Oltxf;sf] lzIff / dfcf]jfbLsf] k/LIff
alb|g/l;+x s]=;L=
k|;+u dfcf] / Rofª\sfOz]saf6 yfnf}+ . rLlgof“ qmflGtdf dfcf]sf] ;Lldt …hgd'lQm ;]gfÚ n] Sof]–ldGtfª k|zff;gsf ;zQm / c;Lldt ;]gfnfO{ s;/L k/fhLt u¥of] eGg]af/] hf]:j] b] sf:qf] gfds Ps O6flnogn] cfºgf] k':tsdf n]v]sf /x]5g\– RofªsfO{z]ssf ;]gfdfly sDo'lgi6 ;]gfn] ljho ug{ ;Sg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f Rofªsf ;]gfleq ;f]leot ;+3sf] 3';k}7 tyf dfcf]nfO{ e/kbf]{ ef}lts ;xof]u g} xf] eGg] sltko dflg;sf] ts{ 5 . t/ of]eGbf klg dxŒjk"0f{ sf/0f cs}{ 5 . ===oBlk Rofª\sfOz]ssf] alnof] ldqzlQmsf ¿kdf cd]l/sf v8f 5, t/ dfcf]sf cg'ofoLx¿;“u of]eGbf alnof] ldqzlQm ;lqmo 5 . Tof] ldqzlQm eg]sf] ef]s xf] . ===dfcf]sf] ;]gfdf hjfg elt{ u/fpg] ;zQm uNnfjfn eg]sf] clgsfnsf] eofjx l:ylt xf] . rLgdf ;fDojfbsf] ;kmntfsf] /x:o sDo'lgi6x¿n] clgsfn / ef]ssf] eofjx cj:yfaf6 hgtfnfO{ arfpg] Uof/]06L lbPsf] sf/0fn] xf] .
log} sf:qf] sfnfGt/df ljZj vfB tyf s[lif ;+u7g -Pkm=P=cf]=_ sf] sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\sf cWoIf klg eP . logsf] ljrf/df rLgsf] sDo'lgi6 qmflGt g dfS;{jfb n]lggjfbn] ;kmn u/fPsf] xf], g t dfcf] ljrf/wf/fn] g} ;+ej u/fPsf] xf] eGg] xf] . ;DkGgtf / lgw{gtfsf aLrsf] cGt/lj/f]w, …x'g]–vfg]Ú / …x'“bf vfg]Ú ju{sf jLrsf] åGånfO{ ;+ul7t u/]/ g} sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng x'g] u5{ . of] ;To dfcf]n] a'em] jf ga'em] klg …k"“hLjfbL zf;sÚ x¿n] klg ga'em]sf eg] xf]Ogg\ . ;g\ !(^@ -@)!( ;fn_ lt/ tTsflng cd]l/sL /fi6«klt hf]xg Pkm=s]g]8Ln] eg]sf lyP, …lgw{g d'n'sdf k|r'/ bf}nt / zlQm af]s]/ a;]sfx¿n] cfºgf] lhDd]jf/L klg :jLsfg'{ k5{ . ===zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ h;n] c;+ej ;fljt u5{, To:tfn] lx+;fTds cfGbf]ng ckl/xfo{ agfOlbG5g\ .Ú
d}n] klg of] ;fdflhs tyf juL{o rl/q tyf :jefjnfO{ s]xL a'em]sf] 5' . jL=kL=n] Pp6f ;fwf/0f t/ ulx/f] k|efj /fVg] s'/f af]Ng'ePsf] lyof], …xfd|f ;'s'Djf;L, e"tk"j{ ;}lgs, tNnf:t/sf sd{rf/L tyf ls;fgx¿n] /fd|/L b'O{ 5fs vfg kfpg\ . ltgLx¿n] Pp6f 5xf/L d'lg a:g kfpg\ . s]6fs]6Ln] k9\g kfpg\ . cf}iflw pkrf/sf] Joj:yf xf];\ . ===ToxL xf] k|hftGq †Ú ef]s / ul/jLaf6 pTkGg x'g] lx+;f, åGå / snxnfO{ x6fP/ k|hftGqk|lt cfsif{0f a9fpg] jL=kL=sf] of] gLlt ;txLx¿nfO{ ;txL nfUof] xf]nf, t/ o;sf] dxTjsf] ulx/fO{ a'em]sfx¿n] @)#^ ;fnsf] hgdt ;+u|xdf jL=kL=sf] oxL egfOnfO{ sf“u|];sf] d"n ;Gb]zsf ¿kdf b]zel/ k'¥ofP . jf:tjdf dfcf]n] rLgdf / dfcf]jfbLn] g]kfndf a6'n]sf] lg0ff{os zlQmsf k5fl8 o:t} sf/0f lyP / /lx/x]sf 5g\ . oxL oyfy{sf cfwf/df o;kfnL dfcf]jfbLn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj lhTof] . p;sf] hLt lglj{jfb / lgisn+lst cjZo 5}g, t/ ef]sf, gfËf / NofKr]jfn hg;d'bfosf] ef]6 lng ;kmn ePsf] oyfy{nfO{ pk]Iff ug{ klg ;lsGg .
dfS;{jfb jf dfcf]jfb ;fDojfbsf dGq ;'gfp“b} cfp“b}g, of] t hgtfsf] ef]sf] k]6nfO{ /fhgLlts/0f ug{ cfp“5 . u'nfj hn 5b}{ cfpg] xf]Og, /Qmkft / s7f]/tfsf ;fy …pbf/tfjfb aGb u/Ú eGb} cfp“5 . cflv/ ;fDojfb eg]sf] Pp6f ju{sf] ;j{;Qfjfb / clwgfosjfb g} xf] . ;fy{s k|hftGq rfxg]x¿sf nflu h'g;'s} clwgfosjfb eP klg Tof], 3f“6L af“w]/ xTof ug]{ 8f]/L /]zdsf] ls skf;sf] eGg] ljjfb hlt dfq xf] . !÷@ jif{ cufl8 k"j{ k|wfg;]gfklt :j= ;lTrt zDz]/n] /fhgLlts efif0fsf] qmddf …ca bnx¿dfly k|ltjGw nufpg' k5{Ú eg]kl5 d}n] …of] cJojxfl/s s'/f xf] / /fhtGq l;Wofpg] ljiffQm ljrf/ xf]Ú eg]sf] lyP“ . lsgsL h;n] hlt;'s} bf]if nufpg\, g]kfnsf] /fhtGq bdg / ;j{;QfjfbL clwgfosjfbL pkfodf xf]Og, ;fy{s k|hftGq / ;a} /fli6«o zlQmsf] ;xcl:tTjsf ;fy dfq l6Sg ;Sb5 . oxL b[9 dfGotfsf cfwf/df d}n] cfºgf n]v /rgfdf jL=kL=nfO{ …hggfosÚ egL pNn]v ubf{ cfkm"nfO{ …vf“§L /fhfjfbLÚ eGg] s;}n] …jfx † jf/Djf/ jL=kL=nfO{ hggfos eg]/ n]Vg] tkfO{+ klg /fhtGqjfbL †Ú egL k|ltlqmof lbPsf lyP . ;'Gb}5', cfh tL …/fhfjfbLÚ dfcf]jfbL ePsf 5g\ . d eg] hxf“sf] ToxL“ 5' .
g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbLx¿ ;Qfsf] xflnd'xfnL ;DxfNg cufl8 a9\b}5g\ . ;/sf/ u7gsf k/Dk/fut ultljlw / k|lqmofnfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] klg cg'z/0f u/]sf] 5 . ta s] dfcf]jfbLsf] …;Qf sAhfÚn] d'n'snfO{ k"0f{ sDo'lgi6 zf;glt/ n}hfG5 < cfh o; k|Zgsf] oyfy{ hjfkm ;j{q vf]lhPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL g]tfx¿n] tfTsflns ¿kdf …k"“hLjfbL /fhgLlts tyf cfly{s Joj:yfnfO{ cufl8 a9fp“5f}+Ú eg]kl5 w]/} sDo'lgi6x¿ lvl;|Ss k/]sf klg 5g\ .
…of] /fhtGqsf] o'u xf]OgÚ eGb} /fhtGqnfO{ ;dfKt kfg]{ tfp/ dfp/ z'? ePsf] a]nf k|Zg p7\of], o'u klg kmnfgfsf] xf] jf l9:sfgfsf] xf]Og eGg] k]jf ¿kdf x'G5 / < o:tf] bfjL] lj/f]wsf] cfzon] /fhgLltdf a]OdfgLsf] uGw 5f]8\b5 . of] /fhtGqsf] o'u xf]Og eg] ;fDojfb jf sDo'lgi6sf] o'u klg xf]Og / gx'g' kg]{ xf] . lsgsL ut () sf] bzsb]lv g} sDo'lgi6 zf;gsf] c;kmntfsf] nx/ rln;s]sf] 5 / o;n] rLg, So'jf / pQ/ sf]l/ofsf sDo'lgi6 zf;gdf klg sxfnLnfUbf] e"sDk rnfO/x]sf] 5 .
Pstfsf ;fDojfbL zf;gsf] ba\baf ;+;f/el/ km}lnof] . cg]s ¿ksf sDo'lgi6 zf;sx¿ pbfP / kfgLsf] kmf]sf em}+ ljnfP . kf]nkf]6 x'g\ jf afa|fs sdf{n, lgsf]nfO rfp;]:s' x'g\ jf lkm8]n Sof:6«f], dfcf] x'g\ jf r]–Uj]ef/f oL ;a} sDo'lgi6 g]tfx¿ hgtfsf] ul/jLdf /fhgLlt ug]{ clwgfosjfbL g]tf x'g\, hf] …cd]l/sf–lj/f]wjfbLÚ nx/sf Ph]06sf ¿kdf lrlgP, cflv/ pNsfem}+ ljnfP, gIfq eP/ l6Sg ;s]gg\ . To; hdfgfdf ;+;f/sf w]/} /fhtGqx¿ sDo'lgi6 ljt08fn] ;dfKt t eP, t/ Toxf“ zf;sLo ;'lj:tf hgtfn] kfpg ;s]gg\ . /fhtGqsf] :yfg cTofrf/L zf;sn] lnP .
cefjdf af“r]sf hgtfnfO{ cfsf; kftfn b]vfP/ cfºgf] cleofgdf lx+8fpg ;lhnf] x'g;S5 . ul/jsf] k6'sf Roft]/ x“l;of–xyf}+8f c+lst em08f agfP/ kmx/fpg klg ;lsG5 . ul/jL af“8]/ k"“hL, k"“hLklt, k"“hLjfb / To;n] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] k|hftGq, gful/s clwsf/ tyf sNof0fsf/L /fHo Joj:yfsf lj?4 dflg;x¿ pEofpg ;lsPnf . dhb'/sf] kl;gfnfO{ ;fDojfbL /fhgLlts/0f klg ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ sDo'lgi6 zf;gsf] ktg / k|hftGqsf] k'gM:yfkgf lsg eof] eg] dflg; ef]snfO{ /fhgLlts/0f ug]{ kl/kf6Lsf] vf]hLdf xf]Og ef]saf6 d'lQm / r]tgfn] af“Rg] :jtGqtfsf] vf]hL ul//xG5 . d'lQm tyf :jtGqtfsf] vf]hLn] dflg;nfO{ ;fDojfbdf hflsg xf]Og, k|hftGqsf] pHofnf]lt/ 8f]xf]¥ofp“5 .
ef]sn] u|:t, gfËf]kgsf] nfrf/L / clzIffsf] cGwsf/df lklN;Psf hgtfnfO{ ;fDojfb Ifl0fs cfsif{0f x'g ;S5 . tyflk bL3{sfnLg hLjgk4lt x'g ;Sb}g, ;s]g . ljZjdf c;kmn ePsf zf;g Joj:yf g]kfndf ;kmn x'g] ck]Iff ug'{ lgbf]{if t/ e/f];flxg dfly e/f];f ug'{ dfq xf] . /fhtGqsf] pGd"ng u/]/ ;fDojfbL zf;g nfu" ePsf sDjf]l8of, ckmuflg:tfg, Olyof]lkof hxf“ klg hgtfn] ;'lj:tfsf] hLjg kfPgg\ . ;+;bjfbL bnsf] s'zf;gaf6 jfSs ePsf g]kfnL hgtf ljjztfsf ;fy ef}+tfl/P/ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ rfVg / dfcf]jfbLn] g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ lugLlku agfpg' Pp6f s'/f xf] . t/ jf:tljstf xf]Og, d[udl/lrsf h:tf] dfq xf] . x]b}{ hfpm“ cufl8 s] s] x'g] xf] <
cfz / qf;sf] cleJolQm xf] dtkl/0ffd
–rGb|k|sfz aflgof“–
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg lglj{£g ¿kdf ;DkGg eof] . lgjf{rgdf cleJoQm hgdtn] /fi6«sf] cfsf+Iff, ?rL / k|j[lQnfO{ ;d]t ;fj{hlgs ul/lbPsf] 5 . lgjf{rg kl/0ffdn] g]kfnL hgdtnfO{ cfkm\gf] 7]s]bf/L ;Demg] d'v{tf ug]{ s]xL 7"nf bnx¿sf] cledfgdf 7]; k'¥ofPtfklg d'n'ssf] cfjZostf /fd|f];“u 7Dofpg ;Sg] g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;'ema'em / ljj]snfO{ ljZj;d'bfo ;dIf 5n{ª kfl/lbPsf] 5 . /fHosf] k'g;++{/rgf / ;+3fTds u0ftflGqs Joj:yf :yfkgf ug{sf lglDQ gof“ ;+ljwfg hgtfsf] ;+nUgtfdf n]lvg'kg]{ Ph]08f g]skf dfcf]jfbLs} xf] / ca n]lvg] gof“ ;+ljwfg p;}sf] g]t[Tjdf n]lvg' Gofof]lrQ / e/kbf]{ x'G5 eGg] s'/fsf] kl/kSj cleJolQm o;k6ssf] dtkl/0ffdn] lbPsf] 5 .
g]skf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ g]t[Tj k|fKt xf];\ t/ ax'dtsf] cx+sf/af6 cjfl~5t anldRofO{df pqg;Sg] cljj]saf6 p;nfO{ arfcf];\ eg]/ g]kfnL hgtfn] Ps–Ps dtsf] lx;fa lstfa u/]sf] b]lvof] . k|ToIf / ;dfg'kflts b'a}tkm{sf] dtbfgdf hgtfn] oltlj£g ;r]ttfk"j{s gfktf}n u/]sf] b]lvof] ls sxL+ st} clnstf klg hgtfsf] cledt c;Gt'lnt x'g kfPg . klxnf] r/0fdf dfcf]jfbLsf] kIfdf cTolws dtnx/ b]lvP kl5 ljljw sf/0fjz :ylut x'g uPsf] bf];|f] r/0fsf] dtbfgdf …lhTg]nfO{ dt lbg]Ú ckl/kSstf klg sxL+ st} b]lvPg . bf];|f] r/0fdf cf};t eGbf sd dt g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] kIfdf k/]sf] pbfx/0fn] g]kfnL hgdt efjfj]z, cfj]u, 8/qf;, nf]e nfnr jf cGo s'g} sf/0faf6 k|efljt x'“b}g eGg] k|dfl0ft ul/lbPsf] 5 . o;k6ssf] lgjf{rgdf g]kfnL
sf+u|]; / g]skf Pdfn]n] ef]Ug' k/]sf] ck|Toflzt / csNkgLo k/fho :jo+ tL kf6L{x¿sf nflu dfq} xf]Og, s}of}+ ldl8of 6fO{s'gx¿, slyt ljåfg ljZn]ifsx¿ / b]zL ljb]zL /fhgLlts zlQm s]Gb|x¿sf nflu ;d]t hjh{:t dgf]j}1flgs cf3ft ;fljt ePsf] 5 . ltgLx¿sf cfu|x, ck]Iff / dgu9Gt] ljZn]if0fx¿nfO{ g]kfnL hgdtn] xfjfbf/L k|dfl0ft ul/lbof] . o;k6ssf] dtkl/0ffd s;} s;}sf cfu|xL gh/df csNkgLo / ck|Toflzt …;'gfdLÚ 7x/]sf] xf]nf . xf], of] of}6f k|r08 ;'gfdL g} xf] . t/, o;n] s;}nfO{ 3/af/ ljxLg agfPg, s'g} u'nhf/ a:tL phf8]g . of] ;'gfdLn] ;lbcf}+b]lv d'n'sdf h/fuf8]/ /x]sf] ;fdGtjfbsf] d"nf]R5]bgsf] 9f]sf vf]Nof] . o;n] xfd|f] /fhgLltdf /x]sf] oyfl:yltjfbL lrGtgnfO{ ;d]t l;lgQ a9fl/lbof] / d'n'snfO{ kl/jt{gsf] ;'gf}nf ls/0fsf] bz{g u/fO{lbof] .
hgdtnfO{ cfkm\gf] jkf}tL 7fGg] ah|:jf+“7x¿ o;k6ssf] lgjf{rgdf g/fd|f];“u k5fl/Psf 5g\ . slxNo} xfb}{ gxfg]{ lgjf{rgsf :jo+3f]lift s"zn v]nf8Lx¿ o;k6s ;8s, uNnL / rf]s rf}/:tfx¿lt/ leh]sf] la/fnf] ag]/ a/flng yfn]sf 5g\ . lgjf{rg eg]s} o:t} xf] . lxhf] lhTg]x¿n] cfh xf5{g\ / cfh lhTg]x¿n] ef]ln xfg'{kg]{ lbg klg cfpg] g} 5g\ . kf6L{x¿n] xfnf{g\ jf lhTnfg t/ o;k6ssf] lht g]kfnL hgtfsf nflu eg] km]l/ slxNo} xfg'{ gkg]{ lht ag]sf] 5 . of] ljho ;j{sflns ag]sf] 5 . lsgls ca ;lbcf}+ b]lv g]kfnL ;dfhdf h/fuf8]/ /x]sf] ;fdGtjfbsf] ;d"n cGt cjZoDefjL aGof] . ;fdGtL pTkfbgsf] ;DaGw pv]lng] ef] . ;fdGtL zf]if0fn] km]l/ 6fpsf] p7fpg} g;Sg] u/L w/fzfoL x'g] ef] . Tof] v;|] h'sfsf] gfsdf l6Da/ blng] ef] . Tof] ljiffn' ;k{sf] 6fpsf] hgdt¿kL nf7Ln] w'ln;ft kfl/lbg] ef] . / ;“u;“u} d'n'sdf zflGt / ;d[l4sf] ;'gf}nf] uf]/]6f] klg sf]l/g] ef] . jiff}{ jif{b]lv g]kfn / g]kfnLn] ;+ufn]sf] ;kgf o:t} lyof] .
olta]nf xfd|f] ;dfhdf o;k6ssf] dtkl/0ffdsf] ljZn]if0f x'g yfn]sf] 5 . xf/lhtsf] l;+xfjnf]sg ul/g\ yfn]sf] 5 . x/]s ljifonfO{ x]g]{, ku]{Ng] / hf]Vg] gfKg] b[li6sf]0fx¿ cnu cnu x'G5g\ . xf/lhtnfO{ :jfefljs cy{df glng] / k|lti7fsf] ;jfn agfpg] klg ul/G5 . ljifo j:t'sf] lgikIf / j:t'ut d"Nof+sg ug'{sf] ;f6f] cg]s tkm{ s'ts{sf cfwf/df nfh 5f]Kg] s;/tx¿ klg ul/G5g\ . o;k6s klg dtkl/0ffdsf] ljZn]if0f d"Nof+sgsf] ;Gbe{df ljleGg hf]8 / sf]0faf6 :j:y c:j:y cEof;x¿ x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . ko{j]If0fdf vl6Psf ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfx¿ / /fhgLlts bnx¿sf ;+:yfut lg:sif{x¿ cf}krfl/s ¿kdf ;fj{hlgs x'g t yk s]xL ;do nfUg] g} 5 . ljåfg, a'l4hLjL, /fhgLltsdL{ / :jtGq ljZn]ifsx¿sf JolQmut d"Nof+sg / wf/0ffx¿ eg] ;fj{hlgs x'g yfn]sf 5g\ .
jf:tjdf o;k6s g]kfnL hgdt kl/jt{gsf] kIfdf b]lvof] . ;f]r, lrGtg, b[li6sf]0f, sfo{z}nL, /fhgLlt, Joj:yf / g]t[Tj l;+u}df gof“kgsf] vf]hL eof] . dtkl/0ffdnfO{ ck|Toflzt 7x¥ofpg]x¿dWo] s;} s;}n] o;nfO{ …cfzf / qf;Ú sf] cleJolQm eg]/ hgdtsf] cjd"Nog ug]{ u/]sf] klg b]lvof] . s'/f] ;f“r} klg xf] . dfG5]sf ;Dk"0f{ lqmofsnfkx¿ …nf]e / eoÚ åf/f lgb]{lzt x'G5g\ . dfG5]n] h] h] u5{, nf]edf s]Gb|Lt eP/ u5{ / h] h] ub}{g JolQmut vltsf] 8/sf sf/0fn] ub}{g . g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ / kmf]/d h:tf ck]Iffs[t cfnfsf“rf /fhgLlts bnx¿n] hgtfsf] cTolws hg;dy{g kfpg' / g]skf Pdfn] / g]kfnL sf+u|];h:tf h]7f kf6L{x¿ lt/:s[t x'g'df ToxL vtLIflt / nfexfgLhGo dfgjLo efjgfn] sfd u/]s} xf] eGg ;lsG5 .
g]kfnL ;dfh o'uf}+ o'ub]lv ;fdGtL zf]if0faf6 pTkLl8t /x“b} cfPsf] lyof] . ;fdGtL pTkfbg ;DaGwnfO{ etfe'+u kf/]/ ;fdGtjfbsf] d"nf]R5]bg ug'{df g]kfnL hgtfn] cfkm\gf] ;'gf}nf] eljio b]Vg] u/]sf lyP . g]skf Pdfn] / g]kfnL sf+u|]; h:tf ;+;bjfbL bnx¿sf] g]t[Tjdf d'n'ssf] Tof] clei6 k'/f x'g ;Qm}g eGg] s'/f g]kfnL hgtfn] 7DofO{;s]sf lyP . ztfAbLof}+ b]lv ;dfhdf h/fuf8]/ /x]sf] ;fdGtjfbsf] ;d"n cGt ug{ ;Sg] gof“ zlQmsf] vf]hLdf g]kfnL hgtf lyP . To;}n] bz, bz jif{ nfdf] ;z:q ;+3if{af6 vfl/Psf] / d'n'ssf] pGgtL k|ultsf nflu cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] d'2fx¿ cl3 ;fb}{ cfPsf] gof“ zlQm g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] dfq d'n's / hgtfsf] bldt ck]Iff k"/f ug{;Sg] cfzf hgtfdf knfpg' :jfefljs lyof] . xf], ToxL cfzfn] g]kfnL hgdt g]skf dfcf]jfbLtkm{ cfslif{t ePsf] xf] .
o;k6ssf] dtkl/0ffdnfO{ …qf;sf] sf/0f xf]Ú eg]/ klg ljZn]if0f ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . s'/f] b'?:t To:t} geP klg To;df ;Totfsf] c+z ljNs'n 5“b} 5}g eGg ;lsb}g . ;TonfO{ cfu|xk"j{s clnstf otfptf ul/Psf] dfq xf] . g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] kIfdf k|r08 dtnx/ pTkGg x'g'df g]kfnL ;dfhdf ljBdfg qf; efjsf] dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . g]skf dfcf]jfbL lgjf{rgdf k/flht x'“bf g]kfnLx¿sf] jiff}{b]lvsf] cfsf+Iffn] klg x'g'kg]{ qf; g]kfnL ;dfhdf JofKt e};s]sf] lyof] . g]skf dfcf]jfbL k/flht x'“bf cfkm\gf] eljZo ;d]t cGwsf/df ws]lng] 8/ g]kfnL dtbftfx¿df 3lge"t x'“b} uPsf] lyof] . To;}n] o;k6ssf] dt …ljhodf s]xL k|fKt ug]{ cfzf / k/fhodf s]xL u'dfpg'kg]{ qf;Ú s} sf/0fn] g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] kf]N6fdf k/]sf] xf] . x¿jf kf6L{x¿n] eGg] u/]h:tf] …jfO{;LPnÚ cft+ssf] qf; / c;Dej ;kgfsf] cfzfÚ sf] kl/0ffd dfq} xf] of] eg] dfGg ;lsb}g . of}6f ;r]t dtbftfsf] x}l;otn] hf];'s}n] klg lgw{Ss eGg ;lsg] s'/f s] xf] eg] …g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] lhtdf s]xL k|fKt x'g] cfzf / xf/df eljZosf] ;'gf}nf] ;kgf etfe'+u x'g] qf;Ú cjZo lyof] . o:t} cfz / qf; ;dfhdf pTkGg ug]{ s'/fdf cGo kf6L{x¿ c;kmn ePs} x'g eGg s~h':ofO{ ug'{ kb}{g h:tf] nfU5 .
ca dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tj lglj{sNk
– lgdsfGt kf08] –
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg kl/0ffdn] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ nfO{ ;a}eGbf 7"nf] /fhgLlts zlQmsf ¿kdf :yflkt ul/lbPsf] 5 . cfkm"nfO{ 7"nf /fhgLlts bnsf] bDedf c?sf] cl:tTjnfO{ sdhf]/ b]Vb} cfPsf g]kfnL sf+u|]; / g]skf -Pdfn]_ nfO{ lgjf{rg kl/0ffdn] /fd|f];“u x}l;otaf]w u/fO{lbPsf] 5 . g]kfnL sf+u|]; / Pdfn]sf zLif{ g]tfx¿sf] zd{gfs k/fhon] t emg\ ljut !@ jif{sf] s"zf;gsf ck/fwLnfO{ hgcbfntn] s7f]/ ;hfo lbPsf] cg'e"lt u/fPsf] 5 . clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u, ljz]if cbfnt / ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] ;d]t qmlds ¿kdf rf]VofOlbPsf e|i6 g]tfx¿nfO{ g]kfnL hgtfsf] cbfntn] Ps}k6s s7f]/ ¿kdf bl08t u/]sf] 5 . To; cy{df ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg kl/0ffd g]kfnsf Goflos lgsfox¿sf nflu klg kyk|bz{s ag]sf] 5 .
g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] k|fKt u/]sf] hg;dy{gn] oyfy{df k|ltudg / oyfl:yltjfbnfO{ c:jLsf/ u/]sf] ;Gb]z lbof] . kl/jt{gsf] kIfdf g]kfnL hgtfn] JoQm u/]sf] rfxgfnfO{ a'‰g g;Sg]x¿sf] xfd|f] ;dfhdf sdL 5}g . pgLx¿n] dfcf]jfbLsf] ljhonfO{ :jfefljs hgdtsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . hgtfnfO{ wDSofP/ cfkm\gf] kIfdf dtbfg ug{ afWo u/fPsf]
cf/f]k dfcf]jfbLnfO{ nufP/ oyfl:yltjfbL e|i6frf/ lz/f]dl0fx¿n] cfTd;Gtf]if ul//x]sf 5g\ .
dfcf]jfbLsf] kIfdf b]lvPsf] hgdtn] g]kfnL sf+u|]; / g]skf -Pdfn]_ nfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tjdf a:g cfb]z u/]sf] 5 . b]zLljb]zL ;a} kIfaf6 ;xeflutf hgfOPsf] / kl/0ffdnfO{ ;a}kIfaf6 :jfut ul/Psf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf nflu g]t[Tj ug{ clwsf/ lbPsf] 5 . ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmb]lv lj:tf/jfbL zlQmsf] cf/f]k v]Kb} cfPsf cd]l/sf / ef/t dfq geP/ ;fdGtjfbsf] k|tLssf] ljz]if0fn] …lje'liftÚ /fhf ;d]tsf] ;xeflutf of] ;+ljwfg;ef r'gfjdf eof] . cGt/f{li6«o ko{j]Ifs 6f]nLx¿sf] k|ToIf lgu/fgL / /fhfsf tkm{af6 r'gfjdf dt v;fNg ul/Psf] cfJxfg;d]tn] r'gfjdf ;a}sf] ;xeflutfnfO{ k'li6 ub{5 . l56km'6 ¿kdf afx]s r'gfj zflGtk"0f{ ¿kdf ;DkGg eof] eGg] cGt/f{li6«o ko{j]If0f 6f]nLx¿sf] k|ltlqmof / b]zelQm efjgfsf ;fy hgtfn] dt JoQm u/]sf]df /fhfaf6 k|;Ggtf JoQm ul/Paf6 ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjsf] kl/0ffdk|lt ;a} kIfsf] ;dy{g /x]sf] klg :ki6 x'G5 . o:tf] ;a}kIfaf6 :jfutof]Uo ;+ljwfg;ef r'gfjsf] kl/0ffd ;zQm¿kdf dfcf]jfbLsf] kIfdf b]lvPsf] x'“bf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf lglDt cu'jfO{ ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt 5, o;df s;}sf] cj/f]w x'g' x'“b}g . r'gfjsf] kl/0ffd cfpg yfn] nuQ} dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf sd/]8 k|r08af6 cToGt lhDd]jf/Laf]wsf ;fy k|ltlqmof ;fj{hlgs eof] . r'gfjL kl/0ffdn] lbPsf] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug{ dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tj tof/ 5 / gof“ g]kfn lgdf{0fsf lglDt / ca ul/g] cfly{s qmflGtsf] ;kmntfsf lglDt ;a}nfO{ ;d]6]/ cufl8 a9\g] p;sf] b[9 OR5fzlQm klg 5 eGg] s'/f k|r08sf egfO{af6 :ki6 a'‰g ;lsG5 .
;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjeGbf cufl8sf] dfcf]jfbLsf] l:ylt / To;kl5sf] l:yltdf w]/} leGgtf cfO;s]sf] 5 . c?sf] g]t[Tjdf al;/x]sf] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;a}sf] g]t[Tj ug{ hgtfn] cfb]z u/]kl5 hgtfsf] cfb]znfO{ lz/f]k/ ub}{ hgefjgfnfO{ a'em]/ cufl8 a9\g' dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjsf] bfloTj aGg uPsf] 5 . ;a}sf] g]t[Tj dfcf]jfbLn] u/]kl5 lglZrt¿kdf To;kl5sf sfdx¿ dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjsf lglDt lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ x'g]5g\ .
vf;u/L ef/tnfO{ lj:tf/jfbL / cd]l/sfnfO{ ;fd|fHojfbL elg/xg' kg]{ g]kfnsf] cj:yfk|lt dfcf]jfbL uDeL/ aGg' kg]{5 . ef/tnfO{ lj:tf/jfbL lsg elgof] < cd]l/sfnfO{ ;fd|fHojfbL lsg elgof] < oL k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ ca dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjn] vf]Hg' kg]{5 / cd]l/sf / ef/tsf zf;sx¿ ;dIf …lj:tf/jfbLÚ / …;fd|fHojfbLÚ sf] ;"rLaf6 pgLx¿nfO{ x6fpg ;lsg] k|:tfj ;lxtsf zt{x¿ k7fpg ;Sg' kg]{5 . g]kfnsf /fhfx¿ / c? /fhgLlts bnx¿n] o;cl3 vf]hL ug{ g;s]sf] g]kfnsf] :jfledfg dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjn] vf]h]/ b]vfOlbg' k5{ . pgLx¿dfly nufOPsf cf/f]kx¿nfO{ lglZrt zt{ /fv]/ tL cf/f]kx¿af6 d'Qm ug'{ dfcf]jfbLsf] casf] k|d'v lhDd]jf/L x'g]5 . cd]l/sf / ef/tn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ …cft+ssf/LÚsf] cf/f]kaf6 d'Qm ug{ h'g zt{ / Jojxf/sf] dfcf]jfbLaf6 ck]Iff u/] To:t} zt{ / Jojxf/ dfcf]jfbLn] cd]l/sf / ef/t;“u cfjZos 7fGg'kb{5 . g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s ;d:ofsf ;Gbe{df cx:tIf]ksf/L Jojxf/ ef/t / cd]l/sfaf6 ck]Iff ul/g'kb{5 . To:t} zt{ / kl/0ffd pgLx¿af6 k|fKt ePkl5 ef/t / cd]l/sfnfO{ klg lj:tf/jfbL / ;fd|fHojfbLsf] ;"rLaf6 d'Qm ul/lbPdf cjZo km/s kg]{ 5}g . gq ;a} x:tIf]ksf/L Jojxf/x¿ oyfjt /xg] x'g\ eg] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ klg g]kfnL hgtfn] /fhf, sf+u|]; / Pdfn] agfO{ lbg] 5g\ . cfu] dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfhLx¿nfO{ r]tgf eof ††
ca 3]g]{5g\ ;d:ofx¿n]
;+3Lo:j?k /fi6« ljv08gsf] sf/s aGg]5
ah| s]=;L=
g]kfnsf] jt{dfg /fhgLlts cj:yfnfO{ ljZn]if0f u/]/ lgZsif{ lgsfNg] cf}sftdf k'Ug g;lsP klg b]z / hgtfn] efjL lbgx¿df ef]Ug'kg]{ cK7\of/fx¿ eg] cfh}af6 ;"rLa4 u/]/ b]vfpg ;lsG5 . dgf]lj1fgdf dxfljBfjfl/lw u/]sf :jb]zL / ljb]zL …ko{j]IfsÚx¿, ;dfhdf cfkm\g} :t/sf] dfg–dof{bf x}sd sfod ul//x]sf …sfnL v]nfpg] dxfg\ tflGqsx¿, Hof]ltifljBfdf kf]Vt dflgPsfx¿ / x:t/]vfljb\ elgg]x¿sf] /fhgLlts ljZn]if0f, d"NofÍg / eljiojf0fLn] ;d]t o;kfnLsf] ;+lawfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf xfjf vfof] . o;af6 g]kfnL hgtfsf] dfgl;s efjgf ljZjd} pb]snfUbf] /x]sf] b]lvof] . t/, ltg} /x:odo hgtfn] cfkm\g} cufl8 7l8Psf] ;d:ofx¿sf] kxf8nfO{ eg] cfh;Dd 7Dofpg ;s]sf] b]lvPg .
xfdL ;a}sf cufl8 7l8Psf] ;d:ofx¿sf] kxf8sf] hu /fhgLlt xf] . /fhgLltdfly vlK6Psf ;d:ofx¿dflysf] r'nL xf]–/fi6«, /fli6«otf, /fli6«o Pstf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tf . ha /fhgLlts hu 8udufp“5 jf To;df ljrng cfp“5, ;a}eGbf g/fd|/L rsgfr'/ x'g] t r'nL g} xf] . aLrsf c? ;d:ofx¿nfO{ cljrlnt /fhgLltn] r'6\sLsf] e/df tx nufpg ;S5 . l;+uf] g]kfn /fi6« lgdf{0fsf] hu alnof] lyof] / 5 . t/, cfh /fi6«sf] /fhgLlts hu g} alnof] 5}g . /fhgLlts hunfO{ O{+6fdfGbf uf]j/sf] u'O{+7f] hlQsf] dha't klg 5}g, 9'ª\uf]dfGbf jfn'jfsf] l9:sf] ;/x nfU5 . hgtfn] /fhgLlts hunfO{ s8f / alnof] agfpg] x]t'n] ev{/} ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdf dg vf]n]/ dtbfg hf] u/] To;n] ;a}nfO{ ;dfg¿kdf cfZj:t kfg]{ 5f“6 b]lvb}g . hun] df6f] cyf{t\ /fi6«;+u /fd|/L 3'nldn x'g gkfp“b} nuftf/ ;d:ofsf vftx¿ txa4 x'g yfln;s] . b'Mvsf] s'/f, ;Qf ;+rfngsf] :jfb rflv;s]sf / rfVg k+lQmdf plePsfx¿sf] b[li6df ;d:ofx¿ k/]sf 5}gg\ . o:tf]nfU5 ls /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] lglDt hgtf eg]sf xfjfbf/L efif0fsf ef]sf x'g\, ltgsf] clwsf/ eg]sf] g]tfn] eg]sf] r'gfj lrGxdf :jl:ts 5fk nufpg' xf] . x'g t o;kN6sf] ;+lawfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf NofKr]n] klg bnLo cf}sft cg';f/ dfGotf kfof] eGg] Psy/Lsf] a'emfO{ 5 .
;+lawfg;efsf] lgjf{rg eg]sf] ;Qf ;DxfNg] ;/sf/ :yfkgf ug]{ r'gfj xf]O{g eg]/ s'g} klg bnn] hgtfnfO{ a'emfPgg\ . cGo ;+;bLo lgjf{rg;/L k|rf/sf] /0fgLlt ckgfP/ x'g]–gx'g], k"/f ug{ ;lsg]–g;lsg] cflb cfZjf;gsf kf]sf af“8] . hgtfnfO{ em"7f] cfZjf;g glbO s;n] k|ToIf jf ;dfg'kflts dt kfPsf] 5}g < k~r]Zj/ kl/of]hgfsf] yf]/} sfuhL sfd af“sL /x]sf] axfgfdf ef/tn] ;LdfldRg vf]Hb}5 . uf]Ko dtbfgnfO{ /fhwfgLdf a;]/ b"/ljg nufP/ b]V5f} eg]/ ;f]emf hgtfnfO{ 8/wfs b]vfO dttfGg]x¿n] ef/tn] v'n]cfd¿kdf ;Ldf ldr]sf] s;/L b]Vg
;Qm}gg\ < /fhgLltdflysf o:t} vf]6x¿n] eofgs ;d:ofx¿nfO{ hgtfsf] gh/df 5f]lklbPsf 5g\ . s]xL ;fgf k|Zgx¿nfO{ pbfx/0fsf] ¿kdf x]/f}+–s'g}Ps lgjf{rg If]qsf] ljlht JolQmn] cfkm\gf dtbftfsf] Pslbgsf] dfq} ;d:of xnug{ ;S5 < gof“ g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] rfvnfUbf] gf/f lbP/ efjL g]kfnsf] :j¿k v// hgtfsf] ;fd'df AofVof ug]{ ;a} ljhoL pDd]bjf/x¿nfO{ g]kfnsf] s"n If]qkmn yfxf 5 < jf, ltgn] gof“ g]kfn lgdf{0f ug{ lx8]sf xfdLnfO{ k'/fgf] g]kfnsf] If]qkmn;+u s] sf] dtnj eg]/ pN6} k|Zg ug]{x'g\ < ;d:ofleqsf o:tf ;d:ofx¿ /fhgLlts bnx¿n] hGdfPkl5 hgtfsf] r"nf] hnfpg] ;d:of yf“tL /xg] kSsf eOuof] .
;Qfdf h'g;'s} bn k'u] klg hgtfn] kl/jt{gsf] dx;'; ug{kfpg] 5f“6 b]lvb}g . pN6} /fhgLlts cl:y/tf,u~hfuf]n, ljv08gjfbL ;f]r, wfld{s ljifdtf / hftLo–If]qLo tfgftfgn] zAbo'4, zf/Ll/so'4 x'“b} d'n'snfO{ lx+;fTds le8Gtdf gk'¥ofpnf eGg ;lsGg . o'uf]:nfleof / Olyof]lkofsf 36gfx¿n] oxL kf7 k9fp“5g\ . kl5Nnf] r/0fdf zlQm /fi6«x¿n] …tfgfzfxsf] lj?4 nf]stGqsf] aLpm /f]kf}+Ú eg]/ O/fsdf ;2fd x';]gnfO{ ;Qfaf6 kmfn]kl5sf] l:yltn] cfh s'g¿k wf/0f ul//x]sf] 5 eg]/ xfdLn] a'em\g'kg]{ x'G5 . Pp6} wd{aLrsf lzof / z'GgLdf h'g 3df;fg le8Gt eO/x]sf] 5 To;sf] k|d'v sf/0f eg]sf] s'7fp“df /f]k]sf] slyt nf]stGqsf] aLpm g} xf] . l:j6\h/Nof08sf] pbfx/0f lbP/ h;/L g]kfndf ;+3Lotfsf] aLpm /f]lkof] / pd|g] lj?jfsf] uf]8d]n ug{ Psy/Lx¿ cf}hf/ / dn–kfgL lnP/ t}gfy 5g\ . k5fl8 lj?jf x's]{/ h'g kmn lbg]5, ltgsf j+zn] aLifsf] kmn xf] eGg] hfGbfHffGb} klg afWoeP/ vfg'kg]{5 . jt{dfg /fhgLltdfly bnx¿n] /fv]sf] of] ;d:ofsf] ef/L olt af]lemnf] x'g;Sg] /x]5 eGg] oyfy{ >L n+sfsf] hftLo åGån] b]vfO/x]sf] 5 . lgs6 eljiod}+ t/fO{df >L n+sfsf] h:tf] hftLo ;d:of plAhof] eg] To;nfO{ ;DxfNg ev{/} ;DkGg ePh:tf c? s]xL ;+lawfg;efsf] lgjf{rg klg ;Ifd x'gg;Sg] kSsf 5 .
l5d]sL ef/tsf] cltqmd0f / x/]s If]qx¿dflysf] p;sf] gfª\uf] x:tIf]kn] s'6gLlts ;Ldf gf3]sf] w]/} e};Sof] . o;}nfO{ /fhgLltsf] d"ngf/f agfP/ jfdkGyL bnx¿ cfhsf] cj:yfdf cfOk'u]sf x'g\ . pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] /fli6«otfsf] d'2fnfO{ ;Qfsf] ;Dd'v kg]{ ljlQs} TofUg] u/]sf] jt{dfg 36gfqmdx¿n] b]vfO/x]sf 5g\ . ;d:ofn] o:tf] ¿k lnof] ls b]zsf] hu dflgPsf] /fhgLlts If]q g} cltqmd0fsf/L ljb]zLsf] O;f/fdf gfRg] gt{s÷gt{sL eOlbof] . h;n] ubf{ htftt} ;d:o};d:ofx¿ k}bf eP . logsf] xnug]{ gfddf csf]{ /fli6«o ;d:of hGdfpg] bnx¿sf] sf/0f g]kfnsf] hgdtsf] cy{ / /Tgkfs{lt/ e]l6g] Hof]ltifLx¿sf] eljiojf0fL p:t} x'gk'u] .
;Qf k|flKtsf] /fhgLltsf] sf/0f l;+uf] d'n'ssf hgtfn] ef]Ug'k/]sf jf:tljs kL8fbfoL ;d:ofx¿n] phfu/ x'g] af6f] kfPsf 5}gg\ . x'g t hgtf g} bnx¿sf] lglDt …l/df]6 sG6«f]no'Qm v]nf}gfÚ h:tf cyf{t\ …Sof/]daf]8{sf uf]6LÚ h:tf eOlbPsf 5g\ . ;/sf/åf/f l;lh{t cK7of/fx¿nfO{ pgLx¿ cfkm\gf ;d:of cfkm}+n] lgDTofPsf] dfGg] cf}sftsf ePsf] sf/0f :jo+ hgtf / ltgsf] lrGtgg} ;d:ofx¿sf] h8 ePsf] oyfy{nfO{ klg gsfg{ ldNb}g .
cGt/fli6«o hutsf …lj1Úx¿n] ;+lawfd;efsf] lgjf{rgnfO{ ljZjsf pbfx/0fx¿ lbb}+ …:jR5 / eo/lxt jfj/0fdf ;DkGgÚ elglbPkl5 k/flht jfx]snfO{ lgjf{rg :jLsfo{ eof] . t/, lgjf{gtfsf cl3;f/]sf ljifox¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ubf{ s:tf] ;fdflhs hl6ntf pTkGg x'G5eGg] s'/fsf] k"jf{g'dfg g ljh]tfn] u/]sf5g\ g t dtbftfx¿n] g} . hgtf ;+w} cfzdf a:g afgL kl/;s]sfn] ubf{ pgLx¿n] cfzfafx]s s]xLsf] klg ck]Iff /fv]sf 5}gg\ . t;y{, xfdLn] /fli6«o cv08tfdflysf] ;+efljt cfqmd0fsf] k|lt/f]w ug{ ;d:ofx¿aLraf6} p7\g] tof/L ug'{k¥of] . olb olt klg ug{ cl3g;g]{ xf] eg] g]kfnL kfvfkv]/fnfO{ Tofu]/ /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿em}+ …s]xL kfpg] cfzdfÚ ef/tLox¿sf] wf]tLsf] km]/ ;dft]/ lx“8] eof] . Tof] eGbf a9\tf af“sL s] /x\of] / < gof“ ;+lawfg agfpGh]nsf] sfd rnfp ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tjstf{ bnsf] g]t[Tjn] ;j}eGbf ;'?df s;sf] cfl;jf{b lnG5, ;Tos'/f ToxL+af6 5n{ª\u x'b} hfg]5 .
ca ef/tn] rfNg;Sg] sbdx¿
l;h{gf s]=;L=
@)$^ ;fnsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5 xfn;Dd hlt ;/sf/x¿ ag], ;a};“u ef/tn] p;s} /fHo;“u ug]{ Jojxf/h:tf] ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . a? ef/tsf s]xL /fHox¿ s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/sf] 7f8f] cfb]znfO{ x:tIf]k dfG5g\ / cfb]znfO{ j]jf:tf ul/lbG5g\ . s]/nf, cfGw|k|b]z, k~hfj / klZrd a+ufn /fHo;/sf/sf] c8fgx]bf{ g]kfnsf /fhg]tf elgg]x¿b]lv 3[0ff nfU5 . w]/} g]kfnLnfO{ yfxf gx'g ;S5, ljxf/sf] s'g}klg k|x/L ;jf/L ;fwg cg'dltj]u/ csf]{ /fHodf k:g kfp“b}g . t/, lgjf{w¿kdf g]kfn k:5 . ef/tsf x/]s /fHox¿aLr lglZrt If]qdf ;Demf}tf ePsf x'G5g\ . sfg'gsf] kfngf ul/Psf] x'G5 . Ps/fHosf] gful/sn] csf]{ /fHodf uP/ v'n]cfd sfdug{ kfp“b}g . t/, pgLx¿ hxf“ dgnfu] klg g]kfndf eg] v'nf¿kdf sfd ug{ kfp“5g\ . ;lhn} gful/stf kfp“5g\ . :yfoL ¿kd} a;f]af; ug{ ;S5g\ . /, gful/stf gx'g]x¿n] klg /fd|/L Joj;fo ug{ kfp“5g\ . ef/tLo gful/sn] jf:tljs g]kfnL gful/sn] h:tf] uflj;, gu/kflnsf / s/ sfof{nox¿df uO{ s/ltg'{ kb}{g . @)$^ ;fnkl5 ef/tLox¿nfO{ g]kfnsf b]zeQm bnx¿n] lbPsf] ;x'lnot x'g lo . oxL ;dofjlwdf c?0f, ;]tL, a'9L u08sL, dflyNnf] s0ff{nL, d]rL, dxfsfnL gbLdflysf] :jfldTj sf+u|];–Pdfn]sf] bjfjdf k/]/ log} bnx¿n] ef/tnfO{ ;'lDklbP . c?0f, ;]tL, a'9L u08sL / dflyNnf] s0ff{nL ;'Dkbf g]skf dfc]fjfbL klg ;Qfd} lyof] . Pdfn]–sf+u|];n] p;dfly ckh;sf] ef/L af]sfO{ lbP . ;a}eGbf 8/nfUbf] /fi6«3ftL sfd #) nfv ef/tLonfO{ gful/stf ljt/0f ug]{ ;jfndf eof] . o;sf] k|d'v ¿kdf lhDd]jf/ zlQmx¿ Pdfn] / sf+u|]; ePklg ljgfl;lQ cf/f]k dfcf]jfbLn] klg em]Ng'kg]{ eof] . h+unaf6 ev{/ cfPsf]zlQm x'gfn] p;n] To;sf] bL3{sflng c;/ knf{eGg] ljZn]if0f ug{ kfPsf] lyPg .
lo pNn]lvt k|;+ux¿n] /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] lrgf/L t lbP t/, ef/tn] c? s] s] rflx/x]sf] 5 g]kfnaf6 eGg] ljiforf“xL ls Pdfn]–sf+u|];nfO{ yfxf 5 ls ef/tnfO{ . lsgeg] pgLx¿ ;Qfdf ePsf]avt ljutdf w]/} /fi6«3ftL sfdx¿ ePsf 5g\ . lsgeg] /fli6«otf ;DaGwLsf b[9 c8fgsf sf/0f ef/tn] /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] j+zgf;u/]sf] oyfy{ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ yfxf 5 . k|r08n] /fli6«otfsf] ljifodf ;fj{hlgs :yndf p7fpgf;fy JolQmut ;'/Iffsf] ;jfn lemSg'sf] sf/0f ef/tLo vt/sf] sf/0f x'g;S5 . s'6gLlts ;DaGwnfO{ dof{lbt¿kdf kfngf ug'{kg]{ x'gfn] pxf“n] ef/tsf] gfd glng'ePsf] x'g;S5 . ;Dk"0f{ b]zeQmx¿n] oxL cg'dfg u/]sf 5g\ . olt hfGbfhfGb} klg dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjn] hgtf ;fd" s'g}csf]{ sf]0faf6 c;'/Iffsf] sf/0f v'nfpg' kYof]{ . hgtfn] ;fy lbg]lyP . of] clt ;Dj]bgzLn kIf xf] . ;Qfsf] afu8f]/ ;DxfNg] l:yltdf hgtfn] k'¥ofP klg ;Qfdf plSng' cufj} ef/t e|d0fdf hfg] k|r08sf] of]hgfleqsf /x:ox¿ ;j{;fwf/0f g]kfnL hgtfn] a'‰gkfPdf yk ;dy{g ldNg]lyof] . dfc]fjfbL ;Qfdf 5“b} sf+u|]; Pdfn]sf] ljz]if ;xof]udf clxn];Dd ef/tn] rf/ gbLdf clwsf/ lnof], gful/stf ljw]os kfl/t u/fof], t/fO{nfO{ 6'qm\ofpg] af6f] v'nfof] / rLglj?4 ultljlw ug{ ;lhnf] x'g]u/L ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf g]kfnnfO{ k'¥ofP/} 5f8\g] eof] . oL oyfy{nfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] uDeL/eP/ ;f]Rg h?/L 5 . gful/stf ljw]os kfl/tu/fpg] / b]znfO{ ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf 9fNg] dfcf]jfbL of]hgfn] /fli6«o cv08tf b'O{–tLg bzs;Dd wflgPnfsL eGg] cg'dfg ug'{ l;jfo s]xLeGg ;ls+b}g . o;df rf“xL PskN6 cToGt uDeL/9+un] /fli6«o ax; rnfpg' dfcf]jfbLsf] lxtdf x'g]5 .
ef/tn] hftLo k|e'Tjaf6} g]kfndfly clwsf/ lng;Sg] of]hgf agfPsf] b]lvG5 . g]kfnL /fli6«otfsf lrGxx¿ d]6\g' p;sf] klxn]f sfd x'g]5 . ef/tn] gof“ g]kfnsf] kl/sNkgfsf/ dfcf]jfbLåf/f /fli6«o kf]zfs kl/jt{g / kl/Tofu u/fpg ;S5 . /fli6«o hgfj/ ufO{sf] 7fp“df u}+8f, nfnLu'/f“zsf] 7fp“df sdn cl3;fg{ gnufpnf eGg;lsGg . ;'/Iff lgsfodf ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] d'2f dlw;]If]qLo ;d"xåf/f p7fpg nufPsf] lyof] . o; ljifodf jt{dfg ;/sf/n] ;Demf}tf klg u¥of] . ca aGg] ;+ljwfgd} Tof] n]vfpg ef/t nfUg]5 . ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnLnfO{ ;+ljwfgdf pNn]vug{ ef/t ;Ifdeof] eg] ;+;bdf ef/tLo d"nsf dlw;]sf] ks8 x'g]5 . @)^* ;fndf x'g] /fli6«o hgu0fgfdf kSs} klg g]kfnLhflt cNkdtdf kg]{5 . Tof] s;/L eg] #) nfv ef/tLon] gful/stf kfO{;s]sf 5g\ . gful/stf kfPsf]JolQmsf] k|df0fsf cfwf/df Pp6f kl/jf/ -clxn] % hgfdfq} dfgf}+_ n] :jtM gful/stf kfp“5 . Ps} jif{leq yk 8]9 s/f]8n] gful/stf kfpg]af6f] jt{dfg ;/sf/df ;xefuL ;ftbnn] vf]lnlbPsf 5g\ . lkmhLdf kz'kfng ug{ uPsf ef/tLo s;/L b'O{ bzsd} ax'dtdf k'u] eGg]a'‰g h?/L 5 . ev{/}sf] dn]l;ofsf] 36gfaf/] a'‰bf klg x'G5 . sfdsf] vf]hLdf dn]l;of l5/]sf ef/tLon] pt} 3/hd u/] . ;a} ldn]/ /fhgLlts bn vf]n] . k|rf/sf] nflu kqklqsf lgsfn] . wGg gof“ u[xdGqLnfO{ r]t v'n]5– pgn] ef/tLosf] kIflng] klqsfnfO{ aGb ul/lbP . g]kfnsf] cj:yf uxg df]8lt/ uPsf] 5 . ef}uf]lns lgs6tf / v'nf;Ldfsf] sf/0f g]kfndf klqsf dfq xf]Og, ;/sf/ g} ;~rfng ug]{ xb;Dd ef/tLo k'u]sf 5g\ . of] ;a} sfd nf]stGqsf] gfddf bnx¿n] u/]sf] /fi6«3ftL pkb|f]sf] sf/0f ;Dej ePsf] xf] . cem} klg bnx¿ cfGbf]ngsf] s'/f lems]/ uj{ u5{g\ . pgLx¿sf] lglDt /fli6«otf eg]sf] ;Qfk|flKtkl5sf] gu0o ljifodfq} /x]sf] h:tf] b]lvG5 . dfcf]jfbLn] /fi6«, /fli6«otf, /fli6«o Pstf, cv08tf / ;fj{ef}d;QFk|lt ;r]ttf ckgfPsf] v08df g]kfn ljZjd} pbfx/0fLo /fi6« aGg]5 . g]kfnL /fli6«otf ljZje/Lsf b]zeQm hgtfsf] lglDt ulj{nf] ljifo x'g ;Sg]5 . o;df dfcf]jfbLn] cToGt rgfvf]eP/ /fi6«sf] uxg lhDd]jf/Lsf] dxz';u/L sbdrfNg' plrt x'g]5 .
kfls:tfgsf] cf0fljs ;'/IffgLlt
– df]xdb d'gL/
gf]e]Da/ !&, @))& df Go"of]s{ 6fOD;n] Ps cfZro{hgs va/ k|sflzt u¥of] . /fi6«klt a';n] kfls:tfgL c0f'c:q ;d[l4sf] nflu ljut ^ jif{b]lv u'Ktah]6 lbO/x]sf 5g\ . ToxL uf]Ko a';of]hgf d'tfljs ;'/Iff pks/0fx¿ lbg]sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . ;dfrf/ k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v lyof] sL a';k|zf;gn] em08} ;o ldlnog -!) s/f]8_ cd]l/sL 8n/ pRr d"NofÍgsf;fy kfls:tfgL c0f'c:qsf] ;'/Iffy{ /fi6«klt d';/{kmnfO{ ;xof]u ul/;s]sf] 5 . u'Ktof]hgfsf] k|f¿k pmhf{ ljefu, /fHo ljefu / ;f]leot;+3sflng u0f/fHox¿n] y'kf/]sf cf0ljs xltof/sf sRrfkbfy{ ;DaGwL cWotfx¿n] agfPsf lyP . kfls:tfgdf Hofbfvr{ aflx/L ;'/Iff, c0f'c:qx¿sf] /]vb]v / lg/LIf0fdf eof] . ljb]z ljefusf k|jQmf d'xDdb ;bLsn] Go"of]s{ 6fOD;df k|sflzt ;dfrf/nfO{ l6Kk0fL ub}{ eg], …of] va/n] kfls:tfgsf] 5jLnfO{ ljuf/]sf] 5 . c;To s'/fsf] Hofb} a9fO{r9fO{ ul/Psf] 5 .Ú ;bLsn] cf0fljs;'/Iff k|To]ssf] nflu rfvlnP/ dgg\ug]{ ljifo xf] / ;a}eGbf a9L cf0fljsc:q /flvPsf] :yfgsf] ;'/Iff x'g'k5{ eg] . pRr ljsl;t cj:yf, c:qsf] gfkmf / k|fljlwspGglt c? /fi6«x¿df k|of]uu/]/ lng;lsg] k|jQmfn] eg] . o;}cg';f/, kfls:tfg / cd]l/sf d~h'/Lof]Uo gLlt cg';f/ ;'/Iff zlQm alnof] kfg]{ / lg/LIf0fug]{ sfddf clNemPsf 5g\ . k|jQmfsf cg';f/ cf0fljs j:t', To;sf] cfwf/e"t¿k / aGb/ufxb]lv aflx/L gfsf;Ddsf] t:s/L;DaGwL s'g}klg ljifo ;dfrf/ aGg;Qm}g,sfNklgs syfdfq} x'g;S5 . ldqtfsf] nflu kfls:tfgsf] /ftf] 3]/f ;w}+ ;kmf x'g]5, h;n] lgoGq0f / ;'/Iffsf] k"0f{¿kdf ;'/lIft¿kdf cWoog–cg'udg ug]{5 . Go"of]s{ 6fOD;df pNn]lvt s'/fsf ;DaGwdf w]/} cufl8 k|];;“u s'/ful/Psf] 5 . Go"of]s{ 6fOD;n] ;dfrf/sf] cefjdf k'/fgf] s'/fnfO{ aª\UofPsf] eGg] ;f]em} 7x/ug{ ;lsG5 .
kfls:tfg 7"nf] If]qLobfloTj af]s]sf] Ps cf0fljs /fi6« xf] . o;n] ;w} dxfg ;'/IffdxŒjnfO{ /0fgLlts¿kdf ;fy}/fV5 . cf0fljs ;'/Iffsf] sf]0faf6 x]bf{, c0f' sfo{sf] lg/Gt/tf /fli6«o clwsf/leq /x]/ /fi6«k|d'v cyf{t\ ;/sf/sf] dftxtdf /x]/ hf/L/fv]df hgtfnfO{ ;'/Iffsf] cg'e"lt u/fpg, cf0fljs ;'ljwfx¿ pknAw u/fpg, ljls/0fsf] vt/flj?4 ;'/Iff k|bfgug{ ;lsG5 . kfls:tfgsf] cf0fljs lg/Gt/tf k|flws/0f clxn] ;/sf/sf] dftxtdf 5 . ef}lts ;'/Iffsf] nflu, ;'/Iff ljefusf pTs[i6 tflndk|fKt cf7 xhf/eGbf a9L sdf08f]zlQm c0f' s]Gb|x¿nfO{ ;'/Iffsf] ax'3]/f agfP/ t}gfy 5 . cf0fljs s]Gb| / ;fdu|Lx¿nfO{ :jb]zL / ljb]zL wDsLaf6 ;'/lIft kfg'{ kfls:tfgsf] k|d'v bfloTj klg xf] . cGTodf k|fljlws lgoGq0fsf] If]qaf6 x]g]{ xf] eg] kfls:tfg;“u lgof{t lgoGq0f sfg"g s8f 5 .
cGo d'n'sx¿af6 kfls:tfgn] pTs[i6 cEof;l;Sg] sf]lzif u¥of] . cf0fljs ;'/Iffsf] nflu lgof{tlgoGq0f tl/sfx¿ klg a'‰g] sf]lzif u¥of] . s]xL dlxgfcl3sf] s'/f xf], cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo;“u ;DalGwt tTsfn p7\g] / pl7/x]sf wDsLsflj?4 n8\g] ;dembf/Ldf kfls:tfgn] b:tvt u¥of] . kfls:tfg;“u /fd|/L ljsl;t /fHosf lgsfox¿ cf0fljs lgof{t lgoGq0fsf] nflu lqmofzLn 5g\ . kfls:tfgsf] lgof{tlgoGq0f sfo{ k|0ffnL sfg"gL / k|zf;lgs ¿kn] pRr5 . lgof{tlgoGq0f sfg"g !(%) nfO{ ;/sf/n] ;do / cfjZostf cg';f/ kl/dfh{g ub}{ nlu/x]sf] 5 . lgof{tgLlt cfb]z–@))^ nfu"ePkl5 w]/} cf0fljs d'n'sx¿sf] pRr ;'/Iff gLlt;/x kfls:tfgsf] cf0fljs c:q ;'/Iff k|0ffnL lqmofzLn 5 .
;d[4 g]kfnsf] hu g} o'jf zlQm
– /fhLj kf}8\ofn
o'jf /fhgLlt1, lrGts / ;dfh;]jL
d]/f] kfl/jfl/s k[i7e"ld ;Dem“bf s:tf]–s:tf] nfU5 . d]/f] hGd @)@@ ;fn k';df nlntk'/sf] s'k08f]ndf ePsf] xf] . a'af, xh'/a'af,lhh'a'afx¿n] /fi6«dfly k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfg ;Dem“bf uf}/j nfU5 . clg cfkm"n] s'g} If]qdf pNn]Vo k|ultug{ g;Sbf vNnf] nfU5 . t} klg b]z / ;dfhsf] nflu s]xLub}{5' eGg] obfsbf nfU5 .
a'af kqsf/, n]vs x'g'x'GYof] . uf]/vfkqsf] ;Dkfbs x'x'GYof] / g]kfn k'sf/sf] klg . 3/df ls;'ghL nufotsf jl/i7 JolQmx¿ klg af/Daf/ cfO/xg'x'Gof] ljleGg ¿kdf . k"/f sf]7fel/ lstfa}lstfa x'Gy] . a'af hlxn] klg k9L/xg], n]lv/xg] ug'{x'GYof] . cgL d rflx“ ;fgf] 5f]/f] ePsf] x'gfn] pxf“;“u} /xg] uy{+] . a'afn] /fhgLlts s'/fx¿, Oltxf;sf s'/fx¿ ;f]Wg'x'GYof], t“nfO{ of] s'/f cfp“5 ls cfp“b}g eg]/ . slt ;fndf sxf“ s] eof] eg]/, ;f]Wg'x'GYof] . x/]s s'/fx¿ …z]o/Ú ug'{x'GYof] . To:t} ;flxlTos s'/fx¿ x'Gy] . ljlksf] af/]df 5nkmn uYof}{+, pxf“sf] ;flxTosf] af/]df klg 5nkmn x'GYof] . To:t,} dxfef/t, dxfk'/f0f, uLtf, /fdfo0fsf syfsfaf/]df klg 5nkmn x'GYof] . a'afn] n]v]sf lstfax¿sf nflu d}n] l6kf]6 ul/lbg], 6fOkug{nfO+{ v];|f ul/lbg]] uy]{+ . cem clGtd cj:yfdf t emg\a9L d}n] ug'{kg]{ eof], a'af la/fdL x'g'x'GYof] . ToxL sf/0fn] pxf“ a9L yfSg'x'GYof] . To;kl5 t d}n] n]lvlbg] sfd klg u/]“ . clGtd cj:yfdf pxf“;“u d]/f] clna9L ;+ut eof] .
hLjgnfO{ x]g]{ a]Un}¿kdf pxf“sf] lrGtg cfWoflTdstflt/ klg lyof] . xfdL cfWoflTds lrGtgsf s'/fx¿sf af/]df klg 5nkmn uYof}{ . ef}ltsjfbsf af/]df klg 5nkmn uYof{} . o;/L hfg'k5{, hLjg, hut, d[To', k/dfTdfnfO{ a'em\g] uxlsnf s'/f l;SgkfPsf] If0f ;+embf ;f¥x} uf}/j cg'ej x'G5 . cfh dnfO{ nfU5 Tof] d]/f] lhGbuLsf] dxTjk"0f{ …km]hÚ lyof] . :j0fL{d cj;/ lyP tL lbgx¿, h;nfO{ cj d sbfkL kfpg ;lQmg / cg'ej ug{ klg .
a'af;+u a;]/ w]/} ljifosf lstfax¿sf] cWoog / lrGtgug]{ cj;/ kfP“ . snf;flxTob]lv lnP/ Oltxf;sf ;a} kIfx¿df 5nkmn ug]{ cj;/ kfP“ . h'g a]nf pxf“ …PS6LeÚ x'g'x'GYof], pxf“ / d nfu]/ y'k|} sfd u¥of} . pxf“ h'gsfdnfO{ klg !)) k|ltzt lbg'x'GYof] . uf]/vfkqdf sfd ubf{v]/L xf];\ of /]l8of] g]kfndf, a'afn] clkm;df a:bf;Dd t OdfGbf/L / ldlxg]tsf ;fy sfd ug'{x'GYof] g} clkm;af6 3/ kmls{;s]kl5 klg clkm;s} sfdsf] af/]df lrGtg ug'{x'GYof] . clkm;sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ ;f]lr/xg'x'GYof] . a'afsf] nugzLntfnfO{ b]v]/ d}n] clxn] kf7 l;s]sf] x'“ . s;/L ;donfO{ ldnfpg], s;/L nugzLn eP/ sfd ug'{k5{ h:tf ofjt s'/fx¿ d}n] a'afaf6} l;s]sf] x'“ . c? kfl/jfl/s s'/fdf d]/f] xh'/a'af;“u /fd|f] ;+ut x'gkfPg . xfdL a]nfa]nfdf cf]daxfn hfGYof}+ . d ;fgf] ePsf] sf/0fn] klg xf]nf d}n] xh'/a'afsf] ;+ut ;+emgf ePg . lhh'a'af lr/~hLlj kf}8\ofnåf/f lnlvt ;flxTo d}n] k9]+ . of] aLrsf] c;/ dnfO{ s] nfU5 eg] hLjgdf xfdL hGd]sf 5f}+ eg] /fi6« tyf ;dfhsf] nflu s]xL ug'{k5{ . s]lx u¥of} eg] /fi6«, ;dfh / eflj;GttLnfO{ ;d]t lzIff lbg ;lsof];\ eGg] nfUbYof] . Tolx eP/ d ;fdflhs ;]jfdf klg nfu]+ .
xfd|f] 6f]ndf k|]mG8\; Snj :yfkgf u¥of} . jfrgfno, lrlsT; ;]G6/ vf]Nof}+ . Tof] a]nfsf ;fyLx¿ hob]j e§/fO{, cdf]bb]j e§/fO{ ;fyLx¿sf] u|'k lyof] . bfOx¿n] Pp6f …k|]m; SnjÚ v]fNg' ePsf] lyof] . To;df xfdLn] j}rfl/s ax;, ;flxlTos Snjsf] ¿kdf /fv]/ cuf8L a9fof}+ . ;fdflhs sfdx¿ ub}{ hf“bf lj:tf/} kqsfl/tf klg u/]+ . k|]; OlG:6Ro"6df k9\bfv]/Lsf] cg'ej klg eof] . ltdLx¿sf] tLg k':tf eO;Sof] uf]/vfkqdf ;Dkfbsdf ePsf] eg]/ uf]s"n kf]v/]nx¿n] eGbf cfkm"nfO{ uj{ klg x'GYof] . st} d ltg} lhh'a'afx¿sf] ;Gtfg x'“ eGg] ls geGg] < 8/ klg nfUYof] . sltko 7fp“df tkfO{ /fd/fh kf}8]ns} 5f]/f xf] t < eg]/ k|Zg klg u/] . dnfO{ cK7\of/f] nfUYof] . lj:tf/} d ;dfh ;]jf, ;flxTo / /fhgLltdf nfUb} hf“bf ToxL ¿kdf k|:t't ug{of]Uo eP“ h:tf] nfU5 . t/ klg d w]/} s'/fx¿ l;Sb}5' . k'vf{x¿;+u d cfkm"nfO{ bf“Hg rfxGg . clxn] d Tof] :t/df k'u]sf] 5}g . uf]/vfkqdf hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+xsf] la8f]yfDg] lhh'a'af, pxf“sf] yfDg] xh'/a'af / pxf“ yfDg] a'af . d pxf“x¿;+usf] t'ngf of]Uo sxf“ 5' / <o:tf s'/fx¿ klg dgdf v]N5g\ .
/fhgLltsf] s'/f ;lDem+bf nfU5–g]kfnL sf+u|];leq cfGtl/s nf]stGqsf] sld, ;xL, ;To / ;dofg's"n ax;sf] sdLn] ubf{ cfh of] xfnt eof] . o;eGbf cufl8b]lv g} aflx/L zlQmåf/f c;n k|hftGqnfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg] v]n eO/x]sf] lyof] . ltg} zlQmx¿sf] xfjL ;a}If]qdf x'b}+uof] . kf6L{nfO{ …Dofg]hÚ ug{ g;Sbfv]/L / aflx/sf] zlQmsf] ;fdgf ug{ g;Sbf k|hftGqn] g} xf/]sf] cj:yf klg /x\of] . s'g} Pp6f cj:yfdf dnfO{ /fhgLlt gu?“ ls h:tf] klg nfu]sf] lyof] . t/, w|'jLo ¿kdf g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts l:ylt ljsl;t ePkl5 b]z e8\vfnf]df hfg] l:ylt cfPsf] b]v]/ /fhgLltdf xf“lgP . /fhjGbL klg eP“ . t/ d}n] ljrf/sf] n8fO{ n8]+, cfh;Dd nl8/x]sf] 5'
lj:tf/} kf6L{sf sfdx¿ lgofNbf ljkLn] lbg'ePsf lrGtgx¿ d]l6P/ t uPgg\ < st} xfdLx¿ kye|ddf t k/]sf xf]Ogf}+ < eGg] k|Zgx¿ dgdf hGdb} uP . xfdLn] cfkm}nfO{ x]g]{ k|of; u¥of{}+ . o;/L x]b}{hf“bf st} xfd|f gLltx¿s} sf/0f xfdL c;kmn t eO{/x]sf 5}gf}+ < o:tf lrGtg dGygug{ yfNof}+ . Tof] cj:yfaf6 kf6L{ u'h|L/x]sf] hf] cj:yf lyof], klxn] h'g cj:yfdf kf6L{ lyof], clxn] klg kf6L{ ToxL cj:yfdf 5 . Tof] k'/fgf] ¿k kl/jt{g ug'{k5{ . kf6L{df Aoj:yfgsf] k|lqmof km]l/g'k5{ . …6k–6'–j6d r]GhÚ ug'{eGbf …j6d–6'–6k r]GhÚ ug'{k5{ . xfdLn] af/Daf/ kf6L{df o:tf] ax; klg rnfPsf lyof}+ . kl5xfdLn] tL s'/fx¿nfO{ cfTd;fy ug{ ;s]gf}+ . kl5Nnf] Oltxf;df hlxn] klg g]kfnL sf+u|];n] g]t[Tj u/]/ hf“bf v]/L o;n] s] u5{ eg]/ ;a}n] x]/L/x]sf lyP . kl5Nnf] k[i7e"lddf xfd|f] g]t[Tj x'“bfx'“b} klg xfdL c?sf] lg0f{osf] aGbL eof}+ . c?n] u/]sf] s'/fsf] …PS;gÚn] xfdLkl5 nfUg'kg]{ cj:yf cfof] . x'gt o'jfx¿, ;fyLx¿ / xfdLn] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] gf/f kf6L{df jf/Djf/ p7fof}+ . casf] kl/l:yltdf /fhf;“u ldn]/ hfg x'“b}g, of] kl/l:yltnfO{ xfdLn] …Dofg]hÚ ug'{k5{, s'g} klg xfntdf /fhf;“u ;Demf}tf x'g'x'b}g eg]/ ax; rnfof}+ . cflv/ …cN6Ld]6\nLÚ kf6L{nfO{ To;n] :jLsf/ klg u¥of] . t/ of] cj:yfdf hf“bfv]/L h;/L o'jfx¿nfO dxTj lbOPg . &) k|ltzt o'jfx¿n] dtbfgdf ;xeflutf hgfP t/ o'j pDd]bjf/ rf/ k|ltztdfq} e}lbP . xfd|f] …Dofg]hd]G6Údf ePsf] sdhf]/Lsf sf/0f o:tf] kl/0ffd t cfPsf] xf]Og < Tof] …;fO6Ú klg xfdLx¿n] x]g'{kg]{ x'G5 .
csf]{tkm{ dfcf]jfbLsf] ;kmntfnfO{ d}n] s;/L x]/]sf] 5' eg] of] ;kmntf kf6L{n] kfPsf]eGbf klg b]zn] kfPsf] ;kmntf xf] . b]z clxn] sDKo'6/sf] xf8{jo/sf] cj:yfdf 5 . xf8{jo/ /fd|f]eof] eg] ;º6jo/ t xfdLx¿n] cfkm} agfpg] xf] . ;d[4 g]kfn / zflGt If]q g]kfn agfpg o'jfzlQmsf] cfjZostf x'G5 . o'jfljgf ;d[4 g]kfnsf] sNkgf s'g} kf6L{n] gu/]x'G5 . To;}n] xfdL …ldlgdd k|f]u|fdÚdf Ps eP/ hfg;Sof}+ sd;]sd /fli6«o d'2fx¿df Ps eP/hfg ;S5f}+ . xfdLn] Pp6f …sNr/Ú klg …ljN8ckÚ u/]/ nu]sf 5f}+ . casf] kl/l:yltdf xfdLn] lg;+sf]r eP/ eGg ;Sg'k5{ ls xfdLn] ;}Gos/0fsf] cGToug{ ;Sg'k5{ . sf]:6fl/sfsf] ;}Gojfb lsg / s;/L vtd eof] < Toxf“sf k|wfgdGqLn] s;/L ljsf; ug'{eof] < cfly{s cj:yf s;/L dfly uof] < k|wfgdGqL …;f];n 8]df]qm\of6Ú g} x'g'x'G5 . pxf“n] gLltut¿kdf sf]:6fl/sfdfq} xf]Og Ujf6]dfnfb]lv lnP/ …Nofl6g sG6«Lx¿ÚnfO{ klg gof“ ;Gb]z lbg'eof] . /, Tof] k'glg{df{0fsf] ;Gb]z, Pp6f …lk; k|f];];Údf hfg] ;Gb]z, h;n]ubf{ pxf“x¿ hlxn] klg Tof] …l/hgÚ cfkm}cfkm}df n8]/ Tof] cj:yfaf6 s;/L d'lQmkfpg] eg]/ lbg'eof] . pxfnfO{ ToxLsf/0fn] gf]j]n k'/:sf/ lbOof] . dnfO{ s] nfU5 eg], klxn] eGbf /fhfsf] kfnfdf ;}Gos/0fnfO{ emg\ phfuf/ ul/of] . Psflt/ /fHotkm{sf em08} Ps nfv ;}lgs 5g\ eg] csf]{ lt/ dfcf]jfbLsf ;}lgsx¿ . o;nfO{ s;/L 36fpb} nfg] < ;}lgsx¿nfO{ s6f}lt u/]/ cfly{s a[l4b/ a9fpg tkm{ nfUof] eg] b]z ljsf; / lj:tf/sf] af6f] v'Ng]lyof] . t/ xfdL otflt/ nfu]sf 5}gf}+ . l7s} 5, ;}GojfbnfO{ Ps} k6s Go"lgs/0f ug{ ;lsb}g . t/, lj:tf/} ;}Go Go"lgs/0ftkm{ hf]8 lbg'k5{ . xfdLnfO{ rLg / ef/t;“u n8\g'5}g . lbg k|ltlbg l;df ldlrPsf ;d:ofn] xfdLnfO{ ;tfO/x]sf] 5 . ;Ldf ldlrPklg oL b'j} tkm{sf ;}GozlQmn] s]xL n5f/kf6f] nufpg ;s]sf] b]lvPsf]5}g . /fli6«o ;]gf / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfnfO{ ;Ldf ;DaGwL jf:t} 5}g . To;}n] xfd|f] o'jf zlQmnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg'k5{, b]zelQmk"0f{ efjgfn] kl/kSj kfg'{k5{ . cGt/f{li6«o¿kdf ;Ldf;DaGwL d'2fnfO{ p7fpg'k5{ . . s'/f p7]df Ol08ofn] dfGg klg ;S5, lsg eg] Ol08of klg ;+;f/df ulgg] 7"nf] nf]stflGqs b]z xf] . xfdLn] h;/L klg Ps O{~r e"efudfly ljb]zL cltqmd0f :jLsfg'{ x'b}+g .
k|:t'ltM k|df]b lwtfn
‘gof“ g]kfn’ lgdf{0fsf jf:tljs cfwf/x¿
u0f]z vqL
s'g} klg ul/j d'n's cfTdlge{/ ePg eg] To;n] slxNo} ljsf; ub}{g . jt{dfg ljZjdf ul/a /fi6«n] cfTdlge{/ /fli6«o cleofg / lgof{td"lv Jofkf/gLlt ckgfPsf] v08df l56f] k|ult ug{;Sg] b]lvG5 . g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf] k|lta4tf–kq
-3f]if0ff–kq_ n] gof“ g]kfnsf] kl/sNkgfnfO{ cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . b]z / hgtfnfO{ k"0f{¿kdf cfTdlge{/ agfO{ lgof{td"lv Jofkf/gLlt cl3;fg{ kxn u/]sf] v08df jf:tljs gof“ g]kfn lgdf{0f e}/x]sf] cg'ej Ps} jif{b]lv hgtfn] ug{ kfpg] 5g\ . l;+uf] /fi6«e/L Ps};fy cleofg ;+rfng ug]{ / k|ltkmn k|fKtug{ ;lsg] s]xL kIfx¿ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 M–
s= vlgh t]n / k|fs[lts UofF;
!=k]6«f]lnod kbfy{M– g]kfnsf] s"n e"efusf] #& k|ltzt If]qdf k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ /x]sf] k'li6 eO;s]sf] 5 . lj= ;= @)$) sf] b;sdf cd]l/sfsf] 6«fO6g / g]b/Nof08sf] z]n gfds k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ pTvgg\ sDkgLn] u/]sf] cWoog cg';f/ d]rL dxfsfnLaLrsf] t/fO{, r'/]dxfef/t / leqLdw]; If]qdf t]n kfOG5 . pTvgg\ sfo{nfO{ ;'? ug]{ xf] eg] nufgLstf{ e]l6g] 5g\ . k|yd r/0fd} 7"nf] ;+Vofdf /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ v'Ng]5 . b'O{ tLg jif{kl5 xfdL l8h]n, dl§t]n / k]6«f]ndf qmlds ¿kdf cfTdlge{/ x'“b} hfg] 5f}+ . c/af}{ ?lkof“ ljb]lzg] 5}g . cfDbfgL / /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿ :jb]zleq} v'Ng]5g\ .
@= k|fs[lts Uof“;M– vfgf ksfpg] Uof“; ldy]g sf7df8f}+ pkTosf / d'lQmgfy If]qdf k|r'/ dfqfdf /x]sf] hfkfgL ;xof]u lgof]u ;+:yf hfOsfsf] cWoog–cGj]if0f k|ltj]bgdf b]lvG5 . sf7df8f}+ d'lgsf] Uof“;nfO{ vfg]kfgLsf] wf/f em}+ k|To]s 3/sf] efG;fdf k'¥ofp“bf kf6g, sf7df8f}+ / eQmk'/jf;LnfO{ #@ jif{k'Ug] hfOsfsf] cWoogn] b]vfp“5 . ;w} ljb]zLsf] e/ kg'{kg]{ Uof“;df Wofg lbP/ sfd yfNg' cToGt h?/L 5 . sfd yfn]df /f]huf/L l;h{gf, /fd|f] /fli6«o cfo / cfkm}n] d"No tf]Sg] cj:yf cfpg]5 .
v= b}lgs pkef]Uo j:t'x¿
!= pkTosfsf nlntk'/ / eQmk'/ afx]s sf7df8f}+af;Ln] dfq} k|ltlbg (% xhf/ ?lkof“sf] cfofltt df5f dfq} vfg] u/]sf] cWoogdf b]lvof] . g]kfne/Lsf] lx;fa ug]{ xf] eg] Go"gtd @ s/f]8hlt /sd t df5fsf] nflu dfq} ljb]lzg] eof] . g]kfnsf] d]rLb]lv dxfsfnLaLrsf] rf/sf];] emf8Lleq dfq} ;of}+ k|fs[lts tfn, s'jfx¿ 5g\ . :yfgLo ul/a, b'MvLx¿sf] Ps pkef]Qmf ;ldlt agfO{ tfn ;kmf u/]/ df};d cg's"nsf df5fkfng ug{ ;lsG5 . To:t} kxf8L e]udf gbLx¿df ag]sf bxdf lk+h/fljlwaf6 df5f kfng ug{ ;lsG5 . of] gLlt canDag ug]{ xf] eg] Ps} jif{df k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g]5 . xhf/f}+n] gf]s/L kfpg]5g\ . g]kfn df5f cfoft ug]{ xf]Og ;d'b|L d'n'sx¿nfO{ lgof{t ug]{ /fi6« aGg ;Sg]5 . ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf pRr lzv/If]qaf6 pTkGg ePsf lxdfnL gbLsf df5f eg]/ k|rf/ ug]{ xf] eg] ;DkGg d'n'ssf zf}lvgx¿ xfd|f lgoldt u|fxs aGg] 5g\ .
@= kz'kfngM– cem} klg xfdL e]8afv|fdf cfTdlge{/ 5}gf}+ . tf/] xf]6nx¿df k|ltjif{ em08} ^ s/f]8 ljb]zL e]8fsf] df;' vkt eO/x]sf] 5 . df;' ahf/sf] 7"nf]lx:;f ltAatL / ef/tLo e]8fafv|f -e]8f, v;L, af]sf_ df lge{/ 5 . xfd|f kfvf kv]/fx¿df pGgthftsf 3f“; nufpg s[ifsnfO{ eGg ;S5f}+ . n]sfnL If]qdf k|z:t r/gIf]q 5 . To;sf] ;b'kof]u ePsf] 5}g . rf}/Lsf 5fnfsf] ;b'kof]u ePsf] 5}g . lxdfnL e]usf hgtf rf}/Lsf] 5fnfnfO{ cf]5\ofgsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/fO{, kxf8df agfOg] u'Gb|L, uh]/f, emNnfnfO{ lxdfnLIf]qdf k7fO{ rf}+/L / ofssf] 5fnfaf6 :yfgLo :t/d} h'Qf, emf]nf, k]6L agfpg nufpg ;lsG5 . ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf cUnf] :yfgdf a:g] k|f0fLsf] 5fnfaf6 ag]sf ;fdfu|L eGg] ljlQs} ljZj ahf/df k|efj kg]{ 5 . ptf lxdfnL If]qsf afl;Gbfn] u'Gb|L uh]/faf6 Gofgf] klg kfpg]5g\ / 5fnfaf6 /sd klg . u'Gb|L, uh]/f / lk/f agfpg] ;of}+ n3'pBf]u ;+rfng u/]/ xhf/f}+nfO{ /f]huf/L lbnfpg ;lsg]5 . e]8fafv|fdf cfTdlge{/ eof}+ eg] b;f}+ ca{ ?lkof“sf] cfDbfgL x'g] b]lvG5 .
#=df};dL–a]df};dL pTkfbgM– xfdL cem}+ klg hfd, ;;, crf/, v';f{gL, Kofh, n;'gdf cfTdlge{/ 5}gf}+ . a§faGb lab]zL h'; xfdL lslg/x]sf 5f}+ . gof“ g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] ;jfndf ;f“RRf} g} ;–;fgf kIfnfO{ klg s]nfpg] xf] eg] tof/L vfg]s'/f cfoftdf k|ltaGw nufg' k5{ . ;o ?lkof“sf] xln{S; eGbf kf“r ?lkof“sf] ds} kf]lifnf] x'G5 eGg] r]tgf hgtfdf hufpg' k5{ . b'O{ sf]7fsf] 3/ ePsf hgtfnfO{ Ps /f]kgL jf Ps s¶fsf] cf“ug cfjZos 5}g eGg] l;sfpg' k5{ . k"jL{ t/fO{ If]qdf r/fn] lj:6\ofPs} e/df 6df6/ pd|]/ /fd|/L kmn lbG5 . yf]/} hldg x'g] hgtfnfO{ j}1flgs 9+uaf6 To;sf] v]tL k|0ffnL af/] 1fg lbPsf] v08df /fd|f] k|ltkmn lg:sg] 5 . ;/sf/L :t/af6 vf8L d'n'ssf] t/sf/L ahf/df :yfg kfpg] k|of; u/]sf] v08df vf8L /fi6«sf ;'Ntfgsf] efG;fdf g]kfnL t/sf/L kfSg] 5 .
u= jgsf] pkof]u / ;+/If0f
!= k|To]s lbg #% nfv ?lkof“sf] kfgsf] kft ljb]zaf6 cfoft e}/x]sf] 5, dl/r klg ljb]zaf6} cfp“5 . b'a}sf] v]tL h+undf x'G5 . udL{ 7fp“sf] h+unsf ?vsf km]bdf lj?jf /f]lklbP kl5 g uf]8d]n ug'{k5{ g t dnkfgL g} xfNg' k5{ . o;n] ljb]lzg] /sd Psftkm{ hf]ufp“5 eg] csf]{tkm{ hyfefjL jg km8fgL x'gaf6 /f]S5 . To:t} ;d'b|L ;txb]lv !& ;ob]lv @* ;o ld6/ prfO{sf kxf8L tyf n]sfnL cf]l;nf] jgdf cn}+rL v]tL /fd|/L x'G5 . k"jL{ kxf8sf s]xL jgdf s[ifsn] o;af6 /fd|f] cfDbfgL ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/ g]kfndf To:t} jftfj/0fsf w]/} ;/sf/L jgx¿ Tolts} v]/ uO/x]sf 5g\ . cGt/f{li6«o ahf/ /fd|f] eO/x]sf] avt pTkfbgnfO{ b]zJofkL agfpg ;s]sf] v08df ljb]zL d'b|f cfh{g ug]{ tyf /f]huf/Lsf] nflu 3/d} sfd pknAw x'g] b]lvG5 .
@= t?n v]tL / df}/L kfngM–3/ cf;kf;sf jg h+undf ;'/lIft 9+un] df}/Lkfng ug{ ;lsG5 . /, ;“u;“u} b'j} k|sf/sf t?n -3/ t?n / jgt?n_ sf] v]tL ug{ ;lsG5 . sl7g z/Ll/s >d ug{ g;Sg]x¿sf] nflu cfTdlge{/ cleofgsf] lglDt of] kmnbfoL x'g]5 . t/fO{b]lv tNnf]n]s / gbL lsgf/sf h'g;'s} jgdf of] cleofg ;+rfng u/]sf] v08df cfly{s ¿kdf ljkGg / s8f kl/>d ug{ g;Sg]x¿sf] nflu Ps c;n sbd x'g]5 .
#=‘k|To]s jg Ps cf/If, k|To]s h+un Ps lgs'~h’ M– ;+;f/e/L g} b'n{e dflgg] kz'k+IfLx¿ nf]k x'g] cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5g\ . jgh+undf kfOg] ;l/;[k / peor/ ju{df kg]{ k|f0fLx¿sf] klg xfnt p:t} 5 . jftfj/0f cg';f/ af“Rg ;Sg] k|f0fLnfO{ lglZrt 3]/faGbLdf kfng ug{ hgtfnfO{ g} cu|;/ u/fpg ;lsG5 . klZrdsf afx|l;+u]x¿nfO{ k"j{sf h+undf x'sf{pg / a9fpg ;lsg] s'/f lrtjgsf u}+8f alb{ofdf ;f/]kl5 ltgdf s'g} c;/ gePsf]af6 k'li6 x'G5 . klZrdsf afx|l;+u]x¿nfO{ k"j{sf h+undf x'sf{pg a9fpg ;lsg] s'/f lrtjgsf u}+8f alb{ofdf ;f/]kl5 ltgdf s'g} c;/ gePsf]af6 k'li6 x'G5 . h+undf hgfj/kfng gLlt g]kfndf ;Dej 5 eGg] s'/f ;fd'bflos jgk|ltsf] hg?rLn] l;4u/]sf] 5 . o;af6 b'n{e jGohGt'sf] rf]/Llgsf;L /f]lsg] / jgh+unsf] ;+/If0f x'g] kSsf 5 .
3= j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg]x¿sf] ;b'kof]u
!= :jb]zL pTkfbgsf] k|rf/M xfn;Dd ljleGg d'n'sdf /f]huf/Lsf] lglDt eg]/ @) nfv g]kfnL ljb]lzPsf 5g\ . cj}w ¿kdf hfg] / ;fwf/0fsfdsf] nflu ef/t hfg]x¿sf] ;+Vof o;df ;dfj]z 5}g . ;DalGwt b]zsf] gful/s eP/ k':tf}+ cl3b]lv ef/t, DofGdf/ / e'6fgdf u/L Ps s/f]8 hlt g]kfnL d"nsf afl;Gbf/x]sf] cg'dflgt cf“s8f 5 .
;fgf] k"“hLn] u'Gb|'s, l;lGs, d:of}/f, l;b|f, cflb t/sf/L hGo vfBkbfy{ tof/ ug{ d]rLb]lv dxfsfnL;Ddsf hgtf ;Ifd 5g\ . k|jfl;Psf g]kfnLx¿sf] lglDt k'Vof}{nL vfBj:t'x¿sf] df]x :jtM a9]sf] b]lvG5 . ;d'b|t6Lo tyf ;DkGg d'n'sx¿df df5f–df;'eGbf t/sf/Lsf] df]na9L k5{ . csf{]tkm{ dfly pNn]lvt t/sf/LhGo kbfy{x¿df kf]if0fkbfy{sf] dfqf tfhfsf] eGbf a9L x'g] cWogx¿n] b]vfPsf 5g\ . j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg] Ps hgfn] jflif{s ! ;o 8n/sf] dfq} :jb]zL v'Vvf t/sf/L vl/b ul/lbPdf em08} !$ ca{ ?lkof“ a/fa/sf] ljb]zL d'b|f :jb]zdf leqg]5 . o;n] /f]huf/Lsf] nflu k|jfl;Psfx¿df :jb]zk|ltsf] dfof cyf{t\ /fli6«otfsf] efjgf hfu[t u/fpg]5 . ljb]zL ahf/df g]kfnL k'/fgf t/sf/Ln] kl/ro x'g kfpg]5g\ / lj:tf/} ahf/ a9\g]5 . x]bf{ ;fgfb]lvg] o:tf sfo{n] w]/} ljkGgx¿sf] /f]hL/f]6Lsf Joj:yf ul/lbg] 5 . k|To]s uflj;df Pp6f u'Gb'sl;GsL n3'pBf]u /fd|/L km:6fpg] 5 .
@= k|frLg j:t'sf] Jofkf/M– vf“8L / nf]Stf ef+u|fsf sk8f ljZjs} k'/fgf x'g\ / ltgsf] pb\udynf] g]kfn xf] . kf]zfslk|o ljZj ahf/df xfdL oL sk8fsf u'0f / k|of]uaf/] cjut u/fp“b} ;lhn} k|j]z kfpg ;S5f}+ . vf“8L, nf]Stfef+u|fsf sk8f jftfj/0f cg's"lnt x'G5g\ cyf{t\ hf8f] / udL{ b'a} df};dsf nflu pk'o'{Qm x'G5g\ . j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg]x¿af6} o;sf] k|rf/ cleofg yfNg] xf] eg] l;:g'sf 8fSnfaf6 /];f lgsfNg] / kftnfO{ ;'sfP/ lk7f] agfpg ;Sg] b]lvG5 . k|To]s l;:g'3f/L / cNnf]3f/L cfosf] Pp6f af6f] x'g]5 . o;sf] cfkm"v';L d"No tf]Sg] clwsf/ g]kfnL hgtfsf] x'g]5 .
ª= hl8a'6L v]tL
nufgL ljgfg} 3/sf cf“ug 5]p / 5tdf ;d]t /f]Kg ldNg] hl8a'6Lx¿sf] lrgf/L ;j{k|yd ;/sf/n] hgtfnfO{ lbg'kg]{5 . g]kfnL ahf/df !^ ;o ?lkof“ kg]{ ^ ;o ldlnln6/sf] l3ps'df/L -Pnf]j]/f_sf] h'; :jb]zd} pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 . l3ps'df/L dn / kfgLljg} d?e"dLdf ;d]t km:6fpg] k|hfltsf] hl8a'6L xf] . To:t}+ g]kfndfdfq kfOg] nf]7 ;Nnf -6]S;; kfOg_ ljgf 5ftL / kf7]3/sf] SofG;/sf] cf}ifwL g} aGb}g . g]kfndf st} st} o;nfO{ 9\ofªu|] ;Nnf klg elgG5 . To:t} /QmrGbg, :j]t rGbg 3/ 5]p jf cfkm\gf v]taf/Lsf l8ndf nufpg hgtfnfO{ k|]l/t ug'{k5{ . k|ltaGw km's'jf u/L hl8a'6Lsf] Jojl:yt v]tL ug{ ;/sf/n] hgtfnfO{ xf};nf / 1fgk|bfg u/]df krf;f}+ xhf/n] Jojl:yt gf]s/L kfpg]5g\, /fi6«n] ;of}+ ca{ ljb]zL d'b|fk|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;j{k|yd g]kfndf dfq kfOg] hl8a'6Lsf] Jofkfl/s clwsf/ -k]6]G6_ lng'kg]{5 . lr/fOtf]nfO{ k"j{df dfq xf]Og g]kfne/L g} sxf“sxf“ jftfj/0f cg's"n x'G5 Toxf“ v]tL u/fpg ;s]sf] v08df hgtfn] / /fi6«n] /fd|f] cfocfh{g ug]{5g\ . emf/sf] ¿kdf dflgb} cfPsf] 3f]8tfk|], ltt]kftL, s'6\sL h:tf jg:klt cf}iflw x'g\ eg]/ hgtfnfO{ lrgfpg' pQd sfo{ x'g]5 .
r= vfgL pTvgg\
cfoftd'vL pTkfbgx¿ l;d]G6, 58 h:tf lgdf{0f;fdu|Ldf cfTdlge{/ x'g ;/sf/n] nufgL ug}{ kb}{g . gLlh If]q j]t'ssf cfly{s lgodsfg'gn] ubf{ af“lwPsf] 5 / nufgL ug{ OR5's / pT;'s 5 . l;d]G6 / kmnfd pBf]u ;+rfng ug{ lbPkl5 r/0fa4¿kdf /fi6« jf gLlh If]qn] tfdf, cfnd'lgod, h:tf vfgL pTvgg\ ug{ ;S5g\ . o;af6 /fi6«nfO{ c/af}++ ?lkof“sf] cfDbfgL / xhf/f}+nfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yf l;h{gf x'g]5 .
5= pmhf{df cfTdlge{/
pmhf{gLlt sfof{Gjogubf{ ljz]if Wofg rfxL b"|t of]hgf / r/0fa4 bL3{sfnLg of]hgf agfpg' pko'Qm x'g]5 . hnljB't pmhf{sf] ;jfndf x]bf{ 7"nf kl/of]hgfdf eGbf demf}nf kl/of]hgf pQd b]lvG5g\ . hnljB't pmhf{nfO{ dfq /fi6« / gLlh If]qn] x]/]/ k'Ub}g . j}slNks pmhf{nfO{ ;“u;“u} n}hfg' kg]{5 . g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns ;+/rgf g} o:tf] 5 ls hgtfsf] dfu eGbfa9L pmhf{ pTkfbg eP klg ;a} If]qdf ljt/0f ;Dej 5}g . jfo' / ;f}o{phf{ pTkfbgnfO{ ;“u;“u} n}hfg' kmnbfoL x'g]5 . km]l/ nB' hnljB't kl/of]hgfx¿nfO{ klg 5f]8\g'x'Gg . tfkLo pmhf{sf] lglDt g]kfndf k|of]u x'g] sf]Onf xf] . :jb]zdf ePsf sf]Onf vfgLsf] ;+rfng Jojl:yt ¿kdf ub}{ cGo vfgLsf] vf]hLul/g' k5{ . g]kfnsf] t/fO{, r'/]dxfef/t / leqL dw];sf] cIff+zdf kg]{ kfls:tfg, ef/t, DofGdf/lt/ htftt} sf]Onf kfOg'n] g]kfndf cem w]/} sf]OnfvfgL km]nf kg]{ b]lvG5 .
h= ko{6g
ko{6gnfO{ ju{ut¿kdf pkef]u ug]{ /0fgLlt glnPdf jt{dfg ko{6ggLlt c:yfoL / w/d/ x'g] b]lvG5 . l:y/ ko{6g Joj;fosf] lglDt lgDg cj/0ffcl3 ;fg'{ pQd x'g]5M–
!=dgf]/~hgfTds ko{6gM– k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tf cjnf]sg / kbofqfdf /x]/ u|fdL0fIf]qsf] ef}uf]lns cjnf]sgsf nflu cfpg] ko{6snfO{ cfslif{t ug{ gof“ If]q / dfu{ klxNofpg' kg]{5 . gof“ ko{6sLo If]q klxrfgu/L j[Qlrq dfWodåf/f k|rf/k|;f/ u/]df ko{6s ;+Vof a9\g]5 .
@= wfld{s ko{6gM– lxGb' / af}4 wdf{nDaL ko{6sx¿ a9fpgsf] nflu wfld{s If]qdf ;'/Iff, cfjf; / xf]6nx¿nfO{ r':t kfb}{ emf]n] Jofkf/nfO{ dof{lbt agfpg' pQd x'g]5 .
#= cWoog cg';Gwfg / vf]h ko{6gM– cWo]tfx¿sf] nflu l;+uf] g]kfn g} ljZjsf] Ps dfq ljZjljBfno xf] eGg] efjgf ;/sf/ / gLltlgdf{0fsf] txdfePdf l:y/ / cljrlnt ko{6g Joj;fo km:6fpg]5 . o;sfnflu bIfx¿åf/f cWoog If]q 5'6\ofpg' kg]{5 . vfgLdf ;'gb]lv g'g;Dd g]kfndf 5g\ . To;sf cWo]otfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' k¥of] . lxdtfn, lxdgbL, lxdfnL jg:klt, lxdfnL kz'k+IfL ;DalGw 5'§} cjwf/0ff Nofpg' k¥of], h;n] ljZje/Lsf cWo]tfx¿nfO{ cfslif{t ug{ ;sf];\ . hLj, jg:klt / e"uf]ndfq xf]Og wd{, ;+:s[lt, rf8kj{, l/ltl/jfh, hflt, efiff, cfly{s ljifdtf / ;fdflhs oyfy{ ljZje/Lsf cWo]tfsf] gh/df kfg]{ /0fgLlt gof“ g]kfnsf] kl/sNkgfsf/x¿n] ckgfpg' ;fGble{s x'g]5 .
$=;fxl;s v]n ko{6gM j~hL hlDkª, /s SnfOlDaª, lxdfn cf/f]x0f, Kof/f UnfOl8ª, sfoflsª / /flº6ªnfO{ c? Jojl:yt / cfslif{t agfpg w]/} sfdx¿ af“sL /x]sf b]lvG5g\ . oL afx]ssf ;fxlzs cGo v]nx¿ cfkm} l;h{gf ug{ ;lsg]5, xfQL kf]nf] v]n h:t} . xfdLn] ;jf{lws prfOdf s':tL k|lt:kwf{, ljZjsf] ;jf{lws prfOsf] tfn ltlnrf]df a9L ;do;Dd t}/g ;Sg] k|ltof]lutf, ToxL“ 8'+ufbf}8f k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf u/L g]kfnk|ltsf] ljZjsf] cfsif{0f c? a9fpg ;lsg]5 . k|l;4 6]lnlehg Rofgnx¿ l8:sf]e/L, :kf]6\;{, g];gn hf]u|fkmLx¿n] To;sf] :j:km"t{ ¿kdf k|zf/0f ul/lbg] 5g\ . zfxl;s v]ndf lxdfnL 3f]8fbf}8 klg ;fd]n ug{ ;lsg]5 . gof“ g]kfndf gof“ zfxl;s v]nx¿ hGdfO{ v]ns'b ko{6gdfkm{t c? gj ko{6sx¿nfO{ cfslif{t ug{ ;lsg]5 .
^=cfGtl/s ko{6gM 3'Dgsf] nflu k|j]zf1f grflxg] ef/tLo zx/x¿sf] t'ngfdf g]kfnL ufp“j:tL g} dgdf]xs 5g\ eGg] r]tgf hgtfdf hufpg' /fi6«jfbL ;/sf/sf] bfloTj x'g]5 . cfkm\g} b]zsf gof“ ufp“7fp“sf af/]df hgtfnfO{ hfgsf/L 5}g . sfzL, k'§ktL{, cyf{t\ rf/wfd hfg] g]kfnL wfld{s ko{6sx¿nfO{ :jb]zL cf:yfsf s]Gb|x¿df 8'Ng k|]l/tug]{ / ljBfyL{nfO{ z}lIfs e|d0fsf] nflu :jb]zL :ynx¿sf] cjnf]sgdf n}hfg] z}lIfs gLltsf] hu a;flnPdf cfGtl/s ko{6ssf] sf/0f lglZrt If]qsf afl;Gbfn] nfe xfl;n ug]{5g\ . b]zk|ltsf] dfof hgtfdf c? a9\g] 5 . /fli6«otfk|lt dfof–ddtf pgLx¿df hfUg]5 . /fi6«sf] ;Gt'lnt cy{tGqdf o;n] s]xL xb;Dd 6]jf k'¥ofpg]5 .
em= Jojxfl/s lzIffgLlt
clzlIft jo:sx¿nfO{ dWogh/ u/L Jojxfl/s lzIffnfO{ hf]8lbg' /fd|f] x'g]5 . clxn]sf] k|fljlws lzIff k|0ffnLnfO{ To;d} ufe]/ jo:sx¿sf] rfxgf adf]lhd k|fljlws lzIff, k9\gdfq} hfGg], n]vk9 b'a} ug{ rfxg]x¿nfO{ uflj;x¿df ljt/0f ul/b}+ cfPsf] ah]6af6 hgcled'vLs/0f tflnd lbg' pQdx'g]5 . o;af6 cJojl:yt ;x/dflysf] rfk 36\g]5 . b;f}+ xhf/ /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ l;h{gf x'g]5g\ . /, j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg]x¿n] cfkm\gf] 3/sf]sfd Eofp“b} pko'Qm k|fljlws ;Lk, 1fg cfh{g ug{ kfpg] 5g\ .
`= cfkm\gf] ufpFdf cfkm} /f]huf/bftf agf}+
cfw'lgs 9+un] s'v'/f kfng, pGgt hftsf a+u'/, xf“;, v/fof], ltqf, 6sL{ kfng, xl/tu[x ljlwaf6 t/sf/L v]tL, Rofp v]tL, a§fO{ kfng ;DalGw 1fg ;/sf/L tkm{af6 lbg] / a]/f]huf/nfO{ cfkm\g} ufp“3/df dfly pNn]lvt s'g} Ps Joj;fo ug{ psf:g] xf] eg] /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿ ufp“3/d} l;h{gf x'g]5g\ . ufp“sf] ljsf;n] /fi6«sf] cfo j[l4 u/fpg] of] gLlt dxŒjk"0f{ ;fljt x'g]5 .
6= s'6gLlts rft'o{tfM
ljutsfndf ljb]zl:yt (( k|ltzt s'6gLlts lgof]u, /fhb"tfjf;x¿, Nxf;f / sf]nsftfsf jfl0fHob"tfjf;x¿ lgsDdf lyPeGbf km/s kb}{g . clxn] k'/fgf tL ;Dk"0f{ ;+rf/gf Wj:t} kfg'{k5{ . xfdL wgL ljb]zL tyf l5d]sL b]zx¿n] g]kfnnfO{ ;xof]u ul//x]sf] b]V5f}+ . t/ Tof]eGbf a9L pgLx¿n] oxf“ cfh{g ul//x]sf x'G5g\ / cfkm\gf] ;/sf/nfO{ /sd k7fO/x]sf x'G5g\ . ljb]zl:yt g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf;n] jflif{s ¿kdf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{ /sd tf]lslbg' k5{ . s'6gLlts lgof]u ;+rfng ug]{gfp“df ljlgof]hg t ug'{k5{ t/, ;“u;“u} p;n] sdfpg' kg]{ Go"gtd /sd tf]lsg} k5{ . p;n] ljb]zdf s;}dfly Jofkfl/s nufgL u/]/ x'G5 ls g]kfnnfO{ a9L ko{6s k7fP/ x'G5 sdfpg} kg]{ afWotf l;h{gf ul/lbPkl5 dfq} s'6gLlts If]q r':t /xG5 .
dfly s b]lv 6 ;Dd pNn]lvt kIf afx]s xfdLn] 7fGg] u/]sf cGo ;;fgf kIfx¿ w]/}5g\, h;n] /fli6«o cy{tGq, ljsf; / cfTdlge{/ cy{tGqdf k|d've"ldsf v]ln/x]sf x'G5g\ . rf]vf] cfTdfn] gof“ l;h{gzLn g]kfn lgdf{0f cleofg ;+rfng ug]{ zlQmnfO{ olt g} sfkmL x'g]5 .
