e'o" s'xf+ jOu' Njo\ j plsof jf;M
e'o" s'xf+ jOu' -Zj]t k|b/_ wofu' ld;fto\t h'Ou' 5tflh ;fdfGo Njo\ vM . cy] vM;f+ y'ls+ Oldt oSj x] ;fl:t h'OsfaL . Yj Njo\ h'Ou' sf/0f tMtf x] b' . u'KtfË af+nfs ;kmf dofOu', lx dufOu', cKjM of}g ;Dks{ tOu', lrs+, d;nf, kfp“, kfn' cfkfM gOu', sfd's larfM, of]lg j drf5]“of Dx't'O nf Rjt'nLu', yLdHo"of u8a8L, cKjM ;Gtfg bo]sLu', RjKjMrfo\ ;+j|md0f h'Ou' cflb sf/0f+ Yj Njo\ h'Ok'm .
nIf0f M e'o" s'xf+ jo]u' z'? h'Oj+ x] ld;foft sdhf]/ h"u' cg'ej h'ofjO . lx dufgfM OSs'ofjOu', ldvfof Gx\oMg] lvp“;] RjgfjgLu', go] doofjgLu', lb;f ;kmf dh'Ou', Rj tMSjM tMSj kmfo]dfnLu', KjfM ‰oft'Ou', of]lgO rf;'Ou' cflb h'ofjO . yLdHo" h'O :jof+ GxoM j h'O w'g]j+ e'o" s'xf+ jOano\ n:;fbf/ h'O . Yj Njo\ h"Dx ld;fof VjfM Dxf;'ofjgL .
pkfo M
– :j+u" u|fd cDaMr'+ sl:tln;]+ lGx+ :jSjM ºoo]u' oftls kmfObf h'ofjO .
– lGx+ lgk' :jk' kfs] h"u' s]/f go]u' ofgfRjg wfM;f e'o" s'xf+ jo]u' lbgfjgL .
– slru' /fdtf]l/of ;'yGxfkf+ gofaLu' oft wfM;f+ g+ Yj Njo\ Sjnfgf j+ .
– uf]nEof/f lGx+ lGx+ go]u' ofgfRjg wfM;f+ g+ Yj Njr+ d'St h'OkmO .
– slru' s]/f u+s kfgfM r'+Nx'oflb;“ . pu' s]/fr'+ 5u" rDrfo\ rfs' 5u" rDrf Njfs5\ofgfM lGx+ :jSjM go]u' ofo]dfM . 5'+ lGx ts nuftf/ yy] ofgfM gofRjg wfM;f+ g+ Yj Njo\ ngfjgL .
– e'o" s'xf+ jOu' h'ofRj+Dx ld;f+ olb jfp“;] Rj+u' cDaM lggfM plsoft t5\jr'go\ Njfs5\ofgfM plsof dl/ 5'gfM gofaLu' ofgfRjg wfM;f nl5of b'g] Yj Njo\ ;'r's x] ngfjgL .
5' go]u' < 5' dgo]u' < e'o" s'xf+ jOu' h'ofRj+lk+ ld;fto\;+ goTjg]u'nL ljz]if xf]; oo]dfM . kfp“, kfn', lrNnf] go]u', cKjM u/d ofOu' Tjg]u' kbfy{ j co\nfM Yj“ Tjg]u' TjMtf5\jo]dfM . u'KtfË lgoldt ?k+ ;kmf ofgfRjg]dfM . Dxo\ dufgfRj+u' lx ufs]t, lx a9] h'Ou' g;fTj“;f go]Tjg] ofo]dfM . aGbf, knM, uf]nEof/f cflb t/sfl/ lgoldt go]dfM . Do]o\5\o+ -l;3f8f_ Gofo] bOu' O{ vM;f j go]u'ln+ g+ kmfObf x] ofO .
s';'dntf hf]zL
ldvf 5fo\ :ofO <
– axgL lnafs BgfM, ;'yo\ lnafs bgls ldvf :ofgfjO .
– lrlgNjo\ -8folal6h_ h'nls j hn:o]“ -ls8gL_ of Njo\ h'nls g+ ldvf :ofgfjO .
– u'lk+ dg"t cKjM k'sftMu' j lrNnf] b'u' g;f gOlk+ vM, Old g+ ldvf :ofgfjO .
– /+uLg 6L=eL= t;s+ ;lts+ :jn wfM;f j sDKo"6/o\ tfpt tfpt Hof ofgfRjg wfM;f g+ ldvf k|efljt h'O .
– Ajg]ano\ j Rjo]ano\ kfo\l5 hM d+t wfM;f cyjf u'ln ;lts jf tfkfs nfo]dfMu' vM pln dnfs Ajg]Rjo] dfn wfM;f g+ pls ldvfoft s'k|efj nfO .
– w" j s'“ b'yfo\ tfpt tfpt Rjg]dfn wfM;f g+ pls+ ldvfoft k|efj nfsL .
– ldvfoft dfSj cf/fd d+t wfM;f+ g+ ldvfoft s'k|efj nfO .
– cfkfM d;nf b'u' g;fHjn+, rf6 ksf}8L, nf go]u' ofOlk+t g+ ldvf :og]oM .
– Gx\oMg] nfMu' Ono\ go]u', s'kf]lift vfB kbfy{ go]u' oftls g+ pls+ ldvfo\ k|efj nfsL .
– /]n, a;, sf/ cflbO RjgfM jg]ano\ u'lk+ dg"to\ Ajg]u' afgL b',Oldt g+ ldvfo\ Njo\ h'O .
– t;s+ a'Nn's 5fk] ofgftMu' ;k"m Ajgls g+ ldvf :ofgfjO .
– t;s+ ldhnf lkxf+jofRj+u' ldof Gx\oMg] Hof ofo]dfMlk+t j tfpt lgefno\ lkxf+ h'OdfMlk+t g+ ldvf :ofO .
– tgfj+ g+ ldvfof Njo\ tRjo]sL .
– k|fs[lts ?k+ jOu' jfMsfM, xfl5sfM, lv–Rj cflboft lkmgfRjgls g+ pls+ ldvfo\ c;/ nfsL .
– nuftf/ gzfof ;]jg ofOlk+t g+ ldvfof tMtf x] Njr+ so]k'm .
cho zfSo
d+uf]nto\t O;fO{ wd{of lzIff lapj+Dx ofqL
OZjLof lem+:j+u"u' ztfAbLof by'Okfv] k]l/;of h'h' n'O u'DxDx (Louis-9) of b/af/o\ k|mfO/ ljlnod gf+ofDx 5Dx dg" tMb“ Gx\oj+ lg;]+ x] RjgfjofRj+u' vM . j h'h'of bsno\ kTof/ b'lk+ dWo] 5Dx vM . 5Gx' lGxgo\ h'h'+ joft 5u" ;Gb]z 5\jofxn . psL h'h'+ woftMu' b', …5+ lhu' lg+lt+ 5u" vt/f+ hfMu' ofqf ofo]dfMu' b' . Yj ofqf Plzofof d+uf]n hfltof nfuL h'O . cg ;/tfs (Sartach) gf+ofDx ;/bf/ b', u'Dx O{;fO{ vM . lhu' OR5f b' ls 5 jofyfO x'“, cn] cg RjgfM dg"to\t O{;fO{ wd{of ljifoo\ pkb]z lap .Ú
h'h'of yHofMu' v+ k|mfO/ ljlnodof g'uno\ pQ]hgf j eo lgtf+ Ajng . j+ l;p ls 5'+ 5'+ o"/f]kjf;Lt hs Plzofo\ b'xf+ jg]k'mu' b' . Plzofof w/tLO v"+vf/ d+uf]n hflt+ hfM KogftMu' b' . Yj hflt rLg+ jMu' vM . k|mfO/ ljlnod d+uf]nto\u' h+unLkxof ljifoo\ l;pDx vM . t/ y'u' hfltof 5Dx ;/bf/ O{;fO{ vM wfMu'ln+ O{;fO{ wd{of lzIff aLu' Hofo\ yM ;kmn h'Ok'm wofu' v“o\ jof dg Rj+ . Yj x] cfzfof cfwf/o\ j+ ofqfo\ jg]u' h'h'of ph+oft :jLsf/ oft .
ofqfof Gxfkf+u' r/0fo\ k|mfO/ j jof kf;flk+t sf+:6]+6Lgf]kn (constantinople) aGb/ufxo\ Yos] o+sn . cg+ :jDx d]lk+ dg"t AjgfM k|mfO/ ljlnod ;d'b|L ofqfo\ jgf5\jt . cn] dO{, !@%# o\ d+uf]n ;fd|fHoof ;Ldfgf ?;o\ Yo+sM jg . cg+lg;]+ ;n uofM Olk+ Gx\ofMjg . Olk+ cHofMu' zx/+ h'gfM jgfRjg, u'u' d+uf]nto\;+ gi6 ofgflapu' vM . cfM cg dg"of yf;o\ Sj“o\of å“ x] hs No+blg . ofqfo\ jgfu' :jGx' b'ano\ Old;+ yMlklg Gx\oMg] ;'kf“o\ jM y]+ Rj+s w'ºjM b+u' vg . wfy]+ nf j d+uf]nto\u' 6's8L vM, u'lk+ Olk+kfv]+ x] Gx\ofMjofRj+u' b' . k|mfO/ ljlnod j jof kf;flk+ Yj vgfM UofgfM cg x] lbgfRjg . erf hfMano\ d+uf]n ;}lgsto\;+ Oldt 5rfMv]/+ e'g] w'+sn . plk+ d+uf]n n8fs't t;s+ x] ch" rfofk'u'' e]ife"iffo\ b' . Old;+ 5\o+ Tjk'oftMu' b', VjfMof /+u Dxf;';] Rj+ cn] ldvf a]SjM . u'lnl;of+ Nxfto\ t/jf/ b', u'lnl;of+ Nxfto\ tL/–sdfg b' . Olk+ dWo] 5Dx]l;g+ jofs] Gog, …;' xf+ 5 < ug+ jofu', cn] ug jg]Togfu' <Ú k|mfO/+ ln;M lan, …lhlk+ k]l/;of h'h' n'O{ u'DxDxof b/af/+ joflk+ vM . l5ld ;/tfs gf+ofDx ;/bf/ 5Dx O{;fO{ vM wofu' v“ lhld;+ Gogf . 5+ lhldt jofyfo\ Ajgfo+s] k'm nf <Ú k'rMof gfon+ ln;M lan, …lhld;+ l5ldt plndl5 tfkfs o+s] kmOdv', t/ lhld;+ l5ldt lhld d]Dx ;/bf/ l;t] (Scitay) ofyfo\ cjZo Ajgfo+s] .Ú
rl5 ts d+uf]ntln;] ofqf ofof+ ;'y h'O y]+ Rj+sfM k|mfO/ j jof kf;flk+ ;/bf/ l;t]of SofDko\ Yo+sM jg . Yj a}nufl8ofu' SofDk vM . cg b'u' ;n+;+ a}nuf8fo\ kfn nf]8 ofgftMu' b' . Yj vgfM k|mfO/ t;s+ ch" rfn – hdLgo\ 5]“ dbo]s';] kfnof ?ko\ yMlklgu' 5]“ x] Sjlaofh'Olk+ uHofMlk+ h'O y'lk+ < lGxl5 ts k|mfO/ j jof kf;flk+ plk+ln;] x] ofqf ofgfM jgfRjg cn] ;lgno\ SofDk uf8] ofMano\ k|mfO/oft l;t]of SofDko\ Ajgfo+sn . ;/bf/ vftf y]+HofMu'nL ºot'gfRj+u' b' .jofu' SofDko\ Rj+lk+ d]d]lk+ ld;ft ldh+t bSj+ a“o\ ºot'gfRj+u' b' . k|mfO/ g+ Olk+ln;]+ t'+ a“o\ x] ºot't .
k|mfO/ ljlnod+ ;/bf/ l;t]oft la:s'6 j co\nfM b]5fof ?ko\ nMNxft . l;t]+ joft ;nof b'? lan, u'u' k|mfO/+ Tjgflan . l;t]+ jofs] …yg 5fo\ jofu' <Ú wsfM Go+ano\ j+ ;/tfsoft gfknfo]u' yMu' OR5f sg . ;/bf/ l;t]+ k|mfO/ j jof kf;flk+t ;/tfsofyfo\ Yo+sfaLt ofqfof k|aGw ofs]lan . tMGx' x] las ofqf ofgfMln k|mfO/ ljlnod ;/tfsof SofDko\ Yo+sM jg . j+ O{;fO{to\;+ k'gL y]+HofMu' j;M k'gfM ;/tfsof SofDko\ b'xf+ jg . clejfbg cflbof cf}krf–l/stf k'j+s] w'+sfM k|mfO/ ljlnod+ yM jofu'of p2]Zo sg . ps'Gx' lGxl5 j+ ln;M x] dlap . sGxo\ s'Gx' j+ wfn, …5+ O{;fO{ wd{of lzIff aLu' vM;f y'lsof nfuL 5+ lhld ca' aft' (Batu) ofs] ph+ ºjg] dfnL .Ú
tMGx' ts ofqf ofgfMln k|mfO/ aft'ofyfo\ Yo+sMjg . aft'ln;] v“ Nxfo] w'+sfM j+ joft d+uf]nto\ ;/bf/ d+u' vfg (Mangu Khan) ofyfo\ jg]u' ;Nxf lan .joft wfMsy+ d+u' vfgofyfo\ Yo+s]t Konfof ofqf ofo]dfnLu' h'n . lkTofM KofMrfM dwf;] Konf ts ofqf ofgfMln @# l8;]Da/, !@%# o\ d+u' vfgof SofDko\ Yo+sMjg . d+u' vfgofyfo\ Yo+sfM j+ j x] Ogfk oft . d+u' vfg+ jofu' v“oft c:jLsf/ oft . t/ lrs'nf HjMl5 joft cg x] SofDko\ Rj“ wsfM toftn . a;Gt Ct' Yo+sM jo]j+ k|mfO/oft wfn, …cfM l5 lnxf+ emf;“ . d+uf]nto\ yMlklg x] BM b' . lhld;+ j x] BM k'Hofo]u' vM . O{;fO{to\ BMto\t lhld;+ ljZjf; dofgf .Ú
k|mfO/ ljlnod lnxf+ jgf5\jt cn] t;s+ ylst h'ofM ;g\ !@%%o\ k]l/; Yo+sMjg . j d+uf]nto\t O{;fO{ bo]s]u' yMu' p2]Zoo\ c;kmn h'n, t/ jofu' ofqf c;kmn l;4 dh'n . j+ yMu' ofqfof ‰jno\ d+uf]nto\u' af/] oSj x] hfgsfl/ d'gfxMu' h'ofRjg, u'u' lnkf jgfM vf]h–ofqLto\u' lg+lt+ t;s+ dxTjk"0f{ l;4 h'n .
– s[i0fdfg >]i7
