Kathmandu, Ashwin 13, 2064.

;dfrf/

g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] 3f]if0ff–kq M ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg–@)^$

kfFr jif{ cl3 g]kfnL sf+u|]; / g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ sf] gfddf ljeflht ePsf] xfd|f] kf6L{ d'n'sdf nf]stGq / lbuf] zflGt ;'b[9 ePsf] tyf /fHosf] nf]stflGqs k'g;+{/rgf ePsf] b]Vg rfxg] g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfsf+Iff tyf cfˆgf nfvf}F nfv ;fyLx¿, ;dy{s–z'e]R5'sx¿sf] kf6L{ Pstfsf] rfxgfnfO{ d"t{ ¿k lbg of] P]ltxfl;s dxf;ldlt a}7sdf Ps ePsf] 5 . d'n'ssf] uDeL/ ;+qmd0fsfnLg /fhgLltnfO{ nf]stflGqs dfu{df 8f]¥ofpg] tyf zflGt k|lqmof / ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgnfO{ lglj{£g ;DkGg ug]{ P]ltxfl;s bfloTjnfO{ ;kmntfk"j{s lgjf{x ug]{ c7f]6sf ;fy cfhsf] of] P]ltxfl;s 38Ldf g]kfnL sf+u|]; kf6L{sf] Pstf ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] of] Pstfn] cfGbf]ngsf/L /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿sf] jt{dfg Pstf / ;dembf/LnfO{ cem ;'b[9 agfpg], cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] k|efjsfl/tf clej[l4 ug]{ / cGttM hgcfGbf]ng @)^@–^# sf] hgcfsf+IffnfO{ k"/f u/fpg] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] c7f]6nfO{ k'gM Psk6s bf]x¥ofpFb} ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf kf6L{sf] of] P]ltxfl;s 3f]if0ffkqnfO{ k|:tfljt ub{5f}F .

cfb/0fLo lbbL–alxgL tyf bfh'–efOx¿ Û

g]kfndf ;Q/L jif{eGbf nfdf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] dxfg\ pknlAw Pj+ P]ltxfl;s hg–cfGbf]ng @)^@–^# sf] hgfb]zsf] ¿kdf ;DkGg x'g uO/x]sf] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf] k"j{;GWofdf g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ xflb{s clejfbg ub{5 .

o; cj;/df g]kfnL sf+u|]; b]z, hgtf / nf]stGqsf lglDt hLjg alnbfg ug]{ 1ft–c1ft ;Dk"0f{ zxLbx¿k|lt xflb{s / ;Ddfgk"0f{ >4f~hnL k|s6 ub{5 . g]kfnsf] nfdf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ng Pj+ zflGtk"0f{ P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ng @)^@–^# sf] clu|d df]rf{df pleP/ lg0ff{os ;+3if{ ug]{ b]zsf tdfd o'jf–t?0f–ljBfyL{, gful/s cfGbf]ng Pj+ dfgj clwsf/sdL{, ls;fg–dhb'/ / dlxnf, lzIfs–k|fWofks / a'l4hLjL, jlsn–8fS6/–Ol~hlgo/, ;+rf/sdL{, pBdL–Joj;foLnufot ;a} k]zf / Joj;fosf g]kfnL hgtfsf] b[9 nf]stflGqs r]tgf, ;+3if{ / ;+sNknfO{ klg g]kfnL sf+u|]; xflb{stfk"0f{ clegGbg ug{ rfxG5 .

§ xfd|f] >4fk"0f{ ;Demgfdf oltv]/ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf nfvf}F h'emf? ;fyLx¿ klg x'g'x'G5 h;n] ljut 5 bzssf] cjlwleq h]n–g]n, lgjf{;gsf] kL8f / d[To'nfO{ ;d]t j/0f u/]/ b]zsf] nf]stflGqs ;+3if{ / r]tgfnfO{ hLljt /fVg dx Œ jk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{eof] . sf+u|];hgsf] of] ;+3if{ ofqf / alnbfgsf] z[v+nf cfh klg /f]lsPsf] 5}g . nf]stGqsf lglDt hLjgsf] alnbfg, c+ue+usf] kL8f, 3/–hUuf / ;DklQ x/0fsf] b'Mv / cfˆgf 3/–kl/jf/af6 6f9f lj:yflkt eO{ d"No r'sfpg] qmd cfh ko{Gt hf/L 5 .

§ xfdL of] dx Œ jk"0f{ 38Ldf @))& ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgqmflGtsf] ul/df / To; qmflGtsf gfos ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ >4fk"j{s ;lDemg rfxG5f}F . @)!& ;fnkl5sf] cToGt sl7g / k|lts"n kl/l:yltdf kf6L{ ;+u7g / nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngnfO{ hLjGt agfO{ /fVg] >4]o g]tf ;'j0f{ zDz]/nfO{ klg >4fk"j{s ;Demg rfxG5f}F . To;}u/L xfdL @)$^ ;fnsf] hg–cfGbf]ngn] k|Hjlnt u/]sf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]gnsf] dzfn / cfGbf]ngsf ;jf]{Rr g]tf u0f]zdfg l;+xsf] cys ;+3if{ufyf / cfGbf]ngkl5sf] ;+qmd0fsfnLg /fhgLltdf >4]o g]tf s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{sf] of]ubfgnfO{ klg :d/0f ug{ rfxG5f}F .

§ o;sf ;fy} lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] cGTo / hgtfsf] ;Dk|e'tf;lxt k"0f{ nf]stGq :yfkgfsf nflu ePsf] zflGtk"0f{ hg–cfGbf]ng @)^@–^# df k|s6 ePsf] cf7 /fhg}lts kf6L{sf] ;'ema'emk"0f{ Pstf / of]ubfgsf] pRr d"NofÍg ub}{ cf7 kf6L{nfO{ ;femf p2]Zo / ;+3if{df 8f]¥ofpg ce"tk"j{ g]t[Tj k|bfg ug]{ >L lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ of] P]ltxfl;s e"ldsfsf nflu xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

§ dw];sf] :jfledfg / clwsf/, ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj / ;+3fTds ;+/rgfsf lglDt p7]sf] dw];L hgtfsf] zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng tyf cflbjf;L–hghfltsf] ljlzi6 eflifs, hftLo / ;f+:s[lts klxrfg / ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLsf nflu ePsf] ;+3if{nfO{ klg g]kfnL sf+u|]; clegGbg ug{ rfxG5 . dlxnf, blnt, k5fl8 k/]sf ljs6 ef}uf]lns If]q, ckfË, e"ldxLg, sd}of, cNk;+Vos d'lZnd ;d'bfonufot ljleGg ju{ / ;d"xåf/f ;fdflhs zf]if0f, c;dfgtf, e]befj / clwsf/ljxLgtfsf lj?4 rnfOPsf zflGtk"0f{ ;+3if{nfO{ xfdL nf]stGqnfO{ hLjGt / kl/0ffdd'vL agfpg] lbzfsf dx Œ jk"0f{ kfOnfsf ¿kdf ;lDemg rfxG5f}F .

§ xfdL of] P]ltxfl;s cj;/df g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfsf+Iffcg'¿k dfcf]jfbL lx+;fTds åGå ;dfKt u/L lbuf] zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ p2]Zon] x:tfIfl/t lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf / o;cg'¿k cufl8 a9]sf] zflGt k|lqmof / o;df ;xefuL ;a} kIfnfO{ xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}F . zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ k|efjsf/L cg'udg ug]{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 Pj+ zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ ;xof]u / ;dy{g ug]{ ;a} ldq/fi6« / cGt/f{li6«o ;+3–;+:yfk|lt g]kfnL sf+u|]; cfef/ k|s6 ub{5 . g]kfnL sf+u|]; of] zflGt k|lqmofk|lt k"0f{ k|ltj4tf k|s6 ub}{ lbuf] zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ hgtfsf] ;+sNknfO{ lglj{Wg k"/f u/L 5f8\g] k|lt1f ug{ rfxG5 . ;fy} zflGt k|lqmofdf ;+nUg ;a} kIfnfO{ hgtfsf] rfxgf / zflGt k|lqmofsf] ;+j]bgzLntfk|lt lg/Gt/ ;hu / uDeL/ /xg cfu|x ub{} ;+ljwfg;efsf] P]ltxfl;s lgjf{rgsf dfWodaf6 zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ k"0f{tf k|bfg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L jxg ug{ cfXjfg ub{5 .

;+ljwfg;ef M o;sf] P]ltxfl;s ;Gbe{

em08} 5 bzsb]lv g]kfnL sf+u|];n] cu'jfO ub}{ cfPsf] g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] s]Gb|Lo t Œ j hgtfsf] ;jf]{Rrtf / hgk|ltlglw zf;gsf] :yfkgf ug'{ /xFb} cfPsf] 5 .

b]z JolQmsf] lghL ;Dkbf / cfh{g xf]Og hgtfsf] /ut–kl;gfsf] ;[li6 xf] . To;}n] b]zsf] zf;g / /fHo ;+rfngsf] sfd /fhf–dxf/fhfsf x's'daf6 xf]Og, hgtfsf] ;xdlt / cledt k|fKt hgk|ltlglwaf6 dfq x'g ;S5 eGg] hgtfsf] ;jf]{kl/tfsf] of] pb\3f]if g]kfnL sf+u|];n] @))^ ;fndf qmflGtsf] 3f]if0ffkqdf pNn]v u/]/ hgqmflGtsf] cfXjfg u/]sf] xf] . ;+ljwfgsf jf:tljs n]vs hgtf dfq x'g\ / /fHo ;+rfngsf] ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ hgtfsf k|ltlglwsf] xf] eGg] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] klxnf] hg3f]if0ff o:tf] lyof] M

æjt{dfg zf;gsf] cGTo eO;s]kl5 g]kfnL sf+u|];n] jflnu dtflwsf/sf] cfwf/df r'lgPsf hgk|ltlglwx¿sf] Pp6f kl/ifb\ jf ;ef af]nfpg] 5 . o;} kl/ifb\ jf ;efnfO{ g]kfn hg/fHosf] ;+ljwfg jf /fHo ;~rfng;DaGwL lgod sfg'g agfpg] ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L ;f}lkOg] 5 .Æ

hgtfsf] ;Dk|e'tf / hgk|ltlglw zf;gsf] of] :ki6 dfu / cfu|x g} g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] pmhf{ / uGtJo aGb} cfof] . g]kfnsf] lg/+s'z /fhtGqn] k6s–k6s hgtfsf] ;jf]{Rrtfsf] oxL clwsf/nfO{ xgg\ ug]{ r]i6f / if8\oGq u¥of] . clg g]kfnL hgtfn] klg k6s–k6s cfˆgf clwsf/ /Iffsf nflu lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] :j]R5frfl/tfnfO{ k/f:t ub}{ /x] . @)^@–^# sf] zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ng g]kfnL hgtfsf] oxL P]ltxfl;s ;+3if{ ofqfsf] ;jf{lws dx Œ jk"0f{ s8L k|dfl0ft eof] . of] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngn] d'n'snfO{ k'gM Psk6s ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf NofO{ k'¥ofP/ cl3Nnf] k':tfsf xfd|f cu|hx¿sf] ;+sNknfO{ k"/f ug]{ cleef/f g]kfnL gofF k':tfsf] sfFwdf ;'lDkPsf] 5 .

s] xf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] dxŒj <

olt nfdf] hgtfsf] ;+3if{ / olt w]/} hgtfsf] /ut kl;gf aufP/ cfPsf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] dx Œ j g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ng / eljiosf] g]kfnL k':tfsf lglDt cgdf]n 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] dx Œ j / cj;/nfO{ Ifl0fs pQ]hgf, efjfj]z, g}/fZo jf c¿ s'g} tfTsflns sf/0faf6 k|efljt eP/ Go"g ug{ jf u'Dg lbg' x'Fb}g .

-s_ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgn] d'n'sdf xfdL g]kfn hgtf Û eGg] Pp6f gofF nf]stflGqs / /fli6«o efjwf/fsf] lgdf{0f ug]{5 . xfdL g]kfnL hgtf klxnf]k6s cfˆgf k|ltlglwdfkm{t cfˆgf nflu cfˆgf] :jfldTjsf] ;+ljwfg n]Vb}5f}F . @ s/f]8 %) nfveGbf a9L g]kfnL hgtfsf] k|ltlglwk"0f{ ;xeflutf / lqmofzLntfåf/f n]lvg] of] gofF ;+ljwfg g]kfnsf] /fli6«o Pstf / nf]stflGqs klxrfgsf] gofF cfwf/ aGg]5 .

-v_ d'n'sn] cfh;Dd k6s–k6s hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] rrf{ u/]sf] / ;'g]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf klxnf]k6s hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] k|of]u / cEof; x'g]5 . /fhgLlt / /fi6« lgdf{0fdf hgtfsf] ;jf]{Rrtf / ;Dk|e'tfsf] lg0ff{os 5fk nfUg]5 .

-u_ ljt]sf @%) jif{b]lv /fhtGqn] g]kfnL hgtfsf] efUosf] km};nf ug]{ pN6f] cEof; x'Fb} cfPsf] lyof] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgn] g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ /fhf / /fhtGqsf] efUosf] km};nf ug]{ P]ltxfl;s cj;/ / clwsf/ :yflkt ub}{5 .

-3_ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg dfcf]jfbL lx+;f / åGånufot /fi6«sf ;a} ;fdflhs–;f+:s[lts åGå ;dfwfg ug]{ df}sf klg xf] . lx+;f / åGån] yfs]sf] b]z / hgtfnfO{ lbuf] zflGtsf] k|Tofe"lt ug]{ / nf]stflGqs k|lqmofåf/f Jofks /fli6«o ;xdltsf] ;'b[9 cfwf/ k|bfg ug]{ cj;/ xf] .

-ª_ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg d'n'ssf] jt{dfg s]Gb|Ls[t / PsfTds /fHosf] :j¿knfO{ ablnP/ ;+3fTds 9fFrfdf /fHosf] nf]stflGqs k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ dfWod klg xf] .

-r_ ;+ljwfg;ef g]kfndf k"0f{ nf]stGq, ;+ljwfgsf] ;jf]{Rrtf / ljlwsf] zf;g :yfkgf ug]{ pRrtd nf]stflGqs cEof; klg xf] .

-5_ ;+ljwfg;ef cGt/f{li6«o hutdf g]kfnsf] k|lti7f a9fpg] / cfly{s ;d[l4sf nflu Jofks cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw, ;xof]u / ;dy{g k|fKt ug]{ cfwf/e"ld klg xf] .

hgcfGbf]ng @)^@–^# df s] lyof] hgtfsf] cfb]z <

-s_ zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ngdf cleJoQm ePsf] hgtfsf] ;jf{lws :ki6 cfb]z lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] cGTo / hgtfsf] ;Dek|'tf;lxt k"0f{ nf]stGqsf] :yfkgf ug'{ g} xf] . /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] :j]R5frfl/tfsf lj?4 nfvf}Fsf] ;+Vofdf ;8sdf cf]ln{Psf g]kfnL hgtfn] hgcfGbf]ngdfkm{t ;a}vfn] clwgfosjfb / cltjfbnfO{ g]kfnL /fhgLltaf6 ;w}+sf] lglDt ;dfKt ug]{ cfsf+Iff k|s6 u/]sf x'g\ .

-v_ dfcf]jfbL lx+;fTds ljb|f]x / /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] clwgfosjfbL zf;gsf] k|ltlx+;fn] cfqmfGt g]kfnL hgtfsf] csf]{ :ki6 cfb]z lx+;fsf] cGTo / lbuf] zflGtsf] :yfkgf ug'{ lyof] . g]kfnL hgtfn] lx+;f–o'4, ad / aGb'ssf] qf;bLaf6 d'lQm tyf zflGtk"0f{ hLjg / hLljsfsf] k|Tofe"lt zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ngsf] dfWodaf6 rfx]sf x'g\ .

-u_ hg–cfGbf]ngdfkm{t g]kfnL hgtfn] k'/ftg /fHo ;+/rgf / zf;gsf] cGTo u/L /fHosf] nf]stflGqs 9+un] k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ rfxgf klg cleJoQm u/]sf x'g\ . /fHosf] jt{dfg ;+/rgf cfly{s–;fdflhs–/fhg}lts lje]b / c;dfgtf l;h{gf ug]{ 9+usf] ePsf] x'Fbf ;a} vfn] c;dfgtfsf] cGTo ug]{ u/L ;dfj]zL Gofok"0f{ / nf]stflGqs /fHosf] /rgf hgcfGbf]ngsf] csf]{ dx Œ jk"0f{ cfb]z lyof] .

of] hgfb]z k"/f ug]{ Ps dfq zflGtk"0f{ / ljlw;Ddt k|lqmof eg]sf] @)^$ ;fn d+l;/ ^ ut]sf lbg x'g] ;+ljwfg;efsf] P]ltxfl;s lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug'{ xf] / hgk|ltlglwåf/f klxnf]k6s lgdf{0f ul/g] hgtfsf] :jfldTjsf] gofF nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ xf] . of] ;j{:jLs[t ljlw / nf]stflGqs k|lqmofsf] pNn+3g ug]{ r]i6f ubf{ hgcfGbf]ngsf] pknlAw t'lxg ;Sg] vt/f pTkGg x'g ;S5 eGg] oyfy{k|lt xfdL ;a}sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg rfxG5f}F .

;+ljwfg;ef M ;femf ;+sNk / uGtJo

@))& ;fnsf] hgqmflGtsf] ;kmntfkl5 ag]sf] cGtl/d zf;g ljwfg, @))& sf] p2]Zo / argj4tfcg'¿k ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg /fhfsf] a9\bf] dx Œ jfsf+Iff / jrgRo"t x'g] k|j[lQsf sf/0f x'g glbOPkl5 b]zsf] /fhgLlt jflnu dtflwsf/sf] cfwf/df ;+;bsf] lgjf{rg ug]{ ljsNktkm{ df]l8of] .

@)!% ;fnsf] ;+;bLo lgjf{rgdf cTolws ax'dt k|fKt g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;/sf/n] ;Lldt ;Defjgfleq klg hgtfsf clwsf/nfO{ lj:tfl/t ug]{ k|oTg ug{ yfn]kl5 /fhf dx]Gb|nfO{ o:tf] ;Lldt nf]stflGqs k|of]u klg ;Xo ePg . /fhfsf] lg/+s'z ;}Go sf/jfxLn] @)!& ;fndf hglgjf{lrt ;+;b, ;/sf/ / hgtfsf ;Dk"0f{ ;+j}wflgs clwsf/ ckxl/t eP . To;kl5sf k~rfotL zf;gsf] b'O{ bzs nfdf] sfn/fqLsf lj?4 g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] cu'jfOdf hf/L lg/Gt/ ;+3if{, /fli6«o Pstf tyf d]nldnfksf] cfXjfg ub}{ aL=kL= sf]O/fnf / u0f]zdfg l;+xn] lgjf{;g TofuL :jb]z cfudgn] l;h{gf u/]sf] Jofks hgbjfj tyf t?0f–ljBfyL{x¿sf] nf]stflGqs kl/jt{gsf lglDt h'emf? ;+3if{sf] k[i7e"lddf @)#^ ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgdt ;+u|xsf] 3f]if0ff eP klg /fhfsf] lg/+s'z;Qfåf/f hgdt ;+u|xsf] kl/0ffd hgtfsf cledt / cfsf+Iff ljk/Lt 3f]if0ff ul/of] . kmn:j¿k d'n'sdf nf]stGq / ;+ljwfgjfbsf] ljsf;qmdn] @)$^ ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf] cjlw;Dd lg0ff{os j]u / kl/0ffd kfpg ;s]g .

hg–cfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntfkl5 @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf hgcfGbf]ngsf] efjgf d'vl/t ug{ hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qfsf] ;|f]t hgtf x'g\ eGg] dfGotf, ax'bnLo ;+;bLo zf;g k|0ffnL / hgtfsf cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/h:tf dx Œ jk"0f{ pknlAw k|fKt eP klg hgtf / /fhfsf aLr ;Demf}tfsf ¿kdf cfPsf] @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg pu|blIf0fkGyL cltjfb / pu|jfdkGyL cltjfbaf6 k|xf/ eP/ IftljIft eof] . dfcf]jfbL lx+;fTds hgo'4af6 @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg cfqmd0fdf k/]s} a]nf pu|blIf0fkGyL cltjfbnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ub}{ /fhf 1fg]Gb|af6 c;f]h !*, @)%( df ;Demf}tfRo"t x'Fb} @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgdfly ;Lwf k|xf/ eof], h;sf] pTsif{ !( df3 @)^! df /fhfsf] k|ToIf / ;}Go andf cfwfl/t zf;gdf k|s6 x'g k'Uof] .

pu|jfdkGyL cltjfb / pu|blIf0fkGyL cltjfbaf6 d'n'snfO{ d'lQm lbnfpg, lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] cGTo ug{ / hgtfsf] ;Dk|e'tf;lxt k"0f{ nf]stGqsf] :yfkgf ug]{ p2]Zosf] nflu lj3l6t k|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yf{kgf tyf k|ltlglw;efsf] dfWodåf/f ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;'lglZrt u/L d'n'sdf ljBdfg ;a} åGåsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ P]ltxfl;s cu|;/tf g]kfnL sf+u|];n] lnPkl5 @)^@ ;fn j}zfv @% ut] ;ft /fhg}lts kf6L{n] cfˆgf ;femf k|ltj4tf ;fj{hlgs ub}{ 3f]if0ff u/] M

æd'n'sdf ljBdfg ;a} åGånfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ ;+ljwfg;efnufot ;a} k|hftflGqs k|lqmofnfO{ cjnDag ug{ t}of/ /xg] k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5f}F .Æ

@)^@ ;fn efb|df ;DkGg g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] dxflwj]zgn] ^ bzs cl3b]lv ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqnfO{ kf6L{sf] p2]Zo dfGb} cfPsf] wf/0ffnfO{ kl/Tofu u/L ;dfj]zL / hgtfsf] ;Dk|e'tf;lxtsf] k"0f{ nf]stGqsf] p2]Zodf kf6L{nfO{ s]lGb|t ug]{ o'ufGtsf/L lg0f{o u¥of] . sf+u|];sf] of] P]ltxfl;s lg0f{okl5 lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] cGTo, k"0f{ nf]stGqsf] :yfkgf / /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfsf lglDt ;+ljwfg;ef /fli6«o /fhgLltsf] :jLsfo{ ljsNk aGg uof] .

dfcf]jfbL lx+;fTds åGåsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ cu|;/tf g]kfnL sf+u|];n] dfq ;kmntfk"j{s lgjf{x ug{ ;S5 eGg] 7x/ ub}{ g]kfnL sf+u|];n] To;cl3 g} kf6L{ ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ dfcf]jfbL kIf;Fu ;fy{s ;+jfbsf] kxn ug]{ lhDd]jf/L k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] .

/fhg}lts lgsf;sf] o:tf] af6f] k|:tfljt u/L dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;d]t lx+;fTds cfGbf]ngsf] af6f] Tofu]/ zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ngsf] dfWodaf6 lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] cGTo / hgtfsf] ;Dk|e'tf;lxt k"0f{ nf]stGq :yfkgf, ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{Tds k|0ffnL, gful/s :jtGqtf, df}lns xs, dfgj clwsf/, sfg'gsf] /fHo / /fHosf] nf]stflGqs k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ ;+sNk;lxtsf] cf7 kf6L{sf] !@ j'Fb] ;dembf/Lsf] kl/lwleq Nofpg g]kfnL sf+u|]; kf6L{ / kf6L{sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfåf/f P]ltxfl;s e"ldsfsf] lgjf{x eof] . of] dx Œ jk"0f{ ;dembf/Ln] zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngsf] af6f] lglj{Wg vf]n]kl5 hgcfGbf]ng pTsif{df k'Ug yfNof] .

@)^@–^# sf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ng ;ft /fhg}lts kf6L{sf] dfu{lrqcg'¿k d'n'ssf ;a} åGå / ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ lj3l6t k|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yf{kgfsf] 3f]if0ffkl5 ljlwjt ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;'lglZrt ug]{ ;+j}wflgs k|lqmoftkm{ pGd'v eof] . k'g:yf{lkt k|ltlglw;efsf] klxnf] a}7sn] k|:tfj kfl/t ub}{ 3f]if0ff u¥of]–

æb]zsf] ljBdfg uDeL/ ;+s6sf] lgsf; lbgsf nflu gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZos ePsf]n] k|ltlglw;efsf] of] a}7s ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf hfg] ;+sNk;lxt lg0f{o ub{5 .Æ

;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;'lglZrt ug]{ csf]{ dx Œ jk"0f{ lg0f{o h]7 $, @)^# sf] k|ltlglw;ef 3f]if0ffn] u¥of] . of] 3f]if0ffn] /fhfnfO{ zf;gsf ;a} clwsf/af6 jl~rt ub}{ hgtfsf] ;Dk|e'tf / k|ltlglw;efnfO{ hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d ;+;bdf ¿kfGt/0f u¥of] . of] /fhg}lts lgsf; / ;+sNknfO{ j}wflgs cfwf/ / c¿ Jofks /fhg}lts ;dy{gsf] cfwf/ lgdf{0f ug]{ sfd ;ft /fhg}lts kf6L{ / g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ sf aLrsf] ;xdlt, g]kfn ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLsf aLr ;DkGg lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf / cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] 3f]if0ff / dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] cGtl/d ;+;b / ;/sf/df k|j]zsf] 36gfn] u¥of] .

k'g:yf{lkt k|ltlglw;ef / cGtl/d ;+;bn] ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:o lgjf{rg P]g, @)^$ nufot cGo cfjZos P]g kfl/t u/]/ ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf nflu cfjZos sfg'gL–k|zf;lgs / ;f+u7lgs cfwf/ ;'lglZrt u/L ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgnfO{ d+l;/ ^ ut] @)^$ sf lbg hgtfsf] cfugdf NofOk'¥ofPsf] 5 .

;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf d"n cfwf/ / l;4fGt

;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;+;bLo lgjf{rgh:t} ;/sf/ agfpg] lgjf{rg dfq xf]Og, of] b]z rnfpg] d"n sfg'g lgdf{0f ug]{ / /fHosf] ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug]{ lgjf{rg xf] . ;+ljwfg ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL hgtfsf] rf;f] / ;dy{g k|fKt b]zsf] d"n sfg'g x'g] ePsfn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofdf ;a} hgtf / kIfsf] ;xdlt / ;xeflutf k|f]T;flxt ug{ cfjZos x'G5 eGg] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] dfGotf 5 . oxL sf/0fn] ubf{ ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg k|0ffnLnfO{ ;dfj]zL / ;xeflutfd"ns agfpg] k|of; x'g'k5{ / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmofnfO{ klg ax'dt / cNkdtsf] ljefhgåf/f xf]Og ;xdltsf] k|of;åf/f 6'+uf] nufpg] ljlw cjnDag ul/g'kb{5 eGg] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] wf/0ff /x]sf] 5 .

@)^@–^# ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf qmddf hgtfåf/f cleJoQm efjgf, cfGbf]ngsf/L /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿sf dfem ePsf P]ltxfl;s ;xdlt / ;dembf/L, lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf / g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^#, dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ff, !($* nufot g]kfn /fi6« kIf ePsf xfd|f cGt/f{li6«o k|lta4tfx¿n] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf d"n cfwf/ / l;4fGtx¿sf] dfu{bz{g ub{5 . g]kfnL sf+u|]; hgtfsf aLrdf rlr{t / ;+u|lxt log} nf]stflGqs ;+j}wflgs l;4fGtx¿nfO{ ;dy{g ub}{ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] lgDg lnlvt cfwf/ / l;4fGtx¿df pleP/ /fli6«o ;xdlt sfod ug]{ k|ltj4tf k|s6 ug{ rfxG5 .

-s_ /fli6«o Pstf M g]kfn /fi6«df ljBdfg hftLo, eflifs, ;f+:s[lts, If]qLonufot ;a} k|sf/sf ljljwtfnfO{ k|ltlglwTj, ;dGjo / ;Dj4{g ub}{ g]kfnL hgtfaLr ;b\efj Pj+ ;f}xfb|tfnfO{ cIf'00f /fVb} g]kfnsf] /fli6«o Pstf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jtGq Pj+ cv08 JolQmTjnfO{ ;'lglZrt / ;'b[9 ul/g] 5 .

-v_ hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qf M ;+ljwfg;efåf/f ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] d"n cfwf/ ;Dk|e' hgtf x'g\ . To;}n] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf k"0f{ ¿kn] hgtfdf lglxt /xg] 5 .

-u_ ;+ljwfgsf] ;jf]{Rrtf M ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/åf/f lgdf{0f ul/Psf] ;+ljwfgsf] ;jf]{Rrtf cg'Nn+3gLo x'g]5 .

-3_ g]kfn /fHosf] :j¿k M g]kfn Ps :jtGq / ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg k"0f{ nf]stflGqs ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds /fHo x'g]5 .

-ª_ /fi6« k|d'vsf] lgjf{rg M g]kfnsf] eflifs–hftLo–;f+:s[lts ljljwtf / wfld{s ax'ntfnfO{ k|ltljlDat ug]{ dxfg\ p2]Zo / nf]stflGqs k|lqmofcg'¿k /fi6« k|d'vsf] lgjf{rg s]Gb|Lo ;+;b / k|fb]lzs ;+;bsf ;b:ox¿af6 x'g]5 .

-r_ dfgj clwsf/, df}lns xs Pj+ gful/s tyf /fhgLlts :jtGqtf M dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ff !($* tyf cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg'gåf/f Jojl:yt / kl/eflift Pj+ lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf–@)^# / g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# df k|ltj4tf ul/Psf dfgj clwsf/ / cs'l07t k|]; :jtGqtf;lxt gful/ssf /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, eflifs Pj+ ;f+:s[lts xsnufot ;a} j}olQms clwsf/ Pj+ :jtGqtfnfO{ ;'/lIft ul/g] 5 .

-5_ ;DklQsf] xs M ;a} gful/snfO{ cfˆgf] OR5fcg';f/ pBd / Joj;fosf] :jtGqtfsf] xs x'g]5 . o;sf ;fy} JolQmsf] ;DklQsf] xs k"0f{ ¿kn] k|Tofe"t ul/g] 5 .

-h_ wd{ lg/k]Iftf / wfld{s :jtGqtf M /fHo wd{ lg/k]If x'g]5 . /fHon] s'g} wd{sf] kIf / ljkIf lng] 5}g . wd{nfO{ JolQmut ljZjf; / lgi7fsf] ljifo dflgg] 5 . k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfˆgf] ljZjf;cg';f/ wd{ / pkf;gf k4lt u|x0f ug{] / gug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 . ;dfhdf wfld{s ;lxi0f'tfsf] jftfj/0f sfod /fVg' /fHosf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

-em_ ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs k4lt M jflnu dtflwsf/, cfjlws lgjf{rg, ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{, zlQm k[ysLs/0f, ;+j}wflgs ;Gt'ng / lgoGq0f, :jtGq Gofokflnsf, :jtGq k|];, ljlwsf] zf;g, ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj;lxtsf] pQ/bfoL, kf/bzL{ / ;dfj]zLk"0f{ zf;g k|0ffnLsf] lgdf{0f ul/g] 5 .

-`_ ;+3Lo /fHo ;+/rgf M g]kfnsf] jt{dfg PsfTds / s]Gb|Ls[t /fHo ;+/rgfsf] cGTo u/L :jfoQ k|b]zx¿ ePsf] ;+3Lo /fHo agfOg] 5 . :jfoQ k|b]z /rgfsf k|d'v cfwf/x¿ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o cv08tf, ;femf gful/stf, ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt / cg's"ntf, hg;+Vof, k|fs[lts ;|f]t / cfly{s ;+efJotf, k|b]zx¿sf] cGt/;DaGw, eflifs÷hftLo Pj+ ;f+:s[lts ;3gtf, /fhgLlts÷k|zf;lgs ;DefJotf cflb x'g]5g\ .

-6_ :jtGq ;+j}wflgs c+ux¿ M zlQm / clwsf/sf] b'¿kof]u lgoGq0f, e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf ;fy} hglgjf{lrt Pj+ pQ/bfoL zf;gsf] ;'lgZro ug{ lgjf{rg cfof]u, dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, nf]s;]jf cfof]u, dxfn]vf k/LIfs, e|i6frf/ tyf clVtof/ b'¿kof]u lgoGq0f cfof]uh:tf :jtGq ;+j}wflgs cfof]ux¿sf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .

-7_ ljljwtfdf Pstf M g]kfn efiff, hflt, ;+:s[lt tyf ;fdflhs ljljwtfn] el/Psf] b]z xf] . of] g]kfn /fi6«s} ;Dkbf xf] . o;nfO{ s'g} Psn efiff, hflt, ;+:s[ltsf cfwf/df s'l07t ul/g'x'Gg . o;sf] ;Ddfg, klxrfg / xs÷clwsf/sf] ;+j}wflgs dfGotfsf ;fy} ;Dj4{gsf nflu :jtGq ;+j}wflgs ;+:yfut Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .

-9_ ax'eflifs /fHo M g]kfnsf ;a} dft[efiffnfO{ ;dfg ¿kn] /fli6«o efiff dflgg] 5 . g]kfnL efiff s]Gb|sf nflu ;/sf/L sfdsfh / /fli6«o ;Dks{ efiff x'g]5 . s'g k|b]zn] s'g–s'g efiffnfO{ k|fb]lzs ;/sf/L efiffsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{ eGg] lg0f{o ;DalGwt k|b]zsf] Joj:yflksf -;+;b_n] ug]{5 . s]Gb|, k|b]z / :yfgLo lgsfon] sfg'gadf]hd tf]lsPsf] cf}krfl/s efiff k|of]u u/]] klg Gofofno / ;/sf/L sfof{nodf ;a} gful/snfO{ dft[efiffdf cfkm\gf] egfO /fVg] clwsf/ x'g]5 .

-0f_ :jtGq, ;Ifd / pQ/bfoL Gofo k|0ffnL M nf]stflGqs d"No k4ltsf] hu]gf{ ub}{ ljlwsf] zf;g / ;+j}wflgs ;jf]{Rrtf sfod u/fpg] d"n lhDd]jf/L Gofokflnsfsf] x'g]5 . s]Gb|df ;jf]{Rr cbfnt / k|b]zdf cfjZostfcg';f/ k'g/fj]bg / cGo cbfnt x'g]5g\ .

§ Gofofno :jtGq / pQ/bfoL dfq} xf]Og ;Ifd / lgikIf klg x'g]5 . ljBdfg sfg'gsf] pbf/ JofVofåf/f Gofosf kIfdf pleg] sfd Gofofnon] ug]{5 .

§ GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo'lQm k|lqmof ;+;bdfkm{t x'g] ;fj{hlgs ;'gjfOsf] ljlwåf/f ;DkGg x'g]5 . GofofwLz Go"gtd of]Uotf k'u]sf, Gofo If]qdf cfkm\gf] Ifdtf / of]ubfg lbPsf cfwf/df lgo'lQmsf nflu k|:tfljt ul/g] 5g\ .

§ Joj:yflksf -;+;b_åf/f lgld{t sfg'gadf]lhd GofofwLznfO{ ;+;bn] dxfcleof]u nufpg] / lg0f{o ug]{ k|fjwfg ;+ljwfgdf g} x'g]5 .

§ lgikIf / l56f]–5l/tf] 9+un] cfdhgtfsf lglDt Gofo lbnfpg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrtf ug{ Gofofnosf s'g} klg txdf k/]sf d'2fx¿sf] Pp6f lglZrt ;dotflnsfleq lg0f{o ug]{ kl/kf6L sfod ul/g] 5 .

-t_ /fli6«o ;'/Iff k|0ffnL M

§ a[xb\ /fli6«o ;'/Iff gLlt th'{df ubf{ d'n'ssf] ;Ldf ;'/Iff, cfGtl/s zflGt ;'/Iff;Fu} uDeL/ ljQLo ;+s6, k|fs[lts ljkbf, vfB Pj+ pmhf{ ;+s6 cflbaf6 pTkGg x'g ;Sg] ;'/Iff ;+s6nfO{ ;Daf]wg ul/g] 5 .

§ /fli6«o ;'/Iffsf] hu]{gf ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ;]gfsf] dfq geO{ d'n'ssf ;a} hgtfsf] xf] eGg] ;'/Iff gLltsf] dfGotf :yflkt ul/g] 5 .

§ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;+Vof, :j¿k, bfloTj / cf}lrTosf ;DaGwdf ;du| ¿kdf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L casf] cfjZostfcg'¿k /fli6«o :j¿k kl/nlIft x'g] u/L Pj+ ;]gfsf] Jofj;flos rl/q ;'lglZrt u/L k'g;{+/rgf ul/g] 5 .

§ ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf -;+;b_k|lt pQ/bfoL x'Fb} s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/n] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgoGq0f, Joj:yfkg / ;+rfng ug]{5 .

/fHosf] st{Jo M ;+j[4 / ;dtfd"ns ;dfh

b]zdf Jofks pBdzLntf / nufgL k|j4{g ug{ cg's"n jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ bfloTj;Fu} /fHon] lzIff–:jf:Yo ;]jf, ;a}sf nflu vfBfGg, /f]huf/L, >d clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt, o'jf k':tfsf nflu cfznfUbf] eljio, dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L–hghflt, lk5l8Psf] If]q, dw];L ;d'bfo, afnaflnsf, j[4–j[4f Pj+ ckfËsf nflu ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dtf ;'lglZrt ug{] st{Jo lgjf{x ug]{5 .

lzIff M ;a} g]kfnL gful/snfO{ cfwf/e"t lzIff k|fKt ug]{ df}lns xs /xg] 5 / !@ sIff;Ddsf] ljBfno lzIff pknAw u/fpg' /fHosf] bfloTj x'g]5 . ljBfno txsf] lzIffdf a9\bf] Jofkf/Ls/0f– ;/sf/L ljBfnox¿df vl:sFb} uPsf] u'0f:t/ / hh{/ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf wgL / ul/a ljBfyL{sf nflu lje]bsf/L lzIff k|0ffnLsf] cGTo ug'{ /fHosf] sQ{Jo x'g]5 . o;sf ;fy} lghL If]qsf] Jofks ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ub}{ k|fljlws / /f]huf/Ld"ns, cGt/f{li6«o :t/df k|lt:kwL{ aGg ;Sg] ljZjljBfno lzIff / b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf;sf qmddf rflxg] hgzlQm pTkfbg ug]{ lzIff k|0ffnLnfO{ /fHon] k|j4{g ug]{5 . o;sf ;fy} z}lIfs ;+:yfsf] :jfoQtf Pj+ k]zfut ;'/Iff / k|fl1s :jtGqtfsf] k|Tofe"lt ul/g] 5 .

:jf:Yo M b]zsf ;a} gful/snfO{ cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] cj;/ l;h{gf ug'{ /fHosf] sQ{Jo x'g]5 . Go"g cfo ePsf hgtf vf;u/L u|fdL0f / b'u{d e]usf hgtf, afnaflnsf / dlxnfn] ;xh} :jf:Yo ;]jf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] u/L ;/sf/L c:ktfnsf] ;~hfn / u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf, :jf:Yo jLdf ;'lglZrt ug'{ /fHosf] bfloTj x'g]5 . dft[–lzz' :jf:Yo ;]jfsf ;DaGwdf /fHon] cfdf / gjhft lzz'sf] afFRg kfpg] g};lu{s clwsf/nfO{ ;'/lIft ug]{5 . b]zleq} :jf:Yo If]qsf] hgzlQm pTkfbgdf hf]8 / :jf:Yo ;]jf If]qsf] u'0f:t/Lotfsf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg /fHosf] sQ{Jo x'g]5 .

vfB ;'/Iff M ;a} g]kfnLnfO{ vfBfGgsf] pknAwtf ;'lglZrt ug'{, ef]s–csfn / s'kf]if0faf6 gful/s hLjgsf] /Iff ug'{ /fHosf] k|fylds st{Jo x'g]5 . vfBfGg pTkfbg / cfk"lt{sf] k|efjsf/L cg'udgåf/f æef]s / s'kf]if0fsf lj?4 o'4Æ åf/f vfB ;'/Iff ;'lglZrt ug'{ /fHosf] cfwf/e"t p2]Zo x'g]5 .

/f]huf/L M ;a} gful/snfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] k|Tofe"lt ug'{ /fHosf] cfwf/e"t p2]Zo x'g]5 . Jofks nufgL k|j4{gåf/f pRr cfly{s j[l4, s[lif, ko{6g / hn;|f]th:tf If]qsf] tLj| ljsf;, u|fdL0f If]qdf Jofks k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f Pj+ /f]huf/d"ns lzIffåf/f ;a}sf nflu /f]huf/L ;'lglZrt ug'{ /fHosf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

ul/aL lgjf/0fsf] /fli6«o cleofg M b'u{d ef}uf]lns If]q, u|fdL0f / ;x/L If]qdf ;d]t ul/aL, a]/f]huf/L / cj;/ gkfP/ k5fl8 k/]sf g]kfnL hgtfsf lglDt cfo cfh{g / /f]huf/L, lzIff, :jf:Yo, tflnd / cfjf;sf] /fli6«o cleofgåf/f lglZrt ;do cjlwleq ul/aL–lgjf/0f ug'{ /fHosf] sQ{Jo x'g]5 .

>lds÷dhb'/ clwsf/sf] /Iff / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff M >dhLjL g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ cfwf/e"t >d clwsf/, dof{lbt /f]huf/L, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / Gofosf] k|Tofe"lt ug'{ /fHosf] st{Jo x'g]5 . >ldsx¿sf] lxt ;+/If0fsf nflu ;fdflhs ;+jfb / ;fd"lxs ;f}bfjfhLsf] k|lqmofnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g] 5 . g]kfnL sf+u|]; d'n'sn] u/]sf] cGt/f{li6«o k|ltj4tfcg'¿k k|d'v >d dfkb08 (Core Labour Standard/ILO) nfO{ hf]8bf/ ;dy{g ub{5 .

o'jf k':tfsf] cfzfk"0f{ eljiosf] ;'lglZrttf M b]zsf] s"n hg;+Vofdf o'jf pd]/ ;d"xsf] afx'Notfsf sf/0f g]kfn j:t'tM o'jfx¿sf] b]z ePsf] 5 . b]zsf] ;a}eGbf pmhf{zLn / sNkgfzLn o'jf k':tfnfO{ lzIff–/f]huf/L–v]ns'bdf ;+nUgtf / b'Jo{;gaf6 d'lQmsf] k|Tofe"lt ub}{ cfzfk"0f{ eljio ;'lglZrt ug'{ /fHosf] st{Jo x'g]5 . ;dsfnLg ljZj 1fg / k|ljlw zlQmsf] c;dfg ljt/0f / pknAwtfsf sf/0f gofF 9+usf] c;Gt'ng / lje]btkm{ pGd'v 5 . To;}n] b]zsf] o'jf k':tfnfO{ 1fg / k|ljlw zlQmo'Qm agfP/ cfzfk"0f{ eljio ;'lglZrt ug'{ /fHosf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

e"=k"= ;}lgs, ;]jf lgj[Q k|x/L / sd{rf/L M cg'ej, ;Lk / tflndsf] pkof]u M /fHon] e"tk"j{ ;}lgs Pj+ ;]jf lgj[Q k|x/L / sd{rf/Lx¿sf] cg'ej, ;Lk, tflnd Pj+ IfdtfnfO{ b]z / ;dfhsf] lxtdf k|of]u ug]{5 . o; lglDt ;a}nfO{ cfly{s b[li6n] ;lqmo agfpFb} pTkfbgzLn sfo{df ;+nUg ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ul/g] 5 .

dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L–hghflt, lk5l8Psf If]q / dw];L ;d'bfosf] ;dfj]zL ;xeflutf M b]zsf] s"n hg;+Vofsf] cfwfeGbf a9L lx:;f cf]u6\g] dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L–hghflt, s0ff{nL / ;'b"/klZrdf~rnsf ljs6 If]q / dw];L ;d'bfoleq ul/aL / cfwf/e"t cj;/af6 jl~rt ePsfx¿sf] ;+Vof cTolws 5 . To;}n] ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dtfsf] ;'lglZrttfsf nflu oL ju{ / ;d'bfonfO{ /fHosf ;a} c+udf plrt 9+un] ;dfj]z / k|ltlglwTj u/fO{ / lognfO{ nlIft u/L cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts ;dtf / ;Dj[l4sf] /fli6«o cleofg ;+rfng ug]{ Ph]08f /fHosf] k|fylds st{Jo x'g]5 .

afnaflnsfsf] klxrfg / kf]if0f M s'kf]if0f / ckof{Kt :jf:Yo ;'ljwfsf sf/0faf6 x'g] csfn d[To'af6 afnaflnsfsf] hLjg /Iff /fHosf] bfloTj x'g]5 . afnaflnsfnfO{ cfˆgf] klxrfg / gfdsf] xs x'g]5 . ;fy} afnaflnsfnfO{ plrt kfng kf]if0f, lzIff, cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff Pj+ zf]if0flj?4sf] xs;lxt afn clwsf/sf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .

ckf·x¿sf] ;xeflutf / k|ltlglwTj M d'n'ssf] hg;+Vofdf pNn]Vo ;+Vofdf /x]sf ckfËx¿nfO{ /fHo ;+/rgfdf plrt k|ltlglwTj / ;xeflutfsf] Joj:yf ub}{ ;fj{hlgs :ynnfO{ ckfË d}qL agfpFb} lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/Lsf] ;d'lrt k|aGw ul/g] 5 .

jftfj/0f ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg M /fHon] kfgL, jfo', e"ld, Wjlg tyf cGtl/IfnfO{ k|b"if0faf6 d'Qm ug]{ k|oTgsf ;fy} k|fs[lts jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0f, lbuf] pkof]u / Joj:yfkg ug]{5 . t/fO{sf] df6f]sf] pa{/tfsf] /Iff, af9L lgoGq0f / e":vng lgoGq0f ug{ r'/] / dxfef/t z[v+nfdf jg h+un, df6f] / hnsf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkg /fHosf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

;+ljwfg;efdf sf+u|];sf] Ph]08f

-s_ ;+3Lo u0ftflGqs /fHo / ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs zf;g k|0ffnL M

/fli6«otf–nf]stGq / ;dfhjfbsf] d"n k|]/0ffaf6 ;+ul7t / lqmofzLn g]kfnL sf+u|]; cfˆgf] 5 bzs nfdf] nf]stflGqs ;+3if{ ofqfdf hgtfsf] ;Dk|e'tf / hgk|ltlglw zf;gsf] d"n d'2fdf s]lGb|t /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . b]z hgtfsf] xf], To;}n] hgtf ;Dk|e' x'g\ . hgtf ;Dk|e' x'g\, To;}n] zf;gsf] clwsf/ / j}wtfsf] ;|f]t hgtfsf] cledt dfq x'g ;S5 . nf]stflGqs zf;gsf] of] d"ne"t dfGotf / hg–clwsf/nfO{ g]kfnsf] /fhtGqn] k6s–k6s cltqmd0f / ckx/0f ug]{ k|of; ul//x]sf sf/0f hgtf / /fhtGqsf aLr lg/Gt/ åGå rNb} cfPsf] xf] . hgtfsf cfwf/e"t clwsf/dfly cltqmd0f gug]{ u/L ;+j}wflgs ;Demf}tfdf jrga4 ;+j}wflgs /fhfn] ;d]t k6s–k6s jrgRo"t x'g] u/]sf sf/0f /fhtGqn] ;dsfnLg g]kfnL /fhgLltdf cfˆgf] cf}lrTo / ;fGble{stf u'dfPsf] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] 7x/ 5 .

5 bzs nfdf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngn] g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;fdYo{ / nf]stflGqs r]tgfnfO{ ce"tk"j{ 9+un] kl/is[t / pGgt agfPsf] 5 . hgtf cfˆgf lglDt cfkm} ;+ljwfg n]Vg rfxG5g\— b]zsf] zf;g k|aGw / cfly{s ;Dj[l4sf] af6f] cfˆgf k|ltlglwdfkm{t cfkm} lgdf{0f ug{ rfxG5g\ . hgtf lx+;f / ;}Go andf cfwfl/t /fhg}lts ;f]r / ;QfnfO{ ;w}+sf] lglDt c:jLsf/ ug{ rfxG5g\ . hgtf cfˆgf] ;xdlt gePsf] / cfkm"n] cg'df]bg gu/]sf] ;QfnfO{ lt/:sf/ ug{ rfxG5g\ .

g]kfnsf] /fhtGq d"ntM lx+;fdf cfwfl/t /Xof] / /fhfsf] ;Qf ;3}+ ;}Go andf cfwfl/t /xof] . /fhtGq hgtfsf cledtaf6 cg'df]lbt ;Qf klg xf]Og . g]kfnL hgtfn] @)^@–^# sf] zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ngdf ;a} vfn] lx+;f / lx+;fdf cfwfl/t ;QfnfO{ ˆofSg] ;+sNk u/]sf x'g\, ;}Go anåf/f :yflkt zf;gsf lj?4 ljb|f]x u/]sf x'g\ / cfˆgf] ;xdlt gePsf] ;QfnfO{ ˆofSg] pb\3f]if u/]sf x'g\ . g]kfnL hgtfsf] o:tf] cfsf+Iff PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLsf] nf]stGqsf] cfwf/e"t rl/q / ljz]iftf xf] .

hgtfsf] oxL rfxgf / o'usf] dfunfO{ ;Ddfg ub}{ g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;+ljwfg;efdf g]kfnnfO{ ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds /fHo agfpg] / ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs zf;g k|0ffnLsf] cjnDag ug]{ k|d'v Ph]08f;lxt hgtfsf] dfemdf cfPsf] 5 .

/fhtGqsf] cGTon] dfq jf:tljs u0ftGqsf] ;'lglZrttf x'Fb}g . hgtfsf] ;+k|e'tf, ;+ljwfgsf] ;jf]{Rrtf, hgk|ltlglw zf;g / gful/s clwsf/ / :jtGqtfo'Qm ;+j}wflgs k|Tofe"ltn] dfq jf:tljs hgtGq jf u0ftGq ;'lglZrt x'g ;S5 . u0ftGqsf] gfddf ;}Gojfb, sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] clwgfosjfb jf wfld{s Psflwsf/jfbsf] kIfkf]if0f ug]{ s'g} klg ljrf/, bz{g / k|of]u g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ :jLsfo{ x'Fb}g .

g]kfnsf] pu|jfdkGyL cfGbf]ng klg lx+;fdf cfwfl/t 5 . g]kfnsf] pu|jfdkGyL cfGbf]ng klg ;}Go anåf/f ;Qf sAhf ug]{ ;}GojfbL dgf]lj1fgdf cfwfl/t 5 . g]kfnsf] pu|jfdkGyL cfGbf]ng klg hgtfsf] ;xdltaf6 zf;g xf]Og, hgtfsf] bdgaf6 zf;g ug]{ bz{g / Jojxf/af6 ;+rflnt 5 .

/fhtGqsf] 3f]/ blIf0fkGyL cltjfb / pu|jfdkGyL cltjfbn] l;h{gf u/]sf] lx+;f / ;}Go ansf] rqmJo"xaf6 b]znfO{ hf]ufpg b'j} vfn] cltjfbnfO{ lt/:s[t ub}{ zflGt / ;+j[l4;lxtsf] nf]stflGqs g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ g} ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] k|d'v Ph]08f xf] .

o; p2]ZonfO{ k|fKt ug{ g]kfnL sf+u|];n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] a}7sdf o:tf] Ph]08f k|:t't ug]{ k|ltj4tf k|s6 ub{5 M

!= g]kfnL hgtfsf] ce"tk"j{ ;xeflutfdf ;DkGg a[xt\ zflGtk"0f{ hg–cfGbf]ng -@)^@÷^#_ df lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf lj?4 g]kfnL hgtfn] hf]8bf/ ¿kdf cleJoQm u/]sf] cfjfhnfO{ ;Ddfg ub}{ P]ltxfl;s ¿kdf e/v/} ;DkGg ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf k|s6 g]kfnL hgtfsf] j}wflgs hgfb]znfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ g]kfndf xfn;Dd sfod /x]sf] zfxj+zLo /fhtGqnfO{ ;dfKt u/L g]kfnnfO{ Ps :jtGq ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg k"0f{ nf]stflGqs ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds /fHo 3f]if0ff ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfj .

@= @)^@ d+l;/ & sf] afx| a'Fb] ;dembf/Lb]lv g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;ljwfg -@)^#_ hf/L / ;+zf]wg ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/, ;ft bn / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_aLr ePsf nf]stGq, gful/s xs–clwsf/, /fHo ;+/rgf / zf;g k|0ffnLsf ;Gbe{df ul/Psf ;+emf}tf, ;xdlt ;dembf/L / lg0f{ox¿ tyf o;aLr /fHon] cflbjf;L hghflt, dw];L, blnt, dlxnfsf k|ltlglw ;+3–;+u7gx¿;Fu u/]sf ;Demf}tfx¿sf] kfngf x'g] u/L o; 3f]if0ffkqdf plNnlvt ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/e"t l;4fGt, ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ffsf] k|lqmof / ;+ljwfg;efsf] sfo{ljlw lgwf{/0f ug]{ k|:tfj .

#= ;+ljwfg;efdf lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx¿sf aLr /fhgLlts ;xdltsf] cfwf/df /fli6«o ;/sf/sf] u7g ug]{ k|:tfj .

-v_ ;+j}wflgs ;+3Lo nf]stGq

g]kfnL sf+u|]; g]kfnL ;dfhdf ljBdfg hftLo, eflifs, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s Pj+ If]qLo ljljwtfnfO{ g]kfnL /fli6«otfsf] w/f]x/ dfGb5 . tbg'¿k g]kfnsf cflbjf;L, hghflt, dw];Lnufot ljleGg If]qaf6 klxrfg / :jfoQtfsf] cfsf+Iff;lxt d'vl/t ePsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds /fHo;+/rgfsf] dfunfO{ ;+j}wflgs k|0ffnLdf d"t{¿k lbg] cfkm\gf] k|ltj4tfnfO{ o; 3f]if0ffkqsf dfWodaf6 ;fj{hlgs ub{}5 . ;+3Lo /fHo ;+/rgfsf] :j¿k lgDgadf]lhd x'g]5 M

§ xfnsf] sf7df8f}+s]Gb|L PsfTds /fHonfO{ kl/jt{g u/L nf]stflGqs zf;g k|0ffnL;lxtsf] :jfoQ k|b]zx¿sf] ;+3sf ¿kdf cv08 / cljefHo ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f ul/g] 5 .

§ k|b]z /rgfs] k|d'v cfwf/x¿ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o cv08tf, ;femf gful/stf, ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt / cg's"ntf, hg;+Vof, k|fs[lts ;|f]t / cfly{s ;+efJotf, k|b]zx¿sf] cGt/;DaGw, eflifs÷hftLo Pj+ ;f+:s[lts ;3gtf, /fhgLlts÷k|zf;lgs ;DefJotf cflb x'g]5g\ .

§ s]Gb|, k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/ u/L d'Vo ¿kn] tLg txdf /fHosf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] ljt/0f Pj+ Joj:yf ul/g] 5 . cfjZostfg';f/ s]Gb|n] ;DalGwt k|b]z;Fu k/fdz{ u/L cNk;+Vos hftLo÷eflifs ;d'bfosf nflu :jfoQ If]qsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 .

§ s]Gb|, k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ / sfd÷st{JonfO{ ;+ljwfgn] cnu–cnu ;"rLsf cfwf/df 5'6\ofOlbg]5 .

§ o;/L sfo{ If]qsf] ljefhg ubf{ k//fi6« ;DaGw, d'b|f gLlt, /fli6«o ;'/Iffnufot k|b]zx¿aLr ;dGjo ug'{kg]{ ljifox¿ h:t} xjfO{ oftfot, /fhdfu{, 7"nf hnljB'tnufot /fli6«o dx Œ jsf cfof]hgfx¿ s]Gb|df / cGo /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts tyf eflifs clwsf/sf ;fy} s[lif, jg, lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L cflb ljifox¿ k|b]zdf / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] txdf /xg] 5 .

§ eG;f/, d"No clej[l4 s/, cfos/h:tf s/ /fhZjnfO{ ;+3Lo / k|fb]lzs ¿kdf Jojl:yt juL{s/0f / afF8kmfF8 ul/g] 5 . 3/ hUuf, ;DklQ s/, ;jf/L ;fwg, /lh:6«];g b:t'/nufotsf /fh:jsf cGo ;|f]tx¿ k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/;Fu /xg] 5g\ .

§ s]Gb|Lo /fhZj / cg'bfgsf] afF8kmfF8sf nflu ljQLo cfof]u u7g ul/g] 5 . o;sf ;fy} k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f k|of]hgsf nflu k|fb]lzs ;/sf/nfO{ C0f kl/rfng ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .

§ k|b]zcGtu{t :jzf;gsf] clwsf/;lxtsf ufpF / gu/df :yfgLo :jfoQ ;/sf/sf] k'g;+{/rgf ul/g] 5 .

§ s]Gb|df b'O{ ;bg / k|b]zdf Ps ;bgfTds ;+;b x'g]5 . dflyNnf] ;bgdf ;a} k|b]zsf] ;dfg k|ltlglwTj x'g]5 . tNnf] ;bg / k|fb]lzs ;+;bdf sDtLdf ## k|ltzt dlxnf;lxt ldl>t lgjf{rg k|0ffnLaf6 lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx¿ /xg] 5g\ .

§ s]Gb|Lo / k|fb]lzs ;+;bsf] r'gfj ldl>t lgjf{rg k|0ffnLsf cfwf/df ul/g] 5 . cflbjf;L hghflt, dw];L, blntnufot ljljw ;d"xsf] hg;+Vofsf cfwf/df ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .

§ s]Gb|df sfo{kflnsf k|d'vsf] ¿kdf k|wfgdGqL / k|b]zdf k|b]z k|d'vsf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 . s]Gb|Lo / k|fb]lzs dlGqkl/ifb\sf] u7g ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ul/g] 5 .

§ /fHonfO{ ;dfj]zL 9fFrfdf abNg ;fgf]eGbf ;fgf] ;d"xsf] ;d]t /fHo ;+/rgfdf / lg0f{o k|lqmofdf kx'Fr Pj+ ;xeflutfsf nflu ;fdflhs Gofo;lxtsf] ;sf/fTds lje]bsf] gLlt cjnDag ul/g] 5 .

-u_ ;a}sf] / ;dfj]zL nf]stGq

g]kfnL sf+u|]; efjL /fHo;+/rgfdf dlxnf, pTkLl8t hghflt÷cflbjf;L, dw];L, blnt, lk5l8Psf] If]qnufot cfly{s–;fdflhs ljsf; k|lqmofdf k5fl8 jf aflx/ k/]sf hflt, ;d'bfo / ;d"xx¿ ;a}sf] /fHo;+/rgfdf kx'Fr x'g] ;dfj]zL nf]stGqsf] lgdf{0f Pj+ ljsf; ug{ rfxG5 . pgLx¿sf] ;zQmLs/0fsf pkfo / cj;/x¿sf] lgdf{0f Pj+ clej[l4 u/L zf;g k|lqmof / k|0ffnLdf ;dfg Pj+ ;fy{s ;xeflutfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ k|lta4 5 . o;sf nflu ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf / ;dfj]zL lgjf{rg k|0ffnL, ;Ifd, lgikIf / ;dfj]zL k|zf;goGq, cs]lGb|t clwsf/, ;sf/fTds lje]bsf] gLltnfO{ cjnDag u/L oL ;d"x–nlIft ;fwg–;|f]t;DkGg hgzlQm lgdf{0fsf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .

-3_ lx+;faf6 d'Qm M lbuf] / zflGtk"0f{ nf]stGq

lx+;f, nf]stGq / hgtfsf] ;Dk|e'tfdfly ;a}eGbf 7"nf] vt/f xf] . lx+;f, d'n'ssf] cfly{s k|ultsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] afws xf] . lx+;f, ;fdflhs Pstf / ;b\efjnfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg] sf/0f klg xf] . g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;du| lgjf{rg k|lqmofnfO{ zflGtk"0f{ / ljå]if/lxt 9+un] cufl8 a9fpg cfXjfg ub}{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] u7gkl5 d'n'snfO{ cem lbuf] zflGt / /fli6«o ;xdltsf] k|oTgåf/f hLjGt nf]stGq / cfly{s ;+j[l4sf] 9f]sf vf]Ng rfxG5 . To;}n] lx+;fd'Qm nf]stGq ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] csf]{ dx Œ jk"0f{ Ph]08f xf] .

-ª_ ;+j[4 / ;d'Ggt nf]stGq

cfly{s ;Dj[l4 / ;fdflhs ;dtfsf] ;'lgZrttfn] nf]stGqnfO{ lbuf] / kl/0ffdd'vL agfpF5 . To;}n] g]kfnL sf+u|];n] cfly{s ;+j[l4 / ;fdflhs ;dtf sfod ug]{ ljifodf /fli6«o ;xdlt lgdf{0f ug]{ k|oTg ug]{5 .

Jofks nufgL k|j4{g M d'n'ssf] cfly{s ;+j[l4 ;/sf/ / lghL If]qsf] Jofks nufgLsf] k|j4{gåf/f ;'lglZrt x'G5 . /fi6«sf dx Œ jk"0f{ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf nflu, lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL, l;+rfO{ / ul/aL lgjf/0fsf nflu tyf /fli6«o k|fyldstfsf of]hgfx¿df Jofks ;/sf/L nufgL k|j4{g ug'{sf ;fy} lghL If]qsf] pBdzLntf / nufgLnfO{ Jofks ¿kdf k|j4{g / ;+/If0f ug{] cfly{s gLltdf ;'b[9 /fli6«o ;xdlt sfod ul/g] 5 . o;sf ;fy} /fli6«o k|fyldstfsf If]qx¿df ljb]zL ;xfotf / k|ToIf j}b]lzs nufgL cfdGq0f ul/g] 5 . lghL If]qdf ljBdfg Joj:yfkg bIftf, gofF k|ljlw k|of]u / pBdzLntfsf] pkof]uåf/f tLj| ¿kdf ljsl;t eO/fv]sf] ef/t / rLgsf] ljzfn cy{tGqsf] nfe g]kfn leq\ofpg] gLlt cjnDag ul/g] 5 .

;xsf/L cfGbf]ng M xfd|f] cy{tGqdf s[lif If]qsf] k|efjzfnL e"ldsf ePsf sf/0f tyf kf/:kl/s cGt/lge{/tfsf] ;fdflhs agf]6 ePsf sf/0f ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;3g 9+un] s[lif ;fdu|L / pTkfbgsf If]qdf ;fy} cGo j:t' / ;]jfx¿sf] ;/n / ;xh pTkfbg / ljt/0f, ;fgf art ;+sng / C0f kl/rfngsf] dx Œ jk"0f{ cfwf/ agfpg] gLlt cjnDag ul/g] 5 .

s[lif–ko{6g / hn;|f]t M g]kfnsf] t'ngfTds nfe ePsf /fli6«o k|fyldstfsf tLg k|d'v If]q x'g\ . oL If]qdf Jofks nufgL j[l4 u/L cfo cfh{g / /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿ l;h{gf x'Fbf km/flsnf] cfwf/sf] pRr cfly{s j[l4 k|fKt x'g] / ul/aL lgjf/0fdf rfF8f] / Jofks k|efj kb{5 .

s[lif / ls;fg M g]kfnsf] s[lif If]q / ls;fgx¿sf] hLjg:t/df cfd"n ;'wf/sf nflu /fli6«o cleofg s]lGb|t ug{ s[lif ljsf;sf] b;jlif{o u'?of]hgf 3f]if0ff u/L l;+rfO{–s[lif ;8s, s[lif ahf/, s[lif C0f, aLp–aLhg / dnvfbsf] PsLs[t sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .

e"ldsf] pTkfbsTj j[l4 / ;3g k|of]u a9fpg] u/L e"ld ;'wf/ / e"–pkof]usf] j}1flgs gLltsf af/]df /fli6«o ;xdlt sfod ul/g] 5 .

s[lifsf] k"0f{ Jofj;foLs/0f, h}ljs ljljwtf, df6f], jftfj/0f / hnjfo';Fu tfnd]n x'g] u/L / ahf/sf] dfucg'¿k s[lif pTkfbgsf ljz]if If]qx¿ ljsl;t ul/g] 5g\ . hldg, hn, h+un, hl8a'6L / h}ljs ljljwtf cflbsf] k|of]u / ;+/If0fnfO{ ls;fgsf] g};lu{s clwsf/ dflgg] 5 .

ko{6g M ko{6g k"jf{wf/sf] /fli6«o ;+hfn lgdf{0f ug'{sf ;fy} jif{el/ g} g]kfndf ko{6s leq\ofpg] u/L lxdfnL ko{6s, kxf8L e]udf kbofqf ug]{ ko{6s, l/e/ ¥ofkm\l6Ë, wfld{s / g]kfnsf] ;f+:s[lts ljljwtfnfO{ lrgfpg] ;f+:s[lts ko{6gsf] k|j4{g ug]{ s'/fdf /fli6«o ;xdlt lgdf{0f ul/g] 5 .

hn;|f]t M k|r'/ ;Defjgf ePsf] hn;|f]tsf] If]q g]kfnsf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] d]?b08 xf] . o; If]qdf nufgL k|j4{g ubf{ tTsfn cfo cfh{g / /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ a9\g'sf ;fy} cy{tGqsf c¿ If]qdf ;d]t cg's"n k|efj kg]{ x'Fbf hn;|f]t ljsf;sf] /fli6«o gLltdf cljnDa /fli6«o ;xdlt sfod u/L /fli6«o / j}b]lzs nufgL k|jw{g ul/g] 5 .

ljZj cy{tGq kf/:kl/s cGt/lge{/tf / ;DaGwsf] g"tg o'udf 5 . g]kfn o;sf] ckjfb x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] pbf/ / k|lt:kwf{Tds ljZj cy{tGq;Fu :jfefljs cfly{s ;DaGw /fVg Pj+ nufgL, Jofkf/ / k|ljlw k|of]usf] nfe / cj;/ l;h{gf ug{ xfd|f] cfkm\gf] cy{tGqnfO{ ;d]t pbf/, ahf/d'vL / k|lt:kwf{k"0f{ agfpg clgjfo{ 5, t/ ljsf;f]Gd'v / e"kl/j]li7t d'n'ssf ¿kdf ljZj cy{tGq;Fu ;dfof]hg x'Fbf g]kfnL cy{tGqdf kg{ ;Sg] gsf/fTds k|efjnfO{ Go"g ug]{ k|fljlws / Joj:yfksLo ;ts{tf cjnDag ul/g] 5 .

pRr cfly{s j[l4b/sf] k|flKtn] dfq ul/jL / a]/f]huf/Lsf ;a} ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg x'Fb}gg\ . To;}n] hg;+Vofsf] 7"nf] lx:;f ;+nUg ePsf] s[lif / ko{6gh:tf If]q tyf u|fdL0f k"j{wf/ lgdf{0fdf nufgL s]lGb|t u/L pRr cfly{s j[l4b/ ;'lglZrt ug'{sf ;fy} dlxnf, blnt, afn–aflnsf, ckfË, j[4–j[4f, cflbjf;L–hghflt, dw];L ;d'bfo / s0ff{nLh:tf ljs6 ef}uf]lns If]qnfO{ nlIft u/L ul/aL lgjf/0fsf] k|efjsf/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .

-r_ /fli6«o Pstf k|j4{g ug]{ nf]stGq

g]kfndf /x]sf eflifs, hftLo / ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf b]zsf nflu bfloTj xf]Og, cgdf]n /fli6«o ;Dkbf xf] . of] ljljwtfo'St ;f+:s[lts w/f]x/nfO{ s]jn Pp6f pbf/ / ;d'Ggt nf]stGqn] dfq Pstfsf] ;"qdf afFWg ;S5 . ;+ljwfg;efåf/f /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf ubf{ ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds /fHo ;+/rgf, ;dfj]zL / ldl>t lgjf{rg k|0ffnL, hgk|ltlglwaf6} /fi6« k|d'vsf] rog / hLjGt nf]stflGqs cEof;sf sf/0f g]kfn /fli6«o Pstfsf] gofF o'udf k|j]z ug]{5 . /fli6«o Pstfsf] k|tLs ca km]l/ Pp6f JolQm / kb x'g] 5}g . xfdLn] cjnDag ug]{ ;a}sf] / ;dfj]zL ;+j}wflgs ;+3Lo nf]stGq x'g]5 .

g]kfnL sf+u|]; nf]stGqn] kf]if0f ug]{ /fli6«o Pstfsf] of] g"tg efjwf/fnfO{ lnP/ b]zdf ;fdflhs / ;fDk|bflos ;b\efj sfod ub}{ lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{sf] kf/:kl/s Pstf / /fli6«o cv08tf k|j4{g ug]{ ;+sNk;lxt hgtfsf] dfemdf hfg]5 . /fli6«o Pstf / cv08tfo'St nf]stGq g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] csf]{ dx Œ jk"0f{ lgjf{rg Ph]08f x'g]5 .

-5_ cfGtl/s nf]stGq;lxt kf/bzL{ / pQ/bfoL /fhgLlts bn

ax'bnLo nf]stGqsf] ljsf; / ;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] g]t[Tj, ;+u7g ;+/rgf / sfo{ljlw klg nf]stflGqs x'g' cfjZos 5 . xltof/, ;}Gob:tf / kbflwsf/L ePsf] bnLo ;+/rgfnfO{ nf]stGqn] cg'dlt lb+b}g . /fhgLlts bnx¿n]] lgM;}GoLs[t Pj+ v'nf ;+u7g ;+/rgf, lgjf{lrt Pj+ pQ/bfoL g]t[Tj, cfly{s kf/blz{tfnufotsf nf]stlGqs d"No / dfGotfsf] kfngf ug'{kg]{ ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf ul/g] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs ljljwtfsf] plrt k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;+u7g ;+/rgf ;dfj]zL agfOg] 5 .

-h_ cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw / k//fi6«gLlt

g]kfnsf] /fli6«o klxrfg, :jfwLgtf Pj+ /fli6«o lxtnfO{ ljZj ;d'bfodf lgjf{w ¿kdf ;+j4{g tyf ;+/If0f ug{' / ljZj zflGt, ;b\efj / ;d'Ggltsf nflu oyfzSo of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' g]kfnsf] k//fi6« gLltsf] d'Vo nIo x'g]5 . o;sf cfwf/ / p2]Zox¿ lgDgfg';f/ x'g]5g\–

· ;+o'St /fi6«;+3sf] a8fkq, k~rzLn, c;+nUgtf, /fli6«olxt Pj+ ;'/Iff k//fi6« gLlt / cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGwsf d"n cfwf/ x'g]5g\ .

· kf/:kl/s ;Ddfg, ;b\efj / ;dfgtfsf cfwf/df ;a} /fi6«x¿;Fu ;DaGw / ldqtf sfod ul/g] 5 .

· ;+o'St /fi6«;+3sf] ;b:osf ¿kdf g]kfnsf] cGt/f{li6«o 5ljnfO{ zflGtk|]dL, nf]stflGqs / /fli6«o :jfwLgtfk|]dL :jtGq /fi6«sf ¿kdf k|:t't ul/g] 5 .

· l5d]sL ldq /fi6«x¿ ef/t / rLg;Fusf] ;DaGwnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGwsf d"No dfGotfcg'¿k Jofjxfl/s / j:t'lgi7 cfwf/df d}qLk"0f{ agfOg] 5 .

· If]qLo ljsf; / ;dembf/Lsf nflu 7f]; kl/0ffdd'vL ;xof]u k'Ug] u/L blIf0f PlzofnL /fi6«x¿sf] ;+u7g -;fs{_nfO{ ;[hgfTds ¿kfGt/0f ul/g] 5 .

-em_ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf hg;xeflutf / hg;'gjfO ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ;+ljwfg agfpg] eg]sf] nf]stGqsf] pRrtd k|lqmof xf] . g]kfnL sf+u|]; o;sf] k"0f{ ;Ddfg ub}{ lgjf{rgkl5 klg efjL ;+ljwfgsf ljljw kIfdf hgtfsf] Jofks ;xeflutf / hg;'g'jfOsf] k|lqmofnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5 . cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] ;+u7g ;+/rgfsf cltl/Qm cGo ;+/rgfaf6 ;d]t ljleGg k]zfut Jofj;flos ;+3–;+:yf, ;/f]sf/jfnf ;d"x / lj1x¿;Fusf] k/fdz{nfO{ g]kfnL sf+u|];n] cfXjfg ug]{5 / To;sf nflu cfjZos kxn ug]{5 .

;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgkl5 u7g x'g] d:of}bf ;ldlt / ljifout ;ldlt÷pk;ldltx¿df lj1x¿, hftLo, eflifs, ;f+:s[lts tyf If]qLo ;/f]sf/sf ;d"xx¿sf] k/fdz{ lng] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 . ;ldltx¿af6 tof/ ePsf d:of}bfdfly klg Jofks hg;'g'jfO Pj+ lj1x¿sf] k/fdz{ k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fOg] 5 / ;'emfj ;+sng ul/g] 5 . o;/L ;+slnt ;'emfjx¿;d]tnfO{ pko'Qm tj/n] ;dfj]z u/L ;+ljwfgsf] clGtd d:of}bf tof/ ul/g] 5 .

;+ljwfgsf] 3f]if0ff

d:of}bf ;ldltaf6 ;+ljwfgsf] clGtd d:of}bf tof/ ePkl5 ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ;a} ;b:ox¿åf/f ;xdlt jf lglb{i6 k|lqmofcg';f/ ;+ljwfg kfl/t ul/g] 5 . o;/L kfl/t ;+ljwfgnfO{ g]kfnL hgtf cfkm}+n] cfk\mgf nflu agfPsf] egL hgtfsf gfddf 3f]if0ff u/L hf/L ul/g] 5 .

;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt

;+ljwfg;efsf] d'Vo sfd d'n'ssf nflu gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg] eP klg ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofn] Pp6f lglZrt ;dofjlw lng]5 . To; cjlwdf klg g]kfnL hgtfn] pQ/bfoL tyf kl/0ffdd'vL nf]stflGqs zf;gsf] cg'e"lt ug{ kfpg'k5{ . ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjkl5 aGg] ;/sf/ s'g} Ps bnsf] dfq x'g] 5}g, Tof] ;+ljwfg;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;xdltdf aGg] /fli6«o ;/sf/ x'g]5 . tyflk, hgpQ/bfoL ;/sf/sf] cfsf+Iff / dfGotfnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;+j}wflgs ;+qmd0fsf] cj:yfdf ;d]t lgDglnlvt ljifox¿df k|fyldstfsf ;fy sfd ub}{ ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg] k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5 M

· rfn' zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ clGtd kl/0flt;Dd k'¥ofP/ d'n'sdf lbuf] zflGt axfn ul/g] 5 . cGo ;a} k|sf/sf åGåx¿sf] klg zlGtk"0f{ lgsf;;lxt Joj:yfkg ul/g] 5 .

· ;dfhdf b08xLgtfsf] :yLlt cGTo u/L sfg'gL /fHo, ljlwsf] zf;g, gful/s :jtGqtf, ;'/Iff / xs÷clwsf/ tyf Gofosf] k"0f{ k|Tofe"lt ul/g] 5 .

· :jR5 /fhgLlts cfr/0f / g]t[Tjsf] ljsf;, e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f, kf/blz{tf, hgpQ/bfoL ;/sf/ / ;Ifd k|zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt ul/g] 5 .

· ;To–tYo lg¿k0f tyf /fli6«o d]nldnfk cfof]usf] Joj:yfcg'¿k ;dfhdf b08xLgtfsf] k'g/fj[lQsf ;+efjgfx¿sf] cGTo ub}{ kf/:kl/s ;b\efj / ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ul/g] 5 .

· k'gMlgdf{0f / k'gM:yfkgfsf] sfo{qmdnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstfsf ;fy cl3 a9fOg] 5 .

· af9L, klx/f]h:tf k|fs[lts ljkbf Pj+ ;fdflhs åGå / lx+;faf6 k|efljt JolQm / kl/jf/nfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u pknAw u/fOg] 5 .

· /fHo / ;/sf/sf] pkl:yltsf] af]w x'g] u/L /fHo ;+oGq / k|zf;gnfO{ k'gM:yflkt / kl/rflnt ul/g] 5 .

· hLjgdf cfwf/e"t cfjZostfnfO{ Wofgdf /fVt} lzIff, :jf:Yo / /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿sf] j[l4 ug]{ / u/fOg] 5 .

;+ljwfg;efdf ef]6 s;nfO{ lbg] <

cfb/0fLo lbbL–alxgL tyf bfh'–efOx¿,

eod'Qm jftfj/0fdf ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf ljj]so'St dtbfg ug{ hfFbf Pp6f b[9 ;+sNk ug'{xf];\ / cfˆgf] ef]6 tL pDd]bjf/ / kf6L{nfO{ lbg'xf];\ M

-s_ hf] nf]stGqk|lt dg, jrg / sd{n] k|ltj4 5g\ .

§ hf] /fhfsf] :j]R5frfl/tfsf ;xof]uL / ;dy{s xf]Ogg\ .

§ hf] lx+;f, o'4 / pu|jfdkGyL cltjfbsf kIfw/ klg xf]Ogg\ .

-v_ hf] ;+j}wflgs ;+3Lo u0ftflGqs /fHo ;+/rgf / ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs zf;g k|0ffnLk|lt ;dlk{t / k|lta4 5g\ .

-u_ hf] ax'njfb, gful/s :jtGqtf, dfgj clwsf/ Pj+ k"0f{ k|]; :jtGqtfk|lt k|lta4 5g\ .

-3_ hf] lx+;fsf lj?4 5g\ / lbuf] zflGtsf kIfdf 5g\ .

-ª_ hf] /fli6«o Pstf, cv08tf / ;fdflhs ;b\efjk|lt k|lta4 5g\ .

-r_ hf] g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfly{s ;d[l4sf lglDt k|ltj4 5g\ .

xfd|f] k|lt1f M xfd|f] cg'/f]w

/fli6«o Pstf, nf]stGq / lbuf] zflGt cfh klg g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] k|d'v Ph]08f xf] . nf]stGq sf+u|]; ofqfsf] d"n r"/f] xf] / nf]stGq g} sf+u|]; cfGbf]ngsf] afxs zlQm klg xf] . oxL dfGotfdf cfwfl/t x'Fb} d'n'ssf ;a} /fhgLlts ljrf/ / bnx¿nfO{ ;+ljwfg;efsf dfWodaf6 Pstfa4 agfpFb} ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds /fHo ;+/rgf / ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs zf;g k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{' g]kfnL sf+u|];n] cfˆgf] k|d'v bfloTj dfg]sf] 5 . 3f]if0ffkqdf cleJoQm ;+sNk / k|lta4tfcGtu{t /x]/ g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;+ljwfg;efdf lgjf{lrt x'g] cfˆgf k|ltlglwdfkm{t ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ k|lt1f ub{5 . nf]stGqsf d"No / dfGotfk|lt k|lta4 / ;a} k|sf/sf lg/+s'ztf, cltjfb / clwgfosjfbsf lj?4 ;+3if{zLn, lx+;f / an k|of]usf lj?4 ;fy{s / lbuf] zflGtsf kIfdf lqmofzLn Pj+ /fli6«o Pstf, gful/s :jtGqtf, ax'njfb, ;+3Lotf / ;dtfd"ns ;dfh tyf /fHo ;+/rgfk|lt k|lta4 g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] of] 3f]if0ffkq gofF g]kfnsf] eljio / ;d'Ggltsf] :ki6 b:tfj]h xf] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] cfufdL lgjf{rgdf sf+u|];sf] of] 3f]if0ffkqnfO{ cg'df]bg ub}{ xn'sf gLnf] / xn'sf /+usf b'j} dtkqdf /x]sf ¿v lrXgdf 5fk nufO{ cnu–cnu afs;df dtbfg u/L :jtGq, ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds /fHo ;+/rgf / ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs zf;g k|0ffnL;lxtsf] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg agfpg xfdL ;Dk"0f{ dtbftf lbbL–alxgL, bfh'–efOx¿nfO{ xflb{s clkn ub{5f}F .

dfcf]jfbLsf] lx+;fTds cfGbf]ngaf6 sf+u|];n] Joxf]/]sf] Iflt

g]kfnL sf+u|]; s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] efb| !(, @)^$ sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ cfXjfg ul/Psf] o; dxf;ldlt a}7sdf ljleGg c;'ljwf / sl7gfOsf jfjh'b b]zsf ljleGg efuaf6 ;xefuL x'g cfpg'ePsf ;a} ;b:o ;fyLx¿nfO{ o; a}7sdf xflb{s :jfut ub{5' .

g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] P3f/f}F dxflwj]zgkl5 ;DkGg x'g nfu]sf] of] dxf;ldlt a}7s P]ltxfl;s / dx Œ jk"0f{ 5 . g]kfnL sf+u|];n] g]t[Tj u/]sf] hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntfkl5 b]zsf] cu|ufdL kl/jt{g / zflGt :yfkgfsf k|of;x¿ ;kmntftkm{ pGd'v 5 . g]kfnu~h dxf;ldltsf] a}7skl5 nfdf] cGt/fndf a:g nfu]sf] of] a}7sdf ljz]if kl/l:yltdf /fli6«o hLjgsf] cfwf/e"t ljifosf] dx Œ jk"0f{ 5nkmn tyf lg0f{osf nflu xfdL oxfF e]nf ePsf 5f}F . o; a}7ssf] lg0f{on] sf+u|]; tyf ;du| /fli6«o /fhgLltdf bL3{sfnLg dx Œ jk"0f{ k|efj kfg]{5 / jf:tjdf xfdL g]kfnsf] gj lgdf{0fsf] g]t[Tj ug{ ;kmn x'g]5f}F eGg] ljZjf; d}n] lnPsf] 5' .

cfb/0fLo ;fyLx¿,

ljutdf hg–cfGbf]ngdf lg/Gt/ ;xofqL x'g'kg]{ Pj+ k|lts"n kl/l:ylt tyf cGo sltko sf/0fn] xfdLn] o;/L ;dofg's"n ;fd"lxs 5nkmn ug]{ cj;/ h'6fpg ;s]gf}F . tyflk ;fyLx¿n] ljleGg sl7gfO / oftgfsf jfjh'b :yfgLo txdf hg–hfu/0f / cGo sltko sfo{qmdx¿af6 ;a} lhNnfx¿df ;+u7g ;'b[9 / lj:tf/ ug]{ tyf zflGt cleofgnfO{ hgtf;dIf k'¥ofpg ug'{ePsf] sl7g kl/>dsf nflu ;a}nfO{ xflb{s wGojfb lb+b} cfef/ JoQm ug{ rfxG5' . o;} qmddf @! j}zfv )^$ df sf7df8f}Fdf lhNnf ;efkltx¿sf] /fli6«o e]nf ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . pSt e]nfdf ;efkltHo"x¿af6 uxg ljrf/ k|:t't ePsf lyP . ;efkltHo"x¿n] pSt e]nfdf zflGt ;'/Iff, ;/sf/, ;+u7g tyf ;d;fdlos lhNnfsf] /fhgLlts cj:yf, dfcf]jfbL lqmofsnfk Pj+ a[xt\ zflGt ;Demf}tfnufotsf ljifodf JoQm oyfy{k/s ljrf/ Pj+ d"NofÍgnfO{ xfdLn] dfu{ lgb]{zgsf] ¿kdf ln+b} pko'Qm cj;/df pko'Qm :yfgdf clt ;+j]bgzLntfk"j{s p7fPsf klg 5f}F . ;Dej eP;Dd sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|of; klg u¥of}F .

;fyLx¿,

d}n] dfly g} o; a}7ssf] P]ltxfl;s dx Œ jaf/] pNn]v ul/;s]sf] 5' . ljz]iftM h]i7 dlxgfdf ;DkGg ug{ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg pSt ;dodf ;DkGg x'g ;s]g / cf7} /fhg}lts bnsf] ;xdltdf cfufdL d+l;/ ^ ut] ;DkGg x'g uO/x]5 . o; cjlwdf dfcf]jfbL;Fusf] zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ cl3 a9fpFb} b]zdf ljleGg dfu /fvL cfGbf]ng/t kIf;Fu jftf{sf dfWodaf6 ;dfwfg vf]Hg k|of; eP . o;/L cfGbf]ng/t kIfdWo] dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/d, g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3 tyf r'/] efj/ Pstf ;dfhnufotsf kIf;Fu ;Demf}tf ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ / ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] ;xh jftfj/0f aGg nfu]sf] 5, t/ lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] k|d'v kIf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ -hf] ;/sf/df / ;+;bsf] dx Œ jk"0f{ bn klg 5_ n] ljutdf ;xdlt eO{ 6'+lu;s]sf ljifox¿df klg gofF–gofF dfu /fvL cfGbf]ng ug]{ 3f]if0ffn] ;du| zflGt k|lqmof Pj+ /fhg}lts l:y/tfdfly uDeL/ k|Zg v8f ul/lbPsf] 5 . @)^$ cflZjg ! ut] dfcf]jfbLn] ;/sf/af6 cfkm"nfO{ cnu /fvL ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg g} x'g glbg] egL r/0fj4 cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf 5g\ . o; 36gfn] zflGt k|s[ofk|lt dfcf]jfbLsf] ljZjf;df k|Zglrx\g nfUg'sf] ;fy} gofF / hl6n /fhg}lts kl/l:yltsf] l;h{gf x'g k'u]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf] dfWodaf6 ;du| /fli6«o ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg u/L bL3{sfnLg :yfoL zflGt;Fu} /fhg}lts l:y/tf k|fKt x'g] cfd g]kfnL hgtfsf] ljZjf;dfly ulx/f] z+sf pTkGg ePsf] 5 .

dfcf]jfbL kIfaf6 !@ a'Fb] ;xdltb]lv lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf / ;/sf/df ;+nUg x'Fbf ;d]t ul/Psf sltko ;Demf}tfx¿ kfngf ePsf 5}gg\ . ;dfhdf 8/ / qf;sf] jftfj/0f ;dfKt eO{ ;b\efj / d]nldnfksf] jftfj/0f aGg''sf] ;§f dfcf]jfbL–jfO{;LPnsf sfo{stf{x¿sf] hah{:tL, 8/ / qf; a9\bf] 5 . !@ a'Fb] ;xdltb]lv g} sAhf ul/Psf ;DklQ lkmtf{ ug]{ k|ltj4tfsf] kfngfsf] t s'/} 5f]8f}F, s]xL lkmtf{ ePsf ;DklQ k'gM sAhf ug]{, afnLgfnL n'6\g] cflb sfo{ sfod} 5g\ . lj:yflktx¿ 3/ kms{g ;s]sf 5}gg\, 3/ kms]{sfx¿ k'gM lj:yflkt x'g jfWo 5g\ . ev{/} nfdf] k|jf;kl5 3/ kms]{sf kfFry/sf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf sfo{stf{ >L ldqnfn sf]O/fnfnfO{ /ftL lgd{dtfk"j{s xTof ul/of] . af/f, k;f{, slknj:t', /fd]5fk, sflnsf]6 tyf cGo sltko lhNnfdf >[v+nfj4 xTof, s'6lk6 / ckx/0fsf 36gf ePsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLaf6 dfl/Psf, lj:yflkt kfl/Psf s}og 6'x'/f, gfafns, ljwjf / j[4x¿sf] sf¿l0fs cj:yf oxfF zAbdf pNn]v ug{ ;lsGg . lj:yflktx¿n] k'g:yf{lkt Pj+ /fxt k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ / ljjz eP/ sf7df8f}F / cGo efudf tyf ljb]zL e"lddf ckdfg / cefjsf] hLjg afFRg jfWo ePsf 5g\ . sf+u|]; ePs} sf/0f cem} klg ;Gqf; / eosf] hLjg afFRg jfWo ePsf xfd|f ;fyLx¿sf] ;'/Iff / ;+/If0f ug]{ jftfj/0f agfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g eg] lj:yflkt / d[tsx¿sf] jf:tljs tYofÍ ;a} ;+u[xLt 5}g . s]xL tYof+s d}n] oxfF k|:t''t u/]sf] 5'' . csf{tkm{ t/fO{sf ljleGg lhNnfdf ljleGg gfdsf ;z:q ;d"xx¿åf/f ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf, ljleGg /fhg}lts bnsf sfo{stf{, sd{rf/L, lzIfs, k|x/L;d]tsf] xTof ePsf] 5 . jftf{åf/f ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] u/]sf] k|of; cem} ;kmn x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . oL ;a} lx+;fTds ultljlw lgoGq0f ug{ ;a} /fhg}lts bnx¿sf] ;xdltsf ;fy ;/sf/n] ca s8fOsf] ;fy ;'/Iff k|aGw ldnfpg ;Sg'kb{5 . zfGt, lgikIf, eo/lxt / :jtGq lgjf{rgsf nflu klxnf] cfjZostfsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] zflGt ;'/Iffsf] l:ylt ;'b[9 Pj+ ;an agfpg' k/]sf] 5 . ljleGg /fhg}lts bnx¿ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg k|rf/–k|;f/df lglj{£g ¿kn] ;xefuL x'g] / dtbftfnfO{ ;'/lIft dtbfg ug]{ cj:yf lgdf{0f ug'{ k/]sf] 5 . ev{/ slknj:t' / bfËdf ePsf 36gfn] zflGt ;'/Iffsf] l:yltnfO{ 7f8f] r'gf}tL lbPsf] 5 . ;fdflhs ;b\efj / cfk;L d]nldnfkdf ;lbof}+b]lv rln/x]sf] xfd|f] ;dfhdf s]xL ;fDk|bflos efjgfn] ;fdflhs ;b\efj e8\sfpgsf] ;fy} /fli6«o PstfnfO{ g} vnn kfg]{ t xf]Og < eGg] lrGtf pTkGg ePsf] 5 . To;}n] ;fdflhs ;b\efj / Pstf sfod /fVg g]kfnL sf+u|];n] b]zJofkL ¿kdf cleofg ;+rfng ug'{ cfhsf] cfjZostf ePsf] 5 .

ofjt\ c;dembf/L Pj+ cGof}nsf jfah'b b]znfO{ o; ;+qmd0f / cl:y/tfaf6 d'lQm lbnfpg lgwf{l/t ;dodf ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug'{sf] s'g} ljsNk g/x]sf] s'/fdf sf+u|]; ljZj:t 5 . o; ;Gbe{df s] :d/0f u/fpg rfxG5'' eg] o; b]zdf s:tf] lsl;dsf] /fHo k|0ffnL ckgfpg] eGg] s'/fsf] lgwf{/0f hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt ;+ljwfg;efn] dfq ug{ ;Sg] ut hgcfGbf]ngsf] hgfb]z xf] . of] hgfb]znfO{ afx| a'Fb] ;xdltb]lv xfn;Dd dfcf]jfbL;Fu ePsf ;a} ;Demf}tfx¿n] :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . o; kl/k|]Iodf hgtfsf] efUosf] lgwf{/0f ug]{ k4ltsf] ljsNk vf]Hg'' hgcfGbf]ngsf] efjgf ljk/Lt x''G5 . To;}n] g]kfnL sf+u|];n] cfufdL d+l;/ ^ ut] x'g] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgnfO{ cfˆgf] Ps dfq p2]Zo 7fg]sf] 5 . t;y{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgnfO{ x/ lsl;dn] ;kmn kfg{ csf]{ P]ltxfl;s cfGbf]ngsf] ¿kdf kl/0ft ug]{ xfd|f] lgolt / jlnbfgk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L ePsf] 5 . o;nfO{ ;Dk"0f{ ;fx; / pmhf{;lxt ;DkGg u/]/ /fli6«otf / /fli6«o cv08tfnfO{ lr/sfn;Dd :yfoL t'Nofpg' k/]sf] 5 . d cfh tkfO{;Fu oxL clkn ub{5' .

;fyLx¿,

cfufdL ;+ljwfg;efdf hgtfdfem g]kfnL sf+u|];n] /fVg] cfˆgf] k|:tfljt 3f]if0ffkq tkfO+{x¿sf] 5nkmn / lg0f{osf nflu oxfF k|:t't ul/Fb} 5 . o; 3f]if0ffkqdf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] P3f/f}F dxflwj]zgn] /fh;+:yfaf/] lg/k]If /xg] lg0f{o u/]kZrft /fh;+:yfk|lt g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] wf/0ff s] x'g] eGg] cGof}n ;dfKt ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL sf+u|]; s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldltsf] efb| !(, @)^$ sf]] lg0f{ocg';f/ ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds /fHo ;+/rgf / ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs zf;g k|0ffnLnfO{ d"n ;}4flGts cfwf/ dfgL hgtfsf] ;Dk|e'tf, hgtfsf cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/, ljlwsf] zf;g, cfjlws lgjf{rg, :jtGq / lgikIf Gofokflnsf, cs'l07t k|]; :jtGqtf, zlQm k[ysLs/0f, zlQm ;Gt'ng / lgoGq0fsf] l;4fGt, ;+ljwfgjfb, /fli6«o cv08tfsf] ;'/Iff, ;xdlt / d]nldnfksf] cfwf/– /fli6«o Pstf, ;a} hflt, hghflt, blnt, dw];L, dlxnf, pk]lIft kLl8t hfltsf] pTyfg Pj+ lk5l8Psf] / ef}uf]lns b'u{d If]qsf] ;Gt'lnt ljsf;nufotsf d'2fx¿ ;dfj]z df}lns / gjLg gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf ;fy cufl8 a9\g] c7f]6 u/]sf] 5 .

cfb/0fLo ;fyLx¿,

b]z cfh clt g} t/n cj:yfaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . Oltxf;sf] nfdf] sfnv08df /fli6«o /fhgLltsf] s]Gb|Lo zlQmdf /xL slxNo} k/flht gePsf] g]kfnL sf+u|];n] b]zdf ljBdfg låljwf / cGof}nnfO{ cGt ug]{ P]ltxfl;s lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug'{k/]sf] 5 . ;Qfdf /xFbf xf];\ jf k|ltkIfsf] e"ldsfdf /xFbf xf];\ sf+u|];n] cjnDag u/]sf l;4fGt zfZjt / ;fj{sflns k|dfl0ft ePsf] uf}/jdo Oltxf; xfd|f] 5 . xfd|f cfb/0fLo ;efkltHo"n] b]zsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jtGqtf tyf /fli6«o Pstfsf nflu d s;};Fu ;Demf}tf ulb{g eg]/ lbg'ePsf] cleJolQmn] xfdL ;a}nfO{ dfu{ lgb]{zg ePsf] 5 . d o; cj;/df :j= hgg]tf aL=kL= sf]O/fnfn] cfˆgf] clGtd ;Gb]zdf lbg'ePsf] dd{:kzL{ dfu{ lgb]{zg oxfF :d/0f ug{ ;a}df cg''/f]w ub}{ cfb/0fLo ;fyLx¿nfO{ a[xb\ ljj]rgfsf nflu cfu|x ub{5' . :j= aL=kL= sf]O/fnfn] eGg'ePsf] lyof]—

æolb tkfO{+x¿nfO{ s'g} ;dodf cfˆgf] st{Josf k|lt låljwf pTkGg eP o; b]zsf] Ps d'7L df6f] xftdf lnP/ zxLbx¿nfO{ ;Dem]/ ;f]r, o; b]z / ul/a hgtfk|ltsf] lhDd]jf/Lsf nflu tkfO{+sf] ljj]sn] s] eGb5 ToxL ug"{ .Æ

cfh xfd|f cufl8 hgg]tf aL=kL= sf]O/fnf tyf qmflGtsf/L g]tf u0f]zdfgsf] pkl:ylt 5}g . t/ o; sl7g 38Ldf xfdL;Fu /fli6«o ;+s6nfO{ cbDo ;fx; / b""/b[li6sf ;fy ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg] ;+:s[lt 5 . To;}n] cfhsf] o; hl6n cj:yfaf/] /fli6«o :jfwLgtf k|hftGqsf] :yfloTjsf] nflu Pp6f ;fxl;s lg0f{o u/f}+ / Oltxf;sf] lg/Gt/tf / uf}/j sfod /fvf}+ eGg] cfu|x ug{ rfxG5'' . cfj]u, pQ]hgf, pu|tf Pj+ JolQmut :jfy{eGbf dfly p7]/ of] dxf;ldlt a}7sn] g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d Pj+ k|hftflGqs xs clwsf/sf] :yfloTjsf] kIfdf lg0f{o n]cf];\ egL ;a} ;fyLx¿df xflb{s clkn ub{5'' .

cfb/0fLo ;fyLx¿,

g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;a} /fhg}lts bnx¿;Fu nf]stflGqs d"No dfGotfsf cfwf/df ;dembf/L Pj+ ;xdlt lgdf{0f ub}{ b]zdf ljBdfg ;a} ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg ug{ rfxG5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgn] g} jf:tljs cy{df b]zdf lbuf] zflGt / :yfloTj axfnL x'g ;S5 eGg] xfd|f] b[9 ljZjf; 5 . :jtGq, lgikIf / eo/lxt jftfj/0fdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug]{ lbzfdf cu|;/ x'g g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ nufot ;j} /fhg}lts bnx¿nfO{ d clkn ug{ rfxG5' .

cfb/0fLo ;fyLx¿,

;Dk"0f{ k|hftGqjfbL g]kfnL Pj+ sf+u|];hgdf ljeflht g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] Pstf /fi6«sf] nflu clgjfo{ ePsf] d}n] bf]xf]¥ofpg' kb}{g . xfd|f cfb/0fLo ;efklt >L lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] k|lta4tf / k|of;df b''O{ sf+u|];sf] Pstfdf /x]sf dte]bx¿ ;xdltsf glhs k''u]sf] / kf6L{ Pstfsf] Pp6f ;''vb\ / pT;fxhgs ;Gb]z lnO{ xfdL ;a} 3/ kms{g] cj;/ k|fKt x''g]5 eGg] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5'' .

;fyLx¿,

g]kfnsf] k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf of]4fx¿n] k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfg Oltxf;sf] uf}/jk"0f{ ufyf /x]sf] 5 . d o; cj;/df /fli6«otf k|hftGqsf] dxfg\ ;+3if{df zxfbt k|fKt ug]{ xfd|f cd/ zxLbk|lt xflb{s ;Ddfg / >4~hnL clk{t ug{ rfxG5' / o; /fli6«o ;+s6sf] cj;/df xfd|f cfb/0fLo g]tf :j= aL=kL=sf]O/fnfn] dfu{ lgb]{zg ub}{ eGg''ePem}—

æcfh /fi6«sf] cl:tTj ;d'b|sf] t'kmfgdf lgEg nfu]sf] lbof] ;/x 5 . o;sf] /Iff ug{ xfdL ;a}sf] bfloTj 5 .Æ

cfh klg xfd|f] cj:yf oxL 5 . aL=kL= sf] cfbz{ jfSonfO{ :d/0f ub}{ of] kl/l:yltaf6 /fi6«nfO{ hf]ufpg xfdL ;a} Ps 7fFpdf pleP/ of] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ ;a}df xflb{s clkn ub{5' .

-dxf;ldlt a}7sdf k|:t't k|ltj]bg_-

;z:q åGåsf] qmddf ePsf] xTof, lj:yflkt, ;DklQ sAhf÷Iflt, c+ue++u÷3fOt], ckx/0f ePsf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf sfo{stf{x¿sf] ljj/0f

xfn;Ddsf] k|fKt tYofÍ pk/f]Qm adf]lhd 5 / cGo lhNnfsf tYofÍx¿ k|fKt x'g] qmddf 5 .

/f0ffnfO{ o'jf zflGt b"t k'/:sf/

sf7df8f}+ . The Universal Peace Federation and The Youth Federation For World Peace gfds cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfn] Pe/]i6 OG:of]/]G; sDkgLsf ;xfos dxfk|aGws dx]z /f0ffn] o'jf zflGt b"t (The Youth Ambassador For Peace) k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . lghL If]qaf6 ljleGg sfo{s|ddfkm{t g]kfnsf] lbuf] zflGt, cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf; tyf lghL If]qsf] Jofj;flos ;+:yfx¿df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx¿df dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL sfo{ pTs[i6 ¿kdf ;Dkfbg u/]sf] ;Ddfg :j¿k k'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] xf] . The Universal Peace Federation, India sf dxf;lrj Dr. Robert S. Kittel n] Ps eJo ;df/f]xsf aLr lgo'lQmsf] k|df0fkq k|bfg u/] .

g]kfnL sf+u|]; PsLs/0fsf a'“bfx¿

@)%( c;f}h @ ut] lgjf{rg cfof]uaf6 ¿v lrx\g g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] g} /x]sf] egL cf}krfl/s lg0f{o ePkl5 ljlwjt\ ljefhg ePsf] sf+u|]; % jif{kl5 @)^$ c;f}h * ut] ljlwjt\ Psfsf/ ePsf] 5 . o;} lbgb]lv g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ Oltxf;sf] ue{df ljnLg ePsf] 5 . @)%( h]7 * af6 ;'? eP/ pQm bnaf6 lg:sf;g, k|wfgdGqLaf6 klg b'O{–b'O{ k6s avf{:t x'g'ePsf z]/axfb'/ b]pjf c;f}h * b]lv g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] jl/i7tf qmddf t];|f] gDa/df /xg] u/L g]kfnL sf+u|]; k|hftflGqs g]kfnL sf+u|];df ljno eP/ of] gfp“ Oltxf;sf] cWoogsf] ljifo aGg k'u]sf] xf] . o:tf 5g\– pQm kf6L{ g]kfnL sf+u|];df ;dflxt x'“bfsf ;xdltsf a'“bfx¿ M

!= k|:tfjgf

/fli6«o Pstf, :jfledfg / cv08tfnfO{ cIf'00f /fVb} zflGt / nf]stGqsf ;j{dfGo d"No / dfGotf, ax'n ljrf/df cfwfl/t k|lt:k|wfTds nf]stflGqs k|0ffnL, ljlwsf] zf;g, :jtGq / lgikIf Gofokflnsf, ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL hgtfsf] df}lns, gful/s / dfgjclwsf/sf] lgjf{w pkef]u, k|]; / cleJolQm :jtGqtf ;'lglZrt ub}{

;dfj];L / ;dfgtfsf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts gLlt / sfo{qmddfkm{t hft–hftL, efiff–efifL, wd{, ln+u, ju{ / If]qLonufot ljleGg klxrfgdf cfa4 ;a} g]kfnLsf] xs, lxt ;+/If0f ug{,

cfly{s ;+j[l4, o;sf] k|ltkmn / ;+;fwgsf] :jfldTjsf] Gofok"0f{ ljt/0f / ljljw sf/0faf6 lk5l8Psf ;a}nfO{ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{,

ljBdfg /fhgLlts r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf / cj;/sf] ;b'kof]u ug]{ lbzfdf kf6L{ PsLs/0faf6 ;+rfl/t x'g] pmhf{af6 zflGt k|lqmof, ;+ljwfg;ef / ;du| /fhgLltnfO{ :ki6 j}rfl/s lbzfjf]w ug{] tYo x[bo+ud ub}{,

d'n'ssf] k|hftflGqs Oltxf;df :yfkgf sfnb]lv g} g]kfnL sf+u|];n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] uf}/jzfnL ;femf Oltxf;af6 clek|]l/t eO{,

o'ufGtsf/L hgcfGbf]ngdfkm{t g]kfnL hgtfaf6 cleJoQm cfb]znfO{ d't{¿k lbg,

zflGtk"0f{, eo/lxt, lgikIf Pj+ lglj{£g ¿kdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug]{ P]ltxfl;s lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug]{ lbzfdf 7f]; of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] k'lgt p2]Zoaf6 clek|]l/t eO{,

b'j} kf6L{sf ;a} ;fyLx¿, ;Dk"0f{ sf+u|];hg / cfdhgtfåf/f PsLs/0fsf kIfdf k|s6 k|an rfxgfsf] ;Ddfg ub}{,

g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt >L lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf / g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ sf ;efklt >L z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] PsLs/0fsf nflu ug'{ePsf] cu|;/tf / cys k|of;nfO{ kl/0ffdd'vL agfpg,

;Dk"0f{ sf+u]|;sf sfo{stf{x¿sf] ;xeflutf, ;Ddfg / cfTdan clej[l4 ug{ clek]|l/t x“'b},

sf+u|];åf/f cjnDag u/]sf] nf]stflGqs d"No, dfGotf / kf/blz{tfsf] cfwf/df kf6L{ ;+rfng x'g] k|lta4tf JoQm ub}{,

PsLs/0fsf] o; k|lqmofdf d'n's / nf]stGqsf] kIfdf Tofusf] efjgf k|blz{t ug'{x'g] ;fyLx¿sf] pRr d"Nof+sg ub}{,

d'n'sdf ax'nbjfbdf cfwfl/t ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{Tds ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq / ;dfj]zL /fHo Joj:yf :yfkgf ug{] k|lta4tf;lxt,

lgDglnlvt ;xdltsf cfwf/df g]kfnL sf+u|]; / g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ PsLs[t ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub{5f}+ M

@= kf6L{sf] gfd, em08f / r'gfj lrx\g

PsLs[t kf6L{sf] gfd g]kfnL sf+u|]; /xg] 5 . o;sf] em08f ;fljscg';f/sf] rf/tf/] em08f x'g]5 . r'gfj lrx\g ¿v x'g]5 .

#= ljwfg / lgodfjnL

g]kfnL sf+u|]; / g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_sf] ljwfgnfO{ PsLs/0fsf] efjgfcg'¿k ;dfof]hg u/L Ps¿ktf k|bfg ug{ tyf o; 3f]if0ffdf plNnlvt lg0f{ox¿nfO{ ;dflji6 ug{ b'j}tkm{sf b'O{–b'O{ hgf /x]sf] ;ldltn] ljwfgdf cfjZos kl/dfh{g u/L cg'df]bgsf nflu s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltdf k|:t't ug]{5g\ . s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltn] cg'df]bg u/]kl5 PsLs[t kf6L{sf] dxflwj]zg geP;Dd kf6L{ ;f] ljwfgadf]lhd ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .

$= ;+u7g PsLs/0fsf] :j¿k

kf6L{sf] ufp“b]lv s]Gb|;Dd PsLs[t kf6L{sf] ;+u7gsf] :j¿k lgDgk|sf/sf] / lgDgcg';f/ rNg]5 M

$=!= b'j} kf6L{sf ;Dk"0f{ ;fwf/0f / lqmofzLn ;b:ox¿ PsLs[t kf6L{df ;fwf/0f ;b:o / lqmofzLn ;b:o /xg] 5g\ .

$=@= ufp“, gu/ / j8f ;ldltx¿

ufp“, gu/ / j8f ;ldltx¿sf] ;DaGwdf b'j} ;ldltx¿sf] ufp“, gu/ / j8f ;ldltsf ;efkltx¿ PsLs[t kf6L{sf] ;+o'Qm ;efklt /xg] 5g\ . kbflwsf/L / sfo{;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ PsLs[t kf6L{df oyf:yfgdf /xg] u/L ;dfof]hg ul/g] 5 . ;+o'Qm ;efkltx¿n] kf6L{sf] a}7sdf kfnf]–kfnf] u/L cWoIftf ug]{5g\ . sfo{;ldltdf b'j} kf6L{sf a/fa/ ;+Vof /xg] 5g\ . ufp“, gu/ / j8f ;ldltx¿df b'j} ;efkltsf] ;xdltdf Ps ;efklt x'g rfx]df ;f] cg';f/ x'g]5 . of] ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmofnfO{ Jojl:yt / cg'udg ug]{ sfd lhNnf ;efkltn] ug]{5 .

$=#= If]qLo ;ldlt

If]qLo ;ldltsf] xsdf lgjf{rg If]qdf If]qLo ;ldltsf b'j} ;efkltx¿ PsLs[t kf6L{df ;+o'Qm ;efkltsf] ¿kdf /xg] 5g\ / kfnf]–kfnf] u/L a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{5g\ . af“sL kbflwsf/L / sfo{;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ oyf:yfgdf /xg] u/L ;dfof]hg ul/g] 5 . PsLs[t If]qLo ;ldltx¿df b'j} kf6L{af6 a/fa/L ;+Vofdf k|ltlglwTj x'g]5 . If]qLo ;ldltx¿df ;DalGwt If]qdf v8f ul/Psf] ;+ljwfg;efsf kf6L{ pDd]bjf/n] ;ldltsf] ;dGjo ug]{5g\ . lgjf{rg If]qdf r'gfj n8\g] pDd]bjf/n] r'gfj k|rf/–k|;f/ ;ldlt u7g u/L lgjf{rg cleofgnfO{ ;+rfng ug]{5 .

$=$= lhNnf ;ldlt

lhNnf ;ldltsf] xsdf jl/i7tf, lg/Gt/tf, ;lqmotf / cfGbf]ngdf ;xeflutfnfO{ oyf;Dej cfwf/ agfO{ ;efkltsf] rog ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] ubf{ csf]{ ;efklt lgjt{dfg ;efkltsf] x}l;ot;lxt ;x–;efklt /xg] 5g\ . af“sL kbflwsf/L / sfo{;ldltsf] xsdf b'j} ;ldltsf kbflwsf/L / ;b:ox¿ PsLs/0fkl5sf] kf6L{df klg oyf:yfgdf /xg] u/L ;dfof]hg ul/g] 5 . PsLs[t lhNnf ;ldltx¿df klg b'j} kf6L{af6 a/fa/L ;+Vofdf k|ltlglwTj /xg] 5 .

pko'{Qm cfwf/df PsLs[t kf6L{df g]kfnL sf+u|];af6 $) / g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ af6 #% lhNnfdf ;efklt rog ul/Psf] 5 .

$=%= clwj]zg, dxflwj]zg / dxf;ldlt M b'j} kf6L{sf ufp“, gu/, If]qLo / lhNnf clwj]zgx¿, s]Gb|Lo dxflwj]zg / dxf;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ PsLs[t kf6L{df oyf:yfgdf sfod /xg] u/L ;dfof]hg ul/g] 5 .

‑ $=^= s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt

b'j} kf6L{sf xfn /x]sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿ PsLs[t kf6L{df oyf:yfgdf /xg] u/L ;dfof]hg ul/g] 5 . ljBdfg b'j} kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;+Vofafx]s g]kfnL sf+u|];tkm{af6 % hgf yk ul/g] 5 eg] g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_sf] tkm{af6 !) yk ul/g] 5 .

$=&= kf6L{ PsLs/0fkl5 kf6L{sf] ;efklt >L lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf g} /xg'x'g]5 . jl/i7tfsf] cfwf/df g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;+:yfks ;b:o >L s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{ bf];|f] :yfgdf / >L z]/axfb'/ b]pjf t];|f] :yfgsf ;fy s]Gb|Lo ;b:o x'g'x'g]5 . >L ;'zLn sf]O/fnf rf}yf] :yfgdf /xL kf6L{ sfo{afxs ;efklt;d]t /xg'x'g]5 . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf tkm{af6 # hgf kbflwsf/Lx¿ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;DdfggLo ;efklt >L lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] lbPadf]lhd x'g]5 . g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_sf] tkm{af6 xfn /x]sf af“sL # hgf kbflwsf/Lx¿ PsLs[t kf6L{df oyf:yfgdf /xg] u/L ;dfof]hg ul/g] 5 .

$=*= s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;ldlt

s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;ldltdf g]kfnL sf+u|];af6 !% hgf / g]kfnL sf+u|];

-k|hftflGqs_ af6 !@ hgf ;b:o /xg] 5g\ . sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;ldltdf /xg] ;b:ox¿ b'j} kf6L{sf ;efkltx¿n] lbPadf]lhd x'g]5 .

$=( s]Gb|Lo ljefux¿

PsLs[t kf6L{sf @! s]Gb|Lo ljefu / ;ldltdf g]kfnL sf+u|]; / g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_sf] tkm{af6 lgDglnlvt ljefu / ;ldltdf ;efkltx¿ /xg]5g\–

;DalGwt ljefu / ;ldltdf /xg] ;efkltsf] gfdfjnL b'j} kf6L{sf ;efkltx¿n] lbPadf]lhd x'g]5 .

g]kfnL sf+u|];

;+u7g ljefu

ljb]z ljefu

gLlt tyf sfo{qmd ljefu

;dGjo ljefu

;+;bLo tyf :yfgLo ljefu

;+f:s[lts ljefu

lzIff tyf :jf:Yo ljefu -dfgj ;+zfwg ljefu_

;fdflhs ;]jf ljefu

cg';Gwfg tyf clen]v ljefu

pBf]u, Jofkf/ tyf Joj;fo ljefu

s[lif tyf ;xsf/L ljefu

;+j}wflgs tyf sfg'g ;ldlt

g]kfnL sf+u|]; k|hftflGqs

k|lzIf0f ljefu

k|rf/ ljefu

dlxnf ljefu

ljBfyL{ tyf t?0f;DaGwL ljefu

k]zfut tyf a'l4hLjL ljefu

cflbjf;L tyf hghflt ljefu

cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg ljefu

v]ns'b tyf cltl/Qm lqmofsnfk ljefu

k|fs[lts ;|f]t ljefu

$=!)= s]Gb|Lo cg'zf;g ;ldlt

PsLs[t kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo cg'zf;g ;ldltdf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf # hgf / g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ sf @ hgf u/L hDdf % ;b:o /xg] 5g\ . ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ b'j} kf6L{sf ;efkltn] lbPadf]lhd x'g]5 .

$=!!= ;+;bLo ;ldlt -;+;bLo af]8{_

PsLs[t kf6L{sf] ;+;bLo af]8{df ^ hgf g]kfnL sf+u|]; / $ hgf g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ sf tyf g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;+:yfks g]tf >L s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{;d]t hDdf !! ;b:oLo ;+;bLo af]8{ aGg]5 . af]8{sf ;b:ox¿sf] gfdfjnL b'j} kf6L{sf ;efkltn] lbPadf]lhd x'g]5 . o; af]8{n] cfufdL ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/ rog ug]{5 .

$=!@= ;dfg'kflts k|0ffnLcGtu{t ;"rLdf k/]sf pDd]bjf/dWo]af6 kf6L{n] k|fKt u/]sf] dtsf lx;fan] kf6L{n] rog ug]{ pDd]bjf/nfO{ ;+;bLo af]8{n] u/]sf] l;kmfl/;df s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] ;a{;Ddtaf6 rog ug]{5 .

$=!#= eft[–elugL ;+u7gx¿

g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3, g]kfn t?0f bn, dlxnf ;+3, g]kfn ls;fg ;+3, g]kfn e"tk"j{ ;}lgs ;+3, g]kfn blnt ;+3, g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt ;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo ;+u7g ;dfof]hg ubf{ ;efkltsf] xsdf b'j} kf6L{sf eft[ ;+u7gsf ;efkltdWo]af6 Ps ;efklt rog ul/Psf] 5 . csf]{ ;efklt lgjt{dfg ;efkltsf] x}l;ot;lxt ;x–;efklt x'g]5g\ . b'j} ;+u7gsf af“sL kbflwsf/L / sfo{;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ PsLs[t ;+u7gdf oyf:yfgdf /xg] u/L ;dfof]hg ul/g] 5 . b'j}tkm{sf eft[ ;+u7gaf6 PsLs[t eft[ ;+u7gdf a/fa/Lsf] ;+Vofdf kbflwsf/L / sfo{;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ /xg] 5g\ .

g]kfnL sf+u|];sf eft[ ;+u7gx¿dWo]af6 lgDglnlvt ;+u7gsf ;efkltx¿ PsLs[t kf6L{sf] eft[ ;+u7gsf ;efkltx¿ x'g]5g\–

g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3, g]kfn dlxnf ;+3, g]kfn ls;fg ;+3, g]kfn e"tk"j{ ;}lgs ;+3 .

g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_sf eft[ ;+u7gx¿dWo]af6 lgDglnlvt ;+u7gsf ;efkltx¿ PsLs[t kf6L{sf] eft[ ;+u7gsf ;efkltx¿ x'g]5g\–

g]kfn t?0f bn, g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt ;+3, g]kfn blnt ;+3 .

dfly plNnlvt ;+u7gsf] s]Gb|eGbf tnsf lhNnf / cGo OsfOx¿df b'j} ;+u7gsf kbflwsf/L / sfo{;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ oyf:yfgdf /xg] u/L ;dfof]hg ul/g] 5 . ;efkltsf] xsdf ;+o'Qm ;efklt jf cfk;L ;xdltsf cfwf/df Pp6f ;efklt / csf]{ ;x–;efklt x'g ;Sg]5 . eft[ ;+u7gn] ;+u7g ;dfof]hg ePadf]lhd c:yfoL ljwfgsf] Joj:yf ug]{5g\ .

$=!$= z'e]R5's ;+u7g

z'e]R5's ;+u7gx¿ ;xdltsf] cfwf/df PsLs[t x'g]5g\ .

%= ;+;bLo bn / ;+;bLo ;ldltx¿sf] ;+/rgf ;xdltadf]lhd x'g]5 .

^= ;/sf/ / ;+;bdf k|ltlglwTjnufot ;+u7g;DaGwL ;a} lg0f{ox¿ ;xdltsf cfwf/df x'g]5 .

&= b'j} kf6L{sf] ;+/rgf / To; ;DalGwt tYofs+x¿nfO{ ;dfof]hg / PsLs[t ug{ b'j} kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfnosf d'Vo ;lrjx¿;d]t /x]sf] ;ldltnfO{ sfo{lhDdf lbOg] 5 . PsLs[t kf6L{df b'j} kf6L{sf d'Vo ;lrj, ;lrj tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;dfof]hg ul/g] 5 .

>L lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, ;efklt, g]kfnL sf+u|];
>L z]/axfb'/ b]pjf, ;efklt, g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_

ef/tåf/f ;':tfdf k]ml/ ;Ldf cltqmd0f

– hfGxjLk|;fb hf]zL

gjnk/f;L . lhNnfsf] blIf0fk"jL{ If]q ef/tsf] ljxf/ ;Ldfl;t hf]l8Psf] lqj]0fL ;':tf uf=lj=;=jf8{ g+= $ df kg]{ ;':tf If]qsf] hUuf ef/tLo laxf/Lx¿n] cltqmd0f u/]kl5 ;':tfjf;L kLl8t ag]sf 5g\ .

ut efb| @* ut]b]lv laxf/Lx¿n] ;Ldf ;'/Iffsf nflu v6fOPsf PdP;aL kmf];{sf] cf8df ;':tf If]qsf] sl/a % ;o laufxf hUufdf cltqmd0f u/]kl5 ;':tfjf;Lx¿ cfkm\gf] hUuf s;/L cltqmd0faf6 arfpg] eGg] lrGtfdf 5g\ .

o;/L g} ut jif{ klg ef/tLo laxf/Lx¿n] ;':tf If]qdf sl/a xhf/f}+ laufxf hUuf cltqmd0f u/L vghf]t u/L afnL nufpg] k|of; u/]kl5 l:ylt lgs} ;+j]bgzLn ag]sf] lyof] . @)^# ;fn d+l;/ !$ ut] ;f] ljjfb ldnfpgsf nflu g]kfn / ef/t ;/sf/aLr a}7s a;L ;':tf If]qdf /x]sf] ljjflbt hUufdf b'j} kIfsf hgtfn] x:tIf]k gug]{ ;xdlt ePsf] lyof] . ;f] ;xdltnfO{ tf]8\b} xfn k'gM laxf/Lx¿n] hUuf cltqmd0f u/L ljjfb a9fPsfn] hgtf 7"nf] df/df k/]sf 5g\ . o;/L ;':tf If]qdf laxf/Lx¿n] k6s–k6s hUuf cltqmd0f ug]{ k|of; ul//xG5g\ . ;':tfsf hgtf ef/tsf] e};fnf]6g -jflNdsL gu/_ If]qaf6 cfjthfjt ug'{kg]{ / b}lgs vfBfGg tyf nQfsk8fsf nflu ef/tLo ahf/df g} k'Ug'kg]{ afWotf ePsfn] cfjthfjtdf klg P;P;aL kmf];{n] ;do;dodf /f]s nufpg], ;fdfg vf]:g] / nfg glbg] ugf{n] hgtf jiff}{+b]lv kLl8t /x]sf 5g\ . ut d+l;/ !$ ut] ePsf] ;+emf}tfljk/Lt ef/tLox¿n] k'gM hUuf cltqmd0f ubf{ / ;':tfjf;LnfO{ cfjthfjt ug{ cK7\of/f] l:ylt agfp“bf klg g]kfn ;/sf/ df}g /x]sf] 5 .

;':tfjf;Lx¿n] lqj]0fLl:yt u08s Aof/]hdf @ 306f wgf{ lbO{ cfjthfjtdf /f]s nufO{ lj/f]w hgfPsf lyP eg] lhk|sf gjnk/f;Ldf 3]/fp u/L lj/f]w hgfpg] s'/f ;':tf If]q arfpm ;ldltsf cWoIf uf]kfn u'¿ªn] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ .

:df/ssf nflu ;xof]u

sf7df8f}+ . cd]l/sfsf] elh{lgof kf]ln6]lSgs OlG:6Ro'6 P08 :6]6 o'lgel;{6L -elh{lgof 6]s_ sf] ;fem]bf/Ldf lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf] jglj1fg cWoog ;+:yfg
-OlG:6Ro'6 ckm km/]:6«L_ df æpTs[i6tfsf] s]Gb|Æ :yfkgfsf nflu cd]l/sL cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u lgof]u -o"P;P8_ n] $,))))) cd]l/sL 8n/ ;xof]u:j¿k k|bfg ug]{ u/]sf] 5 .

;]K6]Da/ @#, @))^ sf] x]lnsK6/ b'3{6gfdf lbj+ut JolQmTjx¿sf] ;Ddfgdf :yflkt pQm s]Gb|n] ;+/If0fsf] If]qdf :t/Lo tflndx¿ ;~rfng ug]{5 tyf eljiosf nflu g]kfndf jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0fsf] If]qdf sfd ug]{] g]t[Tj lgdf{0fdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg] 5 .

s~rgh+3f If]qdf ;]K6]Da/ @#, @))^ df ePsf] b'Mvb\ x]lnsK6/ b'3{6gfdf g]kfnsf cu|0fL jftfj/0fsdL{x¿sf] lgwg ePsf] lyof] . of] g]kfnsf] ;+/If0f If]qdf sfo{/t ;d'bfon] ef]Ug'k/]sf] ck|Tofl;t Iflt lyof] . pQm 36gfdf Hofg u'dfpg] @$ hgfdWo] g]kfn ;/sf/sf ljlzi6 clwsf/Lx¿, ljZj jGohGt' sf]if -8An" 8An" Pkm_ sf ljz]if1x¿ tyf s"6gLlt1x¿ lyP . o"P;P8sf pklgb]{zs dfu{/]6 cn]Sh]G8/ tyf sfo{qmd ljz]if1 8f= lj1fg cfrfo{ klg pQm x]lnsK6/df x'g'x'GYof] .

pQm pTs[i6tfsf] s]Gb|n] jglj1fg cWoog ;+:yfgsf] Ifdtfdf ljsf; u/L jglj1fg tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t;fwg ;+/If0fdf sfo{/t cu|0fL cg';Gwftf, cWofks, tyf k]zfsdL{x¿sf] k|lzIf0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ljZjf; o"P;P8÷g]kfnn] lnPsf] 5 . ljZj jGohGt' sf]ifn] klxrfg u/]cg';f/ sd df}sf kfPsf ;d'bfosf dlxnf tyf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k|lzlIft u/L pgLx¿nfO{ jglj1fg cWoog ;+:yfgdf ;dfj]z u/fpg]tkm{ pQm s]Gb|n] ljz]if Wofg k'¥ofpg] 5 .

pQm s]Gb|dfkm{t ljZjljVoft cGt/f{li6«o cWofksx¿nfO{ kf]v/fdf n}hfg] / pgLx¿åf/f cWofkg tyf k|of]ufTds cg';Gwfgsf] sfo{df ;xof]u lng] cfzf /flvPsf] 5 . elh{lgof 6]s / lqe'jg ljZjljBfnoaLrsf] ;DaGwsf] pkof]u u/L k]zfut cfbfgk|bfg tyf k|lzIf0f;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx¿af6 k|z:t} nfe lng] jftfj/0f agfOg] 5 .

o;sf cltl/Qm o"P;P8n] x]lnsK6/ b'3{6gf:yn 3'G;fdf :df/ssf] ¿kdf Pp6f n3' hnljB't kl/of]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu !%),))) cd]l/sL 8n/a/fa/sf] ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{5 . of] kl/of]hgfn] sl/a *) 3/df lah'nL pknAw u/fpg] 5 . o"P;P8÷g]kfnn] g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ zflGt k|lqmof, nf]stGq, ;'zf;g, :jf:Yo, kl/jf/ lgof]hg, cfly{s a[l4 tyf cGo dfgjLo If]qdf ljut %^ jif{b]lv ;xof]u pknAw u/fp“b} cfPsf] 5 . of] jif{ cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] ;ft s/f]8 8n/eGbf a9L a/fa/sf] ;xof]u g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] 5 .

g]lj;+3sf] lrofkfg

sf7df8f}+ . b'O{ sf+u|];aLr Pstf ePsf] v';LofnLdf g]lj;+3n] zlgaf/ lrofkfg sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] . kb\dsGof SofDk;df ePsf] sfo{qmddf sf+u|];sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿, dxf;ldlt ;b:ox¿, e"tk"j{ ljBfyL{ g]tfnufotsfsf] pNn]Vo pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . cfk;L ;b\efj lj:tf/ ug]{ x]t'n] lrofkfg sfo{qmd ul/Psf] cfrfo{sf] egfO lyof] .

To;}u/L g]lj;+3n] k|hftGq / zflGtsf nflu Dofgdf/df ePsf] leIf'x¿sf] cfGbf]ngdf P]Soa4tf hgfp“b} z'qmaf/ nlntk'/l:yt Dofgdf/ b"tfjf;dfkm{t Toxf“sf] ;/sf/nfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfPsf] 5 . cWoIf k|bLk kf}8]nsf] g]t[Tjdf uPsf] g]lj;+3sf] 6f]nLn] leIf'x¿dfly ePsf] aa{/ bdg /f]Sg Toxf“sf] ;/sf/nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . k|hftGq axfnL ug{;d]t dfu ul/Psf] g]lj;+3n] hgfPsf] 5 .

:j:y d'6'sf nflu xfdL ;a} h'6f}+

x[bo/f]usf lj/fdLx¿ / ;du| hgdfg;df d'6'/f]uaf/] cfjZos hgr]tgfsf] clej[l4 ug]{–u/fpg] clek|fon] gle{s P:s6{; OG6/g]zgn xl:k6nn] lxhf] d'6'/f]u /f]syfdaf/] ljljw sfo{qmdsf ;fy Ps ljif]z sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] . gle{s xl:k6ndf ljutdf x[bo3ftnufotsf cGo hl6n d'6'/f]usf] ;kmn pkrf/ u/fO{ xfn ;fdfGo hLjg latfO/x]sf x[bo/f]usf lj/fdLx¿ / x[bo/f]u ljz]if1x¿aLr cGt/lqmofTds sfo{qmd klg ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . pQm ;df/f]xdf gle{ssf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs tyf sG;N6\ofG6 sfl8{of]nf]lhi6 8f= e/t /fjnn] d'6'/f]usf ljljw kIfaf/] k|sfz kf/]sf lyP eg] xl:k6nsf lgb]{zs 8f= Pd=s]= dNn] :jfut efif0f u/]sf lyP .

xfn ljZje/df !% s/f]8 %) nfveGbf a9L afnaflnsfx¿ a9L tf}n, e2f / df]6f]kgaf6 kLl8t 5g\ . jo:s cj:yfdf oL b'a} x[bo/f]usf sf/stŒj aGg ;S5g\ . cfkm\gf afnaflnsfnfO{ :j:y / pko'Qm vfgf v'jfP/ tyf lgoldt zf/Ll/s Jofofd u/fP/ cgfjZos zf/Ll/s tf}nnfO{ lgoGq0fdf /fVg] / eljiodf cfOkg{ ;Sg] d'6'/f]u tyf x[boult aGb x'g] /f]usf sf/stŒjx¿af6 pgLx¿nfO{ arfpg] sfo{df cleefjsx¿n] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5g\ .

OGe]:6d]G6 a}+sn] @% k|ltzt z]o/ lbg]

g]kfn OGe]:6d]G6 a}+s lnld6]8sf] @(@cf}+ af]8{sf] a}7sn] z]o/ wgLnfO{ @% k|ltzt af]g; z]o/ lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ )^#÷)^$ df a}+sn] cfh{g u/]sf] d'gfkmfaf6 ;f] z]o/ lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] a}+såf/f hf/L lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

% k|ltzt d'gfkmf gubd} lbg] lg0f{o klg a}+sn] u/]sf] 5 . k|lt % xsk|b z]o/ a/fa/ Ps z]o/ lbg] lg0f{o ;f] a}+sn] u/]sf] 5 .

;nf{xLdf r'gfjL rxnkxn

dn+ujf . ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj glhls“b} hf“bf ;nf{xLdf r'gfjL rxnkxn a9]sf] 5 . r'gfjL ;Gbe{df ;a} bnn] cf–cfkm\gf pDd]bjf/nfO{ cl3 ;f/]sf 5g\ .

g]kfnL sf+u|];n] ^ j6} If]qaf6 pDd]bjf/x¿sf] gfd o; cl3 g} l;kmfl/; u/L s]Gb|df k7fO;s]sf] 5 . l;kmfl/;sf qmddf ;nf{xLsf g]sf ;efklt jf;'b]jz/0f sf]O/fnfn] If]q / lhNnfaf6 l;kmfl/; eP/ cfPsf nf]slk|o pDd]bjf/afx]ssf hgfwf/ gePsf JolQmsf] gfd l;kmfl/; u/]sf] u'gf;f] sfo{stf{aLr rln/x]sf] 5 .

If]q / lhNnfsf] l;kmfl/;kl5 ;Defljt pDd]bjf/x¿ /fhwfgL nfu]sf 5g\ . o; qmddf g]kfnL sf+u|];af6 a]gLaxfb'/ sfsL{, ;Tob]j l;+x, dLgf kf08], levf/L d+;'/, gfu]Gb| /fo / dGqL dxGy 7fs'/ ;jf{lws rrf{df 5g\ . o;}u/L Pdfn]af6 nId0f kf}8]n, df]= l/hjfg, s]zj 9'+ufgf, /fhgf/fo0f ;fx, dx]Gb| /fo, cjw]zk|;fb l;+x rlr{t 5g\ . o;/L g} hgdf]rf{af6 k|x\nfb a'9fyf]sL / hgclwsf/ kmf]/daf6 s[i0fb]j ofbj, czf]s ofbj / /jLGb| ofbj tyf dfcf]jfbLaf6 dlgif dfemL / ;'/]Gb| ofbj rrf{df /x]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL lj/f]w eP klg ufp“–ufp“df d+l;/ ^ ut] x'g] r'gfjsf] rrf{ rln/x]sf] 5 .

;fgLdfsf] P;PdP; a}+lsª k|f/De

sf7df8f}+ . ;do;fk]If pRr:t/Lo ;]jf k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] ;fgLdf ljsf; a}+sn] cfhaf6 P;PdP; a}+lsª ;]jf ;'? u/]sf] 5 . rf}aL;} 306f pknAw x'g] a}+lsª ;'ljwfn] cfkm\gf] a}+s lgIf]k vftf jf shf{ vftfdf ePsf ultljlwx¿sf] hfgsf/L t'¿Gt pknAw x'g] a}+sn] hgfPsf] 5 . u|fxsn] h'g;'s} ;dodf htf;'s} a;]/ cfkm\gf] vftfsf] ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L t'¿Gt k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] / shf{sf] ls:tf e'QmfgL ug]{ ;do cfPsf] hfgsf/L;d]t k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] hfgsf/L;d]t k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . df]afOnsf] dfWodaf6 P;PdP; a}+lsªcGtu{t Aofn]G; a'em\g, vftfdf ePsf] sf/f]af/ x]g{, ljb]zL ljlgdo b/ a'e\mg, r]sa'ssf] dfu ug{, :6]6d]G6sf] nflu clu|d dfu ug{, shf{sf] Aofh tyf ls:tf e'QmfgLnufotsf hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] 5 . ;fgLdfn] ut cfly{s jif{df ! ca{ *@ s/f]8 lgIf]k, ! ca{ %) s/f]8 shf{ nufgL / ! s/f]8 *& nfv d'gfkmf u/]sf] lj1lKtdfk{mt hgfPsf] 5 .

k|fOd a}+sn] sf/f]af/ ;'? u¥of]

sf7df8f}+ . lghL If]qaf6 v'n]sf] @!cf}+ afl0fHo a}+s k|fOd sdl;{on a}+s x'g k'u]sf] 5 . ;f] a}+ssf] z'qmaf/ cy{dGqL 8f= /fdz/0f dxtn] pb\3f6g u/] . pb\3f6gsf] cj;/df af]Nb} dGqL dxtn] cGt/f{li6«o a}+sx¿;“u k|lt:kwf{Tds ;fdgf ug{ g]kfnL a}+sx¿n] cfkm\gf] ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/nfO{ a9fpg'kg]{ atfP . ! ca{ %) s/f]8sf] clws[t k"“hL, ! ca{ hf/L k"“hL / &) s/f]8 r'Qmf k"“hL ePsf] k|fOd a}+s xfn;Dd lghL If]qsf ;a}eGbf w]/} # ;o %( hgf k|j4{s /x]sf 5g\ . a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;fdflhs bfloTjk|lt hjfkmb]xL x'g cfu|x ub}{ ;dfg'kflts ljsf;sf nflu ;x/ tyf s]Gb|d'vL geO{ u|fdL0f If]qdf sf/f]af/ lj:tf/ ug'{kg]{df dGqL dxtsf] hf]8 lyof] .

/fi6« a}+ssf sfd' ueg{/ s[0faxfb'/ dfgGw/n] /fi6« a}+s tyf ;+:yfx¿nfO{ s8fO ug]{ atfP . a}+s;{ ;+3sf cWoIf /fw]z kGtn] k"jf{wf/ If]qdf nufgL ug{ cGt/f{li6«o ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf] ;+nUgtfdf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+s cfpg nfu]sf] hfgsf/L lbP . pBf]u afl0fHo dxf;+3sf cWoIf rl08/fh 9sfnn] k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, /f]hfuf/Ld"ns / pTkfbgd"ns pBf]udf nufgL s]lGb|t ug{ a}+snfO{ ;'emfj lbP . a}+ssf cWoIf g/]Gb| ah|frfo{n] l56f]5l/tf] / ljZjfl;nf] ;]jf lbg] tyf lgIf]k / shf{sf] Aofhdf nrstf ckgfpg] k|lta4tf JoQm ub}{ P;PdP;, ;GWofsfnLg sfpG6/ / # ;o ^% lbg a}+lsË ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ atfP .

ljb]zL ko{6snfO{ sfe|]df ;Ddfg

sfe|] . ljZj ko{6g lbj;sf] cj;/df cf7 /fi6«sf !$ hgf ljb]zL ko{6snfO{ laxLaf/ w'lnv]ndf ;Ddfg ul/Psf] 5 . ko{6g ;"rgf s]Gb| w'lnv]n / xf]6n P;f]l;P;g g]kfn -xfg_ sfe|]åf/f cfof]lht sfo{qmddf pgLx¿nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] xf] . g]kfnL 9fsf 6f]kL, vfbf / km'ndfnf;lxt ;Ddfg ul/Pkl5 ljb]zL ko{6sx¿ dVv dfq k/]gg\, pgLx¿ g]kfn / lz/ ;u/dfyfh:tf] pRr ePsf] cg'ej ;'gfP . ko{6s lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/]/ xfg / ko{6g ;"rgf s]Gb|n] P]ltxfl;s Pj+ ko{6sLo gu/L kgf}tL If]qsf] OGb|]Zj/ dlGb/ kl/;/df ;/;kmfO sfo{qmd u¥of] . :yfgLo lzIfs, ljBfyL{, xf]6n Joj;foL, ko{6g Joj;foL / ;"rgf s]Gb|sf k|ltlglwx¿n] dlGb/ kl/;/ ;kmfO u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf xfg sfe|]sf cWoIf c¿0f >]i7, kgf}tL gu/ kflnsfsf OGb| clwsf/Lnufotn] kgf}tL Pp6f k'/fgf] / P]ltxfl;s ;x/L If]qsf] ;+/If0f ub}{ ko{6s k|j4{gdf ;lqmo x'g'kg]{ atfP .

ko{6g ;"rgf s]Gb|sf ;+of]hs ;'jf;sfhL >]i7n] ko{6g;DaGwL ;fdu|L kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf lgldQ k|d'v k|]ds'df/ ;f]gfdnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ub}{ sf7df8f}+af6 cToGt glhssf] of] lhNnfaf6 lxdfnsf] cjnf]sg /fd|f];“u ug{ kfpg'sf ;fy} P]ltxfl;stfsf] klg e08f/ /x]sfn] ko{6g If]qdf Wofg lbg h¿/L /x]sf] atfP .

– rGb| 9sfn

k"j{s} /d0fLo lxn]ahf/sf] d'xf/ k]ml/g]

– ljho;Gtf]ifL /fO{

wgs'6f . wgs'6f gu/kflnsfsf] kxndf k"j{s} /d0fLo tyf ;'Gb/ lxn]ahf/sf] d'xf/ ca km]l/g] ePsf] 5 . lbg–k|ltlbg cJojl:yt / s'¿k aGb} uPsf] wgs'6fsf] rlr{t ko{6sLo :yn lxn]ahf/nfO{ Jojl:yt 9+un] ljsf; ug{ wgs'6f gu/kflnsfdf k|sf]k lgoGq0f ;ldltsf] a}7s a;L ljleGg lg0f{o u/L cleofg ;+rfng u/]sf] 5 .

wgs'6f gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L clws[t dx]Gb|s'df/ vfDofxfËsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] ;/f]sf/ lgsfox¿;“usf] pQm ;j{kIfLo a}7sn] a;kfs{ / xl6ofnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ tyf kmf]x/d}nfnfO{ plrt 9+un] Joj:yfkg ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] wgs'6f gu/kflnsfsf ufp“–gu/ ;fem]bf/L sfo{s|dsf k|aGws g'if/fh >]i7n] atfP .

lxn] a;kf{sdf ;fj{hflgs zf}rfnosf] lgdf{0f ug]{, ahf/ If]qdf hL0f{ /x]sf] ;8snfO{ sfnf]kq] u/L lgdf{0f ug]{, 6«flkmssf] Joj:yf ug]{, ;8ssf] bfof“afof“df ;jf/L ;fwgx¿ kfls{Ë ug{ glbg] / k;nsf ;fdfgx¿ klg las|L–ljt/0fsf nflu /fVg glbg] lg0f{o ePsf] wgs'6f gu/kflnsfsf k|zf;g zfvfsf k|d'v 8Da/ /f]u'n] atfP .

;d'Gb| ;txb]lv nueu ^ xhf/ lkm6sf] prfO“df rf/}lt/ xl/of 8f“8fkfvfx¿nfO{ kx/] agfP/ a;]sf] ;'Gb/ lxn]ahf/ cg's"n xfjfkfgL, /d0fLo :yn clg dsfn' / s~rgh“3fnufotsf ljleGg lxdlzv/x¿ 3'Dg hfg] ko{6sx¿sf] nflu klg d"nåf/ ePsfn] o;sf] ;'Gb/tfnfO{ lalu|g glbO{ cem l;+ufg'{kg]{ ePsfn] ca lxn]ahf/af;Lx¿ ;lqmotfk"j{s o; cleofgdf nfUg] lxn]ahf/ sld6Lsf cWoIf Pj+ pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3 wgs'6fsf cWoIf nfnrg uf]ª\jfn] atfP . ko{6sLo lx;fan] w]/} ;Defjgf ePsf] lxn]ahf/sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu ;a}n] ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ wf/0ff;d]t pgn] /fv] .

lxn]ahf/nfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ gu/kflnsfsf] o; cleofgnfO{ lxn]ahf/ sld6L, lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, lxn] vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf ;ldlt, ;8s l8lehg sfof{no, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 wgs'6f, oftfot Jofj;foLnufot lxn]ahf/af;Lx¿n] cf–cf ˆgf] If]qaf6 ;xof]u ug]{ ePsf 5g\ .