v]ns'b dGqLnfO{ sfnf]em08f
sf7df8f}+ ÷ gful/s ;jf]{Rrtfsf] dfu ub}{ cfGbf]ng/t PsLs[t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf sfo{stf{x¿n] v]ns'b dGqL u0f]z g]kfnLnfO{ sfnf]em08f b]vfPsf 5g\ .
anDa' Snjåf/f cfof]lht k|yd anDa' l;lgo/ tyf h'lgo/ pkTosfJofkL v'Nnf p;' k|ltof]lutf ;dfkg ;df/f]xdf ;xefuL x'g hfg] qmddf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stF{x¿n] dGqL g]kfnLnfO{ sfnf]em08f b]vfPsf x'g\ .
sfnf]em08f b]vfpg] qmddf em8knufotsf clk|o 36gf eg] gePsf] dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{x¿n] hgfPsf 5g\ . o;cl3 Go"/f]8df cfof]lht Ps sfo{qmddf hfg] qmddf klg g]kfnLnfO{ sfnf]em08f b]vfOPsf] lyof] .
of}g lzIff cled'vLs/0f
/;'jf ÷ rf“8f] ljjfx / ;fgf] pd]/df x'g] ue{wf/0f /f]syfd u/L u|fdL0f If]qsf lszf]/lszf]/Lsf] of}g tyf k|ygg :jf:Yodf ;'wf/ Nofpg /;'jfsf lzIfslzlIfsfnfO{ cled'vLs/0f tfnLd lbPsf] 5 .
/;'jfsf u|fdL0f e]udf ;fgf] pd]/df ljjfx ug]{ k|j[lQ sfod /x]sfn] To;af6 x'g] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{ To:tf] tfnLd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ;xhstf{ dfg]sf]/ ;f];fO6L g]kfnsf cWoIf s};fª tfdfªn] atfP .
tfdfªsf cg';f/ rf“8f] x'g] ue{wf/0fsf] hf]lvd / ;f] /f]syfdsf nflu lzIfs lzlIfsfsf] dfWodaf6 cleofg ;~rfng ug{ ;lhnf] x'g]5 .
:yfgLo ljsf; PsLs[t ;dfh -;f]ln8_ g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf w'Gr]df cfof]lht ;f] tfnLddf of}g tyf k|hgg :jf:Yo ;'wf/ sfo{qmd nfu" ePsf ljBfnosf @% lzIfs lzlIfsf ;xefuL lyP .
!)% hgfn] g]kfnL sf+u|]; 5f8]
g]kfnu~h÷ af“s] lhNnf If]q g+= $ sf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf *# lqmofzLn ;b:o ;lxt !)% hgf sfo{stf{x¿n] ;+o'Qm ?kdf /fhLgfdf lbPsf 5g\ .
/fhLgfdf g]kfnL sf+u|]; g]t[Tj;“u ljleGg ljifodf c;xdlt aGb} uPsf], g]t[Tj ;dIf s'g} klg ;d:of /fVbf ;dfwfgtkm{ Wofg glbPsf], g]sf cGtu{t s'g} klg ;+u7gdf cl3 a9\g vf]Hbf g]t[Tj c;xdt ePsf] nufotsf ljifo pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
7"nf] ;+Vofdf sfo{stf{åf/f ;+o'Qm /fhLgfdf lbPkl5 clxn] kf6L{leq v}nfa}nf dlRrPsf] 5 .
af“s] lhNnf IF]q g+= $ df g]kfnL sf+u|];sf eft[ ;+u7gx¿n] s]xL sfo{ gu/]sf] If]qLo ;ldltx¿ df}g a;]sf] :jLsfb}{ g]kfnL sf+u|]; af“s]sf ;efklt s[i0fdfg >]i7n] eGg' eof], æ/fhLgfdf lbg] sfo{stf{nfO{ ;xdltdf NofO{ ;f] lkmtf{ u/fOg] 5 .Æ
lqljlj z'Ns al4 lj?4 ljBfyL{x¿ s8f ;+3if{df ug]{
sf7df8f}+ ÷ s]xL ;dob]lv zfGt /x]sf ljBfyL{x¿ km]l/ ;/sf/ lj?4 ;+3if{df pqg] ePsf 5g\ . o; k6ssf] ;+3if{ ;/sf/L ljZjljBfno ælqe'jg ljZjljBfnoÆsf] z'Ns a[l4sf lj?4 xf] . lghL ljZjljBfnosf] t'ngfdf sd z'Ns ePsfn] lqljljn] lghL ljBfnox¿;“u k|lt:kwf{ ug{ g;s]sfn] z'Ns a[l4 ul/Psf] atfP klg ;a} kf6L{sf] !# ljBfyL{ ;+u7g ;+3if{df pqg] ePsf 5g\ .
g]kfnu+hdf rGbf cft+s
sf7df8f}+ ÷ g]kfnu+hdf ljleGg ;z:q ;d"xx¿n] Jofkf/Lx¿nfO{ lr¶L n]v]/ 7"nf]–7"nf] /sd rGbf dfUg], rGbf glbP Hofg} dfg]{ wDsL lbPsfn] g]kfnu+hsf Jofkf/Lx¿ rGbf cft+saf6 kLl8t ePsf 5g\ . g]kfnu+h pBf]u Jofkf/ ;+3sf cWoIfsf cg';f/ Ps, b'O{ xf]Og cg]s gfdsf ;z:q ;d"xx¿n] rGbf dfUg], dfu] hlt rGbf glbP Hofg} dfg]{ wDsL lbg] u/]sfn] Jofkf/ 5f]8\g' kg]{ l:ylt ;[hgf ePsf] 5 .
s] ;/sf/L 9's'6L dfs'g] u7aGwg ;/sf/sf] a'cfsf] ;DklQ xf] <
nf]s]Gb| k'qnfO{ $) s/f]8 ldGxf / lul/hfnfO{ Po/ PDa'n]G; ⁄
sf7df8f}+ ÷ dfwj g]kfn g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/n] Pskl5 csf]{ uNtL ub}{ zfxL ;/sf/em}= a|≈dn"6 dRrfPsf] egL ;j{;fwf/0f aLr Jofks rrf{ 5 . k"j{ k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf 5f]/f c?0f rGb -/fk|kfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o_ nfO{ $) s/f]8 C0f ldGxf ug]{ lgb]{zg lbP/ ;f] dWo] slt sldzg vfPsf] xf] cg';Gwfg ug'{kg]{ s'/f cg';Gwfg clwsf/Lx¿n] lhsL/ u/]sf 5g\ .
c?0f rGbn] )%@ ;fndf lnPsf] %& s/f]8 C0fsf] ;f“jf / Jofh dWo] Ps ?k}of“ klg lt/]sf 5}gg\ . ;fy} pgn] ;/sf/L a}+sx¿nfO{ ! cj{ % s/f]8 ltg{ af“sL g} /x]sf] 5 . pgn] ^@ s/f]8 ?k}of“ cf7 jif{df ltg{ lgj]bg lbPkl5 s7k'tnL ;/sf/sf gfpaf6 rlr{t k|wfgdGqL dfwj g]kfnn] 7"nf] /sd ldGxf ug{ tf]s cfb]z u/]/ cy{ dGqfnodf k7fpg' u}/ sfg"gL sfd ePsf] xf] .
a}+ssf] C0f gltg]{ JolQmnfO{ h]ndf /fvL ;a} /sd c;'n pk/ ul/g'kg]{df ;f] gu/L k"j{ /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf glhs dflgPsf nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf k'qnfO{ sl/j $) s/f]8 C0f 5'6 lbg cy{ dGqfnonfO{ lgb]{zg lbg' /fli6«o 9's'6Ldfly v]njf8 ePsf] 5 . ;f] ldnn] ;/sf/ lgolGqt a}+sx¿af6 lnPsf] %& s/f]8 !& nfv ;f“jf / To;sf] !$ jif{sf] Aofh u/L Ps cj{eGbf a9L ltg{ af“sL 5 . ldnaGb ePsf] cj:yfdf )%@ ;fnb]lvsf] C0f df]rg ug{ 3/sf] 9's'6Lem}+ /fli6«o 9's'6Ldfly v]njf8 ug]{ k|wfgdGqLnfO{ g}ltstfn] lbG5 .
o;}u/L ;QF l6sfpgnfO{ ;'hftfnfO{ pkk|wfgdGqL agfpg] g]kfnn] ca lj/fdL a'cfnfO{ pkrf/ u/fpgsf nflu dx+uf] Po/ PDa'n]G; dufP/ /fli6«o 9's'6Lsf] v'nf b'?kof]u ug'{ ePsf] 5 . sf7df8f}+af6 l;+ufk'/ hfg] Po/a;x¿ lgoldt 5“bf5“b} Po/ PDa'n]G; dufP/ cd]l/sfsf] /fi6«kltn] k|of]u ug]{ ;'ljwfnfO{ klg dft ug]{ sfd u/Lj b]zsf] ah]6 kfl/t u/fpg g;s]sf k|wfgdGqLn] u/]sf 5g\ .
lul/hfsf] pkrf/ ug'{ pgsf] kf6L{ / kl/jf/n] ;fdYo{ /fVbf /fVb} /fli6«o 9's'6Laf6 hgtfsf] /ut k;Lgf vf];]/ p7]sf] s/af6 pkrf/ vr{ ug{' /fd|f] xf] t < sbflk /fd|f] gePsf] ;a}n] lhsL/ ub}{ 5g\ . t/, ;Qf l6sfpg h;nfO{ klg eQf v'jfpg of] ;/sf/ /fli6«o 9's'6LnfO{ afpsf] 9's'6L 7fGb} vr{ ul//x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
ca wdfwd u0f/fHo 3f]if0ff ul/g] M uh'/]n
;'g;/L÷ PsLs[t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;lrj l;kL uh'/]nn] kf6L{n] t];|f] r/0fsf] cfGbf]ng 3f]if0ff ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfPdf cfGbf]ngs} qmddf wdfwd u0f/fHox¿sf] 3f]if0ff ug]{ r]tfjgL lbg' ePsf] 5 .
w/fgdf cfof]lht kqsf/ e]63f6 sfo{qmddf ;lrj uh'/]nn] kf6L{n] lbPsf] d+l;/ % ut];Ddsf] clN6d]6daf6 klg ;/sf/ uDeL/ gag]df cfGbf]ng cem;zQm x'g] atfpg'eof] .
clN6d]6kZrft\ klg ;/sf/n] cfGbf]ngsf] dd{ a'em\g] sf]l;; gu/]df tTsfn t];|f] r/0fsf] cfGbf]ng 3f]if0ff ug]{ pxf“sf] egfO{ lyof] . slxn]b]lv t];|f] r/0fsf] cfGbf]ng ug]{ eGg] ;jfndf 5nkmn eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L lbg' x'“b} pxf“n] ;f] cfGbf]ngdf :jtM:km"t{ hgpef/ p/fNg] atfpg'eof] . bf];|f] r/0feGbf t];|f] r/0fsf] cfGbf]ngsf] :j?k ;zQm eP klg zflGtk"0f{ x'g] pxf“sf] egfO{ lyof] .
k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿ Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] cfGbf]ngnfO{ lx+;fTds agfpg] v]ntkm{ nfu]sf] v'nf;f ub}{ pxf“n] kf6L{n] cfGbf]ngnfO{ zflGtk"0f{ t/ ;zQm agfpg] 7f]s'jf ug'{ eof] . kf6L{sf] k"jL{ sdf08 OGrfh{;d]t /xg'ePsf g]tf uh'/]nn] t];|f] r/0fsf] cfGbf]ng /fhwfgLdf dfq s]lGb|t gx'g] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
ltnu+uf cf“vf k|lti7fgdf ljZj dw'd]x lbj;
la/fdLx¿sf] nflu :jf:Yo lzIff Pj+ lgMz'Ns cf“vf kl/If0f sfo{qmd
sf7df8f}+ ÷ dw'd]xnfO{ /fd|/L a'emf}+ / lgoGq0fdf /fvf}+ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy ljZj dw'd]x lbj; eJo?kdf dgfOPsf] 5
o; ;Gbe{df ltnu+uf cf“vf k|lti7fgdf ut jif{ em}+ o;kfnL klg dw'd]x lbj; cfof]hgf u/L hgr]tgf hufpg] sfd ;DkGg eof] .
dw'd]x Ps k|sf/sf] k|f0f3fts /f]u xf] of] /f]u nfu]df l9nfO{ ubf{ z/L/sf cGo c+ux¿ k|efljt x'g] ub{5 . To;}n] /f]u nfUg glbg / /f]u nfu]sfnfO{ ;f]af6 hf]ufpg ;dod}+ /f]syfd / lgoGq0fsf nflu sIff ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] .
dw'd]xaf6 af“Rg vfg]kfgLdf plrt ljrf/, zf/Ll/s Jofks, z/L/sf] tf}ndf lgoGq0f ug'{kg]{ s'/f 8fS6/x¿n] cf}+Nofpg' ePsf] 5 . ;f] cj;/df 8f= uf]ljGb kf}8\ofnn] xfd|f] h:tf] ;dfhdf /f]un] h/f uf8\g gkfpg To;sf nflu ;ts{tfsf] vf“rf] cf}+Nofp“b} /f]u lgd'{n kfg{ ;dfhsf x/]s ju{ hfu?s x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbg' eof] .
o;}u/L 8f= /af yfkfn] dw'd]xnfO{ ;dod}+ lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsof] eg] dflg;nfO{ bL3{hLjL agfpg d2t k'Ug] ljZjf; JoQm ug'{ eof] .
;f] cj;/df 8f= Hof]lt e§/fO{, ;Demgf zfSo / g]kfn kqsf/ ;+3sf ;efklt d~h' /Tg zfSon] dw'd]x /f]uaf6 kg]{ c;/, k|efj / /f]usf] lgbfgaf/] k|sfz kfg'{ ePsf] lyof] .
g]kfndf xfn $ nfv #^ xhf/eGbf a9L dw'd]xsf /f]uLx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .
ltnu+uf cf“vf k|lti7fgdf cf“vfsf] pkrf/, df]ltljGb'sf] ck/]zg / cf“vf ;DaGwL ;a} k|sf/sf] e/kbf]{ pkrf/ x'“b} cfPsf] 5 . 8f= uf]ljGb kf}8\ofn / 8f= /af yfkfn] la/fdLx¿;“u ug'{ x'g] ;/n Jojxf/ / lzi6tfsf nflu ;df/f]xdf pkl:yt ;a}n] d'Qm s07n] k|z+;f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
;f] cj;/df ltnu+uf cf“vf k|lti7fgsf] 8fS6/x¿åf/f dw'd]xsf lj/fdLx¿sf nflu :jf:Yo lzIff Pjd\ lgMz'Ns cf“vf kl/If0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
dfcf]jfbL d'7e]8tkm{ M b]pjfsf] sf“wdf sf+u|];sf] lhDd]jf/L
g]kfnu~h÷ k"j{ k|wfgdGqL Pj+ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf jl/i7 g]tf z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] ;/sf/n] jftf{ / ;xdltsf] k|of;nfO{ cufl8 a9fO/x]s} a]nf dfcf]jfbLn] cfGbf]ng rsf{P/ d'n'snfO{ d'7e]8df n}hfg vf]h]sf] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
g]kfn k|]; o'lgog af“s]åf/f g]kfnu~hdf cfof]lht kqsf/ e]63f6df af]Nb} jl/i7 g]tf b]pjfn] dfcf]jfbLsf] jt{dfg lqmofsnfkn] pgLx¿ jftf{ / ;xdltsf] kIfdf g/x]sf] k|i6 kf/]sf] atfpg' eof] . jftf{ 6'+uf]df gk'Ub} cgfjZos tl/sfn] cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff u/]/ ljt08f dRrfpg vf]Hg dfcf]jfbLsf nflu ef]ln klg clxts/ x'g] pxf“n] atfpg' eof] .
jftf{ / ;xdltaf6 x/]s ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg lg:sg] bfjL ub}{ g]tf b]pjfn] t/ jftf{d} ga:g rfx]df s'g} ;d:of ;dfwfg gx'g] atfpg' eof] . dfcf]jfbL n8fs"x¿sf] Joj:yfkg gu/];Dd gof“ ;+ljwfg aGg g;Sg] hgfp“b} pxf“n] dfcf]jfbL x7 / n8fs" Joj:yfkgdf eO/x]sf] l9nfO{sf sf/0f ;dodf ;+ljwfg gaGg] 7f]s'jf ug'{ eof] .
kqsf/åf/f ;f]lwPsf] Ps k|Zgsf] hjfkmfdf b]pjfn] h'g bnx¿n] /fi6«klt sxf“ uP/ s6'jfnnfO{ ul/Psf] sf/jfxL /f]Sg cfu|x u/] pgLx¿n] g} ca s;/L /fi6«kltsf] lg0f{onfO{ unt 7Dofpg ;S5g\ eGg] k|Zg ub}{ ;f] ;DaGwdf s'g} lg0f{o gx'g] atfpg' eof] .
dfcf]jfbL cfkm";“u ;a}eGbf a9L 8/fPsfn] g} k6s–k6s cfkm"dfly ;f+3flts cfqmd0fx¿ ub}{ cfPsf] b]pjfsf] syg lyof] .
g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;efklt lul/hf k|;fb sf]O/fnfn] :jfefljs pQ/flwsf/L kf6L{leq cfkm" dfq} ePsf] bfjL ub}{ pxf“n] ca ;efkltsf] lhDd]jf/L cfkm\gf] sf“wdf cfpg] ljZjf; JoQm ug'{ eof] .
a]Zofj[lQsf] cgf}7f] tl/sf
sf7df8f}+ ÷ …d rlr{t lkmNdsf] lgb]{zs x'“, ca lgdf{0f x'g] lkmNddf gflosfsf] e"ldsf lbnfO lbG5'Ú eGb} /fhwfgLsf Ps bh{g o'jtL;“u !)–!) xhf/ ?lkof“ 7uL ub}{ u/]sf] cj:yfdf rnlrqsdL{n] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf l;Gw'nL tLg sGofsf @( jifL{o s[i0fd'/f/L u'?ªnfO{ k|x/Lsf] lhDdf nufPsf] 5 .
rlr{t …bngÚ 6]lnrnlrqsf gfos tyf …d]/f] Pp6f ;fyL 5Ú rnlqsf lgb]{zs ;'bz{g yfkfsf] gfd k|of]uu/L u'?ªn] w]/} o'jtLnfO{ kmf]g u/]/ d lgb]{zs ;'bz{g yfkf eGb} xhf/f}+ ?lkof“ 7uL u/]sf] cf/f]k rnlrqsdL{n] nufPsf 5g . cfkm\gf] gfddf 7uL ug]{ gSsnL lgb]{zs u'?ªnfO{ kqmfp ug{ ;kmn lgb]{zs yfkfn] w]/} lbgsf] k|of;kl5 u'?ªnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] hgfsf/L lbg' eof] .
xfn} >Ls[i0f u'?ªsf] gfddf ljb]z k7fO lbG5' eGb} uf]7f6f/sf d'/f/L 9'+u]naf6 tLg nfv ?lkof“ 7uL u/]kl5 k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/L ;'Gwf/f sf/fuf/df h]n hLjg latfO/x]sf u'?ª %) xhf/ ?lkof“ w/f}6L /fv]/ b'O{ dlxgf cl3 dfq 5'6]sf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . 5'6]sf] ef]lnkN6} u'?ªn] k'gM 7uL k];f ;~rfng u/]sf] x'g;Sg] sf7df8f}+ kl/;/sf k|d'v gj/fh l;njfnn] atfpg' eof] .
o;}aLr, b]xJofkf/L ;DaGwL j]j;fO6 g} vf]n]/ sf7df8f}+sf kf“rtf/] xf]6nx¿nfO{ b]xJofkf/sf] cv8f agfp“b} cfPsL O6x/L 3/ eO{ xfn tfxfrn a:g] #% jifL{of ;/Ltf >]i7 tLg hgf ;xsdL{;lxt kqmfp k/]sL 5g\ . kqmfp kg]{df O6x/LsL Hof]lt /fO{, emfkf ;'?+ufsL ddtf k|;fO{+ / Po/xf]:6]h tflnd ln“b} u/]sL ?ljl;+x 7s'/L /x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ sf7df8f}+s} kf“rtf/] xf]6naf6 kqmfp ul/Psf] kl/;/ k|d'v l;njfnn] atfpg'eof] .
pgLx¿;“u} P;Pg Dofgkfj/sf ;~rfns df]xg 9sfn / l8saxfb'/ vqL klg kqmfp k/]sf 5g\ . ;/Ltfn] b]xJofkf/nfO{ ljut tLg jif{ cl3b]lv Jofj;flos 9+un] ;~rfng ug]{ u/]sf] / :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL u|fxsnfO{ Od]naf6 ;Dks{ u/L af]nfpg] u/]sf] k|x/Ln] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf atfPsf] xf] .
;Ldf ldr]sf] 7x/
g]kfn ;/sf/ df}g
wgu9L ÷ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] s}nfnLdf ef/tLo kIfn] ;Ldf ldr]sf] k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . yf?jfg /fHo ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf s}nfnLsf ;Ldf cjnf]sg u/]kl5 dfcf]jfbLn] ef/tLo kIfn] ;Ldf cltqmd0f u/]sf] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf] xf] .
sflQs !$ ut] s}nfnLsf] k"jL{ l;dfgf wgl;xk'/ uflj;af6 z'¿ ePsf] ;Ldf cjnf]sgsf qmddf s}nfnL lhNnfsf] ljleGg ;Ldf If]qsf #* ;Ldf :tDex¿ x/fPsf] kQf nfu]sf] klg dfcf]jfbLsf] bfjL 5 .
^* h+8] lkNn/dWo] !# / !#* ;fgf] lkNn/dWo] @% lkNn/ x/fPsf 5g\ eg] sltko ;Ldfdf gDj/g} gePsf lkNn/x¿ e]l6Psf 5g . ;Ldf If]qsf] lg/LIf0f ug{ ag]sf] hfu/0f cleofgsf ;+of]hs Pj+ dfcf]jfbLsf s}nfnL lhNnf OGrfh{ xl/ 1jfnL cv08n] eGg' eof]– s}nfnLsf] nfnaf]emL ;Ldf If]qdf ^ ;Ldf :tDex¿ / lxSdtk'/ vqmf}nf, wgl;+xk'/b]lv wgu9L;Ddsf ;Ldf IF]qsf #@ ;Ldf :tDex¿ x/fPsf 5g\ .
sltko ;Ldf :tDex¿ gbLn] aufP/ nu]sf] / sltko ;Ldf :tDex¿ ef/tLo ;Ldf ;'/Iff ann] x6fPsf] klg pxf“n] atfpg' eof] . ef/tLo ;Ldf ;'/Iff ann] ehgLsf] b}n]vL 6f]ndf #%, hldg nfnaf]emLsf] b'w'jf kmf“6df ;of}+ lj3f, lxDdtk'/df 5 ;o la3f, kj]/fdf ;of}+ u]/ Ps xhf/ kf“r lj3f hldg ldr]sf] dfcf]jfbLsf] bfjL 5 .
ldr]sf hldgx¿df ef/tLo ;Ldf ;'/Iff ansf] bjfjdf hf]tg u/L efurng u/]sf] OGrfh{ 1jfnLn] atfpg' eof] . pxf“n] ef/tLo ;Ldf ;'/Iff ann] dlxgfsf] Ps k6s g]kfnsf ;Ldf:tDex¿ lg/LIf0f ug]{ u/]sf] / g]kfnL kIfaf6 eg] s'g} rf;f] gb]vfPsf sf/0f g]kfnL e"ld ldlrg] u/]sf] cf/f]k nufpg' eof] .
g]kfnsf sd{rf/L ;Ldf lj1x¿sf] nfrf/Lkgsf sf/0f g]kfnL e"ld u'Dg k'u]sf] cleofgsf ;b:ox¿n] atfPsf 5g\ . s}nfnLsf] e"efunfO{ s6fg x'g glbg l5§} j[If/f]k0fsf] cleofg ;~rfng ug]{ klg dfcf]jfbLn] hgfPsf] 5 .
g]skf dfn]df gLnd v8\sf lgjf{lrt
lrtjg ÷ g]skf dfn]sf] e|ft[ ;+u7g clvn g]kfn k|ultzLn dlxnf ;+3sf] bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng gLnd v8\sfnfO{ k'gM cWoIfdf ;j{;Ddt rog ub}{ ;lsPsf] 5 .
lrtjgsf] gf/fo0fu9df z'¿ ePsf] ;Dd]ngsf] dfn] dxf;lrj ;LkL d}gfnLn] Ps sfo{qmdaLr pb\3f6g u/]sf lyP . ;+3sf] pkfWoIfdf eujtL l3ld/], dxf;lrjdf hgss'df/L uh'/]n, ;lrjdf rGb|snf ;'Ajf, sf]iffWoIfdf ;'zLnf kxf8L, ;lrjfno ;b:odf tLy{b]jL l;njfg tyf dgzf]ef kf08] rog ePsf 5g\ .
ckf+u dfgjflwsf/ ;+/If0f d+rsf cWoIf afa's[i0f dxh{gdfly ;f+3flts xdnf
sf7df8f}+ ÷ g]kfn /fli6«o ckf+u dfgjlwsf/ ;+/If0f d+rsf cWoIf afa's[i0f dxh{g -g]qxLg_ dfly dxf/fhu+hl:yt æg]kfn g]qxLg ;+3Æsf cWoIf g/axfb'/ lnDa'sf] pkl:yltdf ;f“9] k|s[ltsf pb08 / c/fhs JolQmx¿n] a]n'sf % ah] g]qxLg ljBfyL{sf] nflu lstfjx¿ cl8of] Sof;]6df /]s8{ ePsf] rSsfx¿nfO{ e[s'6L d08kl:yt, :6n gDj/ ^) df a;L ?h' u/L /x]sf] a'nf 3]/fp lbO{ pxf“dfly ;f+3flts xdnf u/]sf 5g\ .
Toxf“ ! nfv a/fa/sf ;dfgx¿ h:t} cl8of] Sof;]6x¿ 6]k/]s8{x¿ / y'k|} cd"No k':tsx¿ tyf o; d+rsf sfuhkq hkmt u/]sf 5\g . h;af6 ;Dk"0f{ ckf+u hut ddf{lxt x'gsf ;fy} g]qxLg ljBfyL{x¿n] k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf] ;'ljwfdfly k|xf/ u/L g/axfb'/ lnDa'n] g]qxLgx¿sf] k7g kf7gsf] clwsf/df wfaf af]n]sf] s'/f g]kfn /fli6«o ckf+u dfgjclwsf/ ;+/If0f d+rsf pkfWoIf csa/ yfkf du/n] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
dw'd]x /f]u / cf“vf
dw'd]x /f]u (Diabetes Mellitus) s] xf] <
z/L/sf] Koflqmofhaf6 lg:sg] OG;'lng (Insulin) gfdsf] u|lGy/;sf] sdL eP/ jf o;n] ug'{ kg]{ sfddf /f]sfj6 cfP/ /utdf Un'sf]h (Glucose) sf] dfqf a9\g'nfO{ dw'd]x (Diabeties) elgG5 .
dw'd]x Ps lb3{/f]u xf] h;n] ljZjsf] 7"nf] hg;+VofnfO{ k|efj kf/]sf] 5 . ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7g (WHO) sf] Ps tYof+s cg';f/ ;g\ @))) df @=*∞ hg;+VofnfO{ dw'd]x ePsf] / ;g\ @)#) ;Dd a9]/ of] $=$∞ x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . k|foM $% jif{ dflysf JolQmnfO{ b]vf kg]{ of] /f]unfO{ s'g} pd]/ tyf ln+usf] 5]sjf/ eg] 5}g . of] j+zf0f'ut tyf w]/} df]6f], al9 b]vf kb{5 . w]/} lk;fa x'g] ltvf{ Hofb} nfUg] /fd|/L vfgf vfP klg b'Anfp“b} hfg], a/fa/ 3fpm–vl6/f cfpg] t/ l56f] lgsf] gx'g], a]xf]z x'g] h:tf nIo0fx¿ o; /f]udf b]vf kg{ ;Gb5g\ . t/ :jf:Yo k/LIf0f u/]/ /utdf Un'sf]h (Glucose) sf] dfqf hf“r u/] kl5 dfq o; /f]usf] lgbfg ug{ ;lsG5 .
dw'd]xn] z/L/sf] dxTjk"0f{ c+ux¿ h:t} M :gfo', cf“vf, d[uf}nf, /QmgfnLx¿ cflbdf c;/ ub{5 . o; lsl;dsf] eofgs /f]usf] ;dodf g} klxrfg u/L pkrf/åf/f /f]unfO{ lgoGq0fdf /fVg ;lsPdf o;af6 x'g ;Sg] vt/fx¿af6 w]/} xb;Dd aRg ;lsG5 .
dw'd]xn] cf“vfdf kf]g{ c;/x¿ M
dw'd]xn] z/L/sf ljleGg k|0ffnLx¿df c;/ k'¥ofpb5 . o;n] zl//sf dl;gf /QmgnLnfO{ c;/ kf/L ;d:of lgDTofp“5 . :gfo'df (Neuropathy), d[uf}nfdf (Nephropathy), u/]h:t} cf“vfdf (Retinopathy) h:tf] hl6n ;d:of lgDTofp“5 . cf“vfdf k6s k6s cfgf] (Stye) cfpg], cf“vf ;'Vvf x'g] (Dry Eye), l56f]–l56f r:dfsf] kfj/ kl/jt{g x'g], df]ltljGb l56f] b]vf kg]{ hnljGb'sf] ;Defjgf al9 x'g] nufot cf“vfsf] kbf{ (Reitna) df ulDe/c;/ kfb{5 . h'nfO{ (Diabetic Retinopathy) elgG5 . of] cf“vfdf x'g] Ps hl6n ;d:of xf] h;n] cGTodf dflg;nfO{ cGwf] g} agfOlbG5 . Ps tYof+s cg';f/ ;+;f/df !@ k|ltzt cGwf]kg oxL Diabetic Retinopathy sf] sf/0fn] x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
Diabetic Retinopathy n] d'VotM cf“vfsf] kbf{sf] /Qm;+rf/df k|efj kfb{5 . dw'd]xsf] /fd|f] lgoGq0f gx'[bf Un'sf]h (Glucose) sf] dfqf a9\g' uO{ /]l6gfsf /Qms]lzsfx¿ (Capillaries) df k|lts'n c;/ kb{5 . o;n] ubf{ /utaf6 kfgL tyf lrNnf] kbfy{ (Fat) aflx/ lg:sG5 / /]l6gfsf] s]Gb| efudf ;'hg (Macular Oedema) eO{ b[li6 sdhf]/ x'G5 . ;fy} /]l6gfsf /Qmgzfx? sdhf]/ eP/ km'6\g uPdf /Qm>fj (Retinal Hemorrhage) x'G5 . olb ;dod} pkrf/ gePdf gof“ /Qms]lzsfx¿sf] ljsf; eO{ cTolws /Qm>fj x'g] tyf cGTodf kbf{ kmf6\g uO{ b[li6 ;bfsf nflu u'Dg ;S5 .
Diatetic Retinopathy sf] ;d:of s]xL ;do kl5 dw'd]xsf k|foM ;a} /f]uLx¿df b]vf kb{5 . ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7g (WHO) sf] cg';f/ s'n dw'd]xsf lj/fdL dWo] #%=*∞ JolQmnfO{ 8fPj]l6s /]6Lgf]k]yL ePsf] b]vfO{Psf] 5 . ljsl;t b]zx¿df t of] cGwf]kg u/fpg] k|d'v sf/0fsf] ?kdf b]lvPsf] 5 eg] ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'sdf ;d]t rf}yf] :yfgdf b]vf k/]sf] 5 . g]kfndf klg of] ;d:of x/]s jif{ a9L /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . o;sf] k|d'v sf/0f a9\bf] zx/Ls/0f, hLjg z}nLdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g tyf :jf:Yo lzIffsf] sdL /x]sf 5g\ .
>F]t M ltnu+uf cf“vf k|lt:yfg
>ldsx¿ Gofosf] vf]hLdf
sf7df8f}+ ÷ slknj:t' lhNnfaf6 k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ Toxf+sf] dxfnIdL ;'u/ldn :jtGq dhb'/ o'lgogsf cWoIf hubDaf k|;fb rf}w/L ;lxt cGo rf/ hgf dhb'/nfO{ klg ;+rfns ;ldltn] cjsfz lbPsfn] ldn ;+rfns ;ldlt lj?4 dhb'/x¿n] . cbfntdf ph'/L lbPsf 5g\ . Toxf“ >ldsx¿n] cfGbf]ng u/]sfn] tLg ;ftfb]lv ;'u/ ldn g} aGb ePsf] 5 . ldn ;~rfngdf Nofpg k|of; e}/x]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 .
xft wg' xf];\, d[To' b/ 36fpg' xf];\
tkfO{“ efG;fdf l5g'{ eof] vfgf ksfpg jf vfgf vfg, Ps k6s ;Demg' xf];\ tkfO{“n] ;fa'g kfgLn] xft w'g la;{g' eof] ls < Tolt dfq xf]Og, cfkm\gf gfgLx¿nfO{ vfgf v'jfpg nfUg' ePsf] 5 jf :ofxf/ ;';f/ ug]{tkm{ nfUg' ePsf] 5 eg] klg ;Demg' xf];\ …d}n] ;fa'g kfgLn] xft wf]P“ ls wf]O“g <Ú lsgsL xftsf] kmf]xf]/ ;+qmd0faf6 nfUg] /f]un] jif]{gL nfvf}+ afnaflnsfsf] d[To' x'g] u/]sf] 5 . tL dWo] w]/}h;f] d'n'ssf clwsf+z % jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsfx? kb{5g\ .
ut c;:tdf :6sxf]ddf ePsf] ljZj kfgL ;Ktfxn] u/]sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ cGt/f{li6«o ;/;kmfO jif{ @))* sf] ;Gbe{ kf/]/ cS6f]j/ !% df klxnf] k6s ljZj xftw'g] lbj; dgfOof] . of] lbj; ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3nufot cGo ;+:yfn] ljZje/ dgfPsf 5g\ .
ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gsf] tYof+s cg';f/ ljZjdf jif]{gL emf8fkvfnfn] !% nfv dflg;sf] d[To' x'g] u/]sf] 5 . olb ;fa'g kfgLn] xft w'g] afgL a;fng] xf] eg] o; b/nfO{ $$ k|ltzt sd ug{ ;lsg] p;sf] cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5 .
…plrt tl/sfn] xft w'jfO, /f]uJoflwsf] b'xfO{Ú gf/f /x]sf] ljZj xft w'g] lbj; o'lg;]km nufot ;/;kmfOsf] If]qdf sfo{/t ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfn] g]kfndf klg ljljw sfo{qmdsf ;fy dgfPsf 5g\ . o'lg;]km g]kfnsL ;~rf/ clws[t zf]ef clsf/Lsf cg';f/ g]kfndf x/]s jif{ sl/j !# xhf/ afnaflnsfsf] emf8f kvfnfn] / lgdf]lgofn] Hofg hfg] u/]sf] 5 . …;/;kmfOdf Wofg lbg] xf] eg] of] ;+Vof w]/} 36fpg ;lsG5 .Ú
Oltxf;d} e|i6 ;/sf/
wgu9L ÷ dw];L hgflwsf/ kmf]/dsf cWoIf pk]Gb| ofbjn] jt{dfg ;/sf/nfO{ clxn];Dds} ;a}eGbf e|i6 / p208x¿sf] hdftsf] ;+1f lbPsf 5g\ .
wgu9Ldf cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf ofbjn] ;/sf/ zflGt ;'/Iff sfod ug{ / dx+uL sd ug{ ;d]t k"0f{¿kdf c;kmn ePsf] bfjL u/] .
;/sf/n] NofPsf] ljz]if ;'/Iff of]hgfnfO{ dw];L ;kmfof cleofgsf] ;+1f lb“b} kmf]/d cWoIf ofbjn] lgxTyf / kqmfp u/]/ y'gfdf /fv]sf dw];LnfO{ d'7e]8sf gfddf ;/sf/n] dfl//x]sf] cf/f]k nufP .
pgn] ljutsf] ;/sf/df /Iff dGqfnodf lnP/ sf+u|]; / dfcf]jfbLaLr ;xdlt x'g g;s]s} sf/0f d'n'sdf /fhgLlts cl:y/tf z'¿ ePsf] bfjL u/] .
;dj]bgf
ck{0f ;fKtflxssf z'elrGtsx¿ >L /fds[i0f gflkt, >L Zofds[i0f gflkt, dw's[i0f gflkt / >LdtL ejfgLb]jL gflktsf k"Holgo dftf tyf o; klqsfsf Joj:yfs >L slj/ gflktsf xh'/ cfdf jif{ *& sL >fLdtL lx/fb]jL gflktsf] ut ;ftf jL/ c:ktfndf c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df ulx/f] b'Mv k|s6 ub}{ lbj+ut cfTdfsf] lr/ zflGtsf] sfdgf ub{5f}+ . ;fy} o; b'Mvb\ 38Ldf w}o{ wf/0f ug]{ zlQm O{Zj/n] k|bfg u?g\ eGb} zf]sfs"n ;d:t kl/jf/hgdf xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .
d~h' /Tg zfSo ;efklt, g]kfn kqsf/ ;+3 tyf kl/jf/
ljsf;s} nflu /fhwfgL ;fg'{ cfjZos
uf]/vfsf /fhf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] lj=;+= !*@% df /fHo lj:tf/sf qmddf sf7df8f}= pkTosfdf ljho xfl;n u/]kl5 sf7df8f}+nfO{ g} PsLs[t g]kfnsf] /fhwfgL 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP . /0faxfb'/ zfxsf] kfnfdf s]xL;do g'jfsf]6af6 ;d]t /fhwfgLsf] ?kdf k|zf;lgs sfd rnfOof] . uf]/vf /fHosf] lj:tf/ ug]{ qmddf :yflkt 7"nf] e"efusf] k|zf;lgs lgoGq0f pkTosf /x]sf] :yn sf7df8f}+af6 ubf{ pko'Qm x'G5 eGg] 7fg]/ of] :ynnfO{ zfxj+zLo ub}{ cfP . sf7df8f}+n] /fHo lj:tf/sf qmddf ;fdl/s / ef}uf]lns ?kdf g} dxTj /fVbYof] . cUnfcuNnf kxf8 / eGHofªsf aLrdf /x]sf] sf7df8f}= jftfj/0fLo lx;fjn] ;d]t pko'Qm 7fp“ lyof] . aLrsf] ;dy/ e"efu, pAhgLo'Qm hUuf / Tolta]nfsf] Jofkfl/s s]Gb|sf lx;fan] klg sf7df8f}+ pkTosf /fhwfgL x'gsf nflu nfos lyof] .
;dosf] kl5Nnf] r/0fdf /fhwfgL sf7df8f}+sf] lg/Gt/tfdf g} k|Zgx¿ p7\g yfn]sf 5g\ . hDdf ^$@ ju{lsld If]qkmndf km}lnPsf] of] pkTosf a9\bf] hg;+Vof, 3gf a:tL, cJojl:yt ;x/Ls/0f, kmf]xf]/d}nf, 9n ty vfg]kfgLsf] ;d:of cflb h:tf ;d:ofn] cfqmfGt 5 . To;}n] /fhwfgL sf7df8f}+ ;fg]{ ax; dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf] ;dodf klg p7\g] ub{Yof] . To; ;do cgf}krfl/s ?kdf dfcf]jfbLn] /fhwfgL lrtjg ;fg]{ ljrf/ /fVg] ub{Yof] . t/, u0ftGq 3f]if0ff kZrft\ of] ax; 3gLe"t ?kdf p7\g yfn]sf] 5 . ;f]xL qmddf xfn} dfcf]jfbLsf g]tf 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{n] /fhwfgL ;fg'{kg]{ egfO{ /fv]kZrft\ o;n] /fhgLlts j[Qdf yk ax;sf] yfngL u/]sf] 5 .
s'g} cd"s /fi6«df cfGbf]ng kZrft\ /fhwfgL ;fg]{ ul/psf] pbfx/0f w/} 5g\ . h:t} M a|flhn, e'6fg, blIf0f clk|msf cflb . blIf0f clk|msfdf t tLgj6f /fhwfgL /x]sf 5g\ . sfo{kflnsf /fhwfgL lk|6f]l/of ;x/df 5 eg] s]k6fpgdf ;+;bLo /fhwfgL /x]sf] 5 . Toxf“sf] Gofokflnsfsf] /fhwfgL eg] An'dkmf]g l6PgnfO{ agfOPsf] 5 . blIf0f Pl;ofdf g} PseGbf a9L /fhwfgL ePsf b]zx¿ e]l6G5g\ . kfls:tfgsf] O:nfdfjfb k|zf;lgs /fhwfgL xf] eg] xfnf]/ ;x/nfO{ /fhgLlts /fhwfgL dfGg] rng 5 . s/f“rLnfO{ Jofkfl/s /fhwfgL eGg] ul/G5 . ;fs{s} csf]{ d'n's e'6fgsf] /fhwfgL lyDk" ;g\ ^) sf] bzdf dfq ;fl/Psf] xf] . ef/td} klg gof“lbNnL k|zf;lgs / /fhgLlts /fhwfgL xf] eg] d'DaO{ cfly{s sf/f]jf/sf] /fhwfgL xf] . /fhwfgL 7"nf] ;x/df /xg'kb{5 eGg] s]xL 5}g . cd]l/sfsf] 7"nf] ;x/ Go"of]s{ xf], t/ /fhwfgL eg] jfl;+u6g 8L;Ldf /x]sf] 5 . cd]l/sfdf :jtGqtfsf] 3f]if0ffkZrft\ /fhwfgL lkmnf8]lNkmofnfO{ agfOof] . To;kZrft\ Go"of]s{ / xfn jfl;+u6g 8L;Ldf cfOk'u]sf] 5 .
sf7df8f}+nfO{ g} gof“ ;+3Lo g]kfnsf] klg /fhwfgLdf lg/Gt/tf lb“bf o;n] ca ylkg] hg;+Vofsf] rfk y]Ug ;Sb}g . lsgls, yk a:tL lj:tf/sf] :yfg ;f¥x} sd /x]sf], ;dy/ e"efu af“sL g/x]sf], kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg ug{ sl7gf{ kg]{ ;d:of x'g]5 . o:tf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] Ps dfq pkfo /fhwfgL t/fO{sf] 7"nf] ;dy/ e"efusf] :yfgdf ;f/L sf7df8f}+nfO{ k|b]zsf] k|zf;lgs PsfOsf] ?kdf :yflkt ug{ ;lsG5 . To;f] x'“bf jg/fhwfgLdf klg ljsf;sf] dfu{ k|z:t x'g] / yk :yfgdf ;x/Lx/0fsf] lj:tf/ x'g] lyof] .
– cd[tf vgfn
s08dsf] ljsNk
– pd]z cf]emf
;f+:s[lts, cfly{s / ;fdflhs sf/0fn] dlxnfx¿ PrcfO{eLaf6 a9L ;+qmldt x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . of}g ;Dks{ ubf{ ;'/Iffsf] lg0f{o clwst/ k'?ifn] g} ub{5g\ . s08d nufpg] jf gnufpg] lg0f{odf dlxnfsf] hf]/ sd rNg] ePsfn] clk|msf / blIf0f Pl;ofdf PrcfO{eL÷P8\; Ps 7"nf] ;d:of ag]sf] 5 . cd]l/sfsf] o'6fx ljZjljBfnosf j}1flgsx¿n] ljsl;t u/]sf] Ps …h]nÚ n] ca dlxnfx¿nfO{ PrcfO{eLaf6 arfpg] 7"nf] ;Defjgf b]vfPsf] 5 . k'?ifsf] OR5fTds lg0f{odf o; h]nn] s'g} c;/ kg]{ 5}g .
;Def]u klxn] dlxnfn] of]gLleq o; h]nnfO{ nufpg' kg]{5 . h]n jLo{sf] ;Dks{df cfP/ c4{ 7f]; aGb5 / P8\;sf efO/;x¿ n]l;nf] h]ndf 6f“l;g k'U5g\ . dlxnfnfO{ PrcfO{eL ;+qmd0faf6 hf]ufpg klxnf] hl6n abd xf]– jLo{af6 of]gLsf tGg'x¿df efO/;nfO{ k'Ugaf6 /f]Sg' . o'6fOx sn]h ckm OlGhlgol/ªdf afof]OlGhlgol/ªsf ;x k|fWofks Kofl6«s s}h/sf] cfkm\gf] zf]wsf] af/]df k|ltlqmof 5– xfdL klxnf] r/0fnfO{ /f]Sg rfxG5f}+, P8\; eFO/;sf] ultljlw /f]Sg ;Sg] klxnf] of]gL h]n xfdLn] agfPsf 5f}+ . cfkm\gf] ;Def]u ;xsdL{sf] ;xdlt ljgf g} dlxnfn] cfkm\gf] ;'/Iff ug{ ;Sg] k|ljlw ljsf; u/]sf] egfO{ pgLx¿sf] 5 . s}h/ eG5g\– clk|msfsf] ;a ;xf/f IF]q / blIf0f Pl;ofsf] Ps pd]/ ;d"xsf ^) k|ltzteGbf a9L dlxnf PrcfO{eLaf6 ;+qmldt eO;s], oL If]qdf cfkm\gf] of}g ;fyLnfO{ dlxnfn] s08d nfpg afWo ug{ ;Sb}gg\ .
gof“ h]nn] PrcfO{eLnfO{ s;/L cfkm\gf] kmGbfdf kf5{ eGg] af/]df ul/Psf] cWoogsf] P8\efG; kmª\;gn d]6]l/on hg{ndf lbOPsf] 5 . zf]wstf{x¿n] ljsf; u/]sf] of]gLdf nufpg] h]n ;Def]u ug'{ s]xL 3Gbf klxnf] k|of]u ug'{ kg]{ hfgsf/L lb“b} zf]w 6f]nL ;b:o h'nL h] elG5g\– o;n] jLo{sf] pkl:ylt kQf nufO{ of]gLsf tGt'x¿ / PrcfO{eLaLr ;'/Iff ajr tof/ kf5{ .
s}h/sf] cg'dfg cg';f/ olb ;a} s'/f /fd|f] eof] eg] tL–rf/ jif{df o;sf] k/LIf0f dfG5]df z'¿ ul/g] 5 . ahf/df h]n cfpg yk s]xL jif{ eg] nfUg] 5 . PrcfO{eLnfO{ /f]Sg OG6«fe]hfOgn h]n, l/ª / lkmNdx¿ agfpg] k|of; ;kmn x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . s]xL o:tf ;fwgsf] k/LIf0f clk|msfdf ul/of] t/ PrcfO{eL ;+qmd0f /f]Sg ;lsPg .
;g\ @))^ df s}h/ / pgsf ;fyLx¿n] o:t} vfn] Ps h]n agfPsf lyP . of]gLdf Ps t/nsf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/Pkl5 pQm t/n z/L/sf] tfkn] h]ndf kl/0ft x'g] / jLo{sf] pkl:yltdf k'gM t/n eP/ To;n] PlG6PrcfO{eL cf}iflw aflx/ lgsfNYof] . b'ef{Uon] s]xL PlG6efO/n cf}iflwn] dfq jLo{sf] PrcfO{eLdf cfqmd0f ug{ ;s] / clk|msfdf jfo'sf] pRr tfkn] h]nnfO{ t/n aGg lbPg t/ gof“ …df]lnSo'n/ s08d/Ún] eg] ;f]r]sf] h:tf] sfd u/]sf] 5 . kl5Nnf] h]n h:t} u/L oL h]nn] of]gLdf jLo{sf] k|j]zaf6 pTkGg x'g] cDnLo jf Iff/Lo cj:yf cg'?k cfkm"nfO{ 9fN5 t/ kl5Nnf] h]n ;/x Iff/Lotf a9\bf gof“ h]n t/n geP/ c45{ 7f]; /xG5 . o; h]nn] cGo efO/; . z'qmf0f'nfO{ klg /f]Sg] ePsfn] ≈o'Dofg k]lkNnf]df efO/; -PrkLeL_ sf] ;+qmd0faf6 klg hf]ufpg] 5 .
t/fO{ / kxf8df jg ljgfzsf 36gfx¿ tLj|
sf7df8f}+ ÷ t/fO{ / kxf8df klg jgh+un df;]/ sf7rf]/L lgsf;L ug]{ sfo{ tLj| ePsfn] g]kfnsf] h+un ;vfk x'“b} uPsf] 5 . t/fO{lt/af6 t g]kfnsf jgh+unaf6 ef/tlt/ sf7 t:s/L ug]{ / To:tf] sfo{df k|x/L ;d]tsf] ldnf]dtf] x'+bf jgh+un ljgfzdf tLj|tf cfPsf] xf] . æxl/of] jg g]kfnsf] wgÆ eGg] pvfg ca pvfg dfq ePsf] 5 . kxf8L lhNnfdf klg ;fd'bflos gd"gf jg df;]/ ;8s lgdf{0f ug]{ / t:s/L ug]{ u/]sfn] kxf8df klg jg h+un tLj| ?kdf gfz e}/x]sf] 5 .
sfnf]df];f]
nxfg ÷ dft[sf ofbjn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf sfo{stf{n] dfnkf]t sfof{no nxfgsf Ps sd{rf/LnfO{ sfnf]df];f] bn]sf 5g\ .
kf6L{sf e|ft[ ;+u7g dw];L /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfnsf sfo{stf{x¿n] dfnkf]t sfof{no nxfgsf n]vfkfn uf]ljGb yfkfnfO{ sfo{sIfd} sfnf]df];f] bn]sf] nxfg k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 .
nxfgsf k|x/L lg/LIfs ljkLg /]UdLsf cg';f/ sfnf]df];f] bNg] JolQm km/f/ eP klg pgnfO{ vf]Hg] sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 .
otf, dw];L /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfnsf sfo{stf{x¿n] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] k"j{3f]lift sfo{qmd cg';f/ n]vfkfn yfkfnfO{ sfnf]df];f] bn]sf] df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo g]tfn] 6]lnkmf]g dfkm{t atfP .
of] c;kmntf geP s] xf] t
– :joDe'gfy sfsL{
d'n's @)^# ;fnsf] z'?b]vL xfn;Dd ;+qmd0fsfnsf] sfn/fqLdf 5 . /fhfn] @)^@ ;fn df3 !( ut] tyfslyt s" u/]/ zf;gsf] afu8f]/ xftdf ln+bf tLg aif{sf d'n'sdf zflGt :yfkgf u/]/ ax'blno k|hftGq ;lxt d'n'ssf] zf;g afu8f]/ k'gM bnx?sf] xftdf ;'Dkg] sjf]n u/]sf lyP . To; s'/fsf] ljZSf; ug{ bnx? t}of/ ePgg\ . g]kfndf To; avt;Dd k|of]u ePsf ;a} lsl;dsf zf;g k|0ffnL unt x'g / To;nfO{ x6fP/ ;fDojfbL zf;g Aoa:yfsf] z'qkft ug'{ kb{5 eGg] :ki6 / cl8u wf/0ffsf;fy ;z:q ;+3if{/t bnsf] ;fyn] d'n'sdf lbuf] ax'blno k|hftGqsf] hu a:5 eGg] lgSof}ndf bnx? dfq geP/ d'n'ssf sxlnPsf a'l4hLlj, plgx?sf ljb]zL ldq zlQm tyf ;+rf/ hut klg k'u] .
;z:q ;+3if{/t bn dfcf]jfbLn] cflwsf/Ls ?kdf cfkm\gf] cfGbf]ngsf] k|f/Deb]lv clxn];Dd s'g} klg j]nf cfk'mn] ;|3if{ z'? ubf{sf] wf/0ff jf sf/0f kl/jt{g ePsf] pb\3f]if u/]sf] 5}g . p cfkm\gf] ;+3if{sf] nIfaf6 Ps /lQ klg ljrlnt ePsf] 5}g . /0flgltdf s]xL kl/jt{g dfq u/]sf] / nIfaf6 ljd'v gePsf] p;sf] xd]zfsf] egfO{ 5 . t/ bn nufotsf lxhf]sf cfGbf]ng/t zlQmx? To;nfO{ klg ljZjf; ug{ t}of/ 5}gg\ . plgx?sf] ;f]rfO{df dfcf]jfbLn] :jo+;]jf u/]/ /fhfjf6 ;Qf vf];]/ bnx?sf] kf]N6fdf xflnlbPsf x'g / ca dfcf]jfbLx?n] r'krfk bnx?sf x/]s sbdsf] ;dy{g ug'{ kb{5 clg To;df ;fy lbg' kb{5 .
;Qfsf] u'lnof] rf6\g kfO{/x'Gh]n r'krfk /xg] / s';L{af6 x6\g] ljlQs} slxn] Uo|f08 l8hfog b]Vg], slxn] lzz' k|hftGq pk/ vt/f b]Vg] g]t[Tjsf] cf+vf lrDn]/ / O{Zj/Lo cf:yf e}m ljgf s'g} z+sf ljZj; ug]{ hdftn] ubf{ g} d'n'sn] cfhsf] cGtlxg ;qmd0fsfnsf] sfn/fqL ef]Ug' k/]sf] xf] . @))& ;fndf g]kfndf sfod ePsf] Joa:yfsf] gfd k|hftGq elgPsf] lyof] . @)!% ;fndf To;sf] gfd ;+;lbo k|hftGq eof] eg] @)!& ;fndf lgb{lno k~rfotL k|hftGq eof] . To;nfO{ x6fP/ @)$& df cfPsf] Joa:yf eg] ax'blno k|hftGq lyof] . To; kl5 eg] g]kfnL g]tfx?nfO{ k|hftGq zJb;+u lr9 eof] / @)^# ;fndf nf]stGq sfod ul/of] . t/ x/]s k|hftGq jf nf]stGqdf hgtfn] kfn} kfnf] u/]/ cfk'mdfyL zf;g ug]{ plx cg'xf/ jf bnx? kfP .
cem nf]stGqdf t hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}ldstfsf] gfddf hgtfsf] o:tf] x'd{t sfl9b} 5 ls p;sf] s'g} dlh{ g} rNb}g . 7"nf elgPsf tLg bn / p;n] efp lbPsf s]xL cGo bnsf cf}nfdf uGg ;lsg] g]tfx? larsf] ;xdtL g} /fli6«o ;xdtL x'G5 . cfkm\gf] g]tf sf] x'g] eGg] s'/fsf] lgldQ hgtf ltg} lug]r'g]sf g]tfx?n] u/]sf] lg0fo{df e/ kg{ afWo 5g . lgjf{rgsf] gf6s eg] caZo ePsf] 5 t/ zf;g ug]{ JolQmsf] rog eg] lgjf{rgsf] kl/0fddf e/ kb}{g . d'n'sdf cGtl/d eg] klg ;+ljwfg t 5 t/To;sf] kfng ug{ ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf dfq jfWo 5 . To;nfO{ gdfGg] clwsf/ ;j{;fwf/0f afx]s ;a}nfO{ 5 . cem st} 7"n} k|Zg v8f ePdf ef]hsf] ;'rL kl/jt{g u/] eGbf ;lhn} To;nfO{ cfk'm cg's'n ;+;f]wg ug{ kfO{G5 .
hgtfn] vfO{ gvfO{ u/]/ lt/]sf] /fhZjaf6 dlxgfsf] cfwf nfv eGbf a9L k};f lbP/ cfkm\gf] lgldQ pHhn elaiosf] vfsf sf]g{ tL; aL; eGbf Hofbf dfG5] klnPsf 5g . t/ cfkm\gf] sfd 5f]8]/ hgtfn] ltlgx?nfO{ va/bf/L u/L /xg' kg]{ s'/f ltg} sf d'lvof nfh} gdfgL ub{5g . s] a'l4hLlj, s] g]tf, s] kqsf/ ;a} ;dodf ;+ljwfg ag]/ hgtfn] r}gsf ;f; k]mg{ kfpg] s'/f ;+ej gePsf] alnof] ts{ cuf8L ;f5{g / k]m/L z/d krfP/ ;dodf ;+ljwfg ag]/ ;'v r}g sfod x'G5 eGg] s'/fdf hgtfnfO{ z+sf gug{ cfb]z lbG5g .
/f0ff zf;gsfndf ;a} sfd /fhfsf] gfdaf6 ul/GYof] t/ /fhf Toltv]/ lgl/x lyP . nf]stGqdf ;a} sfd hgtfsf] gfddf ul/G5, t/ hgtf eg] lgl/x 5g . cfGbf]ng, aGb jf x8tfnn] ;a} eGbf lkg]{ eg]sf] b}lgs sdfP/ 5fs 6fg]{ hgtf xf] . hgtfsf] ;jf]{Rrtfsf] lgldQ ul/Psf] elgPsf] cfGbf]ngsf s]xL sbd lkmtf{ eP, Tof] ;j{;fwf/0f g]kfnL hgtfsf] si6nfO{ ljrf/ u/]/ geO{ ljb]zL s'6g}ltsx?sf] cfu|x / plgx?sf] c;'ljwfnfO{ Wogfdf /fv]/ eof] . of] s'/f :jo+ cfGbf]ng/t bnsf] cflwsf/Ls egfO{ xf] .
@)%@ ;fnaf6 z'? ePsf] ;z:q o"4n] lklN;Psf hgtfsf] rfxfgf eg]sf] zflGt lyof] / xf] . slxn] ;dfKt gx'g] ;+qmd0fsfn gfds sfn/fqL gt hgtfsf] rfxfgf xf] g hgtfsf] k|oTg g} xf] . of] t s]jn 5f]/LnfO{ bfO{hf]df d'n's kmf;}{ /flhgfdf ug]{ dxfg g]tfsf] ;'ljwf xf], s/f]8f}+ d"Nosf uf8Lx?sf] tf+tLdf si6;fy -<_ ;j{xf/f hgtfsf] lrGtf ug]{ bnsf] ;lhnf] xf] . ;fgf] eP klg s'g} e'v08df dgf]dgL;+u /fhug{ rfxfg] hdftx?sf] cfb{z xf] . g]kfnnLsf] b'vM si6sf] k|ltj]bg jgfP/ k};f sdfpg] 8n/] a'l4hLljx?sf] dnhn xf] .
olb of] s'/f unt nfu]df ltlgx?n] hjfkm lbpg of] plgx?sf] ;f]r, wf/0f / sfo{lgltsf] c;kmntf xf] . plgx?n] ;dft]sf] unt af6f]sf] kl/0ffd xf] . xf]O{g, of] ;kmntf xf] eg] bf]]>f] hgcfGbf]ng hgtfsf] lgldQ geO{ plgx?sf] olx lglxt :jfy{sf] lgldQ ePsf] lyof] . /fhtGqsf] c;kmntf hgtfn] pGgfO{; dlxgf dfq y]Ug ;Sof] . of] c;kmtf klg hgtfn] ca w]/} y]Ug ;Sb}g . To;sf] kl/0ffd :j?k cfpg nfu]sf] csf}{ cfGbf]ngn] ;+ejt cj bn, tyfslyt gful/s ;dfh / 8n/] a'l4hLljx? a9fg]{ 5 . of] s'g} cfJxfg jf pb\wf]if xf]O{g, s]jn kl/l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f dfq xf] .
ce}m df}sf lgld6\ofGg eg] eO{ ;s]sf] 5}g , k|ltj4tf xf]O{g sfdd} ePsf] untL ;'wf/]/ ;lx af6f] ;dft]df ;+ejt ef]nLsf] cfGbf]ng / To;n] Nofpg] cf“wL a]x/L yfldG5 ls < gq eg] @)^#sf] cGbf]ng / To; kl5sf] r'gfjdf bnx? geO{ ;fDojfbn] ;kmntf kfPsf] xf] To;}nfO{ ;Qf ;'Dk]/ cfk'm ;Gof; lng' k¥of] gq eg] lxhf] s;}sf s'/f gkTofo/ e"n ul/P5 eg]/ cfkm\gf] c;kmtf l:jsf/ ug'{ k¥of] / Tof] e"n;'wf/ ug'{ k¥of] . of] b"O{ afx]s clxn] xfnLd'xnL rnfog]x? ;+u csf]{ lasNk b]lvb}g .
g]kfnL cfsfzdf pNsf jiff{
sf7df8f}+ ÷ a'waf/ g]kfnL cfsfzsf pNsf jiff{sf] /f]df~rs b[Zo b]lvof] . lnof]gfO8 gfds k'R5«] tf/fn] 5f8]sf w"nf] / lk08x¿ k[YjLsf] kl/qmdfkydf glhs k'u]kl5 k[YjLsf] u'?Tjfsif{0fsf sf/0f k[YjLtkm{ tflgg hf“bf ;f] pNsf jiff{ ePsf] vuf]nljb\x?n] atfPsf 5g\ .
;f] lbg laxfg #M)) ah] sl/j Ps 306fsf] cjlwdf o:tf Ps 306fsf] cjlwdf o:tf Ps ;o j6f pNsf jiff{ ePsf] vuf]nljb\ hoGt cfrfo{n] atfpg' eof] .
g]kfnL af]nLrfnLdf pNsf jiff{nfO{ pnsfkft tyf tf/f kf]On uPsf] eg]/ eGg] rng 5 . wfld{s ?kdf o:tf] pNsf jiff{sf 36gfnfO{ cz'e 36gfsf ?kdf lng] ul/G5 . j}1flgs b[li6sf]0faf6 x]g]{ xf] eg] pNsf jiff{ x'g' Pp6f ;fdfgo 36gf xf] . ;fwf/0f dflg;sf nflu eg] of] Pp6f /dfOnf] vuf]nLo 36gf xf] .
pNsf jiff{ ePsf] x]g{ s'g} 6]ln:sf]k, pks/0f jf r:dfsf] cfjZostf k/]g . 3/sf] 5t, sf]7faf6 v'nf cfsfz lgofNbf x]g{ kfOof] .
g]kfnL / c+u|]hL s'g} efiffdf gful/stf
sf7df8f}+ ÷ ;/sf/n] g]kfnL / c+u|]hL efiff b'j} ePsf] gful/stf ljt/0f ug{ z'¿ u/]sf] 5 . ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfnod cfof]lht kqsf/ e]63f6 sfo{qmddf u[x dGqfnosf pk;lrj k|Nxfb kf]v/]nn] ;/sf/L gLlt cg'?k d+l;/ ! ut]b]lv &% lhNnfd} b'j} efiff ePsf] gful/stf ljt/0f ug{ z'¿ ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . g]kfn gful/stf lgodfjnLsf] cg';"rLdf x]/km]/ ub}{ s]xL c+u|]hL ljj/0f /flvPsf] gful/stfsf] cfsf/ klg klxnf]sf] eGbf 7"nf] 5 . gof“ 9f“rfsf] gful/stfsf] Psftkm{ /x]sf] gfd, :yfoL 7]ufgf, hGdldlt c+u|]hL efiffdf /x]sf] 5 .
k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nosf k|jQmf zf/bf k|;fb lqtfnn] :jb]z jf ljb]z e|d0faf6 kms]{/ cfPkl5 dGqL, ;lrjn] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ k|ltj]bg a'emfpg' kg]{ elgP klg w]/} sdn] dfq k|ltj]bg a'emfPsf] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . pxf“n] o;sf nflu d'Vo ;lrjsf] cWoIftfdf cg'udg ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] / sfd x'“b} u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] .
hUuf vl/b–laqmLdf /f]s
;f]n'v'Da' ÷ ;f]n'v'Da'sf] v'Dh'ªdf aflx/af6 cfPsf JolQmnfO{ hUuf vl/b–ljqmLdf /f]s nufOPsf] 5 . aflx/L dflg;sf] hg3gTj a9L ePsf z]kf{ ;+:s[ltdfly cltqmd0f x'g] eGb} Toxf“sf :yfgLojf;Lx¿n] hUuf vl/b–ljqmLdf /f]s nufPsf x'g\ .
v'Dh'ªsf v'Gb]df :yfgLo ;d"xsf] dfq a;f]af; /x]sf] v'Dh'ªsf cfªl5l/ª z]kf{ atfp“5g\ . pgsf cg';f/ h'g;'s} 7fp“df 3/hUuf lsg]/ a:g kfpg] g]kfnsf] clwsf/ eP klg ;f+:s[lts Pj+ wfld{s /Llt–l/jfhnfO{ hLjGt /fVg To:tf] ul/Psf] xf] .
v'Dh'ª ljZjs} ko{6s em'lDdg] :yndf ljsl;t ePsf] 5 . oxf“sf] d'Vo ljz]iftfdf lu|g EofnL / kf}/fl0fs z]kf{ ;+:s[lts k5{ . csf{ :yfgLojf;L t]lGhª6f;L z]kf{n] ;f+:s[lts ko{6g ahf/nfO{ ;'/lIft /fVgsf nflu To:tf] sfo{ ug{ afWo ePsf] atfP .
3/hUuf lsga]rdf k|ltaGw nufpg'nfO{ hftLo Psflwsf/ :yflkt ug{ vf]h]sf] klg s]xL :yfgLojf;Ln] atfPsf 5g\ . v'Dh'ªdf j;]{lg ko{6ssf] rfk alx/x] klg vDh'ªsf] z]kf{ ;+:s[ltnfO{ s'g} c;/ gkf/]sf] :yfgLo jfl;Gbf atfp“5g\ . v'Dh'ª / v'Gb]df sl/j ;f“9 tLg ;o 3/w'/L z]kf{ ;d'bfosf] a;f]af; 5 .
kz'kltsf] e]6Ldf e|i6frf/
sf7df8f}+ ÷ nfvf}+ ?k}of“sf] e]6L r9\g] kz'kltgfysf] dlGb/df jif{ e/Lsf] e]6L/sd *) xhf/ dfq hDdf ePsf] b]vfOPsf] 5 . eQmhgx¿n] r9fPsf] /sd Toxf“sf k'hf/L e§ / e08f/Lx¿n] lxgfldgf ug]{ u/]sf] cfjfh pl7/x]sf] anf hDdf ePsf] ;f] /sd ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] xf] .
cem cgf}7f] t s] 5 eg] ljz]if k'hfaf6 s§f ul/Psf] Ps k|ltzt /sd @ nfv *^ xhf/ ?k}of“ dfq bflvnf ul/Psf] 5 .
o;/L jif{e/LdfhDdf ePsf] tLg nfv ^& xhf/ ?k}of“sf] ;'g vl/b u/L kz'kltgfysf] d'n 9's'6Ldf hDdf ul/Psf] 5 .
kz'kltgfydf jif]{gL nfvf}+ ?k}of“sf] e]6L r9\g] u/] klg Tof] d'n 9's'6Ldf hDdf gu/L lxgfldgf ub}{ cfPsf] cf/f]k 5 .
