Kathmandu, Magh 10 2064.

ljrf/

alb|g/l;+x s]=;L=

“The decisive battles in this (1950) struggle, however, had not been fought in the hills of Nepal , but in the halls of New Delhi where the insistence upon a ‘middle way’ solution had dominated the proceedings. The social and economic objectives of the revolution had been abandoned, or postponed under the Delhi compromise.”

– Leo E. Rose

Nepal Strategy for Survival, pp-194

æof] -@))& ;fnsf]_ ;+3if{sf lg0ff{os n8fO“x¿ g]kfnsf kxf8x¿df geP/ gof“lbNnLsf a}7sx¿df nl8Psf] lyof], hxf“ -;Demf}tf_ k|lqmofx¿df …dWodfuL{Ú pkfo xfjL ePsf] lyof] . lbNnL ;Demf}tfs} sf/0f qmflGtsf ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s p2]ZonfO{ kl/Tofu ul/of] jf k/ ;fl/of] .Æ afx|a'“b] ;dembf/Lkqdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ dfcf]jfbLsf ;Gbe{df d}n] lnof] /f]hsf] pQm k':tsdf pNn]lvt p4/0f ;lDemg k'u]“ ls dfcf]jfbLsf] lg0ff{os ;+3if{ klg g]kfnsf …lxnÚdf xf]Og, lbNnLsf …xn\Ú df kf] x'gk'u]5 . /fd/fhfk|;fb l;+xn] 7Ls} eg]sf /x]5g\, ædfcf]jfbLsf] hgo'4 lbNnLsf] d}bfgdf ;dfKt eof] .Æ

@)%& ;fnb]lv dfcf]jfbLn] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg;ef / uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng;“u} ;+ljwfg;ef r'gfjsf] Ph]08fnfO{ p7fp“b} cfPsf] xf] . t/ g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{n] @)%$ ;fndf cfºgf] jL/u~h dxflwj]zgåf/f t/fO{df b'O{ / kxf8df tLg u/L g]kfnnfO{ kf“r k|fGtdf ljefhg ug{'kg]{ / ;+3Lo k|0ffnLsf] nflu ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg x'g'kg]{ k|:tfj kfl/t u/]sf] lyof] . To;kl5sf lbgdf ef/tsf k|f]= P;=8L= d'gL h:tf ljåfg\x¿n] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts ;d:ofsf nflu o:t} ;dfwfgsf ;"q k|ltkfbg ub}{ cfP . jf:tjdf sf7df8f}“df eGbf w]/} klxn] gof“lbNnLdf g]kfnn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdf hfg'kg]{ cfu|x u'l~hg yfn]sf] lyof] . g]skf -Pdfn]_sf g]tf O{Zj/ kf]v/]nnfO{ gof“lbNnL ljdfg:yndf ef/tLo k|x/Ln] @$ 306f lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] a]nf æPdfn] cem} lsg ;+ljwfg;efsf] kIfdf tof/ gePsf] <Æ h:tf k|Zg /fVg'sf] p2]Zo s] lyof] < Pdfn]leq ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg rflxof] eGg] klxnf] g]tf jfdb]j uf}td x'g\, h'g ljrf/sf] cGtjf{tf{ lb“bf pgLdfly kf6L{n] cg'zf;gsf] sf/jfxL u/]sf] lyof], en} Pdfn]sf] hgsk'/ dxflwj]zgb]lv dfq ;+ljwfg;efsf] ax; v'Nnf ul/Psf] xf] .

of] cfhsf] s'/f xf] . lxhf]sf] /fhgLltdf klg ;+ljwfg;efsf] ax; @))& ;fnb]lv @)!% ;fn;Dd grn]sf] xf]Og, ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg gug]{ egL @)!# h]7df tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL 6+sk|;fb cfrfo{n] lbPsf] ;fj{hlgs ljrf/nfO{ lnP/ jL=kL= sf]O/fnfn] ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf l/6 lgj]bg lbO{ g]kfndf klxnf] k6s x'g] lgjf{rg ;+ljwfg;efs} x'g'k5{ egL ul/Psf] lhls/nfO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] æ===sfg'gn] ug{'kg]{ s/ nfu]sf] sfd ulb{g egL hjfkm lbPsf]df k/dfb]z l/6 hf/L ug{ ldNg] xf], t/ k|:t't dfldnfdf ;f] adf]lhd eP u/]sf] gb]lvgfn] ;d]t s'g} l/6 hf/L ug{ of] h?/L gb]lvPsf]Æ egL d'2f vf/]h ul/lbPsf] lyof] . cfhsf] ;/sf/n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj gug]{ egL 3f]if0ff u¥of] eg] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] ToxL km};nf nfu' x'g ;Sb5 .

To;kl5 ul7t s]=cfO{=l;+xsf] dlGqd08nn] klg r'gfj u/fpg ;s]g . g;Sg'df cfhsf] h:tf] bnx¿sf] cgd]n, xfgyfk, uf“8 sf]/fsf]/, lIfb|fGj]if0f, sfd z"Go s'/f 7"nf k|j[lQdf slxNo} ;'wf/ gePsf] sf/0f g} /Xof] . cflv/ d'n'snfO{ slxn];Dd clg0f{osf] aGbL agfO/fVg] eGg] k|Zgn] jL=kL= nufot g]kfnL sf“u|]; ;+ljwfg;efsf] xf]Og @)!% sf] ;+;bLo r'gfjsf nflu tof/ x'g'ePsf] lyof] .

cfh k'gM ToxL c;kmn k|of; / g;'lw|Psf] /fhgLlts z}nL bf]xf]l/Psf] 5, t/ ;d:of / ;ª\s6 lgs} ha/h:t eP/ cfPsf 5g\ . cfhsf] lg0f{odf lgjf{lrt ;+ljwfg;efn] /fHosf] k'gM;+/rgf ubf{ ;+3Lo /fHok|0ffnL ckgfpg} kg]{ clgjfo{tf lnPsf] 5 . csf{lt/ /fHon] …wd{Ú 5f]8]/ wd{lg/k]If t eof], t/ wd{n] pAhfPsf] hfltnfO{ /fHo;+/rgfsf] cfwf/ dfg]sf] 5 . /fHosf] wd{ x'“b}g eg] /fHosf] hflt s;/L x'g;S5 < s] wd{ ;+j}wflgs x'g ;Sb}g eg] hflt rflx“ ;+j}wflgs x'g;S5 <

hftLo /fHosf] lgdf{0f ul/P klg ;f] /fHosf] cl:tTj / cfsf/ oyfjt\ /xg ;S5 eGg] 5}g . pbfx/0f x]g{ 6f9f hfg'kb}{g, ef/tnfO{ x]/] x'G5 . ef/tdf ;g\ !(%& df cf;fdaf6 gfufNof08 /fHo hlGdof], !(^) df aDa} /fHoaf6 dxf/fi6« / u'h/ft ag], !(^^ df k~hfaaf6 xl/of0ff aGof], !(&@ df km]l/ cf;fdaf6 c¿0ffrn, ldhf]/d / d]3fno ag], ;g\ @))) df dWok|b]zaf6 5QL;u9, pQ/k|b]zaf6 pQ/f~rn, ljxf/af6 emf/v08 k}bf eP . /fHosf] lsQf sf6\g] tyf gof“ /fHo hlGdg] qmd cem} /f]lsPsf] 5}g . Toxf“ 5'§} …uf]vf{/fHoÚsf] dfu a9\b}5 / cfGbf]ngsf nIf0f b]vfkg{ yfn]sf 5g\ . PsfTds /fHo k|0ffnL 7Ls x'“b}g ;+3Lo /fHo k|0ffnL dfq plrt x'G5 eGg] e|d xfdLnfO{ s;}n] g/fd|f];“u lbdfudf xflnlbPsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;ef, ;+3Lo ;+/rgf / …u0ftGqÚsf] gf/f 3f]Sg] x'“bf d'n's /0fe"ld h:tf] IftljIft / hgtf o'4kLl8t / ljlIfKt h:tf eO;s] . …6Lsf/fdÚ ;+;bn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] clwsf/ cltqmd0f u/]/ u0ftGqsf] 3f]if0ff t u¥of], t/ 3f]if0ffsf :jfutsf lglDt ;8sdf Pp6f dflg; klg lg:s]g, ha ls ;ftbnsf] wfs lyof], d'n's u0ftGqdo eO;s]sf] 5 . of] t ;Qf ;~rfns bnx¿sf] dxTjf]Gdfb -d]ufnf]d]lgof_, cj;fbu|:t em}“ k/kL8s, lgn{Hh / cg'Q/bfoL rl/qsf] kl/0flt dfq eof] . s] oxL xf] t nf]stGq / ;+3Lo ;+/rgflt/sf] xfd|f] ofqf <

d]/f] cfu|x xf]Og, cfd cg'e"lt xf] . sy+sbflrt ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg eOxfn]df To;n] g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] enf] ug]{ 5}g, To;n] åGåsf] ;dfwfg xf]Og, csf]{ åGå / /f]bgsf] z'?cft ug]{5 . ;Qfsf ;ftbndf g t r'gfj u/fpg] Odfgbf/Lk"0f{ dgMl:ylt 5 g t j:t'l:ylt g} tof/ 5 . of] cWofonfO{ olt d} aGb u/]/ a[xt\ /fli6«o ;xdltsf] gof“ ljsNk vf]Hg' ;aeGbf a'l4dfgL / k|hftflGqs k|of; x'g]5 .

d08n]x¿ /fi6«jfbL x'g ;Sb}gg\

– lgdsfGt kf08] –

cf7bnaf6 ;ftbn ag]sf xfnsf ;Qf ;+rfns bnx¿ hgtfdf cnf]slk|o aGb}5g\ / o;sf] k|ToIf–ck|ToIf kmfObf d08n]x¿n] lnb}5g\ eGg] s'/f 5n{Ë x'“b}5 . d}n] d08n]sf] JofVofleq /fhfjfbLx¿nfO{ dfq /fVg] u/]sf] 5}g . tL ;ftj6} bnx¿df klg d08n]x¿ xfjL 5g\ . d08n] eg]sf] /fhfn] h] u/] klg 7Ls b]Vg] / cfkm\gf kf6L{sf g]tfn] h] u/] klg 7Ls b]Vg] rl/q xf] . of] d08n] rl/qn] /fhfnfO{ t 8'afof] g} /fhgLlts bnx¿nfO{ klg 8'afpg] qmd hf/L 5 .

/fhtGqsf a]nf klg d'n'sdf d08n]tGq xfjL /x\of] . /fhfnfO{ 9fn agfP/ d08n]tGqn] d'n'sdf /fh u¥of] . /fli6«otf / hglhjLsfsf k|Zgx¿df /fhtGqfTds d08n]/fhn] b]vfPsf] csd{0otfn] g} d'n'snfO{ x/]s If]qdf sdhf]/ agfof] . /fhtGqtfTds d08n]/fhn] /fh;+:yfnfO{ klg sdhf]/ agfof], /fi6«nfO{ klg sdhf]/ agfof] / hgtfsf] hLjg:t/nfO{ klg sdhf]/ agfpg] sfd u¥of] . ;Lldt d08n]x¿dfq dfnfdfn x'g] l:yltn] /fhtGqfTds d08n]/fh cnf]slk|o ag]/ w/fzfoL x'g k'u]sf] xf] eGg] s'/f ;a}nfO{ :ki6 5 . /fhtGqfTds d08n]/fhsf] pkxf/sf ¿kdf g]kfn / ef/taLr ePsf] ;g\ !(^% sf] uf]Ko ;Demf}tf / sfnfkfgLdf ef/tn] ;}Go SofDk /fVg kfpg] ;xdlt ePsf x'g\ . oL b'O{j6f pkxf/x¿

/fhtGqfTds d08n]/fhsf /fi6«3ft x'g\ . hf] slxNo} klg kvfn]/ kvflng] 5}gg\ . g]skf
-dfcf]jfbL_ sf cWoIf sd/]8 k|r08n] /fhfsf jl/kl/ /x]sf /fi6«jfbLx¿nfO{ ;xsfo{sf lglDt cfx\jfg ug'{ePkl5 /fhtGqfTds d08n]/fhsf s]xL k"j{ k|zf;sx¿ nfd nfu]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] /fh;+:yfnfO{ ;Qf];/fk ub}{ sd/]8 k|r08sf] cfx\jfgdf yk8L ahfO/x]sf 5g\ . x]Ssf /xf];\ k+rfotsfnsf k|zf;sx¿ s;}n] klg /fhfsf g/fd|f sfdx¿sf] cfnf]rgf slxNo} u/]gg\ / logLx¿n] sd/]8 k|r08x¿af6 ePsf / eljiodf x'g] uNtL / sdhf]/LnfO{ klg yk8L ahfP/ ;dy{g hgfpg] 5g\ . clg cfk|jf;Lsf gfddf nfvf}+ ljb]zLnfO{ g]kfnL gful/stf ljt/0f ul/Psf h:tf unt sfo{x¿n] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{nfO{ /fi6«3fts} kblrGxdf pT;flxt u/fpg] 5g\ .

/fhtGqfTds d08n]/fhn] yf]k/]sf] /fi6«3ftnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] sfddf Pdfn] / sf+u|];n] ;a}nfO{ pl5g]sf 5g\ . Pdfn] / sf+u|]; kf6L{leqsf d08n]x¿n] dxfsfnL ;GwLnfO{ /ftf/ft kfl/t u/]/ ef/tnfO{ v';L t'NofPsf x'g\ . ef/tnfO{ v'zL t'Nofpg Pdfn] / sf+u|];n] gful/stf ljw]os kfl/t u/fpg ;s];Ddsf] s;/t u/]sf x'g\ . k/Gt' Pdfn] / sf+u|];leqsf d08n]x¿n] tL kf6L{sf g]tfx¿sf] /fi6« lj?4sf] uNtLnfO{ /fhtGqfTds d08n]/fhsf d08n]x¿n] em+} NofKr] nufpg] sfd u/]sf x'g\ .

kl5Nnf] r/0fdf cfP/ /fli6«otfsf] d'2fnfO{ ;+u7g lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/ agfP/ d'n'ssf] lg0ff{os zlQm aGg k'u]sf] g]skf
-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g]t[Tj k+lQm klg afn'jf6f/ k|j]z;“u} /fi6«3ftsf] dltof/ aGg k'Uof] . dfcf]jfbL kf6L{leqsf d08n]x¿n] g]t[Tj k+lQmsf] /fi6«3ftnfO{ yk8L ahfP/ ;dy{g u/] eg] Toxf“leqsf b]zeQmx¿n] /fi6«3ftnfO{ ;dod} 7Dofpg ;s]gg\ .

ljut aL; dlxgfotf ;ft /fhgLlts bnx¿n] /fh;+:yfsf] h/f] xNnfO/x]sf 5g\ . k/Gt' /fi6«3ftsf] af6f]df /fhtGqfTds d08n]/fh / Pdfn]–sf+u|];sf] afx|jif]{ c;kmn/fhnfO{ k5\ofO/x]sf 5g\ . of] l:yltn] dfcf]jfbLsf] uGtJo cnf]slk|otflt/ pGd'v ePsf] b]vfO/x]sf] 5 . /fhtGqfTds d08n]/fhsf xtf{stf{x¿nfO{ dfcf]jfbL kf6L{df x'Ng] of]hgfsf ;fy ePsf] sd/]8 k|r08sf] cfx\jfgdf /fh;+:yfnfO{ c;kmn / cnf]slk|o u/fpg ;kmn ePsf kfqx¿g} nfjfn:s/ nfUg] qmd ;'? e};s]sf] 5 .

/fhtGqfTds d08n]/fhsf xtf{stf{x¿n] /fli6«otfsf] kIfdf slxNo} klg xf]l;of/L ckgfPsf] Oltxf; 5}g . logLx¿n] dft[sf / jLkL sf]O/fnfsf sfo{sfndf ef/tl;t ePsf u08sL / sf]zL ;Demf}tfsf] lj/f]w u/]/ /fi6«jfbL ePsf] dx;'; u/] . k+rfotsfnd} ePsf ;g\ !(^% / sfnfkfgLdf ef/tLo ;}Go SofDk :yfkgfsf ;fy} t/fO{ If]qdf ef/tkIfaf6 ePsf bh{gf}+ 7fp“x¿sf ;Ldf cltqmd0fk|lt logLx¿ df}g a;]/ /fi6«3ft u/]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjn] afn'jf6f/df k|j]z;“u} gful/stf sf08af6 /fi6«3ftsf] z'?jft u/]kl5 g} /fhtGqfTds d08n]/fhsf xtf{stf{x¿nfO{ Tof] kf6L{df k|j]zsf] af6f] v'Ng] cg'dfg b]zeQmx¿n] u/]sf lyP . Tof] cg'dfg ca oyfy{df kl/0ft x'“b}5 .

r'gfjn] u[xo'4 lgDTofpg] vt/f

– rGb|k|sfz aflgof“ –

;ftbnLo u7aGwgn] sf7df8f}+af6 ;'? u/]sf] ;+o'Qm r'gfjL cfd;efsf] cfof]hgf lj/f6gu/ x'“b} e}/xjf;Dd k'Uof] . lgjf{rgsf] tof/Lsf lgldQ ;ftbnsf tkm{af6 7f]lsg yfn]sf] of] …s6'jfn] bdfxfÚ sf] cfjfh DofUbLlt/ klg ;'lgg yfn]sf] 5, ;fob . cfhsfn 3/fo;L Jojxf/sf l;nl;nfdf Totfaf6 cfpg] x/]s Oi6ldq cfkmGtx¿sf kmf]gsnx¿df ;+rf] lj;+rf]sf] cf}krfl/s ;f]wk'5;“u csf]{ of}6f lh1f;f klg clgjfo{ ¿kdf ylkg yfn]sf] 5 . ;a}h;f] cfkmGtx¿sf] of}6} lh1f;f /xG5 …;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg x'g] g} xf]nf Sof/], lhNnflt/ kms{g] xf]Og / <†Ú

xf] t gL u[x lhNnflt/ guPsf] klg k'/fk'/ @ jif{ e};s]sf] 5 . h]7, c;f/ jf d+l;/df lgjf{rg e}lbPsf eP cfkm\gf] cledt JoQm ug{ -dt v;fNg_ cjZo uO{bf] xf] . ljleGg axfgfdf lgjf{rgsf] ldlt k/;b}{ hf“bf d]/f Oi6ldqx¿;“u e]63f6 / enfs';f/L ug]{ :jfefljs cj;/x¿ 6b}}{ k/;b}{ uP . o;k6s k'/fgf] k|j[lQsf] k'g/fj[lQ ePg5 eg] O{i6ldq, bfh'efO / gftfuf]tf cfkmGtx¿;“u cjZo e]63f6 x'g] g} 5 . sd;] sd To:tf] cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ lhNnf kms{g] ;fOt lgjf{rgsf lgldQ tf]lsPsf] ldltnfO{ g} dfGg] xf] eg] Sof xf], s;f] xf] eGg} k5{ . cyf{t o;k6s klg lgjf{rg e}xfN5 eg]/ 9'Ss;“u eGg ;lsb}g . t}klg z'esf] cfzf ug}{ k5{, ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 / ;a};“u ca rf8} e]63f6 x'g] 5Ú eGg] ul/Psf] 5 .

;+ljwfgdf ul/Psf] t];|f] ;+zf]wgn] klg dw];sf] lrQ /dfPsf] 5}g . gof“ k'/fgf / ;+ej c;Dej dfux¿ cl3 ;f/]/ l;+u} dw]; km]l/

klg ;8sdf pqg] tof/Ldf nfu]sf] 5 . ;z:q ;d"xx¿sf] ;+Vof b'O{bh{g gfl3;Sof] / ltgLx¿sf lx+;fTds ultljlwdf /lQe/ sld cfPsf] 5}g . p;f] t t/fO{sf] s'grfxL ;d"xnfO{ lgz:q / s'g rfxL ;d"xnfO{ ;z:q eg]/ ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 / < lgz:q /fhgLlts ;d"xsf] ¿kdf hGdlnPsf] t/fO{ hgclwsf/ kmf]/dn] lx+;fsf ;a} k'/fgf sLlt{dfgx¿ tf]8\g] u/L uf}/ xTofsf08 d+rg u/]s} xf] . /fh]Gb| dxtf]n] g]t[Tj u/]sf] ljb|f]xL ;b\efjgfn] klg …t/fO{ aflxgLÚ gfdsf] n8fs'b:tf u7g ug{ yfn]sf] s'/f ;fj{hlgs ePs} xf] . a]n}df t/fO{sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ul/Pg eg] ljho uR5bf/x¿n] klg …dxGy kyÚ sf] cg'z/0f ug{ ;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{ OGsf/ ug{ ;lsb}g .

zflGtdGqLn] dxGy 7fs'/nfO{ jftf{sf lgldQ lgDtf] k7fP5g\ . …9f6sf] lgDtf] vfO{ kTofpg'Ú eg]/ xf]nf lgDtf] :jLs[t eP5 . jftf{ xf]nf . ;xdlt klg ul/Pnf t/ ;xdlt sfof{Gjog x'G5 eGg] Uof/]G6L s] 5 / < g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] d'Vo ;d:of g} ToxL /x“b} cfPsf] 5 . ;Demf}tf / ;dembf/Lx¿ ;lhn} x'G5 . jftf{df a;]kl5 g]tfx¿sf] rf]rf]df]rf] ldlnxfN5 . la8Dagf t s] /xg] u/]sf] 5 eg] ;Demf}tfsf] d;L ;'Sbf g;'Sb} ;a}n] cf–cfkm\gf k|lta4tf e';'Ss lal;{lbG5g\ . clg ;d:of hxf“sf] t“xL /xG5 . p;} klg xfd|f zflGt dGqLsf] rl/q ljlrqsf] 5 . pgn] ;Dxfn]sf] dGqfno zflGt dGqfno xf] ls …ufnL dGqfnoÚ xf] s'GgL < d+r / dfOs ;dft]kl5 xfd|f dGqL dxfb]onfO{ s;} g s;}nfO{ ufnL ug}{ k5{ . clnstf ld7f], dl;gf] / s'6gLlts efiff af]Ng t pgnfO{ cfp“b} cfp“b}g . To;dfly yk dxGy 7fs'/ ca PSn} 5}gg\ . pgL;“u lxhf] xfd|f zflGt dGqLaf6 wf]sf vfO;s]sf pk]Gb| ofbjx¿ klg uf]naGb ePsf 5g\ . Tolta]nf kmf]/d / zflGt dGqLaLr ePsf] ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog t ePg, ePg, pN6f] kmf]/dnfO{ b'O{ ºofs kfg]{ dfWod dfq} aGof] . ptf hghflt dxf;+3n] klg wf]sf vfof] . hghfltsf k|ltlglw / zflGt dGqfnoaLr ePsf ;Demf}tfsf] hfgsf/L k|wfgdGqLnfO{ ;d]t g/x]sf] -glbOPsf]_ nfhdbf]{ s'/f ;fj{hlgs ePs} xf] . km]l/ klg JolQm pg} x'g\, rl/q pxL xf], jftf{n] ;d:of ;lN6G5 eGg] ljZjf; ul/xfNg] cfwf/ s] 5 / <

plta]nf xfd|f zflGt dGqLn] zflGt :yfkgfsf lgldQ xf]Og cfGbf]ng/t kIfnfO{ cNdNofpg], yªGofpg] / e"nfpg] lgot /fv]sf /x]5g\ . jftf{ of}6f gf6s lyof], km/]a lyof] / hfn;fhL lyof] . km'6fpg] /sdL rfnf lyof] ls eGg] z+sf t/fO{jf;Lsf dgdf cjZo p7fO{ lbPsf] x'g'k5{ . lxhf]sf ;Demf}tfdf OdfGbfl/tf b]vfpg c;dy{ pg} dGqLn] t/fO{nfO{ k'gM jftf{sf nflu lgdGq0ff k7fpg' csf]{ s'g} gof“ hfn;fhL k|k~rsf] tfgfafgfsf] ¿kdf t/fO{ galgb]nf eGg ;lsb}g . ;f“Rr} t/fO{ ;d:ofk|lt ;/sf/ ;Da]bgzLn /x]s} xf] eg] t/fO{;“u jftf{ cl3 ;ftbnLo g]t[Tjn] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf t/fO{nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{k5{ . ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{sf lglDt :jo+ k|wfgdGqLn] g} jftf{sf] kxn ug'{k5{ .

lx+;faf6 d'n's ljrlnt e};s]sf] 5 . lgjf{rgn] d'n'sdf zflGt :yflkt ug'{k5{ . lgjf{rgsf] yk lx+;f a9fpg] kl/l:ylt l;h{gf eof] eg] csf]{ b'ef{Uo x'g]5 . lgs6 ljutsf] of}6} 36gfn] d'n'sdf yk lx+;fsf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f x'g] kl/l:yltsf] sf/s :jo+ ;/sf/ g} aGg] xf] ls eGg] cfz+sf hgtfdf pTkGg ePsf] 5 . ;]gfkltn] dof{bfsf] cf7f] ;f“w ;Ldfgf ldr]/ af]N5g\ / To;nfO{ k|wfgdGqLn] ;dy{g u5{g\ . ;ftbnsf lzif{ g]tfx¿n] k6Ss} lkR5] af]nL km]5{g\ . wldlnPsf] jftfj/0f ;“uNofpg'sf] ;§f cem wldNofpg k|oTg ul/G5g\ . To;dfly yk ;ftbn / ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 olta]nf ;fj{hlgs x'g] u/]sf] …h;/L klgÚ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg] ;femf …y]uf]Ú n] /fd|f] nIf0f b]vfpb}g . g]tfx¿sf] af]Ng] 9+u dfq} gk'u]sf] xf] ls lgot g} To:tf] xf] s'GgL < ;ftbnsf tkm{af6 olta]nf elgg'kg]{ af]lng' kg]{ s'/f t cf;Gg lgjf{rgsf nflu pko'Qm jftfj/0f h'g;'s} d"No lgdf{0f ul/g] kf] x'g'kg]{ xf] . pko'Qm jftfj/0f lgdf{0f gu/L ul/g] lgjf{rgn] d'n'snfO{ yk ;+s6sf] e"d/Ldf ws]Ng] 5 . a9\bf] lx+;fn] u[xo'4 lgDTofpg] dfq} xf]Og d'n'ssf] cv08tfdf g} cf“r cfpg ;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{ ;d]t b]vfGb]lv -ghc{Gbfh_ ug{ ;lsb}g .

d'n's lbgfg'lbg xTof, ckx/0f, aGb / cJoj:yfsf] rk]6fdf km:b} uPsf] 5 . ;ftbnnfO{ r'gf}tL lbg]u/L ;+o'Qm ¿kdf cfof]lht cfd;ef:yn j/k/ jd lj:kmf]6gsf 36gf x'G5g\ . t/fO{df an]sf] cfuf] glgefO{sg tf]lsPsf] ;dodf lgjf{rg ;DkGg xf]nf eGg ;lsb}g . dnfO{ klg O{i6ldq cfkmGthgx¿;“u lgjf{rgs} lgx'“df e]6\g] dg t lyof] t/ o;/L t s;/L To:tf] ;fO{t h'nf{ / <† ;do cem} lalt;s]sf] 5}g . kl/l:ylt ;'w|]nf / cfkm\gf] cledt JoQm ug]{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf ;xefuL aGg kfO{of];\ eg]/ sfdgf ub}{ u/f}+ .

cf8jf0fLsf] cleJolQm / ;ftbnsf] df}gtf

s]kL lwtfn

Ps;ftf eGbf cl3, cyf{t cl3Nnf] a'waf/ ef/tsf] k|d'vbn ef/tLo hgtf kf6L{sf g]tf nfns[i0f cf8jf0fLn] g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df h] h:tf cleJolQm lbP, To;n] lglZrt ul/lbPsf] 5 ls ef/tLo ;/sf/sf] e"ldsfs} sf/0f g]kfndf )^@÷)^# sf] hgcfGbf]ng ePsf] lyof] / g]kfnnfO{ wd{ lg/k]If agfpg] / u0ftGqsf] lbzfdf 3r]6\g] sfd klg ef/t ;/sf/s} ;xof]udf ePsf x'g\ . cfZro{sf] s'/f t s] 5 eg] g]tf nfns[i0f cf8jf0fLn] g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df h] h:tf cleJolQm lbP To;sf] k|ltjfbdf dfcf]jfbL ;lxtsf] ;ftbnsf] s'g} klg g]tf r'“ ;Dd klg af]n]g . cflv/ lsg <

nfns[i0f cf8jf0fL ef/tsf] cfufdL k|wfgdGqL x'g\ . efhkfn] xfn} ;DkGg /fHo lgjf{rgx¿df b]vfPsf pTs[i6 kl/0ffdx¿n] p;nfO{ lgs6 eljiodf x'g] ;+;bLo lgjf{rgdf ax'dtdf k'¥ofp“b}5 / pgsf] kf6L{n] pgnfO{ efjL k|wfgdGqLsf] ¿kdf cl3 ;fl/;s]sf] 5 . To;sf/0f :juL{o rGb| z]v/x¿ jf jt{dfgsf ;Ltf/fd or'/Lx¿sf] h:tf] dfq} pgsf] :yfg 5}g, pgsf ljrf/x¿n] ef/t ;/sf/sf gLltx¿nfO{ uDeL/ ¿kn] k|efljt u5{g\ eGg] s'/f k|i6 5 . ef/tLo hgtf kf6L{sf csf{ jl/i7 g]tf h;jGt l;+xn] gfd lbP h:t} dgdf]xg l;+xsf] …c;/sf/Ú n] pgsf k|Zgx¿sf] hjfkm lbg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g g}, oxf“sf] ;ft bnLo u7aGwgn] klg pgsf k|i6 / s7f]/ cleJolQmx¿sf] af/]df cfh;Dd s'g} k|ltlqmof lbg ;s]sf] 5}g .

s] eg] cf8jf0fLn] < ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 . ef/t ;/sf/sf] unt gLlts} sf/0f g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf jfdkGyLx¿ xfjL eP, ef/t ;/sf/n] klg g]kfn dfldnfdf dWo:ytf ug{ jfdkGyLx¿nfO{ g} v6fof], ;+;baf6} u0ftGq 3f]if0ff ug]{ / ;+;f/sf] Psdfq cnf}lss lxGb' clw/fHonfO{ wd{ lg/k]If 3f]if0ff u/fpg] h:tf sfdx¿ u/]/ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o Pstf, cv08tf / ;fj{ef}ldstf ;d]t cl:y/ aGg k'u]sf] 5 . pgn] ef/t ;/sf/nfO{ O+lut ub}{ oxf“;Dd eg] ls s] ltdLx¿ kfls:tfg jf a+unfb]zsf] O:nflds u0ftGqnfO{ vf/]h ug{ ;S5f}+ < g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s dfldnfdf ljut 8]9 jif{ otf e}/x]sf c:jfefljs / c;fdfGo kl/jt{gx¿nfO{ lnP/ pgn] cd]l/sfnfO{ ;d]t bf]ifL …s/f/Ú ul/lbP .

ef/tLo hgtf kf6L{, ef/tdf cfkm} /fi6«jfbL kf6L{sf] ¿kdf lrlgG5 . xhf/f}+ jif{cl3 b]lv dxfg Clif d'gL / tk:jLx¿n] :yflkt u/]sf ljrf/ / ;+:sf/x¿sf] w/f]x/ …ef/tÚ sf] cfbz{nfO{ k'g:yf{lkt ug{ ef/tLo hgtf kf6L{ s[t;+slNkt b]lvPsf] 5 . k|foM g]x¿ ufGwL kl/jf/åf/f zfl;t /x“b} cfPsf] ef/t ;/sf/ cfkm\gf ;a} h;f] l5d]sLx¿;“u b'Jo{jxf/ ul//x]sf] x'G5 . rLg / kfls:tfg;“u p;sf] hGdhft h:t} b'ZdgL /x]sf] t 5“b} 5, cfkm}mn] 6'qmofP/ NofPsf] a+unfb]z ;d]t p;sf] x'g ;s]g . >Ln+sfdf cfkm} GofofwLz aGg vf]h]/, p;n] u'dfpg' k/]sf] ljZjf; ;DejtM tfldn / l;+xfnL b'a}df slxNo} kms{b}g . t/ ha–ha ef/tdf s'g} u}/ sf+u|];L ;/sf/ aG5 / Toxf“ ef/tLo hgtf kf6L{sf] e"ldsf dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 Tof] a]nf p;sf l5d]sLx¿ a9L cfZj:t b]lvPsf x'G5g\ . ef/tsf] efjL ;/sf/ o:t} xf]nf eg]/ cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 .

nfns[i0f cf8jf0fLn] Toxf“sf] Ps b}lgs klqsfåf/f cfof]lht ljz]if k|jrgdf g]kfnn] lnO/x]sf] /fhgLlts lbzf k|lt s8f c;xdlt hgfp“b} JoQm u/]sf ljrf/x¿k|lt ;ftbnsf g]tfx¿ lsg k|ltlqmofljxLg eP/ a;]sf 5g\ < o;sf] hjfkm vf]tNg' cfh cfjZos ePsf] 5 . ;DejtM o;sf] Pp6f dfq / v'Nnf hjfkm xf]– g]kfnsf] jt{dfg nf]stGq ef/t ;/sf/sf] …gfhfohÚ pkxf/ xf] . of] s'g} cfj]u, pQ]hgf jf abnfsf] efjgfn] k|]l/t ef/t ;/sf/sf] …gfhfohÚ pkh xf] . x}g eg] ;ftbnn] anft :yflkt ug{ rfx]sf] wd{ lg/k]Iftf / u0ftGq h:tf ljifox¿ ef/tnfO{ dfGo x'g ;Sb}gg\ egL Toxf“sf Ps clt k|efjzfnL g]tfn] lbPsf] cleJolQmk|lt :jo+ k|wffdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, lxhf] cfh /fi6«jfbsf] jsfnt ub}{ cfO/x]sf dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08 / Pdfn] dxf;lrj dfwj g]kfn lsg df}g 5g t <

o;df s'g} z+sf 5}g ls ;ftbnsf jt{dfg g]tfx¿ hDd} h;f] ef/tsf eQfjfnx¿ x'g\ . :jo+ sltko dfcf]jfbLx¿ klg o;df kb{5g\ . ef/tsf] g]kfn gLltsf afxsx¿ klg pg}x¿ x'g\ . ef/tn] 9'+uf xfg eG5 pgLx¿ 9'+uf xflglbG5g\, ef/tn] 8'Ëf tf/ eG5 pgLx¿ 8'Ëf tfl/lbG5g\, o:t} 5 ;ft bnjfnfx¿sf] ;fj{ef}ldstf . pgLx¿eGbf t /fhfjfbLx¿ w]/} ljZjfl;nf b]lvP . df}sf k/] pgLx¿ ef/t;“u 5ftL tfg]/ a;], cfkm\gf cf:yf / ljZjf;sf lj?4 ;Demf}tf u/]gg\ . k6s–k6ssf leGg–leGg gfsfjGbLx¿sf sf/0f b]zdf ePsf /fhgLlts kl/jt{gsf 36gfx¿nfO{ o;} kl/k|]Ifdf x]g{ ;lsG5 .

nfns[i0f cf8jf0fLn] ef/t kf]lift nf]stGqsf] kfv08kgnfO{ dfq ntf/]gg\ pgn] o; cl3 s'g} ef/tLo g]tfn] klg JoQm gu/]sf] g]kfnsf] /fli6«o Pstf, cv08tf / ;fj{ef}ldstfsf] vf“rf]nfO{ klg cf}+NofPsf 5g\ . ;ftbns} s]xL g]tfx¿n] cf}+nf 6f]s]/ of] ;dfrf/ k9]sf eP klg ef/tLo hgtf kf6L{n] g]kfnL hgtfaLr ljZjf; sfod ug{ k|of; u/]sf] k|i6} b]lvG5 . bnx¿nfO{ c;kmn agfpg] / g]kfnsf] /fhgLltnfO{ cl:y/ t'NofO{ To;af6 gfhfoh kmfObf p7fpg] k/Dk/f lj?4 cf8jf0Lsf] of] cleJolQm cfPsf] b]lvG5 . x'g klg @)$^ ;fn / @)^@÷)^# ;fnsf b'a} hgcfGbf]ngdf ef/tn] lgefPsf] gf+uf] e"ldsfsf sf/0f klg g]kfnL hgtfaLr ef/t abgfd 5 . /fhfnfO{ s}bL agfpg kfO{of] eg]/ ef/tsf] sf+u|]; jfdkGyL -o"lkP_ u7aGwg w]/} v';L x'g] cj:yf lsg klg 5}g eg] g]kfnL hgdfg;df ef/t cfh hlt abgfd 5, Oltxf;d} sxLNo} olt abgfd lyPg . g]kfnsf] ;Qfdf ef/tLo Ph]G6x¿ …sfljhÚ x'g ;S5g\ t/ g]kfnL hgtfdf ef/tk|lt clxn] hlt w]/} 3[0ff JofKt 5 ;DejtM Tof] Oltxf;df slxNo} lyPg . ;fob nfs[i0f cf8jf0fLnfO{ of] dxŒjk"0f{ k|Zgn] 5f]Psf] x'g'k5{ . elgG5 klg /fhgLlt1x¿ cfhsf] lrGtf u5{g\ t/ /fhg]tfx¿ eljiosf] af/]df lrGtg u5{g\ .

h] xf];\, xfdLn] xfd|f ;d:ofx¿nfO{ cfkm} ;dfwfg ug{ ;s]gf}+, ljb]zL u'xfg]{ k/Dk/f a;fNof}+ . xfd|f] b]zsf] cfGtl/s dfldnfdf x:tIf]k ug{ cfp“bf klg To;nfO{ ldqsf] ;xof]u eGof}+ . cyf{t\ xfdLn] l;km{ ;Qf :jfy{s} nflu sfn kNsfof}+ / o;nfO{ …efOrf/fÚ eGof} . oxL sfn ef]ln ;ftbnsf] lrxfg vGg cfp“b}5 eGg] lglZrt e};s]sf] 5, To;kl5 s] x'g] xf] ef]ln g} rrf{ u/f}+nf . t/ s] s'/f kSsf xf] eg] cfh h;/L OlG8ofsf] sf8{df nf]stGq gflr/x]sf] 5, ef]ln csf]{ s'g} sf8{ /fhgLltdf k|of]u eof] eg] klg Tof] s'g} cfZro{ x'g] 5}g . g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf bnx¿n] a;fn]sf] ;a}eGbf ck/flws ;+:sf/ g} oxL aGof] .

cfª sGofpg' ck/fw} xf] t <

8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{{+

d}n] Psrf]l6 c;x\o eP/ cfkm\gf] cfª sGofP“ . d]/f ;fyLx¿n] t'?Gt} d]/f] s7fnf] ;dft] . To;/L ;a}n] b]Vg] u/L cfª sGofpg' :yflkt dof{bf ljk/Lt cfr/0f eP5 . cfkm\gf] 3/leq jf sf]7fleq rflx+ hlt sGofP klg x'G5 /], t/ 3/aflx/ sGofpbf s'nsf] OHht hfG5 /] † vf;u/L j|fx\d0fx¿n] t To;f] ug}{ x'“b}g /] †

To;f] t d}n] klg cln hfGg] ;'Gg] ePkl5 3/leq / 3/aflx/sf] bf]xf]/f] dfGotfnfO{ cg';/0f ug]{ hdsf]{ gu/]sf] xf]Og . t/ xfd|f af olt PstGqL ldhf;sf kl/lbP ls 3/leqsf] sGofpg] 7fp“sf] klg ;Ldf af“Wbf–af“Wbf Jojxfl/s ¿kdf sGofpg] s'g} 7fp“ g} af“sL /x]g . km]l/ xfdL h:tf ;fj{hlgs sfddf nflu/xg]n] sGofpg 3/leq} bu'l//xg' kg]{ s'/fsf] cf}lrTo klg d}n] 7Dofpg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .

lrnfpg' eg]sf] z/L/df ljBdfg kmf]xf]/ d}nfaf6 pTkGg ljs[ltsf] ;"rs xf] . To;}n] sGofpg' Tof] kmf]x/sf] ljBdfgtfsf] :jLsf/f]lQm dfq} xf], ;dfwfg xf]Og . ;dfwfg t kmf]xf]/d}nf lgvfg]{ u/L g'xfpg' xf] . cem} Tof] lrNnfx6 /f]uAofwL s} ;"rs /x]5 eg] cf}ifwLd"nf] ug'{ cyjf lr/kmf/;Dd ug'{ xf] .

t}klg lrnfpg'sf] klxnf] k|ltlqmof sGofpg' g} xf] . sGofpg g} lxlRsrfof}+ jf lgif]w ug{ nfUof}+ eg] To;kl5sf k|lt/f]wfTds sfo{ s;/L ug{ ;lsPnf < km]l/ gsGofp“b}df lrnfpg 5f]8\nf / < a? To;n] emg\ a9L ljs[t ¿k lng ;S5 .

csf]{lt/, of] c?n] gb]Vg] u/L rflx+ sGofpg' x'G5 eGg] egfO{ klg Tolt o'lQm;+ut nfUb}g . …cfª sGofP/ 5f/f]Ú eGg] k/Dk/fut pvfgdf cfwfl/t of] l;4fGt To;} klg lj/f]wfef;k"0f{ b]lvG5 . cfª sGofP kl5 5f/f] p8\5 eGg] hfGbf hfGb} …cfª t sGofpm t/ 5f/f] gp8fpmÚ eGg' a7\ofO“k"0f{ tl/sfn] cfª gsGofpm eGg' g} xf] . o:tf] 5nsk6k"0f{ k'/ftg dfGotf clxn]sf] j}1flgs o'udf cg';/0f ug'{ slQsf] hfoh xf] ljrf/0fLo 5 .

xf], sGofpg] sfo{ Tolt zf]egLo / lzi6 rflx+ xf]Og . t/ sGofpgdf aGb]h nufpg' eGbf lrnfpg] jftfj/0f g} l;h{gf x'g glbg' a9L a'l4dtfk"0f{ xf]Og / <To;sf] lglDt ;a}n] lgoldt ¿kdf g'xfpg' k5{ . ;fy} g'xfp“bf don lgv«g] u/L g'xfpg' k5{ / g'xfpg] ;fa'g /fd|f] / kfgL ;kmf x'g'k5{ .

t/ xfdLdWo] sltn] /fd|/L g'xfp“5f}+ < xfdL cfkm"nfO{ hGdhft a|fx\d0f eGg]x¿s} g'xfO g} n'Rrf] / 5nL k|sf/sf] 5 . Ps c~h'nL kfgL s08f] g3fP/ kfvfdf ºofSg' / j/k/ 5/l5d]s ;a}n] ;'Gg]u/L …x/u+u], x/ sfzLÚ kmnfSg' xfd|f] g'xfO{sf] lbgrof{ alg;s]sf] 5 . csf]{lt/, xfdLn] k|of]u ug]{ kfgL lji6f ldl;Psf] eGg] cflwsfl/s ¿kdf k'li6 e};s]sf] 5 .

o;/L g'xfPsf] clego ub}{df / xfdL hGdhft a|fx\d0f x'“b}df xfd|f] z/L/df kmf]x/ y'k|g 5f]8\nf t † ha;Dd z/L/df kmf]xf]/ y'lk|/xG5, ta;Dd z/L/ lrnfO/xG5, z/L/ lrnfO/x];Dd sGofO/xg} k5{ . of] k|s[ltsf] lgod xf] .

gsGofpg] cfb]z lbg / sGofpg]nfO{ b08 lbg ;lsG5, t/ To;n] lrnfpg] k|lqmof /f]lsGg . k|fs[lts lgod s;}sf] x's'dL cfb]zn] /f]lsGg jf ablnGg . ;+;f/sf] clxn];Ddsf] Oltxf;nfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] h;n] k|s[ltsf] lgodnfO{ a'em]/ To;nfO{ cfTd;ft ug]{ ljlw ckgfof] To;n] ljsf; u/]sf] / cfkm\gf] hfltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] b]lvG5 eg] h;n] d'9fu«xL tl/sfn] k|fs[lts lgod s'Nrg] jf gh/cGbfh ug]{ 3[i6tf u/]sf] 5 To;sf] ljgf; ePsf] 5 .

To;}n] olta]nf d a9L c;d~h;df k/]sf] 5' . z/L/ vKg} g;Sg] u/L lrnfO/x]5 t/ sGofpgdf aGb]h 5 . sGofp“ :yflkt dof{bfsf] pNn+3g x'g], gsGofp“ z/L/ emg\ ljs[ltu|:t x'g] † km]l/ ;8sdf hGd]/ ;8sd} x's]{sf] dflg; hgtfsf] cf“vf 5n]/ cfª sGofpg s'g s'gfdf k;'“ †

cflv/ cfkm\gf] cfª sGofpg' ck/fw} xf] t <

-Hjfnf ;fKtflxs jif{ !(, c+s #, @)$^ sflt{s @$_

/fi6« ljv08gsf] s8L dfcf]jfbL / dw];L;“u
;LcfO{P klg ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf] kIfdf

u0f]z vqL

…Ps ;TonfO{ ;ohgfn] em"7 elglbP Tof] ztk|ltzt em"7 7xl/G5 .Ú Ps hd{g pvfg .

…ha wg af]Ng yfN5, ;To df}g /xG5 .,Ú k|frLg ?;L pvfg .

…df]n kfp k/fOsf]

/fli6«o efjgf Tofu]/ klg

lwSsf/ /fli6«o :jfledfgnfO{

cfkm\gf] :jfy{ gk'¥ofPkl5 .Ú jt{dfg g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] jf:tljstf .

dxfg\ o'4 g]tf cn]Sh]G8/ b u|]6, ;d|f6 czf]s, g]kf]lnog jf]gfkf6{, rlr{n, :6flngx¿, oxL wtL{df hGd] . x'g t cGo o'4 g]tf, ;}lgs lj1x¿ klg hGd] . t/, ;a}n] /fli6«o ;]gfsf] jf:tljs cjwf/0ff ;dfg ¿kn] cl3 ;f/]sf lyP . hasL Ps b'O{ afx]s o'4 g]tfx¿ clwsf+z nfdf] ;dosf] cGt/fn kl5 pbfPsf x'g\ .

cfh ;'gfd / b'gf{dsf] gfddf cyjf cg]sfjfbsf] gfp“df hlt /fhg]tfx¿ ljZjdf ulGtdf cfp“5g\, ;a};“u s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf b]zelQmkgsf] efjgf jf ;+3if{ hf]l8Ps} kfOG5 . dxfg\ hd{g /fi6«jfbL g]tf ºo"x// P8f]Nkm lx6n/nfO{ cfhsf] ;'uf /6fO{ z}nLsf] ljZj /fhgLlts Oltxf;n] z}tfg dfG5 . ptf k]?sf cNj6f]{ k"mhLdf]/L, hf] cfkm\gf] b]zsf] /fi6« k|d'vsf] kb ;Dxfn]sf] JolQmTj 5“bf 5“b} b]z 5f]8]/ efu] . p;nfO{ …dxfg k|hftGqjfbLÚ sf] rZdfn] x]5{ . clxn] ToxL Oltxf;sf] k'g/fudg tLj| ultdf a9\b}5, h;n] d';f]lngL h:tf b]zeQmnfO{ ;w}+ sfn} cfTdfsf] b]V5 / eLd;]g yfkf h:tf] /fli6«o u2f/nfO{ /fli6«o lje"lt dfG5 .

;/;tL{ k9\bf 5/kli6Psf oL k|;+ux¿sf] c+z pb[t ug'{sf] sf/0f jt{dfg g]kfnL /fhgLltn], /fli6«otf, ef]lnsf] cj:yf, cfO{kg]{ r'gf}tL / zlQm /fi6«sf] u'Kt v]nsf af/]df xf] . clGtd cj:yfdf /fi6«sf] d]?b08 ef“lrg nfu]sf] a]nfdf b]zeQm :jfledfgLx¿ o;tkm{ ;r]t gx'g] xf] eg] xfdLn] eofgs 7Ss/ afx]s c? vfg'kg]{ 5}g . x'g t g]kfnL :jfledfgL hfltsf] d/]sf] cfTdf hufpg Tof] 7Ss/ clt cfjZos g} eO{;s]sf] 5 . bf];|f] dxfo'4kl5 k/flht hfkfgL /fli6«o :jfledfg hfu] h:tf] nx8 olb s'g} /fli6«o b'3{6gf lagf g]kfnL hgtfdf hfu]g eg] kSsf 5 cfh cgldgsf] 7fp“df ef]ln /fi6« ;+3Lo zflGt ;]gf t}gfy x'g] 5 .

;fwf/0f efiffdf a'em\g' kg]{ s] xf] eg] k|frLg ljZjsf] /fhgLlts Oltxf;df /fhgLlts ;]gf /fli6«o ;]gfsf] c+z ePsf] kfOGg g t jt{dfg b'lgof“sf] Oltxf;df st} b]lvPsf] 5 g} . k|frLg bfz{lgs rf0fSosf cg';f/ ;]gf /fi6«sf] sjr xf], /fli6«o /fhgLltsf af/]df ts{ ljts{ ug]{ em'08 xf]Og . …/fHosf] ;xL gLltdf l6sf l6Kk0fL ug]{ ;]gfaf6 /fHosf] s"enf] x'G5 .,Ú dxlif{ z'qmn] eg]sf 5g\ .

glhs} Oltxf; x]/f}+– ;'jf; rGb| af];sf] cfhfb lxGb kmf}hn] ef/t eGg] b]z hGdfof] . t/, ;}lgs /0fgLltsf/x¿n] pQm kmf}hnfO{ /fli6«o ;]gfdf ;fd]n u/]gg\ . cd]l/sL :jtGqtf ;+u|fdsf of]4fnfO{ klg To:t} ul/of] . v'd]gLsf n8fs'nfO{ O/fgdf / ;2fd x';]gsf] jfy kf6L{sf kmf}hnfO{ dfq xf]Og u'na'l4g lxSdltof/sf d'hflxl4g kmf}hnfO{ ckmuflg:tfgdf To:t} ul/of] . o:tf hfaf] ;fgfltgf s'/fx¿ hfGbf hfGb}, a'em\bf a'em\b} lsg dfcf]jfbLx¿ cfh cfkm\gf n8fs"nfO{ g]kfnL ;]gfdf ;dfj]z ug'{k5{ eGg] gf/f cl3 ;fb}{ 5g\ < ljZjsf åGb lj1x¿sf] s] lgrf]8 5 eg] /fhgLlts lrGtg af]s]sf] ;d"xsf] hGd dfq ;]gfleq ePdf /fi6« ljv08gsf] jLpm ToxLaf6 hGdg] 5 . jt{dfg /fhgLlts kl/l:yltdf cGt/f{li6«o rnv]n / dfcf]jfbL xfpefp b]Vbf nfU5 dfcf]jfbLx¿ zlQm /fi6«sf] ljv08gsf/L uf]6L alg/x]sf 5g\ . jf:tljs pbfx/0fx¿ dgUu] 5g\ .

dflglnpm“ cfh dfcf]jfbL hg;]gf g]kfnL ;]gfdf ljno eof] . pm h:t} cf}sft lnP/ hGd]sf t/fO{sf kf}g] b'O{ bh{g ;z:qu'6x¿;“u jftf{ eO{ s'/f ldn]df ef]ln ltgnfO{ klg ;]gfdf ;dfof]hg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . To;kl5 g]kfnL ;]gfsf] cj:yf s:tf] x'G5 eGg] ;xh} cg'dfg nufpg ;lsG5 . ef/ts} csf]{ pbfx/0f x]/f}+ k"jL{ ef/tsf] ;z:q u'6 o'gfO6]8 lnj/]zg k|mG6 ckm c;d-pNkmf_ sf xhf/f}+ n8fs' ;+u7g 5f]8]/ cfP . t/ ;/sf/n] s;}nfO{ klg ;]gfdf /fv]g . ToxL ef/tLo bfgfkfgL / lgb]{zgdf ;+rflnt t/fO{sf ;z:q ;+u7gx¿ x/]s If]qdf ;dfg'kfltssf] s'/f p7fp“b}5g\ . dfcf]jfbLsf] gf/f xf]Og y]uf] g} alg;s]sf] 5 ;dfg'kflts eGg] . o; cy{df of] /fi6« ljv08gsf] k|d'v sf/s dlw;] / dfcf]jfbL aGg] b]lvG5 .

csf]{ s'/f dGb ultdf oxf“ p7fO{b}5–h;sf] AofVof xf]Og pbfx/0fx¿ k|:t't ug'{ sfkmL xf]nf .

rLgsf] af]cfcf] ;Dd]ngaf6 kms]{kl5 s] /x:o yfxf kfP/ xf] s'GgL ef/t / cd]l/sf /fhf jL/]Gb|dfly hfO{ nfUg yfn] . @)#)÷#@ ;fnsf] vDkf ljb|f]x bafPkl5 b'a} /fi6« leqL ¿kdf pgLk|lt cfqmf]lzt lyP . lsgsL To;a]nf …/Ú / ;LcfO{Pn] dgfª / d':tfª 6'qmfofP/ rLg lj?4 5fkfdf/ o'4 ;+rfng ug]{ k"0f{ tof/L ul/;s]sf lyP . t/, /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] sf/0f pQm of]hgf c;kmn eof] . ptf rLgaf6 kms]{kl5 pgLdfly ef/tLo / cd]l/sL b'tfjf; glhssf ;+rf/ dfWodn] dGb k|xf/ ug{ yfn] . o;}aLrdf b/af/ xTofsf08 eof] .

clxn] k|wfg;]gfklt ?Sdfªub s6jfn rLgaf6 kms]{kl5 lxhf] /fhf jL/]Gb|dfly ldYof cf/f]k nufpg] ltg} ;+rf/dfWodx¿ ;':t ultdf vlgb}5g\ . ts{sf] gfddf ts{ lems]/ k|xf/ x'g] qmd ;'? eO;s]sf] 5 . o;df Pp6f cg'dfg k|i6 ug{ ;lsG5 . Tof] xf] rLgnfO{ 3]g]{ cd]l/sL /0fgLltsf] ;fem]bf/ ef/t g]kfndf /fi6« / /fli6«otfk|lt jkmfbf/ ;}Go g]t[Tj rfxb}g . utjif{ ef/t / cd]l/sfaLr cf0fljs ;Demf}tf x'g', gGbfb]jL kj{tdfnfdf rLgnfO{ lgofNg] cd]l/sL ;+oGq /flvg' / g]kfnL ;]gfdf dfcf]jfbL n8fs' ;dfof]hg ug]{ af/]df tfls{stf k|:t't ug]{ ;]gfklt s6jfn lj?4 …/Ú ;LcfO{P glhssf ;+rf/dfWodx¿ vlgg' z'e nIf0f xf]Og . h;/L eP klg g]kfnL ;]gf sdhf]/ agfP/ p;sf] gfp“df rnv]n ub}{ rLg lj?4 lqmofzLn x'g] cd]l/sL bfp / ;}lgs If]q c:tJo:t agfO{ t/fO{nfO{ 6'qmofpg] ef/tLo ;kgf lj?4 xfdL ;r]t x'g' k/]sf] 5 . olb /fi6«n] xfdLnfO{ s] lbPsf] 5 eg]/ vf]Hg yfNb} ;r]t ePgf}+ eg] cfh xfdL geP klg ef]ln xfd|f] k':tfn] cf]9f/df ;d]t ;'/lIft jf; kfpg] 5}g . t/, Pp6f s'/f dgdf eg] /fVg} k5{–…ef/tLo xfjf jd / cd]l/sL wfjf jd g]kfnL wtL{df k8\sg ;Sg] 5}g, z/L/ sdhf]/ ePklg /fli6«o efjgfnfO{ s7f]/ kf/ rGb|;"o{ em08f sbfkL em'Sg] 5}g .Ú

g]kfnL rnlrqsf jf:tljs gfos t'n;L l3ld/]

k|df]b lwtfn

g]kfnL rnlrq pBf]un] y'k|} rnlrqsdL{x¿sf] pksf/ ul/;s]sf] 5 . clwsf+z rnlrqsdL{x¿n] rnlrq lgdf{0f ubf{ cfkm\gf] JolQmut :jfy{ k"/f ug{ cyjf cfkm\gf] rnlrqn] s;/L Joj;flos ;kmntf k|fKt u5{ elg rnlrq lgdf{0f u5{g\ eg], s]xL cf}+nfdf uGg ;lsg] rnlrqsdL{ klg o; If]qdf gePsf] xf]Og . h;n] cfkm"n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] rnlrqn] bz{sx¿nfO{ dgf]/~hg lbg'sf ;fy} /fi6«nfO{ klg k|ToIf ck|ToIf ¿kdf kmfObf k'¥ofO/x]sf x'G5g\ . h; dWo] lgb]{zs t'n;L l3ld/] klg k5{g\ . pgL g]kfnL rnlrq pBf]udf Pp6f o:tf JolQm x'g\ hf];“u rnlrqsf] af/]df h'g;'s} ljwfdf klg plQs} 1fg / l;k 5 . pgn] h'g ljwfnfO{ ;d]6]/ rnlrq lgdf{0f u5{g\ . To;nfO{ g]kfnL bz{sx¿n] ;lhn} :jLsf/L lbG5g\ . s';'d] ?dfn, lrgf], nfx'/], blIf0ff, alnbfg, b]ptf, bk{0f5fof nufotsf y'k|} 7"nfkbf{sf rnlrqx¿ / 6]lnrnlrq o;sf pbfx/0f x'g\ . To;}n] t pgL nfvf}+ g]kfnL bz{sx¿ dfemdf Pp6f bl/nf] lsNnf eP/ pleg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ .

O:jL ;+jt\ !(%! h'nfO{ !) tfl/vsf lbg lktf Wjhdfg tyf dftf gj{bf l3ld/]sf h]i7 ;'k'qsf ¿kdf ef/tsf] sflnªkf]ªdf hlGdPsf l3ld/]sf] k'Vof}{nL ynf] eg] wgs'6f xf] . clego ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy ;g\ !(&$ df aDaO{ k'u]sf l3ld/]n] aDa}af6 g} rnlrq ;DalGw ;Dk"0f{ 1fg a6'n]sf x'g\ . ;g\ !(*# df af“;'/L gfds rnlrq agfP/ g]kfnL rnlrq pBf]udf lgb]{zgsf] kfOnf xfn]sf x'g\ pgn] .

rnlrq af“;'/Lsf] ;kmntf kl5 gL/ zfxsf] af;'b]jdf ;Dkfbg / ljZj a:g]tsf] cGofodf lgb]{zg u/]kl5 pgL g]kfn lelqPsf x'g\ . ;g\ !(*% df pgn] s';'d] ?dfn gfds rnlrq agfP, h'g rnlrqn] g]kfnL rnlrqsf] Oltxf;df 5'§} 5fk 5f]8\g ;kmn eof] . g]kfnL rnlrqsf] Oltxf;df /ht dxf]T;j dgfpg] klxnf] P]ltxfl;s rnlrq aGg ;kmn eof] . To;kl5 nfx'/], lrgf] sf]z]nL, b'O{ yf]kf cf“;', ldtHo", blIf0ff, b]ptf /x/, ;fOt, alnbfg, bk{0f5fof, nxgf 6]lnrnlrq d'lQm h:tf /fd|f / bz{sx¿n] lgs} g} dg k/fPsf / Jojxfl/s b[li6sf]0fn] klg ;kmn elgPsf rnlrqx¿ pgn] o; pBf]udf hGdfP . To;}n] cfh klg pgL x/]s g]kfnL bz{sx¿sf] dgdl:tisdf a:g ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . g]kfnL rnlrq cfkm\g} ultn] al9/x]sf] ePtf klg o;n] cfkm\g} wf/ agfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .

ljb]zL rnlrqsf] ljz]if u/]/ lxGbL rnlrqsf] gSsn ug]{ afgL ePsf] o; If]qn] cfkm\gf] 5'§} klxrfg agfpg g;s]sf] pgsf] 7x/ 5 . g]kfndf lxGbL rnlrqsf] t'ngfdf g]kfnL rnlrqnfO{ bz{sx¿n] ?rfPsf] b]lvG5 . g]kfnL rnlrqn] xndf %! cf}+ lbg, ;o lbg dgfpg ;kmn ePsf] b]lvG5 . t/ lxGbL rnlrqx¿ clxn];Dd g]kfndf %! cf}+ lbg, ;o lbg dgfpg ;s]sf] b]lvb}g . lxGbL rnlrq hlt g} ;kmn eP klg Ps xKtf eGbf a9L l6s]sf] b]lvb}g . o;} sf/0f klg oxf“ g]kfnL rnlrqnfO{ bz{sx¿n] lgs} g} ?rfpg] u/]sf] k|i6 x'G5 .

g]kfnL rnlrq / lxGbL rnlrqdf sfd u/fO{df vf;} km/s gePsf] hgfpg] l3ld/]n], lxGbL rnlrqsf rnlrqsdL{x¿sf] t'ngfdf g]kfnL rnlrqsdL{x¿n] d]xgt sd ug]{ pgsf] syg 5 . ;a} snfsf/x¿sf] clego dg k/fpg] jl/i7 lgb]{zs l3ld/]n] km';{bsf] ;dodf 3/ kl/jf/;“u a:g ?rfp5g\ . pgn] cfkm" PSnf] ePsf] a]nf kqklqsf k9]/ km';{bsf] ;do latfp“5g\ .

gf/fo0f uf]kfn, uf]kfn of]~hg, c?0ff nfdf, aRr' s}nfzx¿sf] uLt ;'Gg ?rfpg] l3ld/] k|lt:kwf{ eGg] s'/f x/]s sfddf x'G5 / x'g' klg k5{ eGb5g\ . g]kfnL rnlrqdf klg k|lt:kwf{ lgs} 5 . / k|ltkwf{n] g} /fd|f] sfdsf] l;h{gf u5{ . s'g} klg If]qdf k|lt:kwf{ ePg eg] To; If]qdf x|f; cfp5 . To;}n] g]kfnL rnlrq pBf]udf k|lt:kwf{ x'g'kg]{ vf“rf] 5, –pgn] eg] . clego, uLt n]vg, k6syf ;+jfb n]vgsf cjfnf ;Dkfbg / 5fof+sgdf ;d]t plQs} s'zn bIftf ePsf l3ld/]n] g]kfnL bz{s / g]kfnL hgtfn] b]vfPsf] dfof / ;b\efj g} cfkm\gf] nflu ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;DklQ ;DemG5g\ . pgn] cfkm"n] tL g]kfnL bfh'efOsf] nflu s]xL klg ug{ g;s]sf] / s]xL lbg g;s]sf] hgfp“5g\ .

s]xL ;do cl3 k|bz{g ePsf] pgsf] rnlrq b'O{ lsgf/fn] pNn]vgLo Jofkf/ ug{ lsg g;s]sf] < eGg] k|Zgdf pQm rnlrqsf] k|bz{gdf tfnd]n gldn]sf] sf/0f ;f] rnlrqn] Joj;flos ;kmntf gkfPsf] pgn] eg] . g]kfnL rnlrqsf cnfjf lxGbL nufotsf ljb]zL rnlrqdf ;d]t sfd ul/;s]sf 5g\ . gof“ rnlrq b]zsf] k|bz{gsf] clGtd r/0fdf h'6]sf l3ld/] of] rnlrq ;d;fdlos ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t rnlrq xf] . dfG5] lsg ljb]z hfG5g\, dfG5] ljb]z hfg'sf] kL8f s] xf] < / lsg ljb]z hfgaf6 /f]Sg ;lsb}g nufotsf ljifonfO{ ljifoj:t' agfP/ lgdf{0f u/]sf] pQm rnlrq j}zfvsf] klxnf] ;ftfaf6} k|bz{gdf Nofpg] pgn] atfP .

;kmn lgb]{zssf] cu|k+lQmdf /x]sf lgb]{zs l3ld/]sf] lgb]{zgdf /fh]z xdfn, lglvn pk|]tL, lg?tf l;+x, d's'Gb >]i7, ldlynf zdf{ nufotsf snfsf/x¿sf] d'Vo e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . ;fgf] aRrfx¿sf] nflu lrN8«]g ldlndfsf] ;'l6Ëdf h'6]sf lgb]{zs l3ld/]sf] zf] rnlrq df3 !* ut] b]lv 5fof+sg x'g] ePsf] 5 . pgsf] cfpg nfu]sf] rnlrq b]z klg pgsf cl3Nnf rnlrqx¿ h:t} ;kmn eO{ bz{ssf] dfof w]/} eGbf w]/} kfpg xfd|f]] pgnfO{ z'esfdgf 5 .

dw]; e¥ofª gagf];\

/fdl/emg ofbj

sf7df8f}+df a;f]af; ul//x]sf sltko dw];Lx¿sf nflu t/fO{df clxn] h] eO/x]sf] 5 Tof] ?lrs/ x'g;Snf t/ dw];s} /}yfg]x¿sf nflu Tof] lbg k|ltlbg b'is/ ;fljt x'“b}5 . s/f]8f}+ vr{ u/]/ dw];df zflGt ;'/Iff sfod ug{ ;/sf/L 6f:s kmf];{ c;kmn x'“b} uP klg ;/sf/ o:t} cj:yfdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg p2t b]lvG5 . ev{/} dfq ;Kt/L dxfb]jfkf]tf{xsf /fhgLlts sfo{stf{ w/dlb; d08nsf] xTof ePsf] 5 . ;lrj of]u]Gb| ;fx ckx/0fdf k/]sf 5g\ . dw]; /fhgLltdf ;}4flGts tyf j}rfl/s s]Gb|sf] ¿kdf :yflkt l;/fxf tyf ;Kt/L lhNnfn] slxn] gef]u]sf] clgsfn ef]Ub}5 . ut jif{sf] k'; dlxgfb]lv uPsf] d;fGt;Dd b'a} lhNnfn] sl/a kf“r bh{g lhNnfjf;LnfO{ u'dfPsf 5g\ . slt ckx/0f ePsf 5g\, c+ue+u / dfgl;s k|tf8fgfsf] l;sf/ x'g]sf] syf cs}{ 5 . km]l/ klg Tof] 3fpdf dndk§L nufpg dw];sf dl;xfx¿n] Ps zAb vlr{b}gg\ . /, s'ln{G5g\– dw];nfO{ …>Ln+sf agfb]u]+Ú . >Ln+sfsf] eofex l:ylt ltgLx¿nfO{ yfxf gePsf] xf]Og . x'“bfx'“b} klg d'n'ssf] oyfy{nfO{ a'em\g g;Sg' xf] . vf;u/L /fhgLlt ck/flws/0fdf ¿kfGt/0f eO/x]sf] a]nf b]zL tyf ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿n] h;/L dw];df if8\oGqd"ns 9+uaf6 /fhgLlt ug]{ b'ik|of; ul//x]sf 5g\ To;n] dw];L g]tfx¿nfO{ ;r]t kfg'{kg]{ xf] t/, To;k|lt pgLx¿sf] k6Ss} Wofg uPsf] b]lv+b}g . d}n] o;f] n]lv/x“bf dw]; / dw];Lsf] dfuk|lt ljdtL hgfPsf] xf]Og . ;jfn olt xf] ls t/fO{ b]zL tyf ljb]zL zlQm :jfy{sf] e¥ofª gagf];\ eGg dfq vfh]sf] x'“ .

juL{o /fhgLltsf k|0f]tf dfS;{n] !(cf}+ ztfAbLsf] dWodf h]h:tf] eg]sf / n]v]sf lyP, To;n] ljZjnfO{ xNnfPsf] Oltxf; / jt{dfg ;+qmd0fsfnLg cj:yfsf] ;xfos sf/0f h] eP klg d"n sf/0f eg] ToxL xf] . t/, To;nfO{ :jLsf/ gug]{ v; cx+sf/jfbL sDo'lgi6 tyf dw];Lsf xfnsf g]tf pk]Gb| ofbjaLrdf s'g} tflTjs leGgtf kfO{b}g . lsgeg] Psn] sDo'lgi6sf] gfddf ;fdGtjfbnfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 eg] csf]{n] dw]; / dw];Lsf] gfddf s'g} g s'g} ¿kaf6 ;fdGtjfb / lj:tf/jfb b'a}nfO{ ;xof]u ul//x]sf] b]lvG5 . log} ;fdGtjfbL ;f]r / lj:tf/jfbL cjwf/0ffaLrsf] åGb g} xfnsf] dw];L /fhgLltdf snxsf] sf/0f aGg k'u]sf] 5 . dw]; / dw];LnfO{ ;xL 9+uaf6 kl/eflift ug{ g;Sg]x¿ ;fdfg'kflts k|0ffnLsf lj/f]wL x'g eg] To;nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ ldl>t k|0ffnLsf] /fhgLlt ug'{ eg]sf] ;fdGtjfb / lj:tf/jfb b'a}nfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ xf] . kz'kltzdz]/, ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf, /jLGb|gfy zdf{ / sdn yfkfx¿ dw]; / dw];Lsf klxnf] bhf{sf zf]ifs x'g\ eg] ;'hftfb]lv uf]ljGb/fh;Dd bf];|f] bhf{df kb{5g\ . t/ clxn] ltgLx¿n] g} dw];sf] dfunfO{ cfkm\gf] k|d'v Ph]G8f agfPsf] b]lvG5 . o;sf] k5fl8 s] sf/0f x'g;S5 < o;af/]df pk]Gb| ofbj tyf dxGy 7fs'/x¿nfO{ g} a9L yfxf xf]nf .

dw]; ljb|f]xsf] d"n dfusf] ;Daf]wg ;/sf/n] gu/]sf] eP ;fob ut jif{ dw];Lx¿n] u/]sf] Tof] P]ltxfl;s cfGbf]ngn] lj/fd lng] lyPg . oxf“;Ddls tTsfnLg lgldQ gfossf] ¿kdf b]vfk/]sf] dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/dn] ;/sf/;“u ;Demf}tf klg ug]{ lyPg t/ d"n dfunfO{ k"0f{tf k|bfg ug]{ ;xfos dfux? ;Demf}tf kqdf pNn]v eP klg ;/sf/sf] Wofg o;tkm{ sd} k'u]sf] kfOG5 . /, ;fob To;}n] xf]nf clxn] k'gM ltgLx¿n] cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ . ;+3Lo zf;gdf :jfoQtf lagfsf] ;+3Lotf g'g ljgfsf] bfn xf] . t;y{ dw];Lb]lv cflbjf;L;Ddsf] ;Demf}tf kqdf of] s'/f pNn]v eP klg @# a'“b] ;xdlt / ;+ljwfgsf] t];|f] ;+zf]wgdf sxL+st} ;dfj]z ul/Pg . o;n] ;/sf/ ;+3LotfnfO{ s]Gb|s[t zf;g k|0ffnLsf] e¥ofª agfpg] k|of; t ul//x]sf] 5}g eGg] k|Zg pAh]sf] 5 . cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{ a]nfdf klg ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL;“u hgtfnfO{ a]va/ /fVg] b':k|of; ePsf] lyof] . h;nfO{ dw]; ljb|f]xn] phfu/ u/]kl5 dfq} d'l:snn] Tof] wf/f yKg ;/sf/ afWo ePsf] xf] .

t/, clxn] dw];sf] d"n k|Zg ;+3Lotfdf :jfoQtfsf] ;jfneGbf ljZjf;sf] ;+s6 g} 7"nf] ag]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efkl5 ;+3LotfnfO{ :jfoQtf agfpg] ljZjf; dw];L kf6L{x¿nfO{ lbg g;Sg' ;/sf/sf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] sdhf]/L xf] . g]kfnL /fhgLltsf d"nwf/sf kf6L{x¿n] dw]; / dw];Lsf] ;jfnnfO{ ;xL 9+uaf6 AofVof ljZn]if0f u/]sf] eP ;fob t/fO{ dw]; nf]stflGqs kf6L{sf] hGd x'g] lyPg . dxGy 7fs'/n] sf+u|]; / dx]Gb|/fo ofbjn] Pdfn] kl/Tofu ug]{ lyPgg\ . g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] la8Dagf s] xf] eg] h'g yfndf vfgf vfof] To;}df kmf]xf]/ ug]{ g]tfx¿sf] afgLn] nf]stflGqs k4lt alnof] x'g g;s]sf] xf] . sl/a c9fO{ ;o jif{b]lv zf;g u/]sf] /fhtGq, Ps ztfAbLeGbf a9L ;do;Dd /f0ffx¿n] rnfPsf] hxfgLof“tGq / @))& ;fnb]lv pbfPsf oxf“sf /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿sf] zf;g k|zf;g rnfpg] ;f]r, b[li6sf]0f / k|lqmofnfO{ AofVof ljZn]if0f ug]{ xf] eg] sltko d"ne"t k|Zgdf g} Ps csf{]nfO{ 5'6\ofpg ufx|f] k5{ . h;/L /f0ffx¿n] zfxx¿sf] d2taf6 cfkm\gf hxflgof“ zf;g l6sfPsf lyP, To;}u/L 7"nf sxnfOPsf /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] ;fdGtjfbL /fhtGqnfO{ cleGg c+u dfGb} hgtfsf] xslxtsf] k|ZgnfO{ ;w} cf]em]ndf /fVg] b':k|of; u/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] cfkm\g} d'n'sdf cgful/s ag]sf dw];Lx¿ slxn] klg /fhtGq, /f0fftGq / sf+u|];tGqsf nflu /fhgLlts d'2f ag]gg\, a? /fh:j c;'Ng] / sf7df8f}+df l;+xb/af/ 78\ofpg] d];f] dfq aGof] . lj/f6gu/df x'ls{P/ t/fO{df g} /fhgLlt u/]sf sf]O/fnfx¿n] tL tdfd\ x}l;ot / ;f]x/t k|fKt u/] . t/, 5]ps} dw];Lx¿ pxf“sf] glhs;Dd k'Ug ;s]gg\ . Psk6s k'Ug} nfu]sf dx]Gb|gf/fo0f lglwnfO{ o:tf] uf]v]{nf}/L nufOof] ls To;kl5 lglwnfO{ xf];} cfPg . h;sf] andf /fhgLlt ul/G5, h;sf] cfly{s hudf b]z rnfOG5, ltg} JolQm / If]qnfO{ /fHosf] d'nwf/af6 6f9f /fVg] ;f]r / b[li6sf]0fsf sf/0f cfh dw];df k|lts"n kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] . h;nfO{ cBfjlw s'g} g s'g} ?kaf6 b]zL ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿n] sfod /fVg] k|of; eO/x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;/sf/ / dw];Lx¿aLrsf] b"/L / ;+s6nfO{ xn gu?Gh]n;Dd of] ;d:ofnfO{ lg/fs/0f ug{ ;lsb}g . o;sf nflu sd;]sd o;cl3 ePsf ;dembf/L kqnfO{ cIf/zM nfu" ul/of] eg] o;n] cfufdL ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgnfO{ ;xh agfpg 7"nf] e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5 . xf]Og eg] sy+sbflrt cfGbf]ng e8\lsof] eg] b]zL tyf ljb]zL zlQmx¿n] dw]; cfGbf]ngsf] e¥ofª d'lg /fhtGq arfpg] v]n v]Ng] if8\oGq /Rg] ;DefjgfnfO{ gsfg{ ;ls“b}g . af/fsf] k;xfdf nfu]sf] a;sf] cfuf] o;sf] k|f/lDes ;+s]t xf] . –b[li6af6

ef/tk/:t xfd|f] gLlt / xfd|f] x}l;ot

zfZjt zdf{

"No Foreign Policy is the best foreign policy" cyf{t\ ljb]z gLlt gx'g' g} ;a}eGbf /fd|f] ljb]z gLlt xf] . s'6gLltsf ædxfk08LtÆ 8f= x]g/L lsl;Gh/sf oL egfO{ cGo s'g} k|z+unfO{ lnP/ JoQm ul/Psf] ePtfklg af:tjdf ;fgf], e'kl/j]li7t Pj+ cfk\mgf b'O{ lt/ ljzfn l5d]sLx¿ lnP/ a;]sf] xfd|f] h:tf] d'n'ssf nflu Pp6f /fd|f] dfu{bz{g x'g ;SbYof] . t/, ckm;f]r @))& ;fn kl5 afXo ljZjsf nflu g]kfnn] cfk\mgf] 9f]sf h;} vf]Nof], ;f]xL ;dob]lv g]kfnn] cfk\mgf] :jtGq klxrfg, cfk\mgf] lg0f{o ug{] clwsf/, cflb ;a} qmdzM u'dfp“b} uof] . cfh xfd|f] xfnt l5d]sL ef/tsf] s'g} k|fGt eGbf klg uP u'h|]sf] 5 . cfh xfd|f] cfk\mgf] eGg] s]xL 5}g . gof“ lbNnLsf] h] gLlt ! sf7df8f}+sf] ToxL gLlt !!

cfh u0f]zdfg l;+x xfd|f] jLr x'g'x'Gg . t/ jxf“n] cfk\mgf] hLjgsf] clGtd sfnlt/ cfP/ ;ft;fnb]lv g]kfndf cl:y/tf dRrfpg] tTj xfjL x'“b} cfO{/x]]sf] s'/f atfpg r} lxlRsrfpg' ePg . To:t}, cfh 8f= xs{ u'¿+u klg xfd|f] dfem x'g'x'Gg t/ jxf“n] #) sf] bzs -ljqmd ;Dat\_ df cfkm"n] k|:t't u/]sf] æa;fO{ ;/fO{ k|ltj]bgÆ sf sf/0fg} Tolta]nf æ;befjgf kl/ifbÆ -clxn]sf] g]kfn ;befjgf kf6L{_ sf] pbo ePsf] s'/f lgw{Ss sf ;fy kl5;Dd atfO{g} /xg' eof] . To:t} u/]/ a'l4hLjL sxlng] ef/tsf nflu k'j{ /fhb't 8f= nf]s/fh a/fnn] g]kfn-ef/tjLr ;g !(%) df ;DkGg zflGt tyf d}qL ;lGw, h;nfO{ g]kfnsf s]xL jfdkGyL 36sx¿ / s]xL /fi6«jfbL sxlng]x¿ clxn] klg obfsbf c;dfg ;lGwsf] ;+1f lbG5g, nfO{ k"0f{ vf/]h ug{] xf]O{g ls s]xL a'+bfdf k'glj{rf/;Dd dfq ul/of];\ eg]/ g]kfnsf zf;s ju{n] cflwsfl/s ¿kdf ef/t ;fd' k|:tfj /fVg] lxDdt klg ug{ ;Sb}gg eg]/ k6s–k6s cf}krfl/s / cgf}+krfl/s ¿kdf eGb} cfO{/xg' ePsf] 5 . cyf{t\ pNn]lvt tLg dxfg'efjx¿sf] egfO{ ef/t ;fd' xfd|f] s]xL x}l;ot g} 5}g eGg] hgfp+5 . xf], ef/t;+usf] g]kfnsf] gLlt xfd|f] r'gfjL d;nf aGg ;S5, slxn] sfxL d'2fsf] cefj ePsf j]nf cfGbf]ngsf] ljifo aGg ;S5 . t/, ltg}x¿ ;Qfl;g ePkl5 of] d'2f cf]em]ndf kfl/G5 / ef/t;fd' gtd:tssf] d'b|fdf b]lvG5 .

cfh xfd|f] ljb]z gLlt olt ljWg lkmtnf] 5 sL, ldq /fi6«x¿n] xfd|f] s'/f ;'Gg 5fl8;s] . 8]gdfs{sf ljb]z dGqL g]kfn e|d0fsf nflu lg:s], t/ gof+ lbNnLdf cf]n{]kl5 otf sf7df8f}+ lt/ kms{]/ klg x]/]gg\ . To:t} >Ln+sfsf /fi6«klt dx]Gb| /fhkfIfn] g]kfn e|d0fsf] ;Dk"0f{ t}of/L e};s]kl5 clGtd ¿kdf cfP/ cfk\mgf] e|d0f /2 u/] . lsg t < c? t c? cl3–cl3 g]kfn s] eG5 < eg]/ xfd|f ldqx¿ xfdLnfO{ pT;'stfk"j{s ;'Gby], t/ cfh Tof] l:ylt /x]g . clxn] t ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] dxf;efdf ;Daf]wg ug{ uPsf xfd|f k|wfgdGqLsf efif0f ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf sd{rf/Lx¿, / xfd|f k|wfgdGqL kl5 af]Ng] olb sf]xL /x]5 eg] To:tf kfnf] kv{]/ a;]sf xfd|f ldqx¿ afx]s c? s;}n] ;'Gb}g . lsg t < :ki6 5 xfd|f] ljb]z gLltg} lkmtnf] / ef/t k/:t eof] . sf7df08f}+sf] eGbf xfd|f ldqx¿ gof“ lbNnLsf] ljrf/ hfGg pT;'s x'G5g . ca c? s'/} 5f8f}+, g]kfnsf k//fi6« dGqL ;xfgf k|wfgn] xfn} ef/tåf/f cltqmldt g]kfnL ;Ldfsf af/]df cfkm'n] af]n]sf] s'/fnfO{ lnP/ vKsL vfPkl5 ef]nL kN6} æTo;f] eg]sf] xf]O{gÆ eg]/ ;Rofpg' k¥of] . t, o:tf] 5 ca:yf < cem g]kfn l:yt a]nfotL / cd]/LsL /fhb'tx¿ g]kfn af/] 5nkmn ug{ a]nf a]nfdf gof“ lbNnL k'Ubf xfd|f] ca:yf cem l67 nfUbf] b]lvG5 .

Ps ;dodf xfdL klg ;fj{ef}d / :jtGq /fi6«sf ¿kdf lrlgPsf d'n's lyof}+, t/ ca Tof] l:ylt /x]g . oxf“sf ef/t k/:t g]tf / lj:tf/jfbL ef/tsf sf/0f xfdL olt lj£g tn cf]ln{of}+ ls a? ljxf/sf lgltz s'df/sf] æO{HhtÆ xf]nf, t/ xfd|f k|wfgdGqLsf] Tolt klg 5}g . ef/tsf] s]Gb| ;/sf/n] Toxf“sf] ljxf/ /fHonfO{ 7f8} lgb{]zg lbg ;Sb}g t/ g]kfnsf] x/]s If]qdf 7f8f] x:tIf]k ug{ ;S5 . oxf“ t ef/tsf k"j{ s'6lglt1x¿, ;f+;bx¿, / u'Ktr/ ljefusf k|d'vx¿;Dd cfO{ lgb{]zg lbP/ hfG5g . ca o;af6 k|:6 xf}+, xfdL s] xf}+ eg]/ <