Kathmandu, Chaitra 07, 2064.

cGt{jftf{

–clwjQmf afns[i0f Gof}kfg]

s;/L /fli6«o hgzlQm kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 pd]bjf/ aGg'eof] <

d of] kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ePsfn] kf6L{s} tkm{af6 pd]bjf/L lbPsf] 5' .

of] kf6L{ t k"j{k~rx¿sf] kf6L{ xf] lg < o;df tkfO+{ s;/L c6fpg' eof] <

;od ablnPsf] 5 . dfG5]sf ljrf/x¿ klg ablnPsf 5g\ . ablnPsf] kl/l:yltdf /fli6«o hgzlQm kf6L{ b]zsf] ;a}eGbf e/kbf]{ / lhDd]jf/ kf6L{sf] ¿kdf pbfPsf] 5 . of] s'/f eljZodf k'li6 x'g]5 k|ltIff ug'{xf];\ .

tkfO{sf] pd]bjf/L s] sfnflu <

of] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj xf] . h;n] ;+ljwfg a'em\5 p;}n] ;+ljwfg n]V5 . d p7]sf] sf7df8f}+ ! g+=df ;+ljwfg a'em\g] 1ftf pDd]bjf/ 5}gg\ . 1fg / ;Lk hlt hflgPsf] 5, Tof] xfdLn] lbg] xf] . d lht]/ ;+ljwfg;efdf uP“ eg] d cfkm} ;+ljwfg n]V5' . Pdfn]sf k|bLk g]kfn, sf+u|];sf k|sfzdfg l;+x / dfcf]jfbLsf 8f=/fddfg >]i7nfO{ sfg'gsf] 1fg 5}g . s] n] b]zsf] lxt u5{ / s] n] ub}{g eGg] dnfO{ hfgsf/L 5 . c? pDd]bjf/x¿ lht]/ uPdf ljb]zLn] ;+ljwfg n]Vg nufp“g]5g\ . ;+ljwfg logLx¿sf] nflu sfnf] cIf/ e}+;L a/fa/ xf] . NofKr] 7f]S5g\ ;a} ;lsG5 .

clwjQmf dfG5] /fhgLlttkm{ s;/L cfslif{t x'g'eof] <

b]z /x\of] eg] dfq d]/f] jsfnt l6S5 . ;+ljwfg eg]sf] 3/sf] hu xf] . ;+ljwfg agfpg] s'/f k|fljlws 1fg xf] . yf]/} hfg]sfn] d o; tkm{ xf]ldPsf] x'“ .

sf+u|]; / Pdfn]sf pd]bjf/eGbf tkfO{df s] leGgtf 5 <

)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg klg log} kf6L{sf] ;xdltdf n]lvPsf] xf] . To;sf] s] xfnt eof], ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 . oL km]n ePsf g]tfx¿n] n]v]sf] ;+ljwfg s:tf] xf]nf < tkfO{ cfkm}+ cg'dfg ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . pgLx¿n] agfPsf] ;+ljwfg 7Ls ePsf]eP / pgLx¿n] /fd|/L b]z ;+rfng u/]sf] eP d klg pgLx¿nfO{ ef]6 lbGy]“ . t/ tL dfG5] km]n eP . k|bLk g]kfn ;flxTodf /fd|f] hfgsf/ x'g\ . ;flxTo;efsf] r'gfj ePsf] eP d p7\g] lyOg“, pgnfO{ g} ef]6 xfNy]“ . ;flxTodf deGbf pgL a9L 1ftf 5g\ . ha pgL ;+ljwfgsf 1ftf xf]Ogg\ eg] ;+ljwfg agfpg pgL cu|;/ x'g' unt s'/f xf] . ltgLx¿n] ;+ljwfg agfpg' eg]sf] ladf/Lsf] pkrf/ OlGhlgo/n] u/]h:t} xf] . ;+ljwfg;ef eGg] s'/f /fhgLlts bnn] a'em]gg\ . d t s] rfxGy]“ eg] 7"nf kf6L{n] ljZjgfy pkfWofo, nId0f cof{n, bdggfy 9'+ufgfnfO{ p7fpmg\ . t/ To;f] ePg . pgLx¿ uPsf] eP /fd|f] ;+ljwfg aGg] lyof] . To;nfO{ 5f8]/ bnn] o;nfO{ /fhgLlts¿kdf x]/]/ ;+;bLo r'gfjsf ¿kdf k|of]u u/] . To;sf] sf/0f Pp6} 5 !@ a'“b] ;dembf/L, hf] lbNnL ;Demf}tfaf6 ljsl;t ePsf] xf] . ToxL cfwf/df cGtl/d ;+ljwfg aGof] . ef/t s] rfxG5 eg] ;+ljwfg;ef klg p;sf] lxtdf xf];\ . To;}n] ;+ljwfgsf 1ftf eP eg] Tof] ;Dej x'“b}g . ;+ljwfgsf 1ftf ePgg\ eg] ef/tn] cfkm\gf] :jfy{cg's"nsf] ;+ljwfg agfp“5 . oxL kl/l:ylt /x\of] eg] g]kfn l;lSsdLs/0flt/ cufl8 a9\5 .

tkfO{sf] pd]bjf/Ln] k[ys klxrfg lbg ;S5 <

d}n] c? bnsf g]tfeGbf k[ys\ sfd u/]sf] 5' . /fi6«3ftL 6gsk'/ ;lGwlj?4 l/6 lbO{ dxfsfnL gbL g]kfn / g]kfnLsf nflu hf]ufPsf] 5', k|wfgdGqL / dGqLnfO{ e|i6frf/df sf/afxL ug{ gkfOg] sfg'glj?4 l/6 lbO{ sfg'g ab/ u/fPsf] 5' . ;+ljwfgljk/Lt gful/stf af“8\g] To;a]nfsf] sfg'glj?4sf] l/6 lbO{ To;nfO{ vf/]h u/fPsf] 5' . ;fy} d}n] /fi6«nfO{ kmfObf k'Ug] w]/} sfd u/]sf] 5' . To;}n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu u7g ePsf] of] ;/sf/n] s}og\ /fi6« lxtlak/Ltsf sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . oL ;a} /fi6«3ftL sfdx¿ ab/ u/fpg klg d]/f] pd]bjf/L k[ys klxrfgsf ;fy cfjZos 5 eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 .

tkfO{sf] /fhgLlts Ph]G8f s] 5 <

d;“u /fd|f] ;+ljwfg n]Vg] Ph]G8f 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;+ljwfg agfpg] ePsfn] o;df ljsf;jfbL gf/f cl3 ;fg'{ h?/t 5}g . /, b]zsf] lxtsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ sfd daf6 x'g]5 .

/fhkfn] /fhtGq lg/k]If eP/ r'gfj n8\b}5, of] hfoh 5 <

b'O{ ;o $& jif{sf] /fhfsf] zf;g hgtfn] ef]lu;s]sf 5g\ . /fhtGq g/x]sf] eP b]z /xGYof], /x“b}gYof], Tof] cfkm\gf] 7fp“df 5 clxn] of] jx;sf] ljifo xf]Og . ha of] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn] ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg hgtf elg;s]kl5 /fhf /fVg] ls g/fVg] eGg] ljifodf hgdt ;+u|x x'g'k5{ . /fhf/lxtsf] b]z agfpg] ls /fhf;lxtsf] b]z agfpg] eGg] ljifodf tTsfn} lg0f{o ug'{k5{ . o:tf] lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ ;fj{ef}d g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ dfq 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdf dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd gePsf JolQm klg pd]bjf/ ePsf 5g\ . of] l:yltn] r'gfj wf“wnL/lxt x'G5 eGg ;lsGg . hgtfnfO{ lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ lbOPg eg] yk lg/+s'ztf hlGdG5 . klxnf–klxnfsf] r'gfjdf Pdfn]n] r'gfjsf nflu lgikIf ;/sf/ u7gsf] dfu ub{Yof] . clxn] Tof] klg ePg . r'gfjdf wf“wnL x'G5 eGg] ;+s]t clxn]s} ultljlwaf6 b]lvPsf] 5 .

tkfO{nfO{ dflg;x¿ /fhfjfbL eG5g\ lg <

Pdfn] kf6L{sf dxf;lrj h:t} d /fhfnfO{ bfd /fv]/ 9f]Ug uPsf] 5}g / xfn Pdfn]sf tkm{af6 lzIffdGqL /x]sf If]q g+= ! df d]/f k|ltåGbL k|bLk g]kfnn] h:t} /fhf ;fd' pleP/ ;ky vfPsf] klg 5}g d}n] . To;}n] dnfO{ /fhfjfbL b]Vg]x¿df k"jf{u|x 5 . /fhf /fVg] jf g/fVg] eGg] af/]df hgdt ;+u|xdf hfg' k5{, hgtfnfO{ lg0f{o ug{ lbOg' k5{ eGg] dfGotf d]/f] xf] . hgtfnfO{ ;fj{ef}d eGg] clg lg0f{o r}+ ;ftbnn] ug]{ < o;}nfO{ eG5g\ nf]stGq < of] nf]stGq x}g, ;ftbnsf] clwgfostGq xf] . of] tGqsf lj?4 hgtf hfu?s x'“b}5g\ .

g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] r'gfjL 3f]if0f–kq o:tf] 5

b:tfj]h

cfb/0fLo lbbL–alxgL tyf bfh'–efOx¿,

g]kfnL hgtfsf] bzsf}+ k'/fgf] rfxgf ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ @)^@–)^# sf] hg–cfGbf]ngn] ;'lglZrt u/fPsf] 5 . of] P]ltxfl;s 38Ldf ;d:t zxLbnfO{ x[bodf /fVb} g]kfnL sf“u|]; g]kfnL hgtfdf xflb{s clejfbg ub{5 .

zflGtk"0f{ nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] cg]s sfnv08df ;+3if{sf] df]rf{df cu|0fL e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ b]zsf tdfd t?0f–ljBfyL{, gful/s ;dfh, dfgj clwsf/sdL{, ls;fg–dhb"/ / dlxnf, lzIfs–k|fWofks / a'l4hLjL, jlsn, 8fS6/ / Ol~hlgo/, ;+rf/sdL{, ;flxTosf/, snsf/, Pj+ pBdL–Joj;foL nufot ;a} k]zf / Joj;fosf g]kfnLsf] b[9 nf]stflGqs r]tgf, ;+3if{ / ;+sNknfO{ g]kfnL sf“u|]; xflb{stfk"0f{ clegGbg ug{ rfxG5 .

xfd|f] >4fk"0f{ ;Demgfdf oltv]/ g]kfnL sf“u|];sf xhf/f}“ h'emf? ;fyLx¿ x'g'x'G5 . h;n] ljut 5 bzssf] cjlwleq h]n–g]n, lgjf{;gsf] kL8f / d[To'nfO{ ;d]t j/0f u/]/ b]zsf] nf]stflGqs ;+3if{ / r]tgfnfO{ hLljt /fVg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ eof] . sf“u|];hgsf] of] ;+3if{ ofqfn] kl5Nnf jif{x¿df lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] k|tf8gf;“u} dfcf]jfbL lx+;fsf] ;d]t lzsf/ x'g' k/\of] . o; qmddf hLjg u'dfpg] of]4fx¿;“u} c+ue+usf] kL8f, 3/–;DklQ x/0fsf] b'Mv / cfºgf kl/jf/af6 lj:yflkt ePsf ;a}sf] cf:yfsf] pRr sb/ ug{ rfxG5f}“ .

xfdL of] dxTjk"0f{ 38Ldf @))& ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgqmflGtsf g]tf tyf To;kl5 nf]stGq jxfnLsf nflu ePsf ;+3if{sf gfos dxfdfgj ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ >4fk"j{s ;lDemg rfxG5f}“ . @)!& ;fnkl5sf] cToGt sl7g / k|lts"n kl/l:yltdf kf6L{ ;+u7g / nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngnfO{ hLjGt agfO/fVg] >4]o g]tf ;'j0f{ zDz]/nfO{ ;Demg rfxG5f}“ . To;}u/L, xfdL @)$^ ;fnsf] hg–cfGbf]ngn] k|Hjlnt u/]sf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf ;jf]{Rr g]tf u0f]zdfg l;+xsf] cys ;+3if{ufyf / cfGbf]ngkl5sf] ;+qmd0fsfnLg /fhgLltdf >4]o g]tf s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{sf] of]ubfgnfO{ :d/0f ug{ rfxG5f}“ .

lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] cGTo / hgtfsf] ;Dk|e'tf ;lxt nf]stGq :yfkgfsf nflu ePsf] zflGtk"0f{ hg–cfGbf]ng @)^@–^# df k|s6 ePsf tTsfnLg cf7 /fhg}lts kf6L{sf] ;'emj'emk"0f{ Pstf / of]ubfgsf] pRr d"NofÍg ub}{ d'n'ssf] /fhgLltnfO{ ;femf p2]Zo / ;+3if{df 8f]¥ofpg ce"tk"j{ g]t[Tj k|bfg ug]{ xfd|f >4]o g]tf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] P]ltxfl;s e"ldsfk|lt g]kfnL hgtfn] pRr ;Ddfg u/]sf] xfdLn] dxz"; u/]sf5f}“ .

ljeflht ePsf] g]kfnL sf“u|]; kf6L{nfO{ o;sf cfd sfo{stf{x¿ / ;dy{sx¿sf] OR5f / cfsf+IffnfO{ ;Ddfg ub}{ km]l/ PsLs[t u/L kf6L{sf sfo{stf{x¿ o;sf ;dy{sx¿ / cfd hgtfx¿df phf{ k|bfg u/L nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngnfO{ alnof] kfg{ g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ cfb/0fLo lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf / z]/ axfb'/ b]pjfk|lt cfef/ AoQm ub{5f}+ . ;fy}, kf6L{ PsLs/0f rfxg] cfd sfo{stf{x¿, ;dy{sx¿ / tdfd ;'e]If'x¿nfO{ klg wGoafb lbg rfxG5f}+ .

b]zsf ljleGg hflt, ju{, lnË / If]qn] cfkm\gf] ljlzi6 eflifs, hftLo / ;f+:s[lts klxrfg / ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLsf nflu u/]sf] ;+3if{nfO{ g]kfnL sf“u|]; clegGbg ug{ rfxG5 . dw]zL, d'lZnd, cflbjf;L hghflt, dlxnf, blnt, k5f8L k/]sf ljs6 ef}uf]lns If]q, ckfË, e"ldlxg sd}of, jfbL nufot ljleGg ju{ / ;d"xåf/f ckm\gf] klxrfg / clwsf/sf nflu u/]sf] zflGtk"0f{ ;+3if{nfO{ xfdL nf]stGqnfO{ hLjGt / kl/0ffdd'vL agfpg] lbzfsf] dxTjk"0f{ kfOnfsf ¿kdf cfTd;ft ub{5f}+ .

§ t/fO{–dw]z, cflbjf;L hghflt nufot ljleGg ;d"x;+usf] jftf{ g]kfnL sf+u|;s} kxn / cu'jfOdf ;kmn ePsf] oyfy{nfO{ xfdL :d/0f u/fpg rfxG5f}+ . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] cu'jfO{df t/fO{ dw]zsf ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx¿, ljleGg cflbjf;L hghflt ;d"xsf k|ltlglw Pj+ blnt / dlxnf ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw;“u ;/sf/L jftf{ ;ldltsf] ;xdlt, ;dembf/Lx¿nfO{ g]kfnL sf+u|];n] k"0f{ ;Ddfg ub}{ ltgnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg k|lta4 /xg]5 / g]kfndf ;a} hfthflt, efiff / ;+:s[ltsf] ;dfg clwsf/ :yflkt ug{ / ;Ddfg lbg ;b}j lqmofzLn /xg]5 .

§ xfdL of] P]ltxfl;s cj;/df g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfsf+Iff cg'¿k dfcf]jfbL lx+;fTds åGå ;dfKt u/L lbuf] zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ p2]Zon] x:tfIfl/t lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf / o; cg'¿k cufl8 a9]sf] zflGt k|lqmof / o;df ;xefuL ;a} kIfnfO{ xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}“ . zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ cg'udg ug]{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 Pj+ zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ ;xof]u / ;dy{g ug]{ ;a} ldq/fi6« / cGt/f{li6«o ;+3–;+:yfk|lt g]kfnL sf“u|]; cfef/ k|s6 ub{5 . g]kfnL sf“u|]; of] zflGt k|lqmofk|lt k"0f{ k|ltj4tf k|s6 ub}{ lbuf] zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ hgtfsf] ;+sNknfO{ lglj{Wg k"/f u/L 5f8\g] k|lt1f ug{ rfxG5 . ;fy} zflGt k|lqmofdf ;+nUg ;a} kIfnfO{ hgtfsf] rfxgf / zflGt k|lqmofsf] ;+j]bgzLntfk|lt lg/Gt/ ;hu / uDeL/ /xg cfu|x ub{} ;+ljwfg;efsf] P]ltxfl;s lgjf{rgsf dfWodaf6 zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ k"0f{tf k|bfg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L jxg ug{ cfXjfg ub{5 .

!= ;+ljwfg;ef–o;sf] P]ltxfl;s ;Gbe{

em08} 5 bzsb]lv g]kfnL sf“u|];n] cu'jfO ub}{ cfPsf] g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] s]Gb|Lo tTj hgtfsf] ;jf]{Rrtf / hgk|ltlglw zf;g sf] :yfkgf ug'{ xf] .

b]z JolQmsf] lghL ;Dkbf / cfh{g xf]Og, hgtfsf] /ut–kl;gfsf] ;[li6 xf] . To;}n] b]zsf] zf;g / /fHo ;+rfngsf] sfd /fhf–dxf/fhfsf x's'daf6 xf]Og, hgtfsf] ;xdlt / cledt k|fKt hgk|ltlglwaf6 dfq x'g ;S5 eGg] hgtfsf] ;jf]{kl/tfsf] of] pb\3f]if g]kfnL sf“u|];n] @))^ ;fndf qmflGtsf] 3f]if0ff kqdf pNn]v u/]/ hgqmflGtsf] cfXjfg u/]sf] xf] . ;+ljwfgsf jf:tljs n]vs hgtf dfq x'g\ / /fHo ;+rfngsf] ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ hgtfsf k|ltlglwsf] xf] eGg] g]kfnL sf“u|];sf] klxnf] hg3f]if0ff o:tf] lyof] M

æjt{dfg zf;gsf] cGTo eO;s]kl5 g]kfnL sf“u|];n] jflnu dtflwsf/sf] cfwf/df r'lgPsf hgk|ltlglwx¿sf] Pp6f kl/ifb\ jf ;ef af]nfpg]5 . o;} kl/ifb\ jf ;efnfO{ g]kfn hg/fHosf] ;+ljwfg jf /fHo ;~rfng ;DaGwL lgod sfg"g agfpg] ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L ;'lDkg]5 .Æ

hgtfsf] ;Dk|e'tf / hgk|ltlglw zf;gsf] of] :ki6 df+u / cfu|x g} g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] phf{ / uGtJo aGb} cfof] . g]kfnsf] lg/+s'z /fhtGqn] k6s–k6s hgtfsf] ;jf]{Rrtfsf] oxL clwsf/nfO{ xgg\ ug]{ r]i6f / if8oGq u¥of] . clg g]kfnL hgtfn] klg k6s–k6s cfºgf clwsf/ /Iffsf nflu lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] :j]R5frfl/tfnfO{ k/f:t ub}{ /x] . @)^@–^# sf] zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ng g]kfnL hgtfsf] oxL P]ltxfl;s ;+3if{ ofqfsf] ;jf{lws dxTjk"0f{ s8L k|dfl0ft eof] . of] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngn] d'n'snfO{ k'gM Psk6s ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf NofOk'¥ofP/ cl3Nnf] k':tfsf xfd|f cu|hx¿sf] ;+sNknfO{ k"/f ug]{ cleef/f g]kfnL gof“ k':tfsf] sf“wdf ;'lDkPsf] 5 .

@= nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] dxŒj

olt nfdf] hgtfsf] ;+3if{ / olt w]/} hgtfsf] /ut kl;gf aufP/ cfPsf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] dxTj g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ng / eljiosf] g]kfnL k':tfsf lglDt clt pNn]vgLo 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] dxTj / cj;/nfO{ Ifl0fs pQ]hgf, efjfj]z, g}/fZo jf c? s'g} tfTsflns sf/0faf6 k|efljt eP/ Go"g ug{ jf u'Dg lbg' x'“b}g .

-s_ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgn] d'n'sdf æxfdL g]kfnsf hgtfÆ eGg] Pp6f gof“ nf]stflGqs / /fli6«o efjwf/fsf] lgdf{0f ug]{5 . xfdL g]kfnL hgtf klxnf]k6s cfºgf k|ltlglw dfkm{t\ cfºgf nflu cfºgf] :jfldTjsf] ;+ljwfg n]Vb}5f}“ . @ s/f]8 %) nfveGbf a9L g]kfnL hgtfsf] k|ltlglwk"0f{ ;xeflutf / lqmofzLntfåf/f n]lvg] of] gof“ ;+ljwfg g]kfnsf] /fli6«o Pstf / nf]stflGqs klxrfgsf] gof“ cfwf/ aGg]5 .

-v_ d'n'sn] cfh;Dd k6s–k6s hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] rrf{ u/]sf] / ;'g]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf klxnf]k6s hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] k|of]u / cEof; x'g]5 . /fhgLlt / /fi6« lgdf{0fdf hgtfsf] ;jf]{Rrtf / ;Dk|e'tfsf] lg0ff{os 5fk nfUg]5 .

-u_ lat]sf @%) jif{b]lv /fhtGqn] g]kfnL hgtfsf] efUosf] km};nf ug]{ pN6f] cEof; x'“b} cfPsf] lyof] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgn] g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ /fhf / /fhtGqsf] efUosf] km};nf ug]{ P]ltxfl;s cj;/ / clwsf/ :yflkt ub}{5 .

-3_ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg— dfcf]jfbL lx+;fsf] zflGtk'0f{ cjt/0f tyf ;a}vfn] /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts åGånfO{ lgsf; lbg] cj;/ xf] . lx+;f / åGbaf6 cfs|fGt b]z / hgtfnfO{ lbuf] zflGtsf] k|Tofe"lt ug]{ / nf]stflGqs k|lqmofåf/f Jofks /fli6«o ;xdltsf] ;'b[9 cfwf/ k|bfg ug]{ dfWod xf] .

-ª_ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg— d'n'ssf] jt{dfg s]Gb|Ls[t / PsfTds /fHosf] :j¿knfO{ ablnP/ ;+3fTds 9f“rfdf /fHosf] nf]stflGqs k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ cj;/ xf] .

-r_ ;+ljwfg;ef— g]kfndf nf]stGq, ;+ljwfgsf] ;jf]{Rrtf / ljlwsf] zf;g :yfkgf ug]{ pRrtd nf]stflGqs cEof; xf] .

-5_ ;+ljwfg;ef— cGt/f{li6«o hutdf g]kfnsf] k|lti7f a9fpg] tyf cfly{s ;d[l4sf nflu cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw lj:tf/ ug]{{ cfwf/ xf] .

#= hgcfGbf]ng @)^@–^# sf]] hgfb]z

-s_ zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ngdf cleJoQm ePsf] hgtfsf] ;jf{lws :ki6 cfb]z lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] cGTo / hgtfsf] ;Dek|'tf ;lxt nf]stGqsf] :yfkgf ug'{ g} xf] . /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] :j]R5frfl/tfsf lj?4 nfvf}“sf] ;+Vofdf ;8sdf cf]ln{Psf g]kfnL hgtfn] hgcfGbf]ng dfkm{t\ ;a}vfn] clwgfosjfb / cltjfbnfO{ g]kfnL /fhgLltaf6 ;w}+sf] lglDt ;dfKt ug]{ cfsf+Iff k|s6 u/]sf x'g\ .

-v_ dfcf]jfbL lx+;fTds ljb|f]x / /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] clwgfosjfbL zf;gsf] k|ltlx+;fn] cfqmfGt g]kfnL hgtfsf] csf]{ :ki6 cfb]z lx+;fsf] cGTo / lbuf] zflGtsf] :yfkgf ug'{ lyof] . g]kfnL hgtfn] lx+;f–o'4, ad / aGb'ssf] qf;bLaf6 d'lSt tyf zflGtk"0f{ hLjg / hLljsfsf] k|Tofe"lt zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ngsf] dfWodaf6 rfx]sf x'g\ .

-u_hg–cfGbf]ng dfkm{t\ g]kfnL hgtfn] k'/ftg /fHo ;+/rgf / zf;gsf] cGTo u/L /fHosf] nf]stflGqs 9+un] k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ rfxgfklg cleJoQm u/]sf x'g\ . /fHosf] jt{dfg ;+/rgf cfly{s–;fdflhs– /fhg}lts lje]b / c;dfgtf l;h{gf ug]{ 9+usf] ePsf] x'“bf ;a}vfn] c;dfgtfsf] cGTo ug]{ u/L ;dfj]zL Gofok"0f{ / nf]stflGqs /fHosf] /rgf hgcfGbf]ngsf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ cfb]z lyof] .

of] hgfb]z k"/f ug]{ Ps dfq zflGtk"0f{ / ljlw;Ddt\ k|lqmof eg]sf] @)^$ ;fn r}q @* ut]sf lbg ;+ljwfg;efsf] P]ltxfl;s lgjf{rg ;DkGg u/]/ hgk|ltlglwåf/f klxnf]k6s hgtfsf] :jfldTjsf] gof“ nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ xf] . of] ;j{:jLs[t ljlw / nf]stflGqs k|lqmofaf6 g} hgcfGbf]ngsf] nf]stGq ;+:yfut ug]{ rfxgf ;'lglZrt x'g ;S5 .

$= ;+ljwfg;efM ;femf ;+sNk / uGtJo

@))& ;fnsf] hgqmflGtsf] ;kmntfkl5 ag]sf] cGtl/d zf;g ljwfg, @))& sf] p2]Zo / argj4tf cg'¿k ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg /fhfsf] a9\bf] dxTjfsf+Iff / jrgRo"t x'g] k|j[lQsf sf/0f x'g glbOPkl5 b]zsf] /fhgLlt jflnu dtflwsf/sf] cfwf/df ;+;b\sf] lgjf{rg ug]{ ljsNktkm{ df]l8of] .

@)!% ;fnsf] ;+;bLo lgjf{rgdf g]kfnL sf“u|];n] cTolws ax'dt k|fKt u/]/, o;sf g]tf lj=lk= sf]O/fnfsf] g]t[Tjdf ag]sf] hg–lgjf{lrt ;/sf/n] ;Lldt ;Defjgf leq klg hgtfsf clwsf/nfO{ qmlGtsf/L sfo{s|dx¿ dfkm{t lj:tf/ ug{ yfn]kl5 /fhf dx]Gb|nfO{ of] klg ;Xo ePg . /fhfsf] lg/+s'z ;}Go sf/jfxLn] @)!& ;fndf hglgjf{lrt ;+;b\, ;/sf/ / hgtfsf ;Dk"0f{ ;+j}wflgs clwsf/x¿ ckxl/t eP . To;kl5sf k~rfotL zf;gsf] nfdf] sfn/flqsf lj?4 g]kfnL sf“u|];sf] cu'jfOdf hf/L lg/Gt/ ;+3if{ tyf /fli6«o Pstf / d]nldnfksf] cfXjfg ub}{ aL=kL= sf]O/fnf / u0f]zdfg l;+xsf] lgjf{;g TofuL :jb]z cfudgn] l;h{gf u/]sf] Jofks hgbjfj tyf t?0f–ljBfyL{x¿sf] nf]stflGqs kl/jt{gsf lglDt h'emf? ;+3if{sf] k[i7e"lddf @)#^ ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgdt ;+u|xsf] 3f]if0ff eP klg /fhfsf] lg/+s'z ;Qfåf/f hgdt ;+u|xsf] kl/0ffd hgtfsf cledt / cfsf+Iff ljk/Lt 3f]if0ff ul/of] . kmn:j¿k d'n'sdf nf]stGq / ;+ljwfgjfbsf] ljsf;qmdn] @)$^ ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf] cjlw;Dd lg0ff{os j]u / kl/0ffd kfpg ;s]g .

hg–cfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntfkl5 lgdf{0f ePsf] @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgdf ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qfsf] ;|f]t hgtf x'g eGg] dfGotf, ax'bnLo ;+;bLo zf;g k|0ffnL / hgtfsf cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/ h:tf dxTjk"0f{ pknlAw k|fKt eP klg 5f]6f] ;dod} pu| blIf0fkGyL cltjfb / pu|jfdkGyL cltjfbaf6 ePsf] k|xf/n] Tof] IftljIft x'gk'Uof] . pu|jfdkGyL cltjfbnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ug]{ dfcf]jfbL lx+;faf6 @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg cfqmd0fdf k/]s} a]nf pu|blIf0fkGyL cltjfbnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ub}{ /fhf 1fg]Gb| c;f]h !*, @)%( df ;+ljwfgdfly ;Lwf k|xf/ u/] . h;sf] pTsif{ !( df3 @)^! df /fhfsf] ;}Goandf cfwfl/t lg/+s'z zf;gdf k|s6 x'g k'Uof] .

b'j}vfn] cltjfbaf6 d'n'snfO{ d'lQm lbnfpg / hgtfsf] ;Dk|e'tf ;lxt nf]stGqsf] :yfkgf ug]{ p2]Zosf nflu lj3l6t k|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yf{kgf tyf k|ltlglw;efsf] dfWodåf/f ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;'lglZrt u/L, d'n'sdf ljBdfg ;a} åGåsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ P]ltxfl;s cu|;/tf g]kfnL sf“u|];n] lnPkl5 @)^@ ;fn j}zfv @% ut] ;ft /fhg}lts kf6L{n] cfºgf ;femf k|ltj4tf ;fj{hlgs ub}{ 3f]if0ff u/] M

æd'n'sdf ljBdfg ;a} åGånfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ ;+ljwfg;ef nufot ;a} k|hftflGqs k|lqmofnfO{ cjnDjg ug{ t}of/ /xg] k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5f}“ .Æ

@)^@ ;fndf ;DkGg g]kfnL sf“u|]; / g]kfnL sf“u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ sf] dxflwj]zgn] ^ bzs cl3b]lv ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq nfO{ kf6L{sf] p2]Zo dfGb} cfPsf] wf/0ffnfO{ kl/Tofu u/L, ;dfj]zL / hgtfsf] ;Dk|e'tf ;lxtsf] k"0f{ nf]stGqsf] p2]Zodf kf6L{nfO{ s]lGb|t ug]{ o'ufGtsf/L lg0f{o u¥of] . b'j} sf“u|];sf] of] P]ltxfl;s lg0f{okl5 lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] cGTo, k"0f{ nf]stGqsf] :yfkgf / /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfsf lglDt ;+ljwfg;ef /fli6«o /fhgLltsf] :jLsfo{ ljsNk aGg uof] . @)^$ ;fn cflZjgdf ;DkGg b'j} kf6L{sf] dxf;ldltsf] a}7sn] g]kfnnfO{ ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds /fHo Joj:yf / ax'bnLo zf;g k|0ffnLdf hfg] lg0f{o u¥of] . Tof] lg0f{osf] k|:tfjnfO{ tTsfn} PsLs[t ePsf] g]kfnL sf“u|];sf] dxf;ldltsf] j}7sn] cg'df]bg u¥of] .

dfcf]jfbL lx+;fTds åGåsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ cu|;/tf g]kfnL sf“u|];n] dfq ;kmntfk"j{s lgjf{x ug{ ;S5 eGg] 7x/ ub}{ g]kfnL sf“u|];n] To;cl3 g} kf6L{ ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ dfcf]jfbL kIf;“u ;fy{s ;+jfbsf] kxn ug]{ lhDd]jf/L k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] .

/fhg}lts lgsf;sf] o:tf] af6f] k|:tfljt u/L dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;d]t lx+;fTds cfGbf]ngsf] af6f] Tofu]/ zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ngsf] dfWodaf6 lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] cGTo / hgtfsf] ;Dk|e'tf ;lxt k"0f{ nf]stGq :yfkgf, ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{Tds k|0ffnL, gful/s :jtGqtf, df}lns xs, dfgj clwsf/, sfg"gsf] /fHo / /fHosf] nf]stflGqs k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ ;+sNk ;lxtsf] cf7 kf6L{sf] !@ j'“b] ;dembf/Lsf] kl/lwleq Nofpg g]kfnL sf“u|]; kf6L{ / kf6L{sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfåf/f P]ltxfl;s e"ldsfsf] lgjf{x eof] . of] dxTjk"0f{ ;dembf/Ln] lglj{Wg ¿kdf zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngsf] af6f] vf]n]kl5 hgcfGbf]ng pTsif{df k'Ug yfNof] .

@)^@–^# sf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ng ;ft /fhg}lts kf6L{sf] dfu{lrq cg'¿k d'n'ssf ;a} åGb / ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ lj3l6t k|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yf{kgfsf] 3f]if0ffkl5 ljlwjt ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;'lglZrt ug]{ ;+j}wflgs k|lqmoftkm{ pGd'v eof] . k'g:yf{lkt k|ltlglw;efsf] klxnf] a}7sn] k|:tfj kfl/t ub}{ 3f]if0ff u¥of]–

æb]zsf] ljBdfg uDeL/ ;+s6nfO{ lgsf; lbgsf nflu gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZos ePsf]n] k|ltlglw;efsf] of] a}7s ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf hfg] ;+sNk ;lxt lg0f{o ub{5 .Æ

;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;'lglZrt ug]{ csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{o h]7 $, @)^# sf] k|ltlglw;ef 3f]if0ffn] u¥of] . of] 3f]if0ffn] /fhfnfO{ zf;gsf ;a} clwsf/af6 jl~rt ub}{ hgtfsf] ;Dk|e'tf / k|ltlglw;efnfO{ hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d ;+;bdf ¿kfGt/0f u¥of] . of] /fhg}lts lgsf; / ;+sNknfO{ j}wflgs cfwf/ / c? Jofks /fhg}lts ;dy{gsf] cfwf/ lgdf{0f ug]{ sfd ;ft /fhg}lts kf6L{ / g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ sf aLrsf] ;xdlt, g]kfn ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLsf aLr ;DkGg lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf / cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] 3f]if0ff / dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] cGtl/d ;+;b\ / ;/sf/df k|j]zsf] 36gfn] u¥of] .

k'g:yf{lkt k|ltlglw;ef / cGtl/d ;+;bn] ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:o lgjf{rg P]g, @)^$ nufot cGo cfjZos P]g kfl/t u/]/ ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf nflu cfjZos sfg'gL–k|zf;lgs / ;f+u7lgs cfwf/ ;'lglZrt u/L ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgnfO{ r}q @* ut] @)^$ sf lbg hgtfsf] cf“ugdf NofOk'¥ofPsf] 5 .

%= ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf g]kfnL sfFu|];n] p7fPsf d'Vo ljifox¿

g]kfnL sf+u]|;sf] Oltxf; nf]st+q :yfkgf ug]{ ;+3if{sf] Oltxf; xf] . nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] ;+3if{ ufyfn] g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ cGo bnx¿eGbf ljlzi6 :yfg lbnfPsf] 5 . g]= s= kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ kf6L{sf]] ;j{dfGo nf]stflGqs d'No / dfGotf k|ltsf] cgf:yf / lx+;fTds / pu|jfdkGyL ;f]rsf] lg/Gt/tfsf sf/0f o;n] ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t\ nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ hgbfloTj lgjf{x ug{ ;Sg] s'/fdf z+sf 5 . g]=s=kf= -Pdfn]_ sf] jfdkGyL Pstfsf] jsfnt / ;fDojfbL ljrf/ k|ltsf] df]xsf] lg/Gt/tf / cl:y/ b[li6sf]0fsf sf/0f nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ hgcfsf+Iffsf] k|ltlglwTj o; kf6L{n] klg ljZj;gLo ¿kdf ug]{ s'/fdf cfz+sf 5 . cGo blIf0fkGyL kf6L{x¿n] nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf ;sf/fTds e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;S5g\ eGg] ljifodf hgtfsf] ljZjf; clt Go"g 5 . o; cj:yfdf ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t\ nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f u/L nf]stGqsf] ;+:yfut ug]{ d'Vo lhDd]jf/L g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] sf+wdf cfPsf] 5 . of] P]ltxfl;s lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ g]kfnL sf+u|]; lgDg d"n d'2fx¿ ;lxt g]kfnL hgtfsf ;dIf ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf k|:t't ePsf] 5 .

%=! /fli6«o Pstf, zflGt / ljsf;sf nflu nf]stGq

%=!=! ax'njfbdf cfwfl/t ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqM

/fli6«otf–nf]stGq / ;dfhjfbsf] d"n k|]/0ffaf6 ;+ul7t / lqmofzLn g]kfnL sf“u|]; cfºgf] 5 bzs eGbf nfdf] nf]stflGqs ;+3if{ ofqfdf hgtfsf] ;Dk|e'tf / hgk|ltlglw zf;g sf] d"n d'2fdf s]lGb|t /x“b} cfPsf] 5 . b]z hgtfsf] xf], To;}n] hgtf ;Dk|e" x'g\ . hgtf ;Dk|e' x'g\, To;}n] zf;gsf] clwsf/ / j}wtfsf] ;|f]t hgtfsf] cledtaf6 x'g ;S5 . nf]stflGqs zf;gsf] of] d"ne"t dfGotf / hg–clwsf/nfO{ g]kfnsf] /fhtGqn] k6s–k6s cltqmd0f / ckx/0f ug]{ k|of; ul//x]sf sf/0f hgtf / /fhtGqsf aLr lg/Gt/ åGå rNb} cfPsf] xf] . hgtfsf cfwf/e"t clwsf/dfly cltqmd0f gug]{ u/L ;+j}wflgs ;Demf}tfdf jrga4 ;+j}wflgs /fhfn] ;d]t k6s–k6s jrga4tfsf] pNn+3g u/]sf sf/0f /fhtGqn] ;dsfnLg g]kfnL /fhgLltdf cfºgf] cf}lrTo / ;fGble{stf u'dfPsf] g]kfnL sf“u|];sf] 7x/ 5 .

nfdf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngn] g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;fdYo{ / nf]stflGqs r]tgfnfO{ ce"tk"j{ 9+un] kl/is[t / pGgt agfPsf] 5 . hgtf cfºgf lglDt cfkm} ;+ljwfg n]Vg rfxG5g\— b]zsf] zf;g k|aGw / cfly{s ;Dj[l4sf] af6f] cfºgf k|ltlglw dfkm{t cfkm} lgdf{0f ug{ rfxG5g\ . hgtf lx+;f / ;}Goan df cfwfl/t /fhg}lts ;f]r / ;QfnfO{ ;w}+sf] lglDt c:jLsf/ ug{ rfxG5g\ . hgtf cfºgf] ;xdlt gePsf] / cfkm"n] cg'df]bg gu/]sf] ;QfnfO{ tL/:sf/ ug{ rfxG5g\ .

g]kfnL hgtfn] @)^@–^# sf] zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ngdf ;a}vfn] lx+;f / lx+;fdf cfwfl/t ;QfnfO{ ºof“Sg] ;+sNk u/]sf x'g\ . g]kfnL hgtfsf] o:tf] cfsf+Iff PSsfO;f}“ ztfAbLsf] nf]stGqsf] cfwf/e"t rl/q / ljz]iftf xf] .

hgtfsf] olx rfxgf / o'usf] dfunfO{ ;Ddfg ub}{ g]kfnL sf“u|]; ;+ljwfg;efdf g]kfnnfO{ ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds /fHo agfpg] / ax'njfbdf cfwfl/t ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs zf;g k|0ffnLsf] cjnDag ug]{ k|d'v Ph]08f ;lxt hgtfsf] dfemdf cfPsf] 5 .

/fhtGqsf] cGTon] dfq jf:tljs u0ftGqsf] ;'lglZrttf x'“b}g . hgtfsf] ;+k|e'tf, ;+ljwfgsf] ;jf]{Rrtf, hgk|ltlglw zf;g / gful/s clwsf/ / :jtGqtfo'Qm ;+j}wflgs k|Tofe"ltn] dfq jf:tljs hgtGq jf u0ftGq ;'lglZrt x'g ;S5 . u0ftGqsf] gfddf ;}Gojfb, kf6L{ ljz]ifsf] clwgfosjfb jf wfld{s Psflwsf/jfbsf] kIfkf]if0f ug]{ s'g} klg ljrf/, bz{g / k|of]u g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ :jLsfo{ x'“b}g .

/fhtGqsf] 3f]/ blIf0fkGyL cltjfb / dfcf]jfbL pu|jfdkGyL cltjfbn] l;h{gf u/]sf] lx+;f / ;}Gojnsf] rqmJo"xaf6 b]znfO{ hf]ufpg /fhtGqsf] cGTo ub}{ / pu| jfdkGysf] nf]stflGqs ¿kfGt/0fdf hf]8\ lb+b}, zflGt / ;Dj[l4 ;lxtsf] nf]stflGqs g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ g} ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf g]kfnL sf“u|];sf] k|d'v Ph]08f xf] .

o; p2]ZonfO{ k|fKt ug{ g]kfnL sf“u|]; ;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] a}7sdf o:tf] Ph]08f k|:t't ug]{ k|ltj4tf k|s6 ub{5M

!= g]kfnL hgtfsf] ce"tk"j{ ;xeflutfdf ;DkGg a[xt\ zflGtk"0f{ hg–cfGbf]ng -@)^@÷^#_ df lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf lj?4 g]kfnL hgtfn] hf]8bf/ ¿kdf cleJoQm u/]sf] cfjfhnfO{ ;Ddfg ub}{ P]ltxfl;s ¿kdf e/v/} ;DkGg ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf k|s6 g]kfnL hgtfsf] j}wflgs hgfb]znfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ g]kfndf xfn;Dd sfod /x]sf] zfxj+zLo /fhtGqnfO{ ;dfKt u/L, g]kfnnfO{ Ps :jtGq ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg nf]stflGqs ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds /fHosf] sfof{Gjog ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfj .

@ @)^@ d+l;/ & sf] afx| a'“b] ;dembf/Lb]lv g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;ljwfg -@)^#_ hf/L / To;nfO{ ;+zf]wg ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/, ;ft bn / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ePsf nf]stGq, gful/s xs–clwsf/, /fHo ;+/rgf / zf;g k|0ffnLsf ;Gbe{df ul/Psf ;+emf}tf, ;xdlt ;dembf/L / lg0f{ox¿ tyf o;aLr /fHon] cflbjf;L hghflt, dw];L, blnt, dlxnfsf k|ltlglw ;+3–;+u7gx¿;“u u/]sf ;Demf}tfx¿sf] kfngf x'g]u/L o; 3f]if0ff kqdf pNn]lvt ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/e"t l;4fGt, ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ffsf] k|lqmof / ;+ljwfg;efsf] sfo{ljlw lgwf{/0f ug]{ k|:tfj .

#= ;+ljwfg;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx¿sf aLr /fhgLlts ;xdltsf] cfwf/df ;/sf/sf] u7g ug]{ k|:tfj .

%=!=@ ;+3Lo nf]stGq

g]kfnL sf“u|]; g]kfnL ;dfhdf ljBdfg hftLo, eflifs, ;f“:s[lts, wfld{s Pj+ If]qLo ljljwtfnfO{ g]kfnL /fli6«otfsf] w/f]x/ dfGb5 . tbg'¿k, g]kfnsf cflbjf;L, hghflt, dw];L nufot ljleGg If]qaf6 klxrfg / :jfoQtfsf] cfsf+Iff ;lxt d'vl/t ePsf] ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds /fHo;+/rgfsf] dfunfO{ ;+j}wflgs k|0ffnLdf d"t{¿k lbg] cfkm\gf] k|ltj4tfnfO{ o; 3f]if0ff–kqsf dfWodaf6 ;fj{hlgs ub{}5 . ;+3Lo /fHo ;+/rgfsf] :j¿k lgDg adf]lhd x'g]5 M

l s]Gb|Ls[t PsfTds /fHonfO{ kl/jt{g u/L nf]stflGqs zf;g k|0ffnL ;lxtsf] :jfoQ k|b]zx¿sf] ;+3sf ¿kdf cv08 / cleefHo ;fj{ef}d ;Qf ;DkGg ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f ul/g]5 .

l k|b]z /rgfsf] k|d'v cfwf/x¿ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o cv08tf, ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt / cg's"ntf, hg;+Vof, k|fs[lts ;|f]t / cfly{s ;+efJotf, k|b]zx¿sf] cGt/;DaGw, eflifs÷hftLo Pj+ ;+:s[lts ;3gtf, /fhgLlts÷k|zf;lgs ;DefJotf cflb x'g]5 . t/fO{, kxf8, lxdfnsf ljleGg If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ dw]zL, cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt tyf cGo ljleGg ;d"xsf] ljlzi6 rl/qnfO{ pgLx¿sf] efjgf cg'¿k ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf k|Tofe"lt k|bfg ul/g]5 .

l s]Gb|, k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/ u/L d'Vo ¿kn] tLg txdf /fHosf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] ljt/0f Pj+ Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

l s]Gb|, k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ / sfd÷st{JonfO{ ;+ljwfgn] cnu cnu ;"lrsf cfwf/df 5'6\ofOlbg]5 .

l o;/L sfo{ If]qsf] ljefhg ubf{ k//fi6« ;DaGw, d'b|f gLlt, /fli6«o ;'/Iff nufot k|b]zx¿ aLr ;dGjo ug'{kg]{ ljifox¿ h:t} xjfO oftfot, /fhdfu{, 7"nf hnljB't nufot /fli6«o dxTjsf cfof]hgfx¿ s]Gb|df / cGo /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f“:s[lts tyf eflifs clwsf/sf ;fy} s[lif, jg, lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L cflb ljifox¿ k|b]zdf / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] txdf /xg]5g\ . sltko dfly pNn]lvt k|b]z / :yfgLo txdf elgPsf ljifoj:t' To;sf] /fli6«o dxTj / :j¿ksf] cfwf/df s]Gb|Lo txdf /xg ;Sg]5g\ .

l eG;f/, d"No clej[l4 s/, cfos/, cGtz"Ns h:tf s/ /fhZjsf] ;+sng s]Gb|n] ug]{5 . pQm /fhZjsf] s]Gb|Lo / k|fb]lzs txdf Jojl:yt juL{s/0f / af“8kmf“8 ul/g]5 . 3/–hUuf, ;DklQ s/, ;jf/L ;fwg, /lh:6«];g b:t'/ nufotsf /fh:jsf cGo ;|f]tx¿ k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/;“u /xg]5g\ .

l s]Gb|Lo /fhZj / cg'bfgsf] af“8kmf“8sf nflu ljlQo cfof]u u7g ul/g]5 . o;sf ;fy} k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f k|of]hgsf nflu k|fb]lzs ;/sf/nfO{ C0f kl/rfng ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .

l k|b]z cGtu{t :jzf;gsf] clwsf/ ;lxtsf ufp“ / gu/df :yfgLo :jfoQ ;/sf/sf] k'g{;+/rgf ul/g]5 .

l s]Gb|df b'O{ ;bg / k|b]zdf Ps ;bgfTds ;+;b x'g]5 . dflyNnf] ;bgdf ;a} k|b]zsf] ;dfg k|ltlglwTj x'g]5 . tNnf] ;bg / k|fb]lzs ;+;bdf slDtdf ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;lxt ldl>t lgjf{rg k|0ffnLaf6 k|ltlglwx¿ lgjf{lrt x'g]5g\ .

l s]Gb|Lo / k|fb]lzs ;+;b\sf] r'gfj ldl>t lgjf{rg k|0ffnLsf cfwf/df ul/g]5 . cflbjf;L hghflt, dw];L, blnt, dlxnf nufot ljljw ;d"xsf] hg;+Vofsf cfwf/df ;dfj]zL ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

l s]Gb|df sfo{kflnsf k|d'vsf] ¿kdf k|wfgdGqL / k|b]zdf k|b]z k|d'vsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . s]Gb|Lo / k|fb]lzs dGqLkl/ifb\sf] u7g ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ul/g]5 .

l /fHonfO{ ;dfj]zL 9f“rfdf abNg ;fgf]eGbf ;fgf] ;d"xsf] ;d]t /fHo ;+/rgfdf / lg0f{o k|lqmofdf kx'“r Pj+ ;xeflutfsf nflu ;fdflhs Gofo ;lxtsf] ;sf/fTds lje]bsf] gLlt cjnDag ul/g]5 .

%=!=# ;dfj]zL nf]stGq

g]kfnL sf“u|]; efjL /fHo;+/rgfdf dlxnf, pTkLl8t hghflt÷cflbjf;L, dw];L, blnt, >dhLjL ;fy} ;d:t lk5l8Psf] If]q nufot cfly{s–;fdflhs ljsf; k|lqmofdf k5fl8 jf aflx/ k/]sf hflt, ;d'bfo / ju{x¿ ;a}sf] /fHo;+/rgfdf kx'“r x'g] ;dfj]zL nf]stGqsf] lgdf{0f Pj+ ljsf; ug{ rfxG5 . pgLx¿sf] ;zlQms/0fsf pkfo / cj;/x¿sf] lgdf{0f Pj+ clej[l4 u/L, zf;g k|lqmof / k|0ffnLdf ;dfg Pj+ ;fy{s ;xeflutfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ k|lta4 5 . o;sf nflu ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf / ;dfj]zL lgjf{rg k|0ffnL, ;Ifd, lgikIf / ;dfj];L k|zf;goGq, ljs]lGb|t clwsf/, ;sf/fTds lje]bsf] gLltnfO{ cjnDjg u/L ;a}df ;fwg–;|f]t;DkGg hgzlQm lgdf{0fsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

%=!=$ lx+;faf6 d'QmM lbuf] / zflGtk"0f{ nf]stGq

lx+;f, nf]stGq / hgtfsf] ;Dk|e'tfdflysf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] vt/f xf] . lx+;f, d'n'ssf] cfly{s k|ultsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] afws xf] . lx+;f, ;fdflhs Pstf / ;b\efjnfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg] sf/0f klg xf] . g]kfnL sf“u|]; ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;du| lgjf{rg k|lqmofnfO{ zflGtk"0f{ / ljå]if /lxt 9+un] cufl8 a9fpg cfXjfg ub}{, ;+ljwfg;efsf] u7gkl5 d'n'snfO{ cem lbuf] zflGt / /fli6«o ;xdltsf] k|oTgåf/f hLjGt nf]stGq / cfly{s ;Dj[l4sf] 9f]sf vf]Ng rfxG5 . To;}n] lx+;fd'Qm nf]stGq ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf g]kfnL sf“u|];sf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ Ph]08f xf] .

%=!=% ;dfgtf / ;d[l4sf nflu nf]stGq

g]kfnL sf“u|]; cfly{s ;Dj[l4, ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs Gofosf] ;'lgZrttf dfkm{t\ nf]stGqnfO{ lbuf] / kl/0ffdd'vL agfpg] ljifodf /fli6«o ;xdlt lgdf{0f ug{ k|ltj4 5 . g]kfnL sf+u]|; lghL If]qsf] pBdzLntf / nufgLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ub}{ cfly{s ;dj[l4 ug]{ cfly{s gLltsf] kIfdf 5 eg] csf]{tkm{ cfly{s j[l4sf] ;a} ju{ / If]qdf Gofof]lrt kx+'r a9fpg ;dfhjfbL cjwf/0ffnfO{ cfwf/ dfGb} ;fdflhs Gofo, ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] gLltnfO{ cjnDag ug{ rfxG5 . g]kfnL hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ ;'wf/ u/L /fli6«o ;d[l4 a9fP/ dfq nf]stGq lbuf] /xg ;Sb5 eGg] tYonfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ cfly{s ;d'Ggltdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] k|ltkmn lk5l8Psf] If]q, ;d"x / ju{df k'¥ofpg' klg TolQs} dxTjk"0f{ ljifo xf] .

Jofks nufgL k|j4{gM d'n'ssf] cfly{s ;+j[l4 ;/sf/ / lghL If]qsf] Jofks nufgLsf] k|j4{gåf/f ;'lglZrt x'G5 . tLj| ultn] cfly{s ljsf; ul//x]sf b'O{ ljzfn l5d]sL d'n'ssf] cg'ej ;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut u/L g]kfnsf] cfly{s j[l4b/ cf7b]lv bz k|ltzt k'¥ofpg nufgLdf j[l4 ul/g] 5 . /fi6«sf dxTjk"0f{ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL, l;+rfO{ / u/LaL lgjf/0fsf nflu tyf /fli6«o k|fyldstfsf of]hgfx¿df Jofks ;/sf/L nufgL k|j4{g ug'{sf ;fy} lghL If]qsf] pBdzLntf / nufgLnfO{ Jofks ¿kdf k|j4{g / ;+/If0f ug {] cfly{s gLltdf ;'b[9 /fli6«o ;xdlt sfod ul/g]5 . o;sf ;fy} /fli6«o k|fyldstfsf If]qx¿df ljb]zL ;xfotf / k|ToIf j}b]lzs nufgL cfdGq0f ul/g] 5 . gLlh If]qdf ljBdfg Joj:yfkg bIftf, gof“ k|ljlw k|of]u / pBdzLntfsf] pkof]uåf/f tLj|¿kdf ljsl;t eO/fv]sf] ef/t / rLgsf] ljzfn cy{tGqsf] nfe g]kfndf leq\ofpg] gLlt cjnDjg ul/g]5 .

j}b]lzs Jofkf/M g]kfnsf] t'ngfTds nfesf] If]qdf pBf]u Joj;fonfO{ k|f]T;fxg / ;+/If0f ug]{ lglt lnO a}b]lzs lgof{t Jofkf/nfO{ a9fOg]5 .

k"jf{wf/ ljsf;M oftfoft / ;+rf/

b]zsf] ;a} lhNnfx¿df df]6/ ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg] sfo{qmd g]kfnL sf“u|];s} kxndf z'? ul/Psf] xf] . kmn:j¿k clxn] clw/fHosf] s/La &) lhNnfdf df]6/ af6f]sf] ;'ljwf k'lu;s]sf] 5 . cfufdL % jif{leq af“sL ;a} lhNnfdf df]6/ ;'ljwf k'¥ofOg]5 / ;a} lhNnf ;b/d'sfd hf]8\g] ;8sx¿nfO{ sfnf]kq] agfpg] cleofg rnfOg]5 . d]rLb]lv dxfsfnL hf]8\g] clxn]sf] k"j{ klZrd /fhdfu{sf cltl/Qm x'nfsL /fhdfu{, dWo kxf8L /fhdfu{ Pj+ r'/] /fhdfu{nfO{ cfufdL % jif{leq afx«} dlxgf rNg ;Sg]u/L ;DkGg ul/g]5 . sf7df8f}“af6 t/fO{ hf]8\g] “ast track /fhdfu{sf] cfufdL % jif{leq lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf bf];|f] rqmky / Jojl:yt ;8s ;~hfnnfO{ lgdf{0fnfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy cuf8L a9fOg]5 . To;sf cltl/Qm clw/fHosf ;a} uf=lj=;=nfO{ oftfoft ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg ;8s ;~hfn lgdf{0fsf] sfo{qmd cl3 a9fOg]5 . t/fO{sf] lghu9df cfw'lgs cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg :yn lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . kf]v/f / e}/xjfdf klg j}b]lzs nufgL cfslif{t u/L cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . g]kfn jfo' ;]jf lgudnfO{ lghL If]qsf] ;fem]bf/L ;+rfng ul/g]5 . v'nf cfsfz gLtLdfkm{t\ /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o xjfO ;]jfdf a[l4 ul/g]5 . 6]lnkmf]g OG6/g]6 ;'ljwf ;a} uf=lj=;= Pj+ dfWolds ljBfnodf k'¥ofpg] sfo{sf nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ ;/sf/L / lghL If]qsf] nufgL pkof]u ul/g]5 .

;d'bfo ;+rflnt ljsf; lgdf{0fM :yfgLo :t/df ;+rfng x'g] jg, vfg]kfgL, l;+rfO{, af6f], lah'nL, lzIff, :jf:Yo, s[lif h:tf cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf;df :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf / :jfldTjnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 . o;n] ljsf; lgdf{0fdf hgtfsf] lg0f{o / ;xeflutfnfO{ a9fP/ ;b'kof]u / ;'zf;gdf a[l4 Nofpg]5 .

;xsf/L cfGbf]ngM xfd|f] cy{tGqdf s[lif If]qsf] k|efjzfnL e"ldsf ePsf sf/0f tyf kf/:kl/s cGt/lge{/tfsf] ;fdflhs agf]6 ePsf sf/0f ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;3g 9+un] s[lif ;fdfu|L / pTkfbgsf If]qdf ;fy} cGo j:t' / ;]jfx¿sf] ;/n / ;xh pTkfbg / ljt/0f, ;fgf art ;+sng / C0f kl/rfngsf] dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/ agfpg] gLlt cjnDag ul/g] 5 .

s[lif–ko{6g / hn;|f]tM g]kfnsf] t'ngfTds nfe ePsf /fli6«o k|fyldstfsf tLg k|d'v If]q x'g . oL If]qdf Jofks nufgL j[l4 u/L cfo cfh{g / /f]huf/L sf cj;/x¿ l;h{gf x'“bf km/flsnf] cfwf/sf] pRr cfly{s j[l4 k|fKt x'g] / u/LjL lgjf/0fdf rf“8f] / Jofks k|efj kb{5 .

s[lif / ls;fgM g]kfnsf] s[lif If]q / ls;fgx¿sf] hLjg:t/df cfd"n ;'wf/sf nflu /fli6«o cleofg s]lGb|t ug{ s[lif ljsf;sf] kGw| jifL{o lb3{sfnLg of]hgf cg'¿k l;rfO{–s[lif, ;8s, s[lif ahf/, s[lif C0f, jLp–jLhg, zLt e08f/ / dnvfbsf] PsLs[t sfo{qmdnfO{ k||efjsf/L 9+un] ;+rfng ul/g]5 . s[ifsx¿sf] lxtdf nlIft sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 . Go"g cfo ePsf s[lif Cl0fx¿nfO{ C0f ;x'lnot lbg] sfo{x¿nfO{ cuf8L a9fOg]5 .

e"ldsf] pTkfbsTj j[l4 / ;3g k|of]u a9fpg] u/L e"ld ;'wf/ / e"–pkof]usf] j}1flgs gLltsf af/]df /fli6«o ;xdlt sfod ul/g]5 .

s[lifsf] k"0f{ Joj;flos/0f, h}ljs ljljwtf, df6f], jftfj/0f / hnjfo';“u tfnd]n x'g]u/L ahf/sf] dfu cg'¿k s[lif pTkfbgsf ljz]if If]qx¿ ljsl;t ul/g] 5g\ . hdLg, hn, h+un, hl8a'6L / h}ljs ljljwtf cflbsf] k|of]u / ;+/If0fnfO{ ls;fgsf] g};lu{s clwsf/ dflgg] 5 . pknAw l;+rfOsf ;|f]t Pj+ ;Defjgfx¿sf] klxrfg u/L ;'Vvf If]qdf l;+rfOsf] k|aGw ldnfOg]5 . k"j{df ;'g sf]zL 8fOe;{g Pj+ klZrd e]/L 8fOe;{g h:tf cfof]hgfx¿ cl3 a9fO{ l;+rfO{ If]qaf6 jlGrt /x]sf t/fO{sf e"–efudf l;+rfO ;'ljwf k'¥ofOg]5 . s[lifsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f / Jofj;flos/0f u/L a9L d"Nodf laqmL ug{ ;lsg] lrof, skmL, kmnkm"n, k'ik Joj;fo nufotsf v]tL lj:tf/ u/L b]zdf k/Dk/fut j:t'sf ;fy} lgof{thGo s[lif j:t'sf] ljsf; u/L s[ifsx¿sf] hLjg :t/ p7fOg]5 . jg ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f ;Da4{g / Joj;flos/0fdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . hldg, kfgL / h+unsf] a}1flgs Aoj:yfkg dfkm{t\ jftfj/0fsf] lbuf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbOg]5 . ;fd'bflos jg / ;fem]bf/L jgsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cuf8L a9fOg]5 .

cf}Bf]lus/0fM ljut bzsdf xf“l;n u/]sf] cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] qmd lx+;fTds åGb / /fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf sf/0f lzlyn x'g k'Uof] . casf] zflGt k|lqmof;“u} b]zdf cf}Bf]lus/0fsf] gof“ cleofg z'? u/L /f]huf/Lsf nfvf}+ cj;/x¿ ;[hgf ul/g] 5g\ / s[lifdf cf>[t cy{tGqsf] cfw'lgs ¿kfGt/0f ul/g]5 . ;/sf/ lghL If]q / dhb"/ o'lgogx¿ ;d]tsf] ;xdltdf cf}Bf]lus zflGt :yfkgf u/L pko'{Qm nufgLsf] jftfj/0f >[hgf ul/g]5 . :jb]zL >d, zLk / sRrf kbfy{df cfwfl/t pBf]u / ;]jfsf If]qx¿nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .

j}b]lzs /f]huf/M @)$^ ;fnsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5 v'n]sf] j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf] kl/0ffdn] d'n'sdf jflif{s ¿kdf c/af}“ /]ld6]G; lelq/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] dxTjnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg] gful/sx¿sf] ;Lk j[l4 / >d ;'/IffnfO{ k|Tofe"t ug{ pRr k|fyldstfsf ;fy cfjZos k|aGw ul/g]5 . k|jf;L tyf u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnLx¿sf] l;k / k"“hLnfO{ b]z ljsf;df nufpg ljz]if Aoa:yf ldnfpg]5 .

ko{6gM ko{6g k"jf{wf/sf] /fli6«o ;+hfn lgdf{0f ug'{sf ;fy} jif{el/ g} g]kfndf ko{6s leq\ofpg] u/L lxdfnL ko{6s, kxf8L e]udf kbofqf ug]{ ko{6s, l/e/ /fkm\l6Ë, wfld{s / g]kfnsf] ;f“:s[lts ljljwtfnfO{ lrgfpg] ;f“:s[lts ko{6gsf] k|j4{g ug]{ s'/fdf /fli6«o ;xdlt lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . kz'klt If]q, n'lDjgL, hgsk'/wfd nufotsf dxTjk'0f{ wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts If]qsf] ljsf;nfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbO{ wfld{s ;f+:s[lts ko{6g a9fpg hf]8 lbOg]5 . cfufdL kf“r jif{leq g]kfn cfpg] ko{6ssf] ;+Vofdf bf]Aa/ j[l4 u/L !) nfv k'¥ofOg]5 / /f]huf/sf cj;/x¿ l;h{gf ul/g]5 .

hn;|f]tM k|r'/ ;Defjgf ePsf] hn;|f]tsf] If]q g]kfnsf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] d]?b08 xf] . o; If]qdf nufgL k|j4{g ubf{ tTsfn cfo cfh{g / /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ a9\g'sf ;fy} cy{tGqsf c? If]qdf ;d]t cg's"n k|efj kg]{ x'“bf hn;|f]t ljsf;sf] /fli6«o gLlt df cljnDa /fli6«o ;xldt sfod u/L /fli6«o / j}b]lzs nufgL k|j4{g ul/g]5 . ljut bzsdf g]kfnL sf“u|];n] z'? ug{ nfu]sf] c?0f t];|f] of]hgfnfO{ To;kl5 ag]sf] cNk;+Vos ;/sf/sf] cb'/bzL{tfsf sf/0f t'xfpg] sfd eof] . kmn:j¿k clxn] b]zn] nf]8;]l8ªsf] df/ vKg' k/]sf] 5 . ca o:tf] uNtL k'gM bf]xl/Pdf /fi6«n] 7"nf] gf]S;fgL a]xf]g'{ kg]{5 . t;y{ xfn sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL, klZrd ;]tL, c?0f t];|f], dflyNnf] s0ff{nL nufotsf 7"nf, demf}nf / ;fgf of]hgfnfO{ oyfzL3| sfof{Gjog ug{ cfufdL !) jif{leq ljB't pTkfbgdf em08} !) v08n] j[l4 u/L slDtdf %))) d]3fjf6 pTkfbg k'¥ofOg]5 . ljB't lgof{taf6 c/af}“sf] ljb]zL d'b|f cfh{g dfq xf]Og, ;'ne / ;:tf] pmhf{ ljsf; u/L b]z leqsf] cf}Bf]lus/0fsf] cfwf/ l;h{gf ul/g]5 . a}slNks pmhf{ ;|f]tx¿sf] pkof]u u/L cfufdL !) jif{leq b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ e"–efux¿df ljB't ;]jf k'¥ofOg]5 .

/fli6«o lxtdf v'nf cy{tGqM ljZj cy{tGq kf/:kl/s cGt/ lge{/tf / ;DaGwsf] g"tg o'udf 5 . g]kfn o;sf] ckjfb x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] pbf/ / k|lt:kwf{Tds ljZj cy{tGq;“u :jfefljs cfly{s ;DaGw /fVg Pj+ nufgL, Jofkf/ / k|ljlw k|of]usf] nfe / cj;/ l;h{gf ug{ xfd|f] cfkm\gf] cy{tGqnfO{ ;d]t pbf/, ahf/d'vL / k|lt:kwf{d"ns agfpg clgjfo{ 5 . t/ ljsf;f]Gd'v / e"kl/j]li7t d'n'ssf ¿kdf ljZj cy{tGq;“u ;dfof]hg x'“bf g]kfnL cy{tGqdf kg{ ;Sg] gsf/fTds k|efjnfO{ Go"g ug]{ k|fljlws / Joj:yfksLo ;ts{tf cjnDag ul/g] 5 . ;fy} ahf/ cy{tGqnfO{ u/LaL lgjf/0fdf s]lGb|t u/]/ ;fdflhs lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug]{ 9f“rfdf cufl8 a9fpg g]kfnL sf“u|]; k|ltj4 5 .

cfly{s j[l4sf] k|ltkmn u/LjL lgjf/0fdfM pRr cfly{s j[l4 b/sf] k|flKtn] dfq u/LjL / a]/f]huf/Lsf ;a} ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg x'“b}gg\ . o;sf nflu cfly{s j[l4 km/flsnf] / ;dfhsf lgDg ju{ / If]qx¿ ;d]tnfO{ ;d]6\g] vfnsf] x'g'kb{5 . To;}n] hg;+Vofsf] 7"nf] lx:;f ;+nUg ePsf] s[lif / ko{6g h:tf If]q tyf u|fdL0f k"j{wf/ lgdf{0fdf nufgL s]lGb|t u/L pRr cfly{s j[l4b/ ;'lglZrt ug'{sf ;fy} dlxnf, blnt, afn–aflnsf, ckfË, j[4–j[4f, cflbjf;L–hghflt, dw];L ;d'bfo / s0ff{nL h:tf ljs6 ef}uf]lns If]qnfO{ nlIft u/L u/LaL lgjf/0fsf] k|efjsf/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g] 5 . cfufdL !% jif{leq b]zaf6 lg/k]If u/LjLsf] cGTo ug]{ nIo lnOg]5 .

%=!=^ /fli6«o Pstf k|j4{g ug]{ nf]stGq

g]kfndf /x]sf eflifs, hftLo / ;f+:s[lts ljljwtfx¿ xfd|f /fli6«o ;Dkbf x'g\ . of] ljljwtfo'St ;f+:s[lts

w/f]x/nfO{ s]jn Pp6f pbf/ / ;d'Ggt nf]stGqn] dfq Pstfsf] ;"qdf jf“Wg ;S5 . ;+ljwfg;efåf/f /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf ubf{ ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds /fHo ;+/rgf, ;dfj]zL / ldl>t lgjf{rg k|0ffnL, hgk|ltlglwaf6} /fi6« k|d'vsf] rog / hLjGt nf]stflGqs cEof;sf sf/0f g]kfn /fli6«o Pstfsf] gof“ o'udf k|j]z ug]{5 . /fli6«o Pstfsf] k|tLs ca km]l/ Pp6f JolQm / kb x'g] 5}g, ;a}sf] ;dfj]zL / ;+j}wflgs ;+3Lo nf]stGq x'g]5 .

g]kfnL sf“u|]; nf]stGqn] kf]if0f ug]{ /fli6«o Pstfsf] of] g"tg efjwf/fnfO{ lnP/ b]zdf ;fdflhs / ;fDk|bflos ;b\efj sfod ub}{ lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{sf] kf/:kl/s Pstf / /fli6«o cv08tf k|j4{g ug]{ ;+sNk ;lxt hgtfsf] dfemdf hfg]5 . /fli6«o Pstf / cv08tfo'St nf]stGq g]kfnL sf“u|];sf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ lgjf{rg Ph]08f x'g]5 .

%=!=& cfGtl/s nf]stGq;lxt kf/bzL{ / pQ/bfoL /fhgLlts bn

ax'bnLo nf]stGqsf] ljsf; / ;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] g]t[Tj, ;+u7g ;+/rgf / sfo{ljlw klg nf]stflGqs x'g' cfjZos 5 . xltof/ / ;}Gob:tf ;lxtsf] bnLo ;+/rgfnfO{ nf]stGqn] cg'dlt lb+b}g . /fhgLlts bnx¿n]] lgM;}GoLs[t Pj+ v'nf ;+u7g ;+/rgf, lgjf{lrt Pj+ pQ/bfoL g]t[Tj, cfly{s kf/bzL{tf nufotsf nf]stflGqs d"No / dfGotfsf] kfngf ug'{ kg]{ ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf ul/g]5 . g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs ljljwtfsf] plrt k|ltlglwTj x'g]u/L /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;+u7g ;+/rgf ;dfj]zL agfOg] 5 .

%=!=* cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw / k//fi6«gLlt

g]kfnsf] /fli6«o klxrfg, :jfwLgtf Pj+ /fli6«o lxtnfO{ ljZj ;d'bfodf lgjf{w ¿kdf ;+j4{g tyf ;+/If0f ug{' / ljZj zflGt, ;b\efj / ;d'Ggltsf nflu oyf;So of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' g]kfnsf] k//fi6« gLltsf] d'Vo nIo x'g]5 . o;sf] cfwf/ / p2]Zox¿ lgDgfg';f/ x'g]5g\ —

l ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] j8fkq, k~rzLn, c;+nUgtf, /fli6«olxt Pj+ ;'/Iff, k//fi6« gLlt / cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGwsf d"n cfwf/ x'g]5g\ .

l kf/:kl/s ;Ddfg, ;b\efj / ;dfgtfsf cfwf/df ;a} /fi6«x¿;“u ;DaGw / ldqtf sfod ul/g]5 .

l ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;b:osf ¿kdf g]kfnsf] cGt/f{li6«o 5ljnfO{ zflGtk|]dL, nf]stflGqs / /fli6«o :jfwLgtfk|]dL :jtGq /fi6«sf ¿kdf k|:t't ul/g]5 .

l l5d]sL ldq /fi6«x¿ ef/t / rLg;“usf] ;DaGwnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGwsf d"No / dfGotf cg'¿k Jofjxfl/s / j:t'lgi7 cfwf/df d}qLk"0f{ agfOg] 5 .

l If]qLo ljsf; / ;dembf/Lsf nflu 7f]; kl/0ffdd'vL ;xof]u k'Ug] u/L blIf0f PlzofnL /fi6«x¿sf] ;+u7g -;fs{_nfO{ ;[hgfTds ¿kfGt/0f ul/g] 5 .

l g]kfndf /x]sf e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿sf] b]z kms{g kfpg] xssf] g]kfnL sf“u|]; ;w}+ ;dy{g ub{5 .

l j}b]lzs Jofkf/, ko{6g k|j4{g, g]kfndf ljbzL nufgL, ljb]zdf sfd ug]{ g]kfnL sfdbf/x¿sf] xs / ;'/Iff k|j4{gnfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy ljb]zl:yt s'6g}lts lgof]ux¿nfO{ kl/rflnt ul/g]5 . k|jf;L tyf u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnLx¿sf] clwsf/ / ;'/Iff ;'lglZrt ug{ Wofg lbOg]5 .

l ljZj Jofkf/ ;ª\u7gn] cNk ljsl;t b]zx¿nfO{ lbPsf] ljz]if 5'6x¿sf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjogdf hf]8 lbOg]5 .

l ljb]zL ;xfotf pkof]u gLtL / sfof{Gjog klqmofdf /fli6«o :jfldTj ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 .

%=@ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf d'n cfwf/ / l;4fGtM

;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;+;bLo lgjf{rg h:t} ;/sf/ agfpg] lgjf{rg dfq xf]Og, of] b]zsf] ;jf]{Rr sfg"g lgdf{0f ug]{ lgjf{rg xf] . ;+ljwfg ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL hgtfsf] rf;f] / ;dy{g k|fKt b]zsf] d"n sfg"g x'g] ePsfn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofdf ;a} hgtf / kIfsf] ;xdlt / ;xeflutf k|f]T;flxt ug{ cfjZos x'G5 eGg] g]kfnL sf“u|];sf] dfGotf 5 . oxL sf/0fn] ubf{ ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg k|0ffnLnfO{ ;dfj]zL / ;xeflutfd"ns agfpg] k|of; x'g'k5{ / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmofnfO{ klg ax'dt / cNkdtsf] ljefhgåf/f xf]Og, ;xdltsf] k|of;åf/f 6'+uf] nufpg] ljlw cjnDjg ul/g' kb{5 eGg] g]kfnL sf“u|];sf] wf/0ff /x]sf] 5 .

@)^@–^# ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf qmddf hgtfåf/f cleJoQm efjgf, cfGbf]ngsf/L /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿sf] dfem ePsf P]ltxfl;s ;xdlt / ;dembf/L, lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf / g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^#, dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ff— !($* nufot, g]kfn /fi6«sf] kIfdf ePsf xfd|f cGt/f{li6«o k|lta4tfx¿n] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf d"n cfwf/ / l;4fGtx¿nfO{ dfu{bz{g ub{5g\ . g]kfnL sf“u|]; hgtfsf aLrdf rlr{t / ;+u|lxt log} nf]stflGqs ;+j}wflgs l;4fGtx¿nfO{ ;dy{g ub}{ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] lgDg lnlvt cfwf/ / l;4fGtx¿df pleP/ /fli6«o ;xdlt sfod ug]{ k|ltj4tf k|s6 ug{ rfxG5 .

%=@=! /fli6«o Pstf / cv08tf

g]kfn /fi6«df ljBdfg hftLo, eflifs, ;f“:s[lts, ef}uf]lns nufot ;a} k|sf/sf ljljwtfsf] klxrfg, k|ltlglwTj / :jfldTjnfO{ ;'lglZrt ub}{ g]kfnL hgtfsf aLr ;b\efj Pj+ ;f}xfb|tfnfO{ cIf'00f /fVb} g]kfnsf] /fli6«o Pstf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf Pj+ cv08tfnfO{ ;'lglZrt / ;'b[9 ul/g] 5 .

%=@=@ hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qf

;+ljwfg;efåf/f ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] d"n cfwf/ ;Dk|e' hgtf x'g\ . To;}n] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf k"0f{¿kn] hgtfdf lglxt /xg]5 .

%=@=# ;+ljwfgsf] ;jf]{Rrtf

;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/åf/f lgdf{0f ul/Psf] ;+ljwfgsf] ;jf]{Rrtf cg'n+3gLo x'g]5 .

%=@=$ g]kfn /fHosf] :j¿k

g]kfn Ps :jtGq / ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg k"0f{ nf]stflGqs ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds /fHo x'g]5 .

%=@=% /fi6« k|d'vsf] lgjf{rg

g]kfnsf] eflifs, hftLo–;f+:s[lts tyf wfld{s ljljwtfnfO{ k|ltljlDjt ug]{ dxfg\ p2]Zo / nf]stflGqs k|lqmof cg'¿k /fi6« k|d'vsf] ¿kd /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg s]Gb|Lo ;+;b / k|fb]lzs ;+;bsf ;b:ox¿af6 x'g]5 .

%=@=^ /fi6«sf] sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] Joj:yf

s]Gb|Lo sfo{kflnsf] k|d'v k|wfgdGqL x'g]5 . sfo{sf/L clwsf/ k|wfgdGqLdf lglxt x'g]5 .

%=@=& dfgj clwsf/, df}lns xs Pj+ gful/s tyf /fhgLlts :jtGqtf

dfgjclwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ff !($* tyf cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg"gåf/f Jojl:yt / kl/eflift Pj+ lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf–@)^# / g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# df k|ltj4tf ul/Psf dfgj clwsf/ / cs'l07t k|]; :jtGqtf ;lxt gful/ssf /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, eflifs Pj+ ;f+:s[lts xs nufot ;a} j}olQms clwsf/ Pj+ :jtGqtfnfO{ ;'/lIft ul/g]5 .

%=@=* JolQm :jtGqtf

x/]s gful/ssf] cleJolQm :jtGqtf, zflGtk"0f{ e]nf x'g] :jtGqtf, /fhgLlts bn tyf ;+3–;+:yf u7g ug]{ :jtGqtf, b]zsf] s'g} klg efudf cfjt–hfjt / a;f]af; ug]{ :jtGqtf / s'g} klg k]zf, Joj;fo, pBf]u, Jofkf/ / /f]huf/ ug]{ :jtGqtf ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 .

%=@=( ;DklQsf] xs

;a} gful/snfO{ cfºgf] OR5f cg';f/ pBd / Joj;fosf] :jtGqtfsf] xs x'g]5 . o;sf ;fy} JolQmsf] ;DklQsf] xs k"0f{ ¿kn] k|Tofe"t ul/g]5 .

%=@=!) wd{ lg/k]Iftf / wfld{s :jtGqtf

/fHo wd{ lg/k]If x'g]5 . /fHon] s'g} wd{sf] kIf / ljkIf lng] 5}g . wd{nfO{ JolQmut ljZjf; / lgi7fsf] ljifo dflgg]5 . k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfºgf] ljZjf; cg';f/ wd{ / pkf;gf k4lt u|x0f ug{] jf gug]{ clwsf/ /xg]5 . ;dfhdf wfld{s ;lxi0f'tfsf] jftfj/0f sfod /fVg' /fHosf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

%=@=!! ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs k4lt

jflnu dtflwsf/, cfjlws lgjf{rg, ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{, zlQm k[ysLs/0f, ;+j}wflgs ;Gt'ng / lgoGq0f, :jtGq Gofokflnsf, :jtGq k|];, ljlwsf] zf;g, ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj ;lxtsf] pQ/bfoL Pj+ kf/bzL{ / ;dfj]zLk"0f{ zf;g k|0ffnLsf] lgdf{0f ul/g]5 .

%=@=!@ ;+3Lo /fHo ;+/rgf

g]kfnsf] jt{dfg PsfTds / s]Gb|Ls[t /fHo ;+/rgfsf] cGTo u/L, :jfoQ k|b]zx¿ ePsf] ;+3Lo /fHo agfOg]5 . :jfoQ k|b]z /rgfsf] k|d'v cfwf/x¿— g]kfnsf] /fli6«o cv08tf, ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt / cg's"ntf, hg;+Vof, k|fs[lts ;|f]t / cfly{s ;+efJotf, k|b]zx¿sf] cGt/;DaGw, eflifs÷hftLo Pj+ ;f+:s[lts ;3gtf, /fhgLlts÷k|zf;lgs ;DefJotf cflb x'g]5g\ . ljs]lGb|t / :jfoQtf ;lxtsf] clwsf/ ;DkGg :yfgLo lgsfosf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

%=@=!# ljljwtfdf Pstf

g]kfn ljleGg efiff, hflt, ;+:s[lt tyf ;fdflhs ljljwtfn] el/Psf] b]z xf] . of] g]kfn /fi6«s} k"“hL xf] . o;nfO{ s'g} Psn efiff, hflt, ;+:s[ltsf cfwf/df s'l07t ul/g' x'Gg . o;sf] ;Ddfg, klxrfg / xs÷clwsf/sf] ;+j}wflgs dfGotfsf ;fy} ;Dj4{gsf nflu :jtGq ;+j}wflgs ;+:yfut Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .

%=@=!$ ax'eflifs /fHo

g]kfnsf ;a} dft[efiffnfO{ ;dfg ¿kn] /fli6«o efiff dflgg] 5 . g]kfnL efiff s]Gb|sf nflu ;/sf/L sfdsfh / /fli6«o ;Dks{ efiff x'g]5 . s'g k|b]zn] s'g s'g efiffnfO{ k|fb]lzs ;/sf/L efiffsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{ eGg] lg0f{o ;DalGwt k|b]zsf] Joj:yflksf -;+;b\_n] ug]{5 . s]Gb|, k|b]z / :yfgLo lgsfon] sfg"g adf]hd tf]lsPsf] cf}krfl/s efiff k|of]u u/]] klg Gofofno / ;/sf/L sfof{nodf ;a} gful/snfO{ dft[efiffdf cfkm\gf] egfO /fVg] clwsf/ x'g]5 .

%=@=!% :jtGq ;+j}wflgs c+ux¿

zlQm / clwsf/sf] b'¿kof]u lgoGq0f, e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf ;fy} hglgjf{lrt Pj+ pQ/bfoL zf;gsf] ;'lgZro ug{ lgjf{rg cfof]u, dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, nf]s;]jf cfof]u, dxfn]vf kl/Ifs, e|i6frf/ tyf clVtof/ b'¿kof]u lgoGq0f cfof]u h:tf :jtGq ;+j}wflgs cfof]ux¿sf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

%=@=!^ lghfdtL ;]jf

;+3Lo ;+/rgf adf]lhd s]Gb| / k|b]zsf] cf–cfkm\g} lghfdlt k|zf;g /xg]5 . nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] ;+/rgf klg ;f]xL adf]lhd x'g]5 .

%=@=!& :jtGq, ;Ifd / pQ/bfoL Gofo k|0ffnL

nf]stflGqs d"No / dfGotfsf] hu]gf{ ub}{ ;+j}wflgs ;jf]{Rrtf / ljlwsf] zf;g sfod u/fpg] dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L Gofokflnsfsf] x'g]5 . s]Gb|df ;jf]{Rr cbfnt x'g]5 . s]Gb| / k|b]zdf cfjZostf cg';f/ k'g/fj]bg / cGo cbfntx¿sf] Joj:yf ;+3Lo ;+/rgf cg'¿k x'g]5 .

Gofofno :jtGq / pQ/bfoL dfq} xf]Og, ;Ifd / lgikIf klg x'g]5 . ljBdfg sfg"gsf] pbf/ JofVofåf/f Gofosf kIfdf pleg] sfd Gofofnon] ug]{5 .

GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo'lQm k|lqmof ;+;b\ dfkm{t ;fj{hlgs ;'gjfOsf] ljlwåf/f ;DkGg x'g]5 . Go"gtd of]Uotf k'u]sf, Gofo If]qdf cfkm\gf] Ifdtf / of]ubfg lbPsf cfwf/df GofofwLzx¿ lgo'lQmsf nflu k|:tfljt ul/g] 5g\ .

Joj:yflksf -;+;b\_ åf/f lgld{t sfg"g adf]lhd GofofwLznfO{ ;+;b\n] dxfcleof]u nufpg] / lg0f{o ug]{ k|fjwfg ;+ljwfgdf g} x'g]5 .

lgikIf, l56f] / 5l/tf] 9+un] cfdhgtfsf lglDt Gofo lbnfpg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrtf ug{ Gofofnosf s'g} klg txdf k/]sf d'2fx¿sf] Pp6f lglZrt ;do tflnsf leq lg0f{o ug]{ kl/kf6L sfod ul/g]5 .

%=@=!* /fli6«o ;'/Iff k|0ffnL

;Ldf ;'/Iff / cfGtl/s zflGt ;'/Iff d'n'ssf] /fli6o ;'/Iff gLltsf] s]Gb|Lo ljifo /xg]5 . uDeL/ ljQLo ;+s6, k|fs[lts ljkb, vfB Pj+ pmhf{ ;+s6 cflbaf6 pTkGg x'g ;Sg] ;'/Iff ;+s6 ;d]tnfO{ dWogh/ /fvL j[xt\ /fli6o ;'/Iff gLlt th'{df ul/g]5 .

/fli6«o ;'/Iffsf] hu]{gf ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ;]gfsf] dfq geO{ d'n'ssf ;a} hgtfsf] xf] eGg] ;'/Iff gLlt sf] dfGotf :yflkt ul/g]5 .

g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ nf]stflGqs, ;dfj]zL / Jofj;flos :j¿k k|bfg ul/g]5 .

;+;b\k|lt pQ/bfoL x'“b} s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/n] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgoGq0f, Joj:yfkg / ;+rfng ug]{5 .

zflGt ;'/Iff;“u ;DalGwt g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L, /fli6«o cg';Gwfg ljefu nufotsf ;'/Iff lgsfonfO{ ;+3Lo ;+/rgf cg's"n x'g] u/L k"0f{Jojl:yt ul/g]5 .

%=# /fHosf] sQ{JoM ;Dj[4 / ;dtfd"ns ;dfh

b]zdf Jofks pBdzLntf / nufgL k|j4{g ug{ cg's"n jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ bfloTj;“u} /fHon] lzIff–:jf:Yo ;]jf, ;a}sf nflu vfBfGg, /f]huf/L, >d clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt, o'jf k':tfsf nflu cfznfUbf] eljio, dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L–hghflt, lk5l8Psf] If]q, dw]zL ;d'bfo, afnaflnsf, j[4–j[4f Pj+ ckfËsf nflu ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dtf ;'lglZrt ug{] sQ{Jo lgjf{x ug]{5 . ;xz|fAbL nIox¿ lzIff, :jf:Yo, ul/aL lgjf/0f nufotsf ;+o'Qm /fi6\;+3n] to u/]sf] ;xz|fAbL nIox¿nfO{ k"/f ug'{klg /fHosf] bfloTj x'g]5 .

lzIffM lzIffnfO{ ;do ;fk]If, ;j{;'ne / u'0f:t/Lo agfpg' /fHosf] bfloTj x'g]5 . cfwf/e"t lzIff k|fKt ug'{ ;a} g]kfnL gful/ssf] df}lns xs x'g]5 . ;/sf/L / lghL If]qsf lzIffno aLrsf] a9\bf] vf8nnfO{ sd ug{ /fHon] ;/sf/L If]qsf] :t/df j[l4 ug{ Wofg lbg]5 eg] lghL If]qnfO{ ;fdflhs bfloTj jxg ug{ clgjfo{ ul/g]5 . /fHo / lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfdf k|fljlws / /f]huf/Ld"ns lzIffsf] lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . k|fylds txdf dft[ efiffdf lzIff xfl;n ug]{ cj;/ / !) sIff ;Ddsf] ljBfno lzIffsf] k|aGw /fHosf] bfloTj x'g]5 . ljZjljBfnosf] z}lIfs :t/nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf k|lt:kwL{ agfpg hf]8 lbOg]5 . lzIfs / k|fWofkssf] k]zfut ;'/Iff / k|fl1s :jtGqtfsf] ;'lglZrttf /fHosf] sQ{Jo x'g]5 . ;fj{hlgs :s'nx¿sf] z}lIfs u'0f:t/df j[l4 ug{ ljBdfg lzIfs 5gf]6, lgo'lQm / Joj:yfkg ;+oGqx¿df ;'wf/ ul/g] 5 . dWo / ;'b"/ klZrdf ax'd'vL ljZjljBfnox¿ lgdf{0f ul/g]5g\ .

:jf:YoM b]zsf ;a} gful/snfO{ cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] cj;/ l;h{gf ug'{ /fHosf] sQ{Jo x'g]5 . Go"g cfo ePsf hgtf vf;u/L u|fdL0f / b'u{d e]usf hgtf, afnaflnsf / dlxnfn] ;xh} :jf:Yo ;]jf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] u/L ;/sf/L c:ktfnsf] ;~hfn / u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf, :jf:Yo jLdf ;'lglZrt ug'{ /fHosf] bfloTj x'g]5 . dft[–lzz' :jf:Yo ;]jfsf ;DaGwdf /fHon] cfdf / gjhft lzz'sf] af“Rg kfpg] g};lu{s clwsf/nfO{ ;'/lIft ug]{5 . b]zleq} :jf:Yo If]qsf] hgzlQm pTkfbgdf hf]8 / :jf:Yo ;]jf If]qsf] u'0f:t/Lotfsf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg /fHosf] sQ{Jo x'g]5 . b]zleq g} ;a} k|sf/sf :t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jf pknAw u/fpg ;a} ;/sf/L, lghL Pj+ u}/;/sf/L If]qdf :jf:Yo If]qsf] nufgL j[l4 ug]{ gLlt lnOg]5 . Pr= cfO{= eL= P8\;sf] a9\bf] k|sf]k /f]Sg k"j{ ;ts{tf, /f]syfd / pkrf/sf] Joj:yf ug{ /fHon] ljz]if Wofg lbg]5 . b'Jo{;g /f]syfd / b'Jo{;gLsf] k'g{:yfkgfdf /fHon] Wofg lbg]5 .

vfB ;'/IffM ;a} g]kfnLnfO{ vfBfGgsf] pknAwtf ;'lglZrt ug'{, ef]s–csfn / s'kf]if0faf6 gful/s hLjgsf] /Iff ug'{ /fHosf] k|yd sQ{Jo x'g]5 . vfBfGg pTkfbg / cfk"lt{sf] k|efjsf/L cg'udgåf/f æef]s / s'kf]if0fsf lj?4 o'4Æ åf/f vfB ;'/Iff ;'lglZrt ug'{ /fHosf] cfwf/e"t p2]Zo x'g]5 .

/f]huf/LM ;a} gful/snfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] k|Tofe"lt ug'{ /fHosf] cfwf/e"t p2]Zo x'g]5 . Jofks nufgL k|j4{gåf/f pRr cfly{s j[l4, s[lif, ko{6g / hn;|f]t h:tf If]qsf] tLj| ljsf;, u|fdL0f If]qdf Jofks k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f Pj+ /f]huf/d"ns lzIffåf/f ;a}sf nflu /f]huf/L ;'lglZrt ug'{ /fHosf] sQ{Jo x'g]5 .

u/LaL lgjf/0fsf] /fli6«o cleofgM b'u{d ef}uf]lns If]q, u|fdL0f / zx/L If]qdf ;d]t u/LaL, j]/f]huf/L / cj;/ gkfP/ k5fl8 k/]sf g]kfnL hgtfsf lglDt cfo cfh{g / /f]huf/L, lzIff, :jf:Yo, tfnLd / cfjf;sf] /fli6«o cleofgåf/f lglZrt ;do cjlwleq u/LaL–lgjf/0f ug'{ /fHosf] sQ{Jo x'g]5 . n3' shf{sf] dfWodaf6 ul/aL lgjf/0fdf k'u]sf] of]ubfgnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} n3' shf{ sfo{qmdnfO{ b]ze/ lj:tf/ ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ul/g]5 .

:jtGq k|]; / ;~rf/sdL{x¿sf] ;'/IffM ljrf/ tyf cleJolQmsf] :jtGqtf, k|]; :jtGqtf / ;'rgfsf] xssf] k|Tofe"lt ;'lglZrt ul/g] 5 . dof{lbt, lhDd]jf/ / :jtGq Joj;flos kqsfl/tfsf] k|j{4g, ;~rf/ dfWodx¿df ;~rf/sdL{x¿sf] k]zfut Pj+ Joj;flos ljsf;sf] ;'lglZrttf / >dhLjL kqsf/x¿sf] ;+/If0f tyf ljsf; ul/g]5 . ;/sf/L ;~rf/ dfWodx¿nfO{ lgikIf / :jfoQ ul/g] 5 .

>lds÷dhb"/ clwsf/sf] /Iff / ;fdflhs ;'/IffM >dhLjL g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ cfwf/e"t >d clwsf/, dof{lbt /f]huf/L, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / Gofosf] k|Tofe"lt ug'{ /fHosf] sQ{Jo x'g]5 . >ldsx¿sf] lxt ;+/If0fsf nflu ;fdflhs ;+jfb / ;fd'lxs ;f}bfjfhLsf] k|lqmofnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 . c;+ul7t If]qdf sfo{/t s[lif dhb"/ nufot cGo >dhLjLx¿sf] clwsf/ ;'/Iff tyf clen]v /fVg] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . g]kfnL sf“u|]; d'n'sn] u/]sf] cGt/f{li6«o k|ltj4tf cg'¿k k|d'v >d dfkb08 (Core Labour Standard/ILO) nfO{ hf]8bf/ ;dy{g ub{5 .

o'jf k':tfsf] ;fem]bf/L / eljiosf] ;'lglZrttfM

g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gdf o'jf k':tfsf] jlnbfgLok"0f{ e"ldsfsf] g]kfnL sf“u|]; pRr sb/ ub{5 . g]kfnsf] gj lgdf{0fdf o'jfsf] l;h{gfTds pmhf{nfO{ clwstd pkof]u ug{ lzIffsf] kx'“rnfO{ ;j{;'ne / u'0f:t/Lo agfpg /fHon] pRr k|fyldstf lbg]5 . zLkd"ns lzIff dfkm{t o'jf /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/nfO{ lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . o'jfx¿sf aLr v]ns"b, snf / dgf]/~hgsf] kx'“r a9fpg cfjZos gLlt / sfo{qmd th'{df ug{ hf]8 lbOg]5 . ;dsfnLg ljZj 1fg / k|ljlw zlQm sf]c;dfg ljt/0f / pknAwtfsf sf/0f gof“ 9+usf] c;Gt'ng / lje]btkm{ pGd'v 5 . To;}n] b]zsf] o'jf k':tfnfO{ 1fg / k|ljlw zlQm o'Qm agfP/ ;'/lIft eljio ;'lglZrt ug'{ /fHosf] sQ{Jo x'g]5 .

e"=k"= ;}lgs, ;]jf lgj[Q k|x/L / sd{rf/LM /fHon] e"tk"j{ ;}lgs Pj+ ;]jf lgj[Q k|x/L / sd{rf/Lx¿sf] cg'ej, ;Lk, tflnd Pj+ IfdtfnfO{ b]z / ;dfhsf] lxtdf k|of]u ug]{5 . o; lglDt ;a}nfO{ cfly{s b[li6n] ;lqmo agfp“b} pTkfbgzLn sfo{df ;+nUg ug]{ gLlt cjnDjg ul/g]5 .

Ho]i7 gful/ssf] ;'/Iff M Ho]i7 gful/ssf] x]/rfx / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] plrt Joj:yf ug'{ /fHosf] bfloTj x'g]5 .

t];|f] lnËLsf] ;'/Iff M t];|f] lnËLsf] klxrfg / ;dfg clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 .

åGå ¿kfGt/0f / åGå kLl8tsf] k'g:yf{kgfM sfg'gsf] zf;gdfkm{t\ b08lxgtfsf] cGTo u/L zflGt ;'/Iffsf] l:ylt ;[hgf ug'{ /fHosf] d'Vo st{Ao x'g]5 . ljutsf] lx+;fTds åGbsf qmddf wghgsf] Iflt Joxf]/]sf ;a} gful/ssf] k'g:yf{kg, Ifltk"lt{ / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff lbg' /fHosf] st{Jo x'g]5 . cf–cfkm\gf] ;DklQaf6 a]bvn ePsfx¿sf] ;DklQ lkmtf{ ug]{ /fHosf] bfloTj x'g]5 .

v]ns'bsf] ljsf;M v]ns'bsf] ljsf; / Joj;foLs/0fnfO{ /fHon] pRr k|fyldstf lbg]5 . v]ns'bsf] ljsf; ;+/rgfnfO{ ufp“ tx;Dd lj:tfl/t ub}{, ljlzi6Ls/0f dfkm{t\ cGt/f{li6«o:t/df /fi6«sf] klxrfgnfO{ ljsl;t ug{ /fHon] Wofg lbg]5 .

;flxTo / snfM d'n'ssf] nf]stflGqs ¿kfGt/0fsf nflu ;flxTo, snf / ;+uLtsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 . o; If]q;“u ;DalGwt snfsdL{x¿sf] >[hgfTds of]ubfgsf] g]kfnL sf“u|]; xflb{s ;/fxgf ub{5 . gof“ /fHo k|0ffnLsf gof“ ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;df ;flxTo, snf / ;+uLtsf] ljsf;nfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lb+b} ;flxTo snfsdL{x¿sf] e"ldsf tyf l;h{gzLntfnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{ /fHosf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

cflbjf;L–hghfltsf] ;dfj]zL ;xeflutf M cflbjf;L–hghflt ;d'bfosf] /fHosf ;a} c+udf ;dfj]zL–;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj tyf cfly{s, ;fdflhs, eflifs / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ ;'lglZrt u/L /fhg}lts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts ;dtf, ;xeflutf / ;Dj[l4sf] /fli6«o cleofg ;+rfng ug]{ /fHosf] k|fylds st{Jo x'g]5 . /fp6], d'08f, s'zjflbof, ofNdf] nufotsf nf]kf]Gd'v cflbjf;Lsf] ;+/If0f / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff k|bfg ug'{ /fHosf] bfloTj x'g]5 . To:t} /fp6], r]kfª nufot / ;'b'/ klZrdsf cGo lk5l8Psf /fgf yf?, s7l/of yf?, /fhL ;d"bfo nufotsf cflbjf;Lsf] ;fdflhs ;'/IffnfO{ klg /fHon] pRr k|fyldstf lbg]5 .

dw]zL ;d'bfosf] ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfM dw]zL ;d'bfosf]] /fhgLlts ;dfj]zL–;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf, /fHosf] ;'/Iff lgsfo, lghfdtL sd{rf/L tyf /fHosf] ljleGg c+udf ;d'lrt k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt ub}{ plgx¿sf] eflifs, ;f+:s[lts klxrfg, k|lti7f / :jfldTj sfod ug{' /fHosf] bfloTj x'g]5 .

lk5l8Psf] If]qsf] ljsf;M s0ff{nL / ;'b'/klZrdsf ljs6 If]qsf] cfwf/e"t ljsf; cfly{s ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0f / /fhg}lts ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug'{ /fHosf] bfloTj x'g]5 . o;sf] nflu cfjZos sfo{of]hgf sfof{GjognfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .

dlxnf clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf, ;zlQms/0f / ;'/IffM b]zsf] s"n hg;+Vofsf] cfwfeGbf a9L lx:;f cf]u6\g] dlxnfx¿sf] /fhg}lts, k|zf;lgs / gLlt lgdf{0f txdf ;dfj]zL–;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 . dlxnf lj?4sf] e]befjk"0f{ ;Dk"0f{ sfg"gx¿sf] cGTo ul/g]5 . dlxnf tyf aflnsflj?4 x'g] ;a}vfn] lx+;fsf] cGTo ul/g]5 . x/]s dlxnfnfO{ ;'/lIft dft[Tj / k|hgg :jf:Yosf] xs ;'lglZrt ug]{ tyf cfjlws ¿kdf x/]s g]kfnL dlxnfsf] k|hgg :jf:Yosf] lgz'Ns k/LIf0f ug{ cleofg rnfpg] / dlxnfsf clwsf/x¿ ;'/lIft ug]{ sfo{ /fHosf] k|d'v st{Jo x'g]5 .

blnt pTyfg / e]befjsf] cGToM blnt ;d'bfok|ltsf] ;fdflhs e]befj / 5'jf5'tnfO{ cGTo ug'{ /fHosf] ljz]if bfloTj x'g]5 . To;sf nflu ag]sf sfg"g / ;+j}wflgs k|aGwnfO{ yk kl/:s[t ub}{ To;sf] s8f sfof{Gjog ug'{ clgjfo{ 5 . ;fy} gof“ /fHo k|0ffnLdf blnt ju{sf] kx'“rdf a9f]Q/L ub}{ lzIff, :jf:Yo / /f]huf/Lsf] If]qdf ljz]if cj;/ pknAw u/fpg] sfo{df /fHon] ljz]if Wofg lbg]5 .

e"ldxLg, sd}of, jfbL / cGo l;dfGtsf] ;d'bfosf] ;'/IffM e"ldxLg, sd}of, jfbL / cGo l;dfGt ;d'bfosf] clwsf/, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / ljsf;nfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy cuf8L a9fOg]5 .

afnaflnsfsf] klxrfg / kf]if0fM s'kf]if0f / ckof{Kt :jf:Yo ;'ljwfsf sf/0faf6 x'g] csfn d[To'af6 afnaflnsfsf] hLjg /Iff ug'{ /fHosf] d'Vo bfloTj x'g]5 . afnaflnsfnfO{ cfºgf] klxrfg / gfdsf] xs x'g]5 . ;fy} afnaflnsfnfO{ plrt kfng kf]if0f, lzIff, cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff Pj+ afnaflnsf dflysf] lx+;f / zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs ;lxt afn clwsf/sf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

ckfËx¿sf] ;xeflutf / k|ltlglwTjM d'n'ssf] hg;+Vofdf pNn]Vo ;+Vofdf /x]sf ckfËx¿nfO{ /fHo ;+/rgfdf ;xeflutf / k|ltlglwTjsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . ;fj{hlgs :ynnfO{ ckfË d}qL agfp“b} lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/Lsf] ;d'lrt k|aGw / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt ul/g]5 .

jftfj/0f ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkgM /fHon] kfgL, jfo', e"ld, Wjlg tyf cGtl/IfnfO{ k|b"if0faf6 d'Qm ug]{ k|oTgsf ;fy} k|fs[lts jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0f, lbuf] pkof]u / Joj:yfkg ug]{5 . t/fO{sf] df6f]sf] pj{/tfsf] /Iff, af9L lgoGq0f / e":vng lgoGq0f ug{ r'/] / dxfef/t >[v+nfdf jg h+un, df6f] / hnsf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkg ug'{ /fHosf] sQ{Jo x'g]5 .

Jojl:yt a;f]af; / vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yfM Jojl:yt zx/Ls/0f / a;f]af;, ;Dk"0f{ hgtfdf z'4 vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf ug'{ /fHosf] dxTjk"0f{ nIo x'g]5 . sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] vfg]kfgLsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ d]nDrL vfg]kfgL of]hgfnfO{ ;dodf g} sfof{Gjog ug{ pRr k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/ nufot cGo zx/x¿ / ahf/sf] Jojl:yt ljsf;nfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .

%=$ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf hg;xeflutf / hg;'g'jfO

;+ljwfg ;efaf6 ;+ljwfg agfpg] eg]sf] nf]stGqsf] ;jf]{Qd k|lqmof xf] . g]kfnL sf“u|]; o;sf] k"0f{ ;Ddfg ub}{ lgjf{rg kl5 klg efjL ;+ljwfgsf ljljw kIfdf hgtfsf] Jofks ;xeflutf / hg;'g'jfOsf] k|lqmofnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5 . cfºgf] kf6L{sf] ;+u7g ;+/rgfsf cltl/Qm cGo ;+/rgfaf6 ;d]t ljleGg k]zfut Joj;flos ;+3–;+:yf, ;/f]sf/jfnf ;d"x / lj1x¿;“usf] k/fdz{nfO{ g]kfnL sf“u|];n] cfJxfg ug]{5 / To;sf nflu cfjZos kxn ug]{5 .

;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg kl5 u7g x'g] d:of}bf ;ldlt / ljifout ;ldlt÷pk;ldltx¿df lj1x¿, hftLo, eflifs, ;f“:s[lts tyf If]qLo ;/f]sf/sf ;d"xx¿sf] k/fdz{ lng] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 . ;ldltx¿af6 tof/ ePsf d:of}bfdfly klg Jofks hg ;'g'jfO Pj+ lj1x¿sf] k/fdz{ k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fOg] 5 / ;'emfj ;+sng ul/g] 5 . o;/L ;+slnt ;'emfjx¿ ;d]tnfO{ pko'Qm tj/n] ;dfj]z u/L ;+ljwfgsf] clGtd d:of}bf tof/ ul/g]5 .

^= ;+ljwfgsf] 3f]if0ff

d:of}bf ;ldltaf6 ;+ljwfgsf] clGtd d:of}bf tof/ ePkl5 ;+ljwfg ;efåf/f lgwf{l/t k|lqmof cg';f/ ;+ljwfg kfl/t ul/g]5 . o;/L kfl/t ;+ljwfgnfO{ g]kfnL hgtf cfkm}+n] cfºgfnflu agfPsf] egL hgtfsf gfddf 3f]if0ff u/L hf/L ul/g]5 .

&= ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt

;+ljwfg;efsf] d'Vo sfd d'n'ssf nflu gof“ ;+ljwfg agfpg] eP klg ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofn] Pp6f lglZrt ;dofjlw lng]5 . To; cjlwdf klg g]kfnL hgtfn] pQ/bfoL tyf kl/0ffdd'vL nf]stflGqs zf;gsf] cg'e"lt ug{ kfpg' k5{ . ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjkl5 aGg] ;/sf/ s'g} Ps bnsf] dfq x'g] 5}g, Tof] ;+ljwfg;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;xdltdf aGg] /fli6«o ;/sf/ x'g]5 . tyflk, hgpQ/bfoL ;/sf/sf] cfsf+Iff / dfGotfnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ g]kfnL sf“u|]; ;+j}wflgs ;+qmd0fsf] cj:yfdf ;d]t lgDg lnlvt ljifox¿df k|fyldstfsf ;fy sfd ub}{ ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg] k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5 .

l rfn' zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ clGtd kl/0flt;Dd k'¥ofP/ d'n'sdf bLuf] zflGt axfn ul/g]5 . cGo ;a} k|sf/sf åGåx¿sf] klg zlGtk"0f{ lgsf; ;lxt Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 .

l ;dfhdf b08xLgtfsf] l:yltsf] cGTo u/L sfg"gL /fHo, ljlwsf] zf;g, gful/s :jtGqtf, ;'/Iff / xs÷clwsf/ tyf Gofosf] k"0f{ k|Tofe"lt ul/g]5 .

l zf;sLo ;'wf/, kf/bzL{tf, hjfkmb]lxtf, ljlwsf] zf;g / ;bfrf/ k4ltsf] k|j4{g ub}{ ;'zf;go'Qm /fHo k|0ffnLsf] lgdf{0fdf hf]8 lbOg]5 .

l ;To–tYo lg¿k0f tyf /fli6«o d]nldnfk cfof]usf] Joj:yf cg'¿k ;dfhdf b08xLgtfsf] k'g/fa[lQsf ;+efjgfx¿sf] cGTo ub}{ kf/:kl/s ;b\efj / ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ul/g]5 .

l k'gMlgdf{0f / k'gM:yfkgfsf] sfo{qmdnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstfsf ;fy cl3 a9fOg]5 .

l af9L, klx/f] h:tf k|fs[lts ljkb Pj+ ;fdflhs åGå / lx+;faf6 k|efljt JolQm / kl/jf/nfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u pknAw u/fOg]5 .

l /fHo / ;/sf/sf] pkl:yltsf] af]w x'g] u/L /fHo ;+oGq / k|zf;gnfO{ k'gM:yflkt / kl/rflnt ul/g]5 .

l hLjgsf cfwf/e"t cfjZostfnfO{ Wofgdf /fVt} lzIff, :jf:Yo / /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿sf] j[l4 ug]{ / u/fOg]5 .

xfd|f] k|lt1fM xfd|f] cg'/f]w

/fli6«o Pstf nf]stGq / lbuf] zflGt cfh klg g]kfnL sf“u|];sf] k|d'v Ph]08f xf] . nf]stGq sf“u|]; ofqfsf] d"n r"/f] xf] / nf]stGq g} sf“u|]; cfGbf]ngsf] afxs zlQm klg xf] . oxL dfGotfdf cfwfl/t x'“b} d'n'ssf ;a} /fhgLlts ljrf/ / bnx¿nfO{ ;+ljwfg;efsf dfWodaf6 Pstfa4 agfp“b} ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds /fHo ;+/rgf / ax'njfbdf cfwfl/t ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs zf;g k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{' g]kfnL sf“u|];n] cfºgf] k|d'v bfloTj dfg]sf] 5 . 3f]if0ffkqdf cleJoQm ;+sNk / k|lta4tf cGtu{t /x]/ g]kfnL sf“u|]; ;+ljwfg;efdf lgjf{lrt x'g] cfºgf k|ltlglw dfkm{t\ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ k|lt1f ub{5 .

nf]stGqsf d"No / dfGotfk|lt k|lta4 / ;a} k|sf/sf lg/+s'ztf, cltjfb / clwgfosjfbsf lj?4 ;+3if{zLn, lx+;f / an k|of]usf lj?4 ;fy{s / lbuf] zflGtsf kIfdf lqmofzLn Pj+ /fli6«o Pstf, gful/s :jtGqtf, ax'njfb, ;+3Lotf / ;dtfd"ns ;dfh tyf /fHo ;+/rgf k|lt k|lta4 g]kfnL sf“u|];sf] of] 3f]if0ffkq gof“ g]kfnsf] eljio / ;d'Ggltsf] :ki6 b:tfj]h xf] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] cfufdL lgjf{rgdf sf“u|];sf] of] 3f]if0ffkqnfO{ cg'df]bg ub}{ xn'sf gLnf] / xn'sf /+usf b'a} dtkqdf /x]sf ¿v lrGxdf 5fk nufO{ cnu–cnu afs;df dtbfg u/L :jtGq, ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds /fHo ;+/rgf / ax'njfbdf cfwfl/t ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs zf;g k|0ffnL ;lxtsf] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg agfpg g]kfnL sf“u|]; ;Dk"0f{ dtbftf lbbL–alxgL, bfh'–efOx¿nfO{ xflb{s ckLn ub{5 .

ho g]kfn †

@)^$ kmfu'g @&

g]skf Pdfn]sf] r'gfjL 3f]if0ff–kq

;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf u/f}+ Û

;an / ;Dj[4 g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f u/f}+ ÛÛ

cfb/0fLo lbbLalxgL tyf bfh'efOx¿ †

xfdL g]kfnL Oltxf;d} klxnf]kN6 ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf] dxŒjk"0f{ r/0fdf cfOk'u]sf 5f}“ . cfkm\gf] b]zsf] eljiosf] ¿k/]vf cfkm\g} xftn] sf]g{ kfpg] of] ;jf{lws dxŒjk"0f{ clwsf/ k|flKtsf nflu xfdLn] nfdf] ;dob]lv alnbfgL ;ª\3if{ ub}{ cfPsf 5f}“ . o; bf}/fg g]kfn cfdfsf cg]sf}“ ;Gtltx¿n] cfkm\gf] hLjg pT;u{ ug'{ePsf] 5, cfGbf]ngdf 3fOt] x'g'ePsf] 5 / bdg Pjd\ oGq0ffsf si6s/ If0fx¿sf] ;fdgf ug'{ePsf] 5 . oxL alnbfgL ;ª\3if{n] xfdLnfO{ ;fj{ef}d hgtfsf] x}l;otdf cfkm\gf] ;+ljwfg cfkm}“ agfpg kfpg] dxfg\ cj;/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . o; dxŒjk"0f{ 38Ldf xfdLx¿ ;fdflhs d'lQm / /fli6«o :jtGqtfsf lglDt ;~rflnt cfGbf]ngx¿df, ljz]iftM ut jif{ ljsl;t ePsf] zflGtk"0f{ hgqmflGtsf qmddf cfkm\gf] cd"No hLjg pT;u{ ug]{ cfb/0fLo jL/ cd/ ;lxbx¿k|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{5f}“ . cfGbf]ngdf 3fOt] ldqx¿sf] :jf:Yonfesf] sfdgf ub{5f}“ / lg/ª\s'z /fhtGqnfO{ k/f:t ug{ ;kmn tkfO{+ dxfg\ cfGbf]ngsf/L hgtfk|lt xflb{s clegGbg ub{5f}“ .

;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgnfO{ xfdLx¿ Ps :jfwLg, ;an / ;d[4 ;ª\3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfn lgdf{0f ug]{ P]ltxfl;s cj;/sf ¿kdf k|fKt ul//x]sf 5f}“ . of] cj;/nfO{ ;kmntfk"j{s pkof]u u/]/ dfq /fhtGqnfO{ pGd"ng ug]{, nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgf ug]{, /fHosf] k'gM;+/rgf ug]{, lbuf] zflGt :yfkgf ug]{, j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ ug]{ / cfkm\gf] ;+ljwfg cfkm}“ agfpg] P]ltxfl;s prfOdf k'Ug ;Sg]5f}“ . Tof] g} b'lgof“nfO{ cfZro{rlst agfpg] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf] hgfb]z klg xf] . To;}n] g]kfnL ;dfhdf ;fdflhs, cfly{s ¿kfGt/0f Nofpg] of] P]ltxfl;s cj;/sf] 9f]sf vf]Ng pRr dgf]an, c;fwf/0f lgeL{stf / ck"j{ b[9tfsf ;fy cu|;/ x'g g]skf -Pdfn]_ :jb]z tyf k|jf;df /xg'ePsf kf6L{sf ;b:o, ;dy{s, z'e]R5's Pjd\ ;Dk"0f{ nf]stGq / zflGtk|]dL b]zeQm hg;d'bfodf xflb{s cfx\jfg ub{5 .

;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg M nf]stGq, lbuf] zflGt / cu|udg

;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg xfd|f cu|hx¿sf] ;kgf xf], xfd|f] 5 bzs nfdf] cfGbf]ngsf] dfu xf] . hgtfsf] alnbfgL ;ª\3if{n] ))& ;fndf hxflgof“ /f0ffzf;g ;dfKt ePkl5 ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdfkm{t aGg] gof“ ;+ljwfgaf6 d'n'sdf nf]stflGqs zf;g Joj:yf :yfkgf ug{] k|lta4tf JoQm ul/Psf] lyof] . t/, /fhtGqsf] if8\oGqn] o;nfO{ To;} t'xfOof] / )!& ;fndf clwgfosjfbL lg/ª\s'z Joj:yf nflbof] . g]kfnL hgtfn] To;sf lj?4 cgj/t ;ª\3if{ ul//x] . )$^ ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngn] lg/ª\s'z /fhtGqnfO{ k5fl8 x6\g afWo kf¥of] / ax'bnLo k|hftGq :yfkgf u¥of] . t/, hgtfsf] ;jf]{Rrtf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo clwsf/ :jLsf/]/ ;+j}wflgs ;Ldfleq a:g] ;Demf}tf / cfkm\gf] k|lta4tfnfO{ pNnª\3g ub}{ /fhtGqn] k|hftGqlj?4 if8\oGq hf/L /fVof] . g[z+; /fhb/af/ xTofsf08kl5 ;Qf¿9 ePsf /fhf 1fg]Gb|n] )%( c;f]h !* ut]sf] k|ltudg / )^! df3 !( sf] …s"Údfkm{t tfgfzfxL nfb\g] k|of; u/] .

zflGtk"0f{ hgqmflGtsf] :j¿k lnPsf] )^@÷^# sf] hgcfGbf]ng o:tf] P]ltxfl;s kl/36gf x'gk'Uof], h;n] ljZj hg;d'bfonfO{ ;d]t cfslif{t dfq u/]g, g]kfnL hgtfsf] k|lti7fnfO{ ;d]t dfly p7fof] . PSsfO;f}“ ztfAbLsf] Pp6f ljlzi6 /fhgLlts 36gfsf ¿kdf ljZj /fhgLlts dfglrqdf cª\lst o; cfGbf]ngn] ;}lgs andf cfwfl/t lg/ª\s'z /fhtGqnfO{ dfq} 3'“8f 6]sfPg, ;fdGtjfbsf cfwf/x¿nfO{ ;dfKt kfb}{ gof“ / ;d'Ggt g]kfn lgdf{0f ug]{ P]ltxfl;s ;Defjgf;d]t k|:t't u¥of] . hgcfGbf]ngaf6 ;'? ePsf] of] qmflGtsf/L k|lqmof hf/L 5 / xfdLn] ;+ljwfg;efdfkm{t cfGbf]ngsf hgfb]znfO{ ;DkGg u/]/ o;nfO{ k"0f{ agfpg' cfjZos 5 .

;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg Pp6f o:tf] If0f xf], h;n] hgtfnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;+ljwfg cfkm}“n] agfpg] dxŒjk"0f{ cj;/ k|bfg u5{ . k|mfG;nufot ljZjsf sltko d'n'sn] j+zfg'ut lg/ª\s'z zf;g ;dfKt u/L ljlwsf] zf;g ;'? u/]sf] b'O{ ;o jif{eGbf kl5 g]kfnL hgtfn] k|fKt u/]sf] of] cj;/n] g]kfnnfO{ P]ltxfl;s ¿kdf g} ljZj ;d'bfosf aLr gof“ :j¿kdf :yflkt ug]{5 .

;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgn] klxnf]k6s g]kfnL hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d clwsf/sf] k|of]u ug{ / cfkm\gf] ;jf]{Rrtf :yflkt ug{ cj;/ k|bfg ug]{5 . cfh;Dd zf;sx¿n] tf]lslbPsf] :yfgdf a:g afWo g]kfnL hgtfåf/f klxnf]k6s d'n'ssf ;a} zlQmx¿sf] :yfg lgwf{/0f x'g]5 . ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgn] g]kfndf ! xhf/ % ;o jif{eGbfcl3b]lv hf/L ;fdGtL /fhtGq / @ ;o $) jif{b]lv sfod zfxj+zLo /fhtGqnfO{ cGTo ub}{ ;ª\3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgf ug{]5 . !! jif{cufl8 ;'? ePsf] dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xsf] zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfgsf] hf/L k|lqmofnfO{ klg k"0f{tf lbg]5 . /fhgLlts p2]Zosf lglDt s;}n] klg xltof/ p7fpg gkg]{ l:yltsf] lgdf{0f ub}{ hgtfsf] cledtsf] cfwf/df zflGtk"0f{ dfWodaf6 ;dfh kl/jt{gsf] k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg]5 .

g]skf -Pdfn]_M uf}/jk"0f{ ;ª\3if{ / gofF ;ª\sNk

;fdGtjfb, bnfn–gf]s/zfxL k'“hLjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf ;a} k|sf/sf zf]if0f–pTkL8gnfO{ ;dfKt kfb}{ hgtfsf] hgjfbL Joj:yf :yfkgf ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy ))^ ;fndf :yflkt xfd|f] kf6L{n] ljut 5 bzs;Dd lg/Gt/ hgtf / /fi6«sf] kIfdf ;ª\3if{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{ /fli6«otf, nf]stGq / hghLljsfsf] kIfdf b[9tfk"j{s ple“b} cfPsf] 5 . cfGbf]ngsf] df]rf{df lg/Gt/ cu'jfO ub}{ lg/ª\s'ztGqsf lj?4 nf]stGqsf nflu ;Demf}tfxLg ;ª\3if{ tyf hgtf, /fli6«o :jtGqtf / :jfledfgk|lt c6n lgi7f xfd|f] kf6L{sf] kl/ro ag]sf] 5 .

))& ;fnb]lv )!% ;fn;Ddsf] cl:y/ /fhgLlts jftfj/0fdf sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] /fli6«o lxt Pjd\ hgclwsf/sf] ;'/Iffsf] kIfdf b[9tfk"j{s cfjfh p7fof] eg] )!& ;fnsf] tfgfzfxL sbdkl5 lg/Gt/ alnbfgL ;ª\3if{ ;~rfng u¥of] . lg/ª\s'z k~rfotL Joj:yf cGtu{t bdgsf/L zf;gsf lj?4 cbDo ;fx; / alnbfgåf/f cfGbf]ngnfO{ ult lbg] sDo'lg:6 of]4fx¿n] g} lg/ª\s'ztGqsf] hu xNnfOlbPsf lyP . sd/]8 k'iknfnsf] ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] k|:tfjnfO{ g]kfnL sfª\u|];n] bDesf ;fy j]jf:tf ugf{n] k~rfotsf] cfo' nlDag uof] . tyflk, jfdkGyL cfbz{n] cf]tk|f]t o'jf–ljBfyL{x¿sf] )#%÷#^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngn] To;sf] hu xNnfOlbPsf] lyof] . xfd|f] kf6L{n] cufl8 ;f/]sf] ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] k|:tfj g} )$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngsf] d'Vo cfwf/ljGb' aGg k'u]sf] s'/f P]ltxfl;s tYo xf], h;df cfGbf]ngsf] d'Vo ;+jfxssf ¿kdf xfd|f] kf6L{sf xhf/f}“ g]tf÷sfo{stf{n] cu|0fL e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf lyP .

g]skf -Pdfn]_ g} Tof] kf6L{ xf], h;n] pQm cfGbf]ngsf pknlAwnfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ cfx\jfg u/]sf] lyof] / o;sf ;Ldfx¿nfO{ pb\3fl6t ub}{ o;nfO{ ;fdflhs–cfly{s ¿kfGt/0fsf] tx;Dd lj:tfl/t ug'{kg]{ dfGotf cufl8 ;f/]sf] lyof] . )$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgdf sd/]8 dbg e08f/Lsf] cu'jfOdf kf6L{n] cufl8 ;f/]sf cfnf]rgfsf @& a'“bfx¿ slt ;fGble{s / b"/ufdL dxŒjsf /x]5g\ eGg] tYo ;don] k'li6 ul/;s]sf] 5 . )$* ;fnsf] cfdlgjf{rgaf6 :yflkt ;+;b\df k|d'v ljkIfL bnsf] x}l;otdf xf];\ of )%! ;fnsf] dWofjlw lgjf{rgkl5 ag]sf] cNkdtsf] ;/sf/df /x]/ xf];\– g]skf -Pdfn]_n] 5f]6f] ;dod} b]z / hgtfsf] lxtdf cufl8 ;f/]sf gLlt / sfo{qmd slt nf]slk|o / lxts/ lyP eGg] tYo ;a}nfO{ hfgsf/L ePs} xf] .

@)$^ ;fnsf] ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf pknlAwx¿nfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ lglZrt ;do;Dd cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx¿aLrsf] ;xsfo{sf nflu g]skf -Pdfn]_n] cufl8 ;f/]sf] k|:tfjsf] dxŒjnfO{ pu| sDo'lg:6 lj/f]wL efjgfn] u|:t g]kfnL sfª\u|];nufotsf sltko zlQmn] ;dod} a'‰g ;s]gg\ . kl/0ffd:j¿k, Psftkm{ cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx¿aLr s6' åGå ;'? eof] eg] csf{lt/ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] ;+;bLo Joj:yflj?4 ljb|f]x g} ;'? u¥of] . o;af6 kmfObf p7fp“b} k|ltufdL zlQmx¿ zlQm ;~ro ug{ / nf]stGqdfly k|xf/ ug{;d]t ;kmn eP . /, df3 !( sf] …s"Ú sf] b':k|oTg;d]t ug{ k'u] .

xfd|f] kf6L{n] lx+;fsf] andf /fHo;Qf sAhf ug]{ pu|jfdkGyL b'M;fx;jfbsf lj?4 nuftf/ ljrf/wf/fTds ;ª\3if{ / o;sf] zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfg vf]Hg nuftf/ /fhgLlts k|oTg hf/L /fVof] . cfkm\gf ! ;o %) hgfeGbf a9L sfo{stf{x¿sf] dfcf]jfbLåf/f xTof x'“bfx'“b} klg xfd|f] kf6L{sf g]tfx¿n] cToGt k|lts"n kl/l:yltdf ;d]t hf]lvd axg ub}{ dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofsf] zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfgsf lglDt u/]sf] cys\ k|oTg ;a}sf ;fd' 5n{Ë} 5 . cfh lx+;f / aGb'ssf] andf /fHo sAhf ug{ rfxg] / ljb|f]xnfO{ ;}Go andf ;dfKt kfg{ rfxg] b'j} cltjfbL dfGotf k/flht ePsf 5g\ . ljk/Lt w'|'jdf /x]sf zlQmx¿ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf lglDt Ps} 7fp“df cfOk'u]sf 5g\ .

cfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntfkl5 o;sf pknlAwx¿nfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ / zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ cl3 a9fpg ;+;b\, ;/sf/, jftf{6f]nL / cf7 bnleq g]skf -Pdfn]_n] lgjf{x u/]sf] ;lqmo e"ldsf hg;d'bfosf ;fd' :ki6} 5 . tL qmflGtsf/L pknlAwx¿nfO{ ;fdfGo ;'wf/df ;Lldt /fVg rfxg] ;'wf/jfbL–oyfl:yltjfbL dfGotflj?4sf] ;tt\ ;ª\3if{ ug]{b]lv hg;ª\3if{sf ;Ldf, zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] cj:yf / ;xsfo{sf] j:t'ut oyfy{nfO{ a]jf:tf ub{} cfkm\gf PsfËL dfGotf nfb\g rfxg] pu|jfdkGyL k|j[lQsf lj?4 klg g]skf -Pdfn]_n] va/bf/L ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] l;nl;nfdf g]skf -Pdfn]_sf tkm{af6 cufl8 ;fl/Psf hgdt;ª\u|x / ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k4ltnfO{ cjnDag ug'{kg]{ c8fgsf] ;fy{stfnfO{ 36gfqmdx¿n] k'li6 ul//x]sf 5g\ .

xfdL uj{sf ;fy eGg ;S5f}“, g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf cg'ej / cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf lzIffnfO{ ;+Zn]if0f ub}{ kf6L{n] cufl8 ;f/]sf] g]kfnL ljlzi6tfdfly cfwfl/t hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfbsf] k|efj g]kfnL ;dfhdf :yflkt eO;s]sf] 5 . ;Lldt /fhgLlts :jtGqtfnfO{ g} nf]stGq 7fGg] tyf ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqnfO{ l;4fGtsf ¿kdf :jLsf/ ug{] zlQmx¿ nf]stflGqs u0ftGq tyf ;fdflhs Gofo;lxtsf] nf]stGqsf] kIfdf pleg cfOk'Ug' g]skf -Pdfn]_sf dfGotfx¿sf] k'gMk'li6 xf] eGg] xfd|f] bfaL 5 . /fHo ;~rfngsf] d'Vo g]t[Tjdf g/x]sf] eP klg g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ gLltut g]t[Tj lbg] sfd g]skf -Pdfn]_n] g} ul//x]sf] dflysf ;Gbe{x¿n] :ki6 kf5{g\ .

cfhsf] kl/l:yltM pHHjn ;Defjgf / uDeL/ r'gf}tL

olta]nf xfdL ;ª\qmd0fsfndf 5f}“ / xfd|f;fd' cg]sf}“ uDeL/ r'gf}tL pkl:yt 5g\ . zflGt ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf cem} ;'b[9 x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;ª\qmd0fsfnsf] Joj:yfkg ;xL 9ª\un] x'g g;Sbf lg/fzf / cfzª\sf a9\g yfn]sf] 5 . sdhf]/ /fHo ;+/rgfsf] nfe p7fp“b} ;dfhdf c/fhstf km}nfpg rfxg] tŒjx¿ ;lqmo x'gyfn]sf 5g\ . h:tf;'s} dfu cufl8 ;fg]{ / ltgnfO{ k"/f u/fpg ank|of]usf] k|lt:kwf{ ;'? ePsf] 5 . ;dflKtsf] l8ndf k'u]sf] /fhtGq / k|ltufdL zlQm cfkm\gf] cl:tTj l6sfpg clGtd k|of; ul//x]sf] 5 . To;n] hftLo / If]qLo cfGbf]ngleq 3';]/ ;fDk|bflos ¿k lbg], /fHosf cËdf /x]sf k'/ftgkGyL tŒjnfO{ pkof]u;d]t ug]{ ul//x]sf] 5 . sltko ;Gbe{df t …u0ftGqÚs} vf]n cf]9]/ /fhtGqsf] kIfkf]if0f ug{]] / cfk/flws tŒjx¿nfO{ ;ª\ul7t ub}{ lx+;f a9fpg] k|of; ul//x]sf] 5 . ;dfhdf ljBdfg cfly{s zf]if0f / ;fdflhs pTkL8gsf k|Zgx¿nfO{ nf]stGq, ;d[l4 / /fHosf] cv08tf;“u} hf]8]/ xn ug{'sf] ;f6f] …ljv08gsf xltof/Úsf ¿kdf b'¿kof]u ug]{ b':k|of; x'g yfn]sf] 5 .

o:tf cg]sf}“ r'gf}tL x'“bfx'“b} olta]nf xfdLx¿ ;an / ;d[4 g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] pHHjn ;Defjgfsf ;Dd'v pkl:yt 5f}“ . g]kfnL ;dfhdf b]vfkl//x]sf] Jofks xnrnn] ;fdGtL d"No–dfGotfdfly cfwfl/t k'/fgf] ;+/rgfnfO{ ;dfKt ub}{ gof“ ;+/rgf lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/ tof/ ul//x]sf] 5 . zfxj+zLo /fhtGq ;dflKtsf] ;“3f/df 5 / g]kfndf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] ;Defjgf ca jf:tljstf aGg] k|lqmofdf 5 . g]kfndf ;ª\3Lo u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf ;'lglZrt ePsf] 5 .

o;n] e]befjk"0f{ ;fdflhs ;+/rgf / q'l6k"0f{ /fHo 9f“rfsf] sf/0fn] kfvf k/]sf kLl8t ;d'bfosf ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ gof“ nf]stflGqs /fHo ;+/rgfsf] cfwf/ lgdf{0f ug]{5 . dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L–hghflt, dw];L, d'l:nd, s0ff{nLnufot lk5l8Psf] If]q, ckfË cflb ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfonfO{ /fli6«o d"n k|jfxdf :yflkt ug{ ;dfj]zL zf;g Joj:yfsf] cfwf/ klg v8f ug]{5 .

nf]stflGqs zlQmaLr ;'b[9 Pstf / :j:y k|lt:kwf{

hgcfGbf]ngsf] p2]Zo xfl;n ug{ / ;kmntfsf ;fy r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug{ olta]nf cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmaLrsf] Pstf, ;xsfo{ / ;dembf/L cem ;'b[9 x'g' h?/L 5 . cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmsf] Pstf ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg;Dd dfq xf]Og, gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f u/]/ d'n'snfO{ :yfloTj lbg] / gof“ g]kfnsf] cfwf/zLnf lgdf{0f ug]{ cjlw;Dd sfod /xg' cfjZos 5 eGg]df g]skf -Pdfn]_ k|lta4 5 . !@ a'“b] ;dembf/L x'“b} lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf / cGtl/d ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f;Dd cfOk'Ubf ePsf ;a} ;xdlt / ;Demf}tfsf] Odfgbf/Lk"j{s kl/kfngf ub}{ ;ft bnsf] PstfnfO{ ;ª\3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq, ;dfj]zL zf;g k|0ffnL / /fHosf] cu|ufdL k'gM;+/rgf;Dd sfod /fVg'k5{ .

l;4fGt, sfo{qmd / dfGotfx¿sf] aLrdf leGgtf /x]s}n] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqnfO{ :jLsfg]{ ljleGg kf6L{sf aLr k|lt:kwf{ klg 5 . t/, ;femf dfGotfsf] ¿kdf nf]stflGqs u0ftGq /x]sfn] To;}nfO{ ldof] agfO{ nf]stflGqs bnx¿aLrsf] Pstf / ;xsfo{nfO{ hf/L /fVg''k5{ eGg] dfGotf g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] 5 . o:tf] ePdf g} lgjf{rgdf /fhfjfbLx¿nfO{ hgdtsf] andf ;Dk"0f{ ¿kn] k/f:t ug{ ;lsG5 .

;+ljwfg;efdf ;xdltsf nflu g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] k|:tfj

;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] ljsf; / d'n'sdf lbuf] zflGt :yfkgfsf nflu g]skf -Pdfn]_sf tkm{af6 ljutdf lgjf{x ul/Psf ;sf/fTds e"ldsfx¿ ;a}sf ;fd' 5n{ª\u 5g\ . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgkl5 P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf] efjgf cg'¿k gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{, /fHosf] cu|ufdL k'gM;+/rgf ug{ / cfly{s–;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] cl3 a9fpg g]skf -Pdfn]_n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] a}7sdf cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf nflu lgDgadf]lhd 7f]; k|:tfj ug]{5M

l /fhtGqsf] cGTo / u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf ug]{,

l cfly{s–;fdflhs clwsf/;lxtsf] ax'ntfdf cfwfl/t ;xeflutfd"ns ;dfj]zL nf]stGqsf] :yfkgf ug]{,

l ljBdfg s]Gb|Ls[t ;fdGtL /fHo ;+/rgfnfO{ k'gM;+/rgf u/L ;ª\3fTds nf]stflGqs u0f/fHosf] :yfkgf ug]{,

l cfly{s zf]if0fsf ;a} ¿kx¿nfO{ ;dfKt kf/L juL{o ¿kdf ;dtfd"ns /fHo k|0ffnL :yfkgf ug]{,

l ;fdflhs pTkL8gsf ¿kdf ljBdfg n}ª\lus–hftLo–If]qLo–eflifs–wfld{sh:tf ;a} lje]bx¿nfO{ cGTo ug]{,

l ;+ljwfg;efdf pkl:yt cu|udgsf kIfw/ ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;xdltdf cfwfl/t /fli6«o ;/sf/ u7g u/L gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f / /fHosf] cu|ufdL k'gM;+/rgf ug]{, /

l ;fj{hlgs, ;xsf/L / lghL If]qcfwfl/t ;dfhjfbpGd'v /fli6«o cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ .

gof“ g]kfn lgdf{0fsf nflu nf]stflGqs zlQmx¿aLrsf] Pstf / PsLs[t b[li6sf]0fsf ;fy} jt{dfg s]Gb|Ls[t /fHok|0ffnLsfnLg dgl:yltdf kl/jt{g cfjZos 5 . To;}n] g]skf -Pdfn]_ lgDg nIox¿k|lt ;+ljwfg;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ bnx¿aLr cfd;xdltsf nflu k|:tfj ub{5 M

l lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, vfB;'/Iffh:tf hgtfsf cfwf/e"t cfjZostf k"/f ug]{,

l /fHo / ;dfhsf] nf]stfGqLs/0f ug]{,

l If]qut k|fyldstfdf cfwfl/t hgzlQm ljsf; / k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf nflu ;femf gLlt to ug]{,

l ul/aL / a]/f]huf/L cGTosf nflu cleofg ;~rfng ug]{,

l s]Gb|, k|b]z / :yfgLo lgsfoaLr ;|f]tx¿sf] af“8kmf“6 / kl/rfng ug]{,

l k'“hL / >daLr ;x–cl:tTj sfod ug]{ k|s[ltsf] gof“ >d ahf/ gLlt ckgfpg],

l lbuf] zflGtsf] :yfkgf ug]{ .

nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnM ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf cfwf/e"t ljifoj:t'

;+ljwfg;efåf/f ;an / ;d[4 g]kfnsf nflu aGg] nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf cfwf/x¿ d"ntM ))& b]lv )^# ;fn;Ddsf qmflGt / hgcfGbf]ngdfkm{t hgtfn] cleJoQm u/]sf efjgf g} x'g\ . /fli6«otf, :jtGqtf, hgclwsf/ / hghLljsfsf nflu ePsf cgluGtL cfGbf]ngåf/f ljsl;t Pjd\ ;dsfnLg ljZjn] cfTd;ft\ u/]sf nf]stGq, ;dtfd"ns ;dfh, dfgj clwsf/ tyf :jtGqtf;DaGwL ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ff tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw–;Demf}tfx¿;d]t o;sf cfwf/ x'g]5g\ . log} gLltut dfGotfsf cfwf/df lgDglnlvt ljifonfO{ cfwf/ / dfu{bz{g agfP/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f u/L gof“ g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] hu a;flng] 5 .

!= ax'ntf / ljljwtfM g]kfn /fi6«sf] ljz]iftf M g]kfn ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s / ax';f+:s[lts d'n's xf] . g]kfn /fi6« / g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljz]iftfsf ¿kdf :yflkt ax'ntfnfO{ efjL g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/sf ¿kdf cfTd;ft\ ul/g]5 . g]kfnsf] /fHo;Qf / ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfsf] lgdf{0fdf of] ljz]iftfnfO{ dxŒjk"0f{ cfwf/sf ¿kdf lnOg]5 .

@= /fli6«o Pstf / cv08tfM g]kfn /fi6« / g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljz]iftfsf ¿kdf /x]sf] ax'ntf / ljljwtfsf cffwf/df g]kfn /fi6«df a;f]jf; ug]{ g]kfnL hgtfsf ;femf cfsfª\Iff, ;fd"lxs lxt / ;femf dgf]lj1fgsf] ljsf; ub}{ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o Pstf, cv08tf, ;fj{ef}ldstf / :jtGqtfnfO{ yk ;'b[9 ul/g]5 . ljljwtfdf Pstf sfod ul/g]5 .

#= g]kfn /fHosf] zlQmsf] ;|f]t g]kfnL hgtfM g]kfn /fHosf] zlQmsf] ;|f]t g]kfnL hgtf x'g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ d"ndGqsf ¿kdf cfTd;ft\ ul/g]5 . ;fj{ef}d;Qf, /fhsLo;Qf / zf;gflwsf/ hgtfdf lglxt /xg]5 . To;sf] k|of]u ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf / nf]stflGqs d"Nok4ltdf cfwfl/t x'g]5 . ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/åf/f lgdf{0f ul/Psf] ;+ljwfg ;jf]{Rr x'g]5, / To;sf] kfngf ug'{ ;a}sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

$= dfgjclwsf/, df}lns xs / /fhgLlts :jtGqtf M dfgj clwsf/sf ;fj{ef}d d"No, dfGotf / cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gx¿sf] k"0f{ kfngf ul/g]5 . dfgj clwsf/sf] ljifonfO{ gful/s :jtGqtf / hLjgsf cfsfª\Iff;“u cfa4 ul/g]5 .

l k|To]s g]kfnLnfO{ ljrf/ JoQm ug]{, zflGtk"0f{ ¿kn] e]nf x'g], /fhgLlts bn, ;ª\u7g÷;ª\3–;+:yf vf]Ng], b]zsf] s'g} klg efudf cfjt–hfjt / a;f]jf; ug]{ / s'g} klg k];f, /f]huf/, pBf]u, Jofkf/ / Joj;fo ug]{ :jtGqtf x'g]5 .

l k"0f{ k|];:jtGqtf x'g]5 .

l hgtfnfO{ ;"rgfsf] xs x'g]5 .

l sfg'gdf Joj:yf eP cg';f/ s'g} klg JolQmsf] ;DklQ, lnvt, tYofÍ, kqfrf/ / rl/q;DaGwL uf]kgLotfsf] xs x'g]5 .

l gful/ssf] hLp–wgsf] ;'/Iff ug'{ /fHosf] st{Jo x'g]5 / k|To]s gful/snfO{ af“Rg kfpg] xs x'g]5 .

l lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/ / vfB ;Dk|e"tfsf] xsnfO{ df}lns xssf ¿kdf sfod ul/g]5 . df}lns xssf] ;+/If0f / k|a4{g ug'{ /fHosf] bfloTj x'g]5 .

%= ;dfgtfsf] xsM s'g} klg gful/sdfly wd{, j0f{, lnË, hft–hflt, pTklQ, efiff, If]q jf j}rfl/s cf:yf cflbsf cfwf/df e]befj ul/g] 5}g . To:tf] e]befjlj?4 gful/snfO{ sfg'gL pkrf/ / Ifltk"lt{sf] xs /xg]5 .

^= ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / nf]ssNof0f M k|To]s gful/snfO{ /f]huf/ kfpg] / a]/f]huf/ x'“bfsf] cj:yfdf hLjg lgjf{xsf nflu eQf;lxtsf] ljZjJofkL k|rng cg'¿k ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g]5 . a[4, ckfË tyf czQm / c;xfo gful/snfO{ ;fdflhs ;xfotf k|bfg ug'{ /fHosf] bfloTj x'g]5 .

åGåkLl8t, lj:yflkt, oftgfkLl8t Pjd\ hf]lvddf k/]sf gful/sx¿, c;xfo–cgfy afnaflnsfnfO{ ;'lglZrt eljiosf nflu /fHoaf6 ljz]if ;'ljwf kfpg] xs x'g]5 .

&= wd{ lg/k]Iftf / wfld{s :jtGqtfM g]kfn wd{lg/k]If /fHo /xg]5 . k|To]s gful/snfO{ cf–cfkm\gf] cf:yf cg'¿ksf] wd{ dfGg]÷gdfGg] :jtGqtf x'g]5 . ;dfhdf wfld{s ;lxi0f'tf / ;fDk|bflos ;b\efj sfod ug'{ /fHo / gful/ssf] bfloTj x'g]5 .

*= zf]if0f–pTkL8glj?4sf] xsM Gofok"0f{ / ;dtfd"ns ;dfh lgdf{0f ug'{ /fHosf] st{Jo x'g]5 . k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfkm"dflysf] zf]if0f–pTkL8glj?4 sfg'gL pkrf/sf] xs x'g]5 . ;+j}wflgs, sfg'gL / Jofjxfl/s ¿kn] g} ;dfhdf ljBdfg zf]if0f, pTkL8g / lje]bsf] cGTo ug'{ /fHosf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

(= 5'jf5"td'Qm /fi6« g]kfn M dfgjtf dfly snª\ssf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5'jf5"t k|yfnfO{ k"0f{tM ;dfKt kfl/g]5 .

!)= /fHosf] :j¿k, ;ª\3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqM g]kfn Ps :jtGq, ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg, :jfwLg, cv08–cljefHo, k"0f{ nf]stflGqs ;ª\3fTds /fHo÷/fi6«sf ¿kdf /xg]5 . ;ª\3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfn /fHosf] zf;gsf] d"n rl/q x'g]5 .

!!= zf;gsf] :j¿kM k"0f{ nf]stflGqs d"No–dfGotf / cfjlws lgjf{rgdf cfwfl/t /fi6«klt / k|wfgdGqL b'j}sf] Joj:yf ePsf] cfkm\g} df}lns :j¿ksf] zf;g k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 .

!@= efiff gLltM g]kfnsf ;a} dft[efiffnfO{ /fli6«o efiffsf] dfGotf /xg]5 . ;Dks{ efiffsf ¿kdf g]kfnL efiff;lxt ax'efiff gLltnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 . k|b]z / :yfgLo txdf g]kfnL efiffsf cltl/Qm s'g efiffnfO{ ;Dks{ efiffsf ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{ eGg] clwsf/ ;DalGwt txsf] ;+;b\ / hgk|ltlglwd"ns lgsfodf /xg]5 . gful/snfO{ Gofofno / ;/sf/L sfof{nodf cfkm\gf] dft[efiffdf s'/f /fVg] xs ;'/lIft ul/g]5 .

!#= ;dfj]zL nf]stGq M d'n'sdf /x]sf ljljwtf tyf cfly{s / ;fdflhs b[li6n] kl5 k/]sf ju{ / ;d'bfosf] klxrfg, k|ltlglwTj / kx'“rsf nflu ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] gLlt cjnDag ul/g]5 . /fHo k'gM;+/rgfsf qmddf, /fHosf ljleGg cª\ux¿df /fhgLlts lgo'lQm ubf{ ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] gLltnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ul/g]5 . kl5 k/]sf, ;LdfGts[t / klxrfg vf]lh/x]sf ;d'bfosf] cfly{s / ;fdflhs ljsf;sf nflu ;sf/fTds lje]b / cf/If0fsf] gLlt cjnDag ul/g]5 . ;a} ;d'bfosf aLrdf dft[e"ld g]kfnk|lt …d]/f] b]z–d]/f] /fHoÚsf] ;femf dgf]lj1fgsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 .

!$= nf]stGqsf] k"0f{ k|Tofe"ltM hgcg'df]lbt ;+ljwfgsf] ;jf]{Rrtfsf] l;4fGtnfO{ b[9tfk"j{s kfngf ub}{ d'n'sdf sfg'gL zf;g sfod ul/g]5 . /fHosf ;+j}wflgs cª\usf aLrdf zlQm k[ysLs/0fsf] l;4fGtsf cfwf/df clwsf/ / bfloTjsf] a“f8kmf“6 ul/g]5 . lgoGq0f / ;Gt'ngsf] l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ljleGg cª\ux¿nfO{ nf]stflGqs d"No / k4ltk|lt k|lta4 agfpg] gLlt cjnDag ul/g]5 . aflnu dtflwsf/ / cfjlws lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cjnDag ul/g]]5 . /fi6«klt, k|wfgdGqLh:tf sfo{sf/L kbx¿df Pp6} JolQm nuftf/ b'O{k6s eGbf a9L lgjf{lrt x'g gkfpg] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf ul/g]5 . k|To]s k|b]zn] ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{;lxtsf] nf]stflGqs k|0ffnLnfO{ cjnDag ug]{5 .

!%= hgdt;ª\u|x, hg;Ddltsf] k|0ffnLM g]kfnL hgtfsf] OR5f / ;DdltnfO{ g} ;+ljwfg tyf a}wtfsf] d'Vo cfwf/ dfgL /fli6«o Pstf, cv08tf / ;fj{ef}d;QfnfO{ ;'b[9 ul/g]5 . ax'dt hgtfsf] OR5f a'‰g dxŒjk"0f{ /fli6«o d'2fx¿df hgtfsf] ;Ddlt k|fKt ug{ / ljjfbx¿sf] lg/fs/0f tyf hgtfn] rfx]sf] kl/jt{gnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{sf nflu hgdt;ª\u|xsf] cfof]hgf ug{ ;lsg] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

!^= :jtGq GofokflnsfM ;+j}wflgs cª\usf ¿kdf :jtGq Gofokflnsfsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . ;+j}wflgstfsf] ;Dk/LIf0fsf] clwsf/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf /xg]5 . /fHosf] k'gM;+/rgf;“u} s]Gb|, k|b]z / :yfgLo tLg} txdf Gofofnosf] gof“ 9f“rf ljsf; ul/g]5 . GofokflnsfnfO{ hgpQ/bfoL / hgd'vL agfOg]5 . ;+ljwfgdf tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] :jtGq lgsfoaf6 GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo'lQm ul/g]5 . GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQmdf ;+;bLo ;'g'jfOsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

!&= ;fdGtjfbsf] cGTosf] cy{–/fhgLlts lbzfM /fhtGqsf] cGTo;“u} ;fdGtjfbsf cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts cfwf/x¿sf] cGTo ul/g]5 . gof“ nf]stflGqs Joj:yfsf] cfwf/sf ¿kdf ;dfhjfbpGd'v nf]ssNof0fsf/L cy{–/fhgLlts lbzf cjnDjg ul/g]5 . k'/fgf] pTkfbg ;DaGwdf kl/jt{g Nofpg j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ sfo{qmd NofOg]5 / s[lifsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f / Jofj;foLs/0fnfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . g]kfnL cy{tGqsf] cfwf/sf ¿kdf ;fj{hlgs, ;xsf/L / lghL If]qsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 .

!*= e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f / ;'zf;gM e|i6frf/ ;dfhsf] ljsf; / cu|ultsf] afws /x]sf] tYonfO{ x[boª\ud u/L o;sf lj?4 k|efjsf/L ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . ;'zf;gsf] cfwf/sf ¿kdf ljlwsf] zf;g / k"0f{ kf/blz{tfsf] gLltnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ul/g]5 .

!(= bnx¿sf] nf]stfGqLs/0fM g]kfnL ;dfh / /fHo Joj:yfsf] d'Vo rfns zlQmsf ¿kdf /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] e"ldsfnfO{ :yflkt ul/g]5 . ljrf/wf/fTds hudf lgdf{0f ul/Psf /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] :jtGq ljrf/ / e"ldsfnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/g]5 . nf]stflGqs d"Nok4ltdf cfwfl/t /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] e"ldsf lj:tf/sf nflu /fHosf tkm{af6 k|f]T;fxg / ;+/If0f ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ul/g]5 . nf]stflGqs d"Nok4ltnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug'{ /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] bfloTj x'g]5 .

@)= g]kfnL ;]gfM g]kfnL ;]gf s]Gb|Lo ;+;b\k|lt pQ/bfoL /xg]5 . o;sf] lgoGq0f, Joj:yfkg / ;~rfng ;+ljwfgdf tf]s]adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n] ug]{5 .

@!= ;+j}wflgs cª\usf] Joj:yfM zlQm k[ysLs/0fsf] gLltdf cfwfl/t ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . nf]s;]jf cfof]u, dxfn]vf k/LIfs, clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u, lgjf{rg cfof]u / /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]uh:tf ;+j}wflgs cfof]ux¿ v8f ul/g]5 / ltgLx¿sf] e"ldsfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 .

@@ pTkLl8t blnt ;d'bfosf] d'lQm / ljsf;M ;fdGtL zf]if0f / pTkL8gsf] l;sf/ ag]sf / 5'jf5"th:tf] s';+:sf/af6 kLl8t tyf cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ¿kdf g]kfnL ;dfhdf ;a}eGbf kl5 k/]sf pTkLl8t÷blnt ;d'bfosf] d'lQm / ljsf;sf nflu /fHosf tkm{af6 k|ultzLn cf/If0fsf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd NofOg]5 .

@#= dlxnf clwsf/M dlxnflj?4sf ;a} lje]b, zf]if0f / pTkL8gsf] cGTo ul/g]5 . /fli6«o hLjgsf ;a} If]qdf sDtLdf ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] xs ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 . 5f]/f;/x 5f]/LnfO{ k}t[s ;DklQdf clwsf/ x'g]5 . k|hgg / ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] clwsf/ dlxnfdf lglxt x'g]5 . lzIff / :jf:Yodf dlxnfnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . ljz]ifu/L dlxnf Go"g /x]sf] >d If]qdf dlxnf /f]huf/sf] ljz]if of]hgf nfu" ul/g]5 .

@$= afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf;M afnaflnsfnfO{ aflnu gx'~h]n;Dd ;+/If0f ug'{, kfng–kf]if0f ug'{ kl/jf/, ;dfh / /fHosf] st{Jo x'g]5 . o;/L g} afnaflnsfnfO{ kf]if0f, lzIff, :jf:Yo / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g]5 . afn>d, of}g b'/frf/ / oftgfsf lj?4 sfg'gL pkrf/sf] xs x'g]5 . afnaflnsf zflGt If]q x'g\ eGg] dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ul/g]5 .

@%= gful/stf gLltM g]kfnL gful/snfO{ lagfe]befj ;'ne 9ª\un] gful/stf kfpg] xs /xg]5 .

@^= k|zf;lgs 9fFrfsf] k'gM;+/rgf / nf]stfGqLs/0fM PsfTds /fHo / s]Gb|Ls[t zf;g k|0ffnL cGtu{t ljsf; ePsf] lghfdtL tyf k|x/L–k|zf;g / cGo lgsfox¿nfO{ ;d]t ;ª\3fTds zf;g k|0ffnL cg's"n x'g] u/L k'gM;+/rgf / ¿kfGt/0f ul/g]5 . ;a} /fi6«;]js sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ ;ª\3Lo ;+/rgf cg's"n x'g]u/L k];fut bIftf clej[l4 / ;'wf/sf] cj;/ lbOg]5 .

@&= cflbjf;L–hghfltsf] clwsf/M cflbjf;L–hghfltx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] /fhgLlts clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{, cfly{s, ;fdflhs Pjd\ ;f+:s[lts ljsf; ug{ ;Sg] u/L cflbjf;Lx¿sf] clwsf/;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf] 3f]if0ff tyf cGt/f{li6«o >d ;ª\u7gsf] cle;lGw–!^( cg';f/sf] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ x'g]5 . nf]kf]Gd'v / ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] efiff, ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fsf] ;+/If0f ug'{ /fHosf] bfloTj x'g]5 .

@*= t/fO{jf;L dw];Lx¿sf clwsf/M g]kfnsf] ;dy/ e"ld t/fO{df a:g] ;a} dw];L, hghflt, blnt, d'l:nd, ljleGg hfthflt tyf cGo cNk;ª\Vos t/fO{jf;L ;d'bfosf hgtfnfO{ cfkm\gf] efiff, ;+:s[ltsf] /Iff Pjd\ ljsf;sf] clwsf/ x'g]5 . ;fwg ;|f]tx¿sf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0f tyf pkof]u / ;ª\3Lo zf;g cGtu{t :jzf;gsf] clwsf/ x'g]5 .

@(= b'u{d tyf lk5l8Psf] If]qsf] clwsf/M b'u{d tyf lk5l8Psf] If]qsf hgtfnfO{ ;dljsf;sf] clwsf/ x'g]5 . /fHosf] ;dljsf;sf] :t/;Dd k'Ugsf nflu s0ff{nLnufotsf b'u{d tyf lk5l8Psf If]qsf hgtfnfO{ /fhgLlts ;xeflutf tyf /fHoaf6 ljz]if ;'ljwf / ;x'lnot k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/;d]t /xg]5 .

#)= >d clwsf/M >ldsx¿nfO{ 6]«8 o'lgog vf]Ng], ;ª\ul7t x'g] / ;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhL ug]{, afn>d, af“wf tyf ;a} k|sf/sf ank"j{s nufOg] >dh:tf zf]if0fd"ns >dcEof;nfO{ c:jLsf/ ug]{ / plrt >dcEof;sf] clwsf/ x'g]5 . cGt/f{li6«o >d ;ª\u7gsf] sfdsf] clwsf/sf nflu cfwf/e"t 3f]if0ffk|lt /fHo k|lta4 /xg]5 . l