Tofu u/L ;fdfGo hLjgofkg ugf{sf nflu cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ cjlw @)^# ;fn h]7 d;fGt;Dd yk u/]sf] x'Fbf ;f] cjlwleq cfTd;dk{0f ug{ u[x dGqfnon] cfXjfg u/]sf] 5 .
>L % sf] ;/sf/n] xfn} ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] xTof, lx+;f / cftª\s h:tf cftª\ssf/L lqmofsnfk kl/Tofu u/L ;fdfGo hLjgofkg ug{ rfxg] JolQmx¿nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg cfTd;dk{0f tyf k'g:yfkgf;DaGwL gLltcg'¿k cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ JolQmx¿nfO{ ljutdf u/]sf] lx+;fTds lqmofsnfkaf6 pTkGg sfg'gL sf/afxLaf6 d'Qm u/fpg cfjZos kxn x'g] / cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ cftª\ssf/L ;d"xsf] pRr:t/sf JolQmx¿nfO{ ¿= bz nfv;Dd cfly{s ;xof]u k|bfg ul/g] dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 .
cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ JolQmx¿nfO{ j}b]lzs /f]huf/ / :j/f]huf/nfO{ C0f tyf cg'bfg / ;Lk ljsf;;DaGwL tflnd k|bfg u/L cfly{s ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ pko'Qm tyf kof{Kt cj;/x¿ klg pknAw u/fOg] gLltdf pNn]v 5 .
u[x dGqfnosf cg';f/ xftxltof/;lxt cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ JolQmx¿nfO{ k"0f{ ;'/Iff k|bfg ugf{sf ;fy} ljleGg xltof/afkt ¿= kfFr nfvb]lv ¿= kfFr ;o;Ddsf] cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw u/fOg] 5 .
cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ JolQmx¿n] JolQmut Pj+ ;fd"lxs ¿kdf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfof{nox¿, u[x dGqfno tyf /Iff dGqfno, zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L ansf] ;'/Iff lzlj/x¿, c:yfoL ¿kdf v8f ul/Psf] ck/];g lzlj/, If]qLo k|zf;g sfof{no, c~rn k|zf;g sfof{no, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no / 3'DtL ;]jf ;~rfng;DaGwL lzlj/x¿df cfTd;dk{0f ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5.
oftfoft –oyfjt ?kn] ;]jf ;+rfng ug]{
g]kfn oftfoft ldgL a; ;]jf ;ldltn] cfhb]lv cfˆgf ;Dk"0f{ ?6x?df oyfjt ?kn] ;]jf ;+rfng ul/ pkef]Qmf Pj+ ofq'x?nfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofpg] ePsf] 5 .
;f] ;ldltn] lxhf] Ps k+|]; lj1lKt k|sflzt ub}{ dhb'/ ju{ / Joj:yfkg kIf aLr s'g} c;dembf/L g/x]sf] eGb} uf8L ;+rfng gx'Fbf dhb'/sf afnaRrfsf] nfng kfngdf u+eL/ c;/ kg]{ ePsf]n] uf8L oyfjt ;+rfng ug{ ;DalGwt kIf;Fu cg'/f]w ul/;lsPsf] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .
/fHodGqL kf]v/]n ;~rf/sdL{;+u cfu|x
>L % sf] ;/sf/n] a]/f]huf/ b[li6ljxLg ;d"xnfO{ jftf{df cfpg cfXjfg u/]sf] 5 .
pgLx¿sf dfuk|lt ;/sf/ cToGt ;+j]bgzLn ePsfn] jftf{sf nflu cfpg dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f /fHodGqL 8f=b'uf{ kf]v/]nn] cfu|x ug{'eof] .
lxhf] cfˆgf] sfo{sIfdf ;~rf/sdL{;Fu s'/f ub}{ pxfFn] pgLx¿sf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu x'g] jftf{df ;xefuL x'g ;/f]sf/jfnf ;a}l;t cfu|x ug{'eof] .
ut s]xL lbgb]lv a]/f]huf/ b[li6ljxLg ;d"xn] kfFr;o b[li6ljxLgnfO{ tTsfn /f]huf/L lbg'kg]{, a]/f]huf/ b[li6ljxLgnfO{ dfl;s b'O{xhf/ ¿k}ofF eQf lbg'kg]{ kfFr} ljsf; If]qdf cfjf;;lxt tflndsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ / pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ rfxg]sf nflu cfjZos k'FhLsf] Joj:yf ug{'kg]{ dfu /fVb} cfPsf] 5 .
o;;DaGwdf /f;;;Fu s'/f ub}{ g]kfn /fli6«o ckfª\u dxf;ª\3sf cWoIf jL/]Gb| kf]v/]nn] ;/sf/sf] ;f] cfu|x :jfutof]Uo ePsf] atfpg'eof]
>L % o'j/fhflw/fh–;jf/L sfo{qmd
>L % o'j/fhflw/fh kf/; jL/ ljqmd zfxb]j tyf >L % o'j/f1L lxdfgL /fHonIdL b]jL zfx u0ftGq cl:6«ofsf rfG;n/ a'NkmUofª\u z';nsf] d}qLk"0f{ lgdGq0ffdf cl:6«ofsf] e|d0fsf nflu oxL r}t ^ ut] u0ftGq cl:6«ofsf] /fhwfgL leogftk{m ;jf/L xf]OaS;g] sfo{qmd 5 .
:jb]z lkml/aS;g] qmddf df};'kmx¿ u0ftGq k|mfG; / ;+o'Qm c/a O{ld/]6\;sf] b'aO{ ;jf/L xf]OaS;g] 5 .
df};'kmx¿ oxL r}t @! ut] :jb]z lkml/aS;g] sfo{qmd 5 .
;f] s'/f >L % dxf/fhflw/fhsf ;+jfb ;lrjfno, /fhb/af/åf/f cfh k|sflzt ;"rgfdf hgfOPsf] 5 .
>L % o'j/fhflw/fh–k'/:sf/ k|bfg
>L % o'j/fhflw/fh kf/; jL/ ljqmd zfxb]jaf6 bz/y /ª\uzfnfdf cfh cfof]lht ljz]if ;df/f]xdf …cfO;L;L cG8/ gfOlG6gÚ ljZjsk lqms]6 k|ltof]lutfdf …Kn]6 RoflDkogÚ aGg ;kmn g]kfnL lqms]6 v]nf8Lx¿nfO{ k'/:sf/:j¿k df]6/;fOsn k|bfg ul/aS:of] .
df};'kmaf6 ;f] cj;/df g]kfnL 6f]nLsf k|lzIfs, ;xfos k|lzIfs, Joj:yfks Pjd\ ;xfos Joj:yfksnfO{ hgxL @% xhf/ ?k}ofF gub k'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/aS:of] .
>L % o'j/fhflw/fh /fli6«o v]ns'b kl/ifb\sf ;+/Ifs xf]OaS;G5 .
;df/f]xdf >L % o'j/f1L lxdfgL /fHonIdL b]jL zfx ;d'kl:yt xf]OaS;GYof] .
aGb sfo{qmd lkmtf{ lng' kg]{
dfcf]jfbL ;d"xn] cfJxfg u/]sf] slyt aGb tyf gfsfaGbLn] ubf{ lgDg tyf lgDgdWod ju{sf hgtfnfO{ emg} dsf{ k/]sfn] To:tf] sfo{ tTsfn aGb ug{ /fhgLlts bnsf g]tf tyf ;dfhsf k|j[4 JolQmx?n] dfcf]jfbL kIf;Fu cfJxfg u/]sf 5g\ .
l/kf]6{; Snadf cfh cfof]lht ;fIffTsf/ sfo{qmddf g]skf Pdfn] :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o e/tdf]xg clwsf/Ln] dfcf]jfbL ;d"xsf] xTof, lx+;f, ckx/0f / aGbh:tf s[ofsnfkx?n] hgtfsf] zflGt k|ltsf] rfxgfdf cfwft k'lu/x]sf] pNn]v ub}{ dfcf]jfbL ;d"xnfO{ To:tf cdfgjLo s[ofsnfk kl/Tofu ul/ zflGtk"0f{ k|lt:kwf{df pqg cfu|x ;d]t ug'{eof] .
g]kfnL sfFu|]; k|hftflGqssf g]tf 8f=k|sfzz/0f dxtn] bn tyf gful/s ;dfh nufotsf kIfn] u/]sf] cfu|xnfO{ ;Ddfg ub}{ dfcf]jfbL ;d"xn] xfnsf] aGb sfo{qmd lkmtf{ lng' kg]{ atfpg' eof] .
/fli6«o hgzlQm kf6L{sf k|jQmf ;j]{Gb|gfy z'Snfn] dfcf]jfbL ;d"xsf] s[ofsnfkaf6 bn / dfcf]jfbL ;d"xaLr !@ a'Fb] ;dembf/L ePklg pgLx?n] bnx?;+usf] ;dembf/LnfO{ :jLsf/ gu/]sf] b]lvG5 eGg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf 8f=;'Gb/d0fL lbIfLtn] hgtfn] ef]Ug' k/]sf] ;d:ofnfO{ a'em]/ gfsfaGbL sfo{qmd lkmtf{ x'g' kg]{ dfu ug'{eof] .
To;}u/L /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{sf rGb|axfb'/ u'?Ën] bnn] dfcf]jfbL kIf;+u u/]sf] !@ a'Fb] ;xdtL P]ltxfl;s e"n ePsf] l6Kk0fL ub}{ bnx?nfO{ cfufdL ;+;bLo lgjf{rgsf] k|s[ofdf h'6\g cfu|x ug'{eof] .
åGb ljz]if1 8f=OGb|hLt /fO{n] dfcf]jfbL ;d"xsf syLt aGb h:tf sfo{qmd pgLx?sf] k|efjsf sf/0f ge} 8/ qf;n] ubf{ dfq ;kmn eP h:tf] b]lvPsf] atfpg' eof] .
sfo{qmd Snasf cWoIf Clif wdnfsf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] lyof] .
;Dafb Sna–sfo{qmddf
dfcf]jfbLåf/f ul/Psf] slyt gfsfaGbLsf] k|ToIf c;/ ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ k/]sf]n] tTsfn lkmtf{ ug{ dfgjflwsf/jfbL Pj+ a'l4hLjLx?n] cfu|x ug'{ePsf] 5 .
;Dafb Snaåf/f cfh cfof]lht cGt/;Dafb sfo{qmddf pxfFx?n] slyt aGb / gfsfaGbL h:tf sfo{qmdn] /fhgLlts p2]Zo k|fKt gx'g] / To;af6 hgtfsf] lxt gx'g] atfpg' eof] .
dfgjflwsf/jfbL aL/]Gb|s]z/L kf]v/]nn] lx+;fsf] andf /fi6« / hgtf lj?4 dgk/L ug]{ clwsf/ s;}nfO{ klg gePsf] atfpg' eof] .
g]kfn dfgjflwsf/ ;+u7gsf cWoIf r/0f k|;fO{n] dfcf]jfbLn] u/]sf] lx+;fTds lqmofsnfksf sf/0f /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfoaf6 pgLx? plDsg g;Sg] atfpg' eof] .
al/i7 clwjQmfåo s[i0fk|;fb e08f/L / l;Gw'gfy Kofs'/]n, g]skf Pdfn]sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|bLk 1jfnL / a'l4lhjL slkn >]i7n] slyt gfsfaGbL hgtfsf] lxt lj?4 ePsf]n] lkmtf{ ug{ cfu|x ug'{eof] .
;f] sfo{qmd ;+jfb Snasf cWoIf /fd' u}x|]sf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] lyof] .
?;L k|wfgGofofwLz – ljbfO{
?;L dxf;ª\3sf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf k|wfgGofofwLz eL=Pd=n]j]b]j g]kfnsf] rf/ lbg] e|d0f k"/f u/L cfh :jb]z k|:yfg ug'{eof] .
pxfFnfO{ lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yndf k|wfgGofofwLz lbnLks'df/ kf}8]nn] ljbfO{ ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
pQm cj;/df sfg'g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo Joj:yfdGqL lg/~hg yfkfsf] klg pkl:ylt lyof] .
pQm cj;/df ;~rf/sdL{;Fu s'/f ub}{ ?;L k|wfgGofofwLz nj]b]jn] o; e|d0fsf qmddf cfkm"nfO{ >L % dxf/fhflw/fhaf6 bz{ge]6 aS;ePsf] / pQm cj;/df df};'kmaf6 d'n'ssf nflu cfGtl/s tyf jfXo ¿kdf sfg'gsf] dxTjsf af/]df x's'dePsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
k|wfgGofofwLz kf}8]nn] g]kfn tyf ?;L dxf;ª\3aLr k'/fgf] tyf c;n ldqsf] ;DaGw /x]sf] / Goflos Oltxf;df cfkm"n] klxnf] k6s ?;L k|wfGofofwLznfO{ :jfut ug{ kfPsf] atfpg'eof] .
o; cl3 ?;L dxf;ª\3sf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf k|wfgGofofwLz eL=Pd= n]jb]j / k//fi6«dGqL /d]zgfy kf08]aLr g]kfn–?; ;DaGwsf ljljw kIfdfly cfh sf7df8f}+df 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] .
e]6sf cj;/df ?;L k|wfgGofofwLz n]jb]jn] g]kfn / ?;aLrsf] P]ltxfl;s ;DaGwnfO{ cem clej[l4 ub}{ ;xof]usf If]q a9fpg'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'ePsf] k//fi6«dGqL kf08]n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
?;L k|wfgGofofwLzn] g]kfnsf k|wfgGofofwLznfO{ ?; e|d0fsf] cf}krfl/s lgDtf] lbg'ePsf] klg pxfFn] atfpg'eof] .
gfdfjnL ;+sng
g]kfn clw/fHosf ;a} ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfx?df dtbftf gfdfjnL ;+sng tyf dtbftf gfdfjnL cBfjlws ug]{ sfo{ eO/x]sf] lgjf{rg cfof]un] hgfPsf] 5 .
cfof]un] dtbftf gfdfjnL ;+sng ug{ afFsL /x]sf lhNnfx?df cfufdL @)^# ;fn j}zfv b]lv ;+rfng ul/ >fj0f !% ut] ;Dddf ;DkGg ul/;Sg] nIo lnPsf] 5 .
@)^@ ;fn r}q d;fGt ;Dddf !* jif{ pd]/ k'uL dtbftf aGg of]Uotf k'u]sf JolQmx?sf] gfdfjnL ;+sng ul/g] pNn]v ub}{ lgjf{rg cfof]un] of]Uotf k'u]sf JolQmx?nfO{ gfd ljj/0f n]vfO{ lgjf{rgdf dtbfg ug{ kfpg] cfˆgf] k|hftflGqs c
d'Vo ;dfrf/ 
