Pstfa4 dxflwj]zgsf nflu bafa

-cfufdL kmfu'g %–!) ;Dd a'6jndf x'g uO/x]sf] g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] cf7f}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zgnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ xfdLn] lhNnf tx;Ddsf cu'jf g]tf–sfo{stf{x¿sf ;'emfjx¿ k|sflzt ug{ ;'? u/]sf 5f}“ . o; cª\sdf pkTosfdf /x]sf g]skf -Pdfn]_sf lhDd]jf/ g]tf–sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ xfdLn] tLgj6f k|Zg ;f]w]sf lyof}“ M != kf6L{n] cl3 ;f/]sf] ;}4flGts, ;fª\u7lgs / sfo{z}nLut k'gMu7gsf] d'2fnfO{ tkfO{+n] s;/L lng'ePsf] 5 < @= g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] dfu{bz{s l;4fGtsf ¿kdf /x]sf] hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfbnfO{ cem ;d[4 agfpg s] ug'{k5{ < / #= dxflwj]zgnfO{ Pstfa4 ¿kdf ;DkGg ug{ s] ug'{k5{ < o; k[i7sf] ;+of]hg ;xsdL{ eb| zdf{n] ug'{ePsf] xf] ._

hah g} g]kfnL dfS;{jfb xf]– /fh]Gb| uf}td, ;lrj, sf];L

) xfdLn] k|:6 a'em]sf 5f}“, Pp6f ;xL ljrf/, b[li6sf]0f / p2]Zo ePsf] zlQmzfnL kf6L{sf] lgdf{0flagf qmflGt / kl/jt{g ;Dej 5}g . To;sf lglDt ;xL sfo{lbzf, gLlt / l;4fGt clgjfo{ 5 . To;}sf cfwf/df dfq hgJofkL / zlQmzfnL kf6L{sf] lgdf{0f ;Dej 5 . g]skfsf] :yfkgf x'“bf ;dfh h'g j:t'ut w/ftndf lyof], @)^@÷^# ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngn] To;nfO{ abn]sf] 5 . g]kfnL ;dfhdf /x]sf ju{x¿sf] l:ylt / e"ldsfdf ;d]t kl/jt{g cfPsf] cj:yf 5 . /fhtGqsf] cGTon] To;sf] clw;+/rgfdf kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . To;sf] g]t[Tj lj3l6t ePsf] 5, ;fdGtL pTkfbg k4lt / ;DaGw lj36gsf] ;“3f/df 5 . of] kl/jt{gn] g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ ;fdflhs–cfly{s If]qdf ;d]t Jofks ¿kfGt/0f ug]{ ;Defjgf k}bf ePsf 5g\ . gof“ ;+ljwfg agfpg], qmflGtsf/L e"ld;'wf/ ug]{, ;fdflhs e]befjx¿sf] cGTo ug]{, /fHosf] k'gM;+/rgf ug]{ / d'n'snfO{ cfly{s qmflGttkm{ cufl8 a9fpg] ;Defjgf k|r'/ dfqfdf 5g\ . cyf{t\, d'n's g} nf]stflGqs k'gMu7gsf] k|lqmofaf6 cufl8 al9/x]sf] cj:yfdf kf6L{sf] k'gMu7gsf] s'/f p7\g' :jfefljs xf], Tof] p7\5 / p7\g'k5{ . t/, k'gMu7gsf] d'2fnfO{ klg g]t[Tjn] cf–cfkm\gf] cg's"ntfdf JofVof / ljZn]if0f u/]sf] s'/f 5fkf dfWodaf6 xfdLn] kl9/x]sf 5f}“ . kf6L{ k'gMu7gsf] JofVofleq /fhgLlts k'gMu7g÷;ª\u7gfTds jf lgb]{zs l;4fGtdf kl/jt{g rfx]sf] xf]Og, cfhsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ hahn] ;Daf]wg rfx]sf] xf] . hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfb h8;"qx¿sf] ;dli6 xf]Og, of] Ps j}1flgs ljrf/ k|0ffnL xf] . j}1flgs l;4fGtsf ¿kdf To;n] hLjg / ;hLj Jojxf/af6 k]|/0ff / an k|fKt u5{ . o;n] jt{dfg ;dosf ;d:ofx¿sf] tDtof/ ;dfwfg k|:t't ub}{g . /, To:tf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg' lg/y{s x'G5, a? t xfdLnfO{ k|:yfgljGb' dfq k|bfg u5{ . jf:tjdf hah To:tf hfb'sf] emf]nf xf]Og, hxf“af6 x/ ;d:ofsf] tDtof/ ;dfwfg r§ lgsfNg ;lsof];\ . a? gof“ P]ltxfl;s kl/l:yltdf p7\g] gof“ / hl6n ;d:ofnfO{ ;}4flGts ;dfwfg clxn]sf] ;}4flGts g]tfx¿n] hahsf] cfwf/df kQf nufpg'k5{ eg]sf] xf] .

) dnfO{ olta]nf sd/]8 Pª\u]N;n] dO{ !*(# df …lkm/fuf]Ú gfds cvaf/df lbPsf] Pp6f cGtjf{tf{sf] ;fgf] c+zsf] ;Demgf cfof] . dfS;{jfb clGtd, zf:jt ;Tox¿sf] Joj:yf xf]Og / To;n] ;a} ;d:ofx¿sf] clGtd ;dfwfg k|:t't u/]sf] bfaL ub}{g . /, slxNo} u/]sf] klg 5}g . pxf“n] cufl8 eGg'ePsf] 5– …xfdL cgj/t, cljlR5Gg ljsf;sf ;dy{s xf}“ / dfgj hfltsf lglDt s'g} clGtd lgodx¿ th'{df ug]{ xfd|f] O/fbf xf]Og . efjL ;dfhsf] ;ª\u7gsf ljv08gaf/] s'g} tDtof/ ljrf/x¿sf] hxf“;Dd ;DaGw 5, tkfO{+n] xfd|f s[ltx¿df To;sf] ;ª\s]t;Dd klg kfpg' x'g]5}g .Ú o;af6 k|0f x'G5, dfS;{jfb Pp6f lj1fg xf], k"0f{ / ;f“rf] cy{df lj1fg xf] . cyf{t\, of] cgj/t ljsf;sf qmddf /x]sf] x'G5 . hah g} g]kfnL qmflGtsf] lgb]{zs l;4fGt xf] eg] hah g]kfnL kl/j]zsf] dfS;{jfb xf] . ;dfhsf] k|s[lt;“u} o;sf] ljsf; x'“b} hfG5 . ;Rrf lj1fg slxn] klg zfZjt ;Tox¿sf] ;dli6 /x“b}g . a? To;sf] lg/Gt/ ljsf; eO/xG5 . gof“ P]ltxfl;s cg'ejx¿sf] cWoog tyf ;fdfGoLs/0fåf/f, Jojxf/af6 vfl/Psf gof“ ljrf/x¿nfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{ cufl8 a9\g'k5{ . ;dfhsf] ljsf;;“u} To;sf] ljsf; x'“b} hfG5 . ;+;f/ ultzLn 5, Oltxf; rqm 3'Db} cl3 a9\5, dfgjLo 1fgx¿ emg\emg\ a9L kl/k"0f{, ;d[4 tyf ljljwtfo'Qm x'“b} hfG5 . To;sf/0f qmflGtsf/L l;4fGtn] ;w}“el/ cfkm"nfO{ hLjgdfly, qmflGtsf/L Jojxf/dfly cfwfl/t kfg}{k5{ . hahsf] ;d[l4 / ljsf;sf] cGt/j:t' o;}df cfwfl/t 5 / x'G5 .

) d}n] dfly g} pNn]v u/]sf] 5'– j}rfl/s tyf /fhgLlts k'gMu7gn] rfx]sf] lgb]{zs l;4fGt jf dfu{bz{s l;4fGtdf kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sb}g, rfx]sf] klg xf]Og . t/, cfh p7]sf ;ª\3Lotf, /fHosf] k'gM;+/rgf, ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjh:tf k|Zgx¿ l;4fGtsf k|Zgx¿ x'g\ ls xf]Ogg\, cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngleq oL k|Zgx¿ l;4fGtsf] k|Zg ag] ls ag]gg\ < of] Pp6f uDeL/ ax; / åGåsfnsf] ljifo xf] . t/, oyfy{ s] xf] eg] olta]nf hahn] oL tkl;n k|Zgx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg clgjfo{ ¿kdf ug'{k5{ . To;;DaGwL hahsf] sfo{gLlt / sfo{qmd :ki6 x'g h?/L 5 .

xfdLn] /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nfdfkm{t kf6L{ g]t[TjnfO{ :ki6 eg]sf 5f}“– cab]lv dxflwj]zgsf gfddf ;dfgfGt/ b:tfj]h cufl8 ;f/]/ slyt j}rfl/s ax;sf gfddf sfo{stf{nfO{ jf8{ / 6f]n txdf ljefhg ug{ kfOg] 5}g . d'2fut ¿kdf dtfGt/ u/]/ cufl8 a9\g' pko'Qm x'G5 . dt ahfP/, leGgtf vf]h]/ xf]Og, cg]stfdf Pstf / ljljwtfdf Pstf vf]h]/ cufl8 a9\g'k5{ . cfhsf] r'gf}tL, xf“s / cj;/nfO{ ;fdgf ug{ kf6L{JofkL ¿kdf Pstf, ;dembf/L ug'{sf] csf]{ ljsNk klg 5}g . o;n] u'6 / pku'6nfO{ w/fzoL agfp“5 . xfd|f] ;ª\u7gfTds l;4fGtn] kf6L{leq s'g} klg ljrf/wf/fTds u'6 tyf ;ª\u7gfTds u'6nfO{ dfGotf lb“b}g . xfdL kf6L{leqsf] ljrf/wf/fTds ;ª\3if{nfO{ d}qLk"0f{, k4lt;ª\ut / cg'zfl;t eP/ ;~rfng ub{5f}“ . of] dxflwj]zgdf u'6–pku'6eGbf dfly p7]/ a'“bfut ¿kd} 5nkmn ub{5f}“ . t;y{, cf7f}“ dxflwj]zg ljrf/, Pstf / cu|udgsf] dxflwj]zg x'g]df ljZj:t 5' .

h8 dfgl;stf TofUg'k5{– 6Lsf/fd r]Dhf]ª, ;lrj, wgs'6f

) xfd|f] kf6L{ ca oyfl:yltaf6 cufl8 a9\g ;Sb}g . lsgeg], clxn] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljsf;, hgtfsf] r]tgf:t/, cfjZostf, cfsfª\Iff Pjd\ ;fdflhs / /fhgLlts cGt/lj/f]wdf ;d]t gof“ kl/l:ylt l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . o:tf] a]nfdf tbg'¿ksf] ;ª\u7gfTds :j¿k, hLjgz}nL / sfo{z}nLx¿sf] h?/L k5{ . ;f] cg';f/ kf6L{n] cfkm"nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ g;s] ;dfhsf] cfd"n kl/jt{gsf nflu g]t[Tj k|bfg ug{ ;Sb}g . To;}n] dxflwj]zgn] kf6L{nfO{ jt{dfg kl/l:ylt cg's"n ;ª\u7gfTds 9f“rf, gLlt / sfo{z}nLsf If]qdf gof“ 9ª\un] cufl8 a9fpg] sfo{df cfzfjfbL aGg'k5{ . kf6L{sf] k'gMu7g eGgfn] aflx/ b]lvg] ;ª\u7gfTds 9f“rfx¿df dfq a'em\g' unt x'G5 . ;a}eGbf k|d'v cfdgLlt tyf sfo{stf{x¿sf] ljrf/, Jojxf/ / b[li6sf]0fdf k'gMu7g x'g cfjZos 5 . h8tfdf /x]sf g]tf tyf sfo{{stf{af6 kf6L{nfO{ gof“ 9ª\un] k'gMu7g x'g] cfzf ug{ ;lsGg .

) hahsf] kl/dfh{g xf]Og, gof“ kl/l:yltdf pkl:yt gof“ ;d:of / ljifox¿sf] hahsf] dfu{bz{gdf pleP/ gof“ 9ª\un] JofVof / ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . clxn] klg g]kfnL qmflGtsf] dfu{bz{g l;4fGt hah g} xf] . cfd¿kdf /fhgLlts / sfo{gLlts sfo{lbzfdf kl/dfh{gsf] h?/L 5}g . t/, gof“ ;Gbe{df s]xL gof“ ljz]iftfx¿ yk]/ hfg'kg]{, /fhgLlts k|0ffnL, /fHosf] :j¿k, ;dfj]zLs/0f, ;ª\3Lotf cflbsf ;jfndf hahdf gof“ JofVof / gof“ ljz]iftfx¿ yk]/ hfg h?/L 5 . o;/L clxn]sf] cj:yfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Sg] u/L hahnfO{ ;d[4 / Jofjxfl/s agfpg'k5{ . To;}n] hahsf] kl/dfh{g eGbf klg ;do;fk]If hahnfO{ cem ;d[4 / l;h{gfTds agfpg ;Sg] x'g'k5{ . xfd|f] ;dfhdf xfn pl7/x]sf] /fli6«otf, hftLotf / ;dfj]zLs/0fsf d'2fx¿nfO{ jt{dfg ;fdflhs cGt/lj/f]wsf] :jfefljs pkhsf ¿kdf lng'k5{ . tTsfn oL ljifox¿nfO{ pko'Qm / plrt 9ª\un] ;Daf]wg gu/L d'n's lbuf] zflGt :yfkgfsf] lbzfdf cufl8 a9\g g;Sg] cj:yftkm{ klg Wofg k'¥ofpg' k5{ . To;}n] xfd|f] kf6L{n] klg zf:qLo ¿kdf ju{;ª\3if{ / hftLo ;jfnnfO{ x]g]{ a'em\g] / JofVof ug]{ txaf6 geO{ ca clxn]sf] kl/l:ylt cg's"n gof“ prfOaf6 ;xL dfS;{jfbL b[li6sf]0faf6 oL ;jfnx¿sf] JofVof / a'emfOsf] ljsf; ug{ h?/L 5 . of] klg ljrf/sf] k'gMu7g;“u ;DalGwt 5 . clxn]sf] p7]sf eflifs, ;f+:s[lts / hftLo klxrfgsf oL d'2fx¿nfO{ kf6L{n] ;sf/fTds ¿kdf lnO{ plrt 9ª\un] ;dfwfg ug]{ b[li6sf]0f / gLlt cufl8 ;fg'{k5{ .

) g]t[Tj txaf6 kf“rf}“ dxflwj]zgafx]s x/]s dxflwj]zgx¿ cfd¿kdf ljrf/, Pstf / ;ª\u7gsf] lgdf{0fsf lx;fan] ;sf/fTds aGg g;s]sf] oyfy{nfO{ a'em\g'k5{ . km/s ljrf/sf gfddf cfPsf ljrf/x¿n] km'6, ljefhg / u'6aGbLnfO{ dfq k|>o lbO{ kf6L{nfO{ cem sdhf]/ agfPsf] jf:tljstfnfO{ klg cfTd;ft\ ug'{k5{ . o;sf/0f, of] dxfljw]zgdf o:tf] kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f x'g lbg'x'“b}g . km/s dtdf g]t[Tjn] s]Gb|Lo sld6Ldf Jofks 5nkmn / ax; rnfpg] / kf6L{ s]Gb|df ;j{;Ddt jf ax'dtn] h] lg0f{o u5{, To;nfO{ dfq dxflwj]zgsf lglDt 5nkmn / ax;df Nofpg'k5{ . bf];|f] s'/f, tNnf] txsf sfo{stf{x¿n] klg u'6ut 9ª\un] dflyaf6 cfpg] ljrf/ jf lqmofsnfknfO{ ;fy lbg] / k|f]T;fxg ug]{ ug'{x'“b}g . kf6L{sf tkm{af6 cfPsf] ljrf/sf] kIfdf b[9tfsf ;fy sfo{stf{x¿ klg plePdf u'6ut sfo{x¿ :jtM lg:t]h x'G5g\ . u'6aGbL dflyaf6 eP tfklg tnaf6 k|>o kfPkl5 dfq u'6 jf pku'6x¿ aGg ;S5g\ . kf6L{sf sfo{stf{n] kf6L{sf] kIfdf afx]s s'g} klg g]tf ljz]ifsf] kIfdf gnfu]df kf6L{df u'6aGbLn] :yfg kfpg] 5}g .

b'lgof“sf] s'g} tfutn] k/f:t ug{ ;Sb}g– dgs'df/ uf}td, ;lrj, d]rL

) /fli6«o /fhgLltdf cu|0fL e"ldsf lgjf{x ul//x]sf] xfd|f] kf6L{ g]skf -Pdfn]_nfO{ j}rfl/s ;ª\u7gfTds If]qdf k'gMu7gsf] cfjZostf k/]sf] 5 . kf6L{sf] ;ª\u7gnfO{ ;dfj]zL agfpg], Jofks hgtfsf] aLrdf :ylut ug]{ cfjZostf k/]sf] 5 . kf6L{sf] ;ª\u7gnfO{ ;dfj]zL agfpg], Jofks hgtfsf] aLrdf :ylut ug]{ cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 . xfdL clxn]sf] kl/jlt{t kl/l:yltdf j}rfl/s / ;ª\u7gfTds If]qdf k'gMu7g ub}{ Pp6f ;zQm / hgs]lGb|t kf6L{sf ¿kdf :yflkt ug{sf nflu k'gMu7gsf] cleofgdf 5f}“ . cfufdL cf7f}“ dxflwj]zgn] of] cleofgnfO{ cem Jojl:yt, d"t{ / 3lge"t 9ª\un] cufl8 a9fpg]5 . casf] ;ª\u7g :jod\ lxhf]sf] eGbf hgd'vL / ;dfj]zL x'g'k5{ . ;}4flGts ¿kdf xfd|f] kf6L{sf ;f]r, /fHo ;~rfngdf ljutsf lbgdf ;dfj]zL x'g ;s]g . xfd|f] h:tf] ax'efiff, ax'wd{ / ax'hflt hgtf ePsf] ;dfhdf ;dfg'kflts 9ª\un] kf6L{sf] lxtdf ;';ª\ul7t ub}{ g]t[Tjdf ljsl;t ug'{kb{Yof] . pgLx¿nfO{ /fHo ;~rfngsf] txdf k'¥ofOg'kg]{ lyof] . To;df sdL /x\of] . ca xfdL gof“ k|sf/sf] kf6L{sf] ;ª\u7gfTds 9f“rf lgdf{0f u/]/ cufl8 a9\g rfxG5f}“ . ;a} wd{, efiff, hflt, ;Dk|bfosf] efjgfnfO{ k|ltlglwTj u/]/ hgtfsf] cu'jfO ug]{ kf6L{sf ¿kdf Pdfn]nfO{ cufl8 Nofpg] k|oTg ul//x]sf 5f}“ . xfd|f] of] sfd ;'Jojl:yt 9ª\un] k"/f ug]{ sfd ljlwjt\ ¿kdf cf7f}“ dxflwj]zgaf6} k"/f x'g]5 . ;dfj]zLsf cfwf/df hgtfnfO{ /fHosf] dflns agfpg] 9ª\un] xfdL nflu/x]sf 5f}“ . hgtf;“u Psfsf/ eP/ ul/g] nf]slk|o sDo'lg:6 sfo{z}nL ckgfpg'k5{ . hgtf eg]sf df6f] x'g\ / sDo'lg:6 l;4fGt aLp xf] . aLp / df6f]nfO{ ldnfpg] hglk|o sfo{z}nLnfO{ cem ;'Jojl:yt ug{ rfxG5f}“ . lxhf]sf] eGbf cem} k|efjsf/L sDo'lg:6 sfo{z}nLnfO{ ljsl;t ug{ g;s]sf] v08df casf] /fli6«o cfjZostf / d'n'ssf] kl/l:yltnfO{ y]Ug ;Sb}gf}“ . cfufdL r'gf}tLnfO{ lr/]/ gof“ ;Defjgfsf] vf]hLsf nflu ;xeflutfdf cfwfl/t sDo'lg:6 sfo{z}nLsf ;fy cl3 a9\g tof/ 5f}“ .

) dfS;{jfb klg s'g} Pp6f cl:y/ j:t' xf]Og . hgg]tf dbg e08f/Ln] hlta]nf hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfbsf] ;"qkft ug'{eof], Tolta]nfsf] cj:yf eGbf clxn]sf] /fhgLlts kl/l:ylt / hgtfsf] r]tgfsf] :t/ w]/} cufl8 al9;s]sf] 5 . Toltv]/ ;"rLs[t ul/Psf] cfjlws lgjf{rg, ax'dtsf] ;/sf/, cNkdtsf] k|ltkIfnfO{ clxn] ljsl;t ug]{ ls gug]{ < ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnLdf hfg] ls ghfg] < ;xeflutf, ;ª\3Lotf, ;dfj]zLs/0fnfO{ xfd|f] l;4fGtdf ;dfj]z ug]{ ls gug]{ < log} k|d'v ljifo x'g\ . xfd|f] b]zsf] ef}uf]lns / ;f+:s[lts agfj6 / cfjZostfnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] ;ª\3Lotf ckl/xfo{ cfjZostf eO;s]sf] 5 . o;sf] ljsNk 5}g . ;ª\3Lotf ;dfg'kfltstfdf x'G5 clg ;dfg'kfltstf ;dfj]zLs/0fdf dfq} x'G5 . o;nfO{ xfdLn] xfd|f] Go"gtd sfo{qmd hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfbdf ;dfj]z ug]{ ls gug]{ < dbg e08f/Ln] cufl8 ;f/]sf] l;4fGtnfO{ cem ;'b[9 agfpg'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . of] b'lgof“sf] sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] ;fj{ef}d s'/f xf] . cf7f}“ dxflwj]zgaf6 hahnfO{ cem ;':ki6 / Jojl:yt agfP/ sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngnfO{ dfu{lgb]{zg ug{ ;Sg] :ki6 sfo{qmd Nofpg]5f}“ .

) of] k|Zgsf] pQ/ emfkfnL e"lddf a;]/ lxDdtsf ;fy lbg'k5{ . xfd|f lbjª\ut emfkfnL g]tf b|f]0ffrfo{n] eGg] ug'{x'GYof]– …emfkf ;lxbx¿sf] hGde"ld xf], emfkf ;lxbx¿sf] sd{e"ld xf] .Ú ;lxbsf] sd{e"lddf a;]/ d}n] af]ln/x“bf g]skf -Pdfn]_nfO{ u'6aGbLn] sdhf]/ agfP/ ljefhg gul/lbPsf] eP cfh Pdfn] / d'n's of] l:yltdf x'g] lyPg . d'n'sn] o:tf] b'b{zf ef]Ug'kg]{ lyPg . km]l/ kf6L{leq u'6aGbL ug]{ xf] eg] Pdfn]sf ;fd' /x]sf r'gf}tLx¿ ;dfwfg x'g] 5}gg\ . u'6aGbLsf] 3]/fleq Pdfn] x/fpg]5 . kf6L{sf sfo{stf{x¿ ljutsf] Oltxf; la;{]/ Pstf, xflb{stfsf] dxflwj]zgsf] kIfdf 5g\ . olb g]t[Tjn] To;f] ug{ g;s]df g]kfnL sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf Pdfn]sf] e"ldsf sxf“ slt /xnf ls g/xnf eGg] xfd|f ;Gtfgx¿n] dfq} ofb ug]{5g\ . cf7f}“ dxflwj]zgnfO{ Pstfa4 agfpg ;Sof}“ eg] g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] ;'b"/ eljio pHHjn 5 . Pdfn]nfO{ b'lgof“sf] s'g} tfutn] klg k/f:t ug{ ;Sb}g . g]skf -Pdfn]_sf xhf/f}“ sfo{stf{, nfvf}“ hgtf of] cleofgdf nfu]sf 5g\ . g]tfx¿n] JolQmut / u'6ut :jfy{ Tofu]/ Pstfsf] kIfdf nfUg'k5{ . o;f] gePdf g]tfx¿sf] eljio s] x'G5 eGg] klg pxf“x¿n] g} ;f]r] x'G5 .

plrt lhDd]jf/L af“8kmf“6 ug'{k5{– ejfgL vfk'ª, ;lrj, t]x|y'd

) xfd|f] kf6L{sf] /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nfb]lv j}rfl/s k'gMu7gsf] rrf{ rn]sf] xf] . kf6L{sf] k'gMu7g g} j}rfl/s If]qdf s]lGb|t x'g'k5{ . clxn]sf] abln“bf] kl/l:ylt cg';f/ kf6L{nfO{ xf“Sg ;Sg] gof“ g]t[Tj :yflkt u/]/ k'gMu7g ul/g'k5{ eGg] xf] . o;f] elg/x“bf k'/fgf hlt ;a} x6fpg] / gof“ dfG5] dfq ;ª\u7gdf Nofpg] eGg] klg xf]Og . ljrf/sf] k'gMu7g u/]/ b]zJofkL ¿kdf gof“ pmhf{sf ;fy cufl8 hfg'k5{ . kf6L{leqsf] zlQmnfO{ ljs]lGb|t u/]/ ax'kbLo k|0ffnLdf hfg'k5{ eGg] ax; rln/x]sf] 5 . s'g} Pp6f JolQmdf dfq zlQm s]lGb|t ug'{eGbf klg lhDd]jf/Lsf] af“8kmf“6 h?/L 5 . g]t[Tjkª\lQmsf] sfo{z}nLdf klg k|Zgx¿ p7]sf 5g\ . o;sf] klg k'gMu7g cfjZos 5 . kf6L{n] lnPsf ljrf/, c8fg, g]tfx¿sf] Jojxf/ kl/jt{g h?/L 5 . o;sf] dtna clxn];Dd kf6L{n] ;ª\u7gfTds ;'b[9Ls/0f / sfo{z}nLsf nflu ul/Psf ;a} k|of;x¿ 7Ls lyPgg\ eGg] klg xf]Og . t/, g]tfx¿sf] sfo{z}nL, Jojxf/ / cfr/0f kl/jt{g ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/fx¿ pl7/x]sf 5g\ . kf6L{kª\lQm leq klg sdL–sdhf]/Lx¿ 5g\ . g]tfx¿ ;j{xf/fjfbL sfo{z}nLaf6 6fl9“b} uPsf x'g\ ls eGg] sfo{stf{x¿sf] k|Zg /x]sf] 5 . sltko 7fp“df To:tf] klg b]lvPsf] 5 . o:tf cfr/0fx¿df ;'wfg'{k5{ . xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ;jf]{Rr lgsfo dxflwj]zgn] unt sfdx¿sf] Jofks cfnf]rgf u5{ . kf6L{sf] gLlt / l;4fGtdf ;a}nfO{ 9fNg] u/L gof“ cfr/0fsf] ljsf; ug]{5 .

) hahsf] k'gMu7g xf]Og, kl/dfh{gsf] s'/f p7fOPsf] 5 . dnfO{ t Tof] kl/dfh{g h:tf] klg nfu]sf] xf]Og . ;dofg's"n s]xL ljifox¿ To;df ;d]6]/ lng'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . hahsf] k|sfzdf cfp“bf ;ª\3Lo /fHo, ;dfj]zL, /fHosf] k'gM;+/rgfh:tf s'/fx¿ cfPsf lyPgg\ . ca oL ljifox¿ klg ;d]6\g'k5{ . oL s'/fx¿sf] ;dfj]zn] g} hahnfO{ ;d[4 agfp“5 .

) dxflwj]zgdf hlxn] klg u'6x¿ pAhg] u5{g\ . t/, cfufdL dxflwj]zg Pstfsf] dxflwj]zg x'g]5 eGg] dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 . ljutsf dxflwj]zgdf ljrf/ / l;4fGtdf klg dtleGgtfx¿ b]lvPsf lyP . clxn] g]t[Tj kª\lQmdf To:tf] b]lvPsf] 5}g . l;ª\uf] g]t[Tjkª\lQm Psl9Ssf eP/ cfp“5 eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . kbLo ljifodf k|lt:kwf{x¿ cfpg ;S5g\ . nf]stflGqs dfGotf af]s]sf] sDo'lg:6 kf6L{leq k|lt:kwf{ klg :jfefljs dflgG5 . To;nfO{ klg ;fdfGo ¿kd} lng'k5{ . kbsf nflu u'6 l;h{gf ug'{ klg ca Pdfn]leq ;Dej 5}g . kf6L{ ljefhg / u'6–pku'6sf kL8fx¿ Pdfn]sf sfo{stf{x¿n] ef]lu;s]sf 5g\ . s'g} klg g]tfx¿ ca klg u'6 agfp“b} lx“8]df pgLx¿s} nflu JolQmut ¿kdf kmnbfoL x'g] 5}g . Pdfn]sf sfo{stf{ /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] eGbf kl/kSj / hgtfk|lt k|lta4 5g\ . pgLx¿ JolQm ljz]ifsf] axsfjdf nfUg] eGbf klg l;4fGt / gLltk|lt k|lta4 5g\ . Pdfn]leq u'6–pku'6sf] cy{ 5}g . cd"s g]tfsf] jl/kl/ lx“8\g] s]xL sfo{stf{sf] ckjfb 5f]8]/ eGg] xf] eg] ;a} sfo{stf{x¿ ;r]t 5g\ . k|z:t} xG8/ / cg'ejaf6 vfl/Psf oL sfo{stf{x¿ kf6L{nfO{ g} k|efj kfg{] u'6aGbLdf sf]xL ;xefuL x'g;Sg] 5}gg\ .

g]t[Tjd'vL sfo{z}nLsf] cGTo x'g'k5{– ljgf]b 9sfn, ;lrj, df]/ª

) ca xfdLn] k|hftfGqLs/0fsf] dfWodaf6 sfo{stf{ / hgtfdf cfwfl/t ;ª\u7g agfpg'k¥of] . xfdLn] hgcfwfl/t kf6L{ eg] klg sfo{stf{ / g]tfx¿ hgtfdf k'Ug] eGbf klg Pp6f lglZrt zlQmsf] jl/kl/ 3'ld/xg] ePsfn] hgtfsf] ljZjf; lhTg ;s]gf}“ . ;f“rf] cy{df hgcfwfl/t kf6L{ agfpg'k¥of] . csf]{ s'/f kf6L{nfO{ k|hftflGqs nf]stflGqs 9ª\un] cufl8 a9fpg'k¥of] . g]t[Tj lgdf{0fdf klg ;DK"0f{ k|hftflGqs k|lqmofsf] cfwf/df gof“ k'/fgfx¿sf] ;lDd>0f;lxtsf] g]t[Tj lgdf{0f xf];\ eGg] s'/f g} xf] . sDo'lg:6x¿sf] g]t[Tj ug]{ qmflGtsf/L zlQm Pdfn]n] lj:tf/} a'h'{jf sfo{z}nLlt/ nfu]sf] cj:yf 5 . sDo'lg:6 kf6L{df cfr/0f / cfbz{ cg'¿ksf] sfo{z}nL dflyb]lv tn;Dd g} 5}g . ;'ljwfef]uL, ;x/d'vL, ufp“df ghfg], sfo{stf{aLr gk'Ug] sfo{z}nLaf6 6f9f ePs} sf/0f hgtfsf] ljZjf; lhTg ;lsPg . ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdf klg To;vfnsf] kl/0ffd ef]Ug'k¥of] . t;y{, hgcfwfl/t sfo{z}nL ckgfpg'k5{ . clxn]sf] h:tf] g]t[Tjd'vL sfo{z}nLsf] cGTo x'g'k5{ . hxf“;Dd gLlt, l;4fGtsf] s'/f 5, l;4fGtdf t kl/dfh{gsf] s'/} p7]g . To;nfO{ 5nkmn u/]/ clxn]sf] cj:yfnfO{ s;/L ;d]6\g] eGg] csf]{ s'/f xf] . hgtfsf] ax'bnLo l;4fGt eg]sf] xfd|f] dfu{lgb]{zs l;4fGtsf] ¿kdf sltko gof“ ljifox¿nfO{ 5nkmn u/]/ To;nfO{ kl/is[t u/L gof“ prfOdf k'¥ofpg'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . l;4fGtdf kl/dfh{g eGg] ljifo cfjZos 5 / ljjfbf:kb 9ª\un] cfPsf] ljifo xf] eGg] nfU5 .

) l;4fGt / gLltsf] kl/dfh{gsf] ljifo s;/L cfof] d}n] a'em\g;s]sf] 5}g . kf6L{sf] /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nfdf klg l;4fGtsf] kl/dfh{gsf] ljifodf l6Kk0fL p7]sf] lyof] . sfo{stf{x¿n] klg kl/dfh{gsf] lj?4df cfjfh p7fPsf lyP . clxn]sf] s]Gb|Lo sld6L a}7sdf s]Gb|Lo sld6L ;b:ox¿n] k|ltj]bgdf ;d]l6Psf] kl/dfh{gsf] ljifo zLif{s x6fpg'k5{ eGg] s'/f p7fPsf] s'/f aflx/ cfPsf] 5 . xfd|f] dfu{lgb]{zs l;4fGt hahdf kl/dfh{gsf] s'/f dxflwj]zgdf p7\b}g eGg] nfU5 . olb dxflwj]zgd} p7] klg sfo{stf{x¿n] To;nfO{ lt/:sf/ u5{g\ eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 . s'g} klg l;4fGt cfkm}“df k"0f{ x'“b}g, To;nfO{ kl/:s[t ug'{k5{ . t;y{, ljleGg 5nkmnåf/f o;nfO{ k"0f{tf lbg] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . xfdLn] kf“rf}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zgdf kf6L{sf] gLlt / sfo{qmd eGof}“, 5}6f}“n] o;nfO{ l;4fGtsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ u¥of] / ;ftf}“b]lv of] kf6L{sf] dfu{lgb]{zs l;4fGtsf ¿kdf :jLsf/ ul//x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ kl/:s[t ul/“b} cfPsf] 5 / x'G5 klg . t/, kl/dfh{g jf ;+zf]wg ug]{ eGg] s'/f x'“b}g . hahnfO{ ;d[4 kfg]{ qmddf ljut !% jif{b]lvsf] cg'ej / 5nkmnsf cfwf/df kl/:s[t kfg'{k5{ .

) dxflwj]zgsf] ;“3f/df gLlt, l;4fGt, sfo{gLlt, sfo{lbzfsf af/]df 5nkmn x'g' :jfefljs xf] . Tof] ljrf/sf cfwf/df g]tf–sfo{stf{sf aLrdf ljefhg x'g] k|lqmofnfO{ klg :jfefljs ¿kdf lng'k5{ . k|hftflGqs k|lqmofdf ljZjf; ug]{x¿n] ljefhg / ax;nfO{ klg :jLsf/ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . t/, dxflwj]zgdf ;a} kf6L{ sfo{stf{nfO{ ljrf/df 5nkmn ug{ cfx\jfg ug]{, dxflwj]zgsf] kl/0ffd cfO;s]kl5 g]t[Tj xft kfg]{n] k"jf{u|xL 9ª\un] sfo{stf{sf] dfgdb{g ug]{, lhDd]jf/LljxLg agfpg] /f]u xfd|f] kf6L{leq 5 . o;df sfo{stf{eGbf g]t[Tjkª\lQm g} a9L lhDd]jf/ 5 . g]tfx¿n] g} sfo{stf{nfO{ sfvfkfvf ug]{ ePsfn] u'6aGbLsf] l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . kf6L{df dflyaf6} u'6sf] l;h{gf u/]/ sfo{stf{nfO{ l;sf/ agfOG5 . o;f] x'“bf sfo{stf{x¿ klg s'g} g s'g} ljrf/sf gfddf Psflt/ nfU5g\ / u'6sf] l;h{gf x'G5 . dxflwj]zgdf JoQm ljrf/sf cfwf/df sf]xL g sf]xL g]tfx¿;“u glhs x'G5g\ . ljrf/s} cfwf/df ljhoLn] km/s ljrf/sf] kIfdf pleg]dfly k"jf{u|xk"0f{ Jojxf/ ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . o;s} sf/0f ljutdf u'6aGbLsf] ;d:of plAhPsf] lyof] . clxn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgkl5 g]t[Tj / sfo{stf{n] klg lzIff lnPsf 5g\ . o;kflnsf] dxflwj]zgdf Tolt w]/} ;}4flGts ax; x'g] klg b]lvPsf] 5}g . of] dxflwj]zg Pstf / ;xL g]t[Tj 5fGg] dxflwj]zg x'g]5 eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 .

dxf;lrjnfO{ klg elg;s]sf 5f}“– dl0f lnDa", ;lrj, Onfd

) cfufdL cf7f}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zgkl5 of]Uo, ;Ifd / o'jf k':tfnfO{ :yfg lbP/ g]t[Tjkª\lQmdf Nofpg'k5{ . /fli6«o dxflwj]zgsf k|ltlglwx¿n] log} s'/fx¿nfO{ ;zQm 9ª\un] /fV5f}“ . g]t[Tjdf ;dfj]zLs/0f klg x'g'k¥of] . k'/fgf g]tfx¿n] dfq} ;w}“el/ :yfg cf]u6\g 5f8]/ gof“ o'jfx¿nfO{ klg s]Gb|Lo g]t[Tjdf k'¥ofpg'k5{ . sfo{stf{sf] Ifdtf, of]Uotfsf cfwf/df lhDd]jf/L lbg'k5{ eGg] kIfd} xfd|f] cfjfh p7\g]5 . xfd|f] kf6L{ g]t[Tjleq klg w]/} ljs[lt / lj;ª\ultx¿ 5g\ . cj;/ / ;'ljwf k|flKtsf nflu dl/xQ] ug]{ k|j[lQ a9]sf] 5 . g]tfx¿åf/f cfkm\gf] dxŒjfsfª\Iff k"lt{sf nflu ;}4flGts cfj/0fdf sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ ljefhg ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . clxn]sf] cj:yfdf cGo jfdkGyL kf6L{x¿ klg k|lt:kwL{ ag]/ cfPsf 5g\ . pgLx¿;“u k|lt:kwf{ ug{sf nflu klg ;x/d'vL, ;'ljwfef]uL lrGtgnfO{ Tofu]/ l;4fGtnfO{ jf:tljs ¿kn] Jojxf/df ptfg'{kg]{5 . casf] dxflwj]zgdf oL ljifox¿ p7fOg] 5 .

) hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfbsf] kl/dfh{g ug]{ eGg] s'/f ;~rf/dfWodaf6 ;'g]sf 5f}“ . s:tf] vfnsf] kl/dfh{g ug{ vf]lhPsf] xf], lj:t[t ¿kdf x]g{ kfPsf 5}gf}“ . d"ntM xfd|f] dfu{lgb]{zs l;4fGt eg]s} hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfb xf] . xfdL hahsf] w/ftnaf6} ofqfsf] of] ljGb'df cfOk'u]sf 5f}“ . hahsf] d"n dd{nfO{ ;+zf]wg u/]/ cufl8 a9\g'k5{ eGg] kIfdf d 5}g . ;fgfltgf k|fljlws s'/fx¿nfO{ ;dfof]hg u/]/ hfg] s'/fx¿ t :jfefljs g} x'g\ . hahnfO{ ;dofg's"n agfpgsf nflu klg of] cfjZos g} x'G5 . hahnfO{ sf]/f l;4fGt jf oGqsf ¿kdf dfq :jLsf/ gu/]/ Jofjxfl/s ¿kd} sfof{Gjog ug'{k5{ . ;dfj]zL, ;ª\3Lotfsf] ljifodf klg :ki6tf cfjZos 5 . ca s:tf] vfnsf] ;ª\3Lotfdf hfg]– hftLo jf eflifs < o;n] /fi6«nfO{ s:tf] k|efj kf5{ < eGg] ljifodf klg 5nkmn x'g'k5{ . ;ª\3Lotf d'n'ssf] ;femf d'2f alg;s]sf] 5 . o; cj:yfdf Pdfn]n] klg hahsf] lgb]{zgd} ;ª\3Lotf;DaGwL wf/0ff JoQm ug'{k5{ .

) dxf;lrjsf] Onfd e|d0fsf qmddf xfdLn] pxf“nfO{ k|:6 ¿kdf u'6aGbLsf] kIfdf gnfUg eg]sf 5f}“ . ljutdf xfd|f] kf6L{leq h]hlt dtleGgtfx¿ b]lvP, tL ;a} g]t[Tj xTofpg sfo{stf{nfO{ a]js'km agfpgsf nflu ePsf lyP . rfx] kl/dflh{t gf}nf] hgjfbsf] l;4fGt xf];\ jf cGo s'g} g]t[Tjsf] xf]8afhLsf nflu ePsf u'6–pku'6– g]tfx¿sf] ;Lldt :jfy{sf nflu /x]5 . 5}6f}“ dxflwj]zgdf kf6L{ ljefhg eP/ dfn]–Pdfn] eof] . cGttM km]l/ PsLs/0f eof] . kf6L{ ljefhg x'“bf s'g} k|sf/sf] ;}4flGts dte]b lyPg . g]tfx¿sf] nx8sf sf/0f dfq Tof] ljefhg ePsf] xf] . ca kf6L{ Psl9Ssf eP/ hfg'k5{ . dxflwj]zgdf cgfjZos ljjfb, l;4fGtsf] n]kg u/]/ sfo{stf{nfO{ ljefhg ug'{x'“b}g . u'6aGbLsf] ;d"n cGTon] g} kf6L{nfO{ ;'b[9 agfp“5 . o;nfO{ xfdLn] l;4fGtsf] ljefhg eGbf klg g]t[Tjsf] cj;/sf] n'5fr'“8L eg]sf 5f}“ .

c:j:y rnv]n aGb ug'{k5{– 8f= lzjdfof t'DjfxfDkm], ;b:o, sf];L

) klxn] alg;s]sf ;ª\u7gfTds ;+/rgfleq ljleGg hfthflt, cflbjf;L, dw];L, ckfª\u, dlxnf, Psn dlxnf, pTkLl8t ;d'bfonfO{ ;d]6\g'k5{ . kf6L{n] p7fPsf] k'gMu7gsf] of]hgfn] of] k|;ª\unfO{ g} hf]8\g vf]h]sf] xf] . cfufdL dxflwj]zgdf oL ;a} hflt, efiff, wd{, ;+:s[ltsf hfthfltnfO{ ;d]6\gsf nflu g} ax; x'g]5 . clxn] h'g z}nLn] kf6L{sf] sfd eO/x]sf] 5, To;n] kf6L{sf] ;ª\u7g lj:tf/ x'“b}g . o;nfO{ klg kl/dfh{g ug'{k¥of] . ;fdfGotof, kf6L{ ;ª\u7gleq /x]sf sfo{stf{x¿;“usf] lgoldt e]63f6 / a}7sn] dfq k'Ub}g . pgLx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug'{k5{ . ;a} hghflt, wdf{jnDaLx¿ ;d]6\g] vfnsf] kf6L{ gLltsf] klg h?/L 5 . To;}n] xfdLn] gLltsf] klg k'gMu7gsf] sfd ul//x]sf 5f}“ . clxn];Ddsf] kf6L{ gLlt / sfo{z}nL g} k|efjsf/L ePg . /, xfdL oL ;a} kIfsf] k'gMu7gsf nflu cfjfh p7fO/x]sf 5f}“ .

) s'g} klg l;4fGtnfO{ kl/jt{g ug'{k5{ eGg] xf]Og . s'g} ;do sfnv08df tof/ kfl/Psf] l;4fGt Tolta]nfsf] ;dfhnfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{ vfnsf] ;f]r af]s]sf] x'G5 . ha s'g} l;4fGt k|ltkflbt x'G5, To;n] tTsfnLg ;dfhsf] kl/jt{gsf nflu ;'xfp“bf] x'G5 . sfnfGt/df klg ToxL l;4fGtn] ;dfh kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] x'“b}g . t;y{, Tof] l;4fGt oyfy{ /xG5 / To;nfO{ ;3fpg] vfnsf cGo sfo{qmdx¿ klg Nofpg ;lsG5 . To;/L Nofpg'kg]{ klg x'G5 . hahnfO{ ;3fpg] sfo{qmd Nofp“bf Pp6f JolQmsf] /foeGbf klg ax; g} rnfpg'k5{ . clxn] hg;d'bfodf p7]sf ;ª\3Lotf, hftLotf, ;dfj]zLs/0fsf d'2fx¿nfO{ 5nkmn u/]/ 6'ª\uf]df k'¥ofpg'k5{ .

) g]skf -Pdfn]_leq ljleGg u'6–pku'6x¿ ePsf] oyfy{ xf] . o:tf] vfnsf u'6–pku'6x¿ xfjL eP eg] g]skf -Pdfn]_ dfq xf]Og, cGo /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] klg hgcfsfª\Iff cg'¿ksf] sfd ug{ ;Sb}g . p;sf] nIo k|flKt t w]/} k/sf] s'/f xf] . h;n] ubf{ g]kfnL hgtfn] ;d]t b'Mv kfPsf] l:ylt 5 . hgtfn] b'Mv gkfpg\ eGgsf nflu klg To;k|sf/sf] …nlaªÚsf] s'/f hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . o:tf vfn] u'6–pku'6nfO{ lg:t]h kfg{] cleofg g]tfx¿af6} ;'?jft ug'{k5{ . clxn]sf] cf7f}“ dxflwj]zgdf ljutb]lvs} …nlaª\ÚnfO{ lg:t]h kfg{sf nflu sfo{stf{n] k|d'v e"ldsf v]Ng'k5{ . g]kfnsf] kl/j]zdf s'g} klg sfo{stf{n] g]tfsf] k5fl8 nfu]g eg] pm :jtGq ¿kn] k|lt:kwf{df hfg} ;Sb}g . p;nfO{ Toxf“ hfg g} lbO“b}g . To;f] ePsfn] klg sfo{stf{x¿n] klg g]tfs} kl5 nfu]/ u'6–pku'6 agfp“5g\ . t/, of] agfpg' x'“b}gYof] . /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ ;'w|g' eg]sf] t g]kfnL hgtfsf] eljio ;'w|g' xf] . g]kfnL hgtfsf] eljio ;'wfg{sf nflu kf6L{sf ;fdfGo sfo{stf{n] klg ;sf/fTds kIfsf] …nlaªÚdf nfUg'k5{ . g]tfx¿dfly ljefhg x'g] l:ylt cfpg lbg'ePg . c:j:y rnv]ndf ;xefuL x'g] g]tfx¿nfO{ klg va/bf/L ul//xg'k¥of] .

tf]8d/f]8 ug{ kfO“b}g– z]/wg /fO{, ;lrj, ef]hk'/

) xfdL kf6L{sf] cf7f}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]Zfgsf] ;“3f/df 5f}“ . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf g/fd|/L wSsf vfPkZrft\ w]/} sf]0faf6 g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] cfufdL eljiosf af/] k|Zgx¿ pl7/x]sf] ljz]if kl/:yltdf cf7f}“ dxflwj]zg x'g uO/x]sf] 5 . oxL k[i7e"lddf k'gMu7gsf] s'/f rsf]{ ¿kdf p7]sf] 5 . ljrf/, ;ª\u7g / sfo{z}nLdf k'gMu7g ug]{ elgPsf] 5 . k'gMu7gsf] rrf{ Jofks eof] . k|ltj]bg / ckflgdf hf/L eof] . e]nf–k|lzIf0fx¿df k|jrgx¿ eP t/ k'gMu7gsf] vfsf / of]hgf s]xL cfPg . h]xf];\, cj xfdL dxflwj]zgdf xf]ldb} 5f}“ . kf6L{sf] eljio s:tf] x'G5 eGg] s'/fsf] lg0ff{os km};nf ug]{ dxflwj]zgn] sfo{stf{ / hg:t/af6 ck]Iff ul/P cg';f/sf] k'gMu7gsf] sfd xfdL sfo{stf{x¿n] Tof] P]ltxfl;s ynf]af6} ultzLn gof“ g]t[Tj rogsf] sfdaf6 ;'? ug{'kg]{ lhDd]jf/L cfPsf] 5 . To;}n] k'gMu7g s]–s]df lsg / s;/L eGg] clGtd km};nf dxflwj]zgaf6 sfo{stf{x¿n] ug{'k5{ .

k'gMu7gsf] sfd uDeL/ Pjd\ lgd{d cfTd;dLIffaf6 ug{'k5{ . ljrf/, ;ª\u7g / sfo{z}nLnufot cGo If]qdf s]–s] sdL–sdhf]/Lx¿ /x], To;sf] /fd|/L / lgd{dtfk"j{s n]vfhf]vf;lxtsf] km};nf dxflwj]zgsf] ynf]af6 gu/Lsg xfdL cfwf/e"t txdf hfg ;Sb}gf}“ . klxnf], b[9 OR5fzlQm;lxtsf] ;Ifd ultzLn gof“ g]t[Tjsf] rog ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . k'gMu7gsf] 7f]; of]hgf / vfsf;lxt gof“ /Qm;~rf/ k|jfx ug'{k5{ . /, g]kfnL /fhgLltdf cfdsfo{stf{ / hg:t/df gof“ cfzf, ljZjf; / pHofnf] ;Defjgfsf] 9f]sf vf]Ng ;Sg'k5{ . /, of] w/ftndf pleP/ cfufdL /fhgLltdf g]skf -Pdfn]_nfO{ lx/f] kf6L{ zlQmsf ¿kdf :yflkt ug{k5{ .

) hah g]kfnL sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngnfO{ dfu{bz{s l;2fGtsf] prfOaf6 g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] df}lns ljrf/ xf] . hahn] ;+;f/s} sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngnfO{ s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf k|efj kfl//x]sf] s'/f :ki6 5 . g]kfnL /fhgLlt / sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf hahn] cfkm\gf] cf}lrTo ;fGble{stf / ;xLkgfsf] k6s–k6s k'li6 ul/;s]sf] 5 . oxL ;xLkgfn] g} g]skf -Pdfn]_n] ;kmntf / nf]slk|otfsf] lzv/ r'Dg ;kmn ePsf] xf] . tfhf tYo ;fg{] xf] eg] aGb'ssf] gfnaf6 dfq ;Qf sAhf ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] dfcf]jfbLx¿ Ps bzs nfdf] c;kmn ofqfkZrft\ cGttM hahs} nfOgdf cfP/ To;s} d"n dd{ / ljz]iftfx¿sf] kmf]6f]skL u/]/ To;nfO{ PSsfO;f}“ ztfAbLsf] gof“ hgjfbsf] cfj/0f lbP/ cfh dfcf]jfbLx¿ zflGtk"0f{ lgjf{rg Pjd\ ;+;bLo k|lqmofaf6 ;Qf;Lg ag]af6 hahn] vg]sf] d"n af6f]df xfd|f] k5fl8 lx“8\g cfOk'u]sf] tYon] emg\ hahsf] ;xLkgf phfu/ ePsf] 5 .

o; k[i7e"ld / dxflwj]zgsf] ;“3f/df hahnfO{ kl/dfh{g, k'gMu7g / ;d[4 agfpg] s'/f p7]sf] 5 . kl/dfh{g, k'gMu7gh:tf zAb Pjd\ efiff k|of]un] Psk|sf/ cfzª\sf] cGof]n / e|dx¿ pTkGg u/fPsf] 5 . ;a} lx;fan] hahsf] ;xLkgfsf] k'gMk'li6 x“'b} uO/x]sf a]nf hgg]tf sd/]8 dbg e08f/Lsf] ;j{q cefj v8\ls/x]sf] cj:yfdf / d'n'sdf ce"tk"j{ /fhgLlts kl/jt{g eP/ gof“ ljifo / d'2fx¿ d'vl/t ePsf] ljz]if a]nf cfPsf] ax;n] ;a}sf] Wofg lvr]sf] 5 . xf], Pp6f ;do / sfnv08df ag]sf] ljrf/ / l;4fGt 3f]s]/ dfq ultzLn ;dfhsf] g]t[Tj ug{ ;lsGg t/ To;sf] cy{ ;xL ljrf/ / l;4fGtdfly s'g} klg lgot, gfd jf axfgfdf tf]8d/f]8 jf To;sf] d"n dd{df k|xf/ ug{ kfO“b}g . To;sf/0f cfhsf] kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df hxf“ ;ª\3Lotf, hftLotf / ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLs/0fh:tf d"n d'2fx¿ HjnGt ¿kdf p7fg ePsf] a]nf xfd|f] ;dfhsf] ljljwtfo'Qm ljz]iftfdf cfwfl/t eP/ pk/f]Qm d'2fx¿sf] ;Daf]wg Pjd\ dfu{lgb]{z hahsf] k|sfzdf s;/L ug{] eGg] d'Vo ;jfn xf] h:tf] nfU5 .

) u'6aGbL kf6L{leqsf] uDeL/ ;d:of xf] . o;k6ssf] dxflwj]zg Tof] /f]uaf6 d'Qm x'g ;s]g / ljutsf] k'/fg} sfObf / tl/sf bf]xf]¥ofP/ u'6aGbLsf] dfgl;stfaf6 s'g} klg gfddf c:j:y rnv]nx¿ ul/Pdf ;a}sf nflu b'ef{Uok"0f{ x'g]5 . kf6L{n] oqf] wSsf vfPsf a]nf klg xfdL gr]Tg] / g;lRrg] xf] eg] of] kf6L{sf] eljio s] xf]nf < To;}n] u'6–pku'6 agfP/ c:j:y rnv]naf6 g]t[Tj sAhf ug]{ dg;foaf6 ;a} g]tf / sfo{stf{x¿n] a]n}df d'Qm eP x'G5 cGoyf o;k6s sfo{stf{x¿sf] :jtGq ljj]sn] ;a}nfO{ 7]ufg nufpg] 5 .

gLltut ¿kdf u'6 5}g– ltns'df/ d]Gofª\jf], ;lrj, tfKn]h'ª

) kf6L{sf] /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nfdf kf6L{sf] cfGtl/s hLjgsf af/]df Jofks 5nkmn eof] . kf6L{leq b]vfk/]sf sdL–sdhf]/Lx¿nfO{ tTsfn ;Rofp“b} kl/jlt{t kl/l:ylt cg'¿k cfjZos s'/fx¿nfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/]/ kf6L{sf] cfGtl/s hLjgnfO{ r':t–b'?:t agfp“b} kf6L{nfO{ c¿ ;zQm ¿kn] cufl8 a9fp“b} kf6L{nfO{ c¿ ;zQm ¿kn] cufl8 a9fpg'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg kl/0ffdn] klg ;ª\u7g kl/rfng tyf xfd|f] sfo{z}nLsf af/]df uDeL/ ¿kn] ;f]Rg clgjfo{ ePsf] 5 . kl/jlt{t kl/l:ylt cg';f/ kf6L{ sfdnfO{ Jojl:yt ug}{k5{ . xfd|f] ;fª\u7lgs ;+/rgf k'/fgf] 5 . d'n's ;ª\3Lotfdf k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . tbg';f/ ;fª\u7lgs 9f“rf lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ . clxn] cfwf/e"t ju{df kf6L{ sfd sdhf]/ ePsf] 5 . kf6L{nfO{ cfwf/e"t ju{df ;3g ¿kn] k'¥ofpg'k5{ . g]skf
-Pdfn]_ ;j{xf/f >dhLjL ju{sf] d'lQmsf lglDt n8\g], qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ xf] eGg] s'/f cfwf/e"t ju{n] cg'e"lt ug]{ u/L Jojxf/df b]lvg'k5{ . e"uf]nsf] kf6L{ sfddf sd Wofg uPsf] b]lvG5 . kf6L{ sfdnfO{ e"uf]ndf s]lGb|t ug'{k5{ . x/]s sld6Lx¿df o'jfx¿nfO{ clgjfo{ ;+:yfut ¿kdf ;d]6\g'k5{ . ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLs/0fnfO{ kf6L{sf] b:tfj]hdf g} pNn]v u/]/ Jojxf/df Nofpg'k5{ . kf6L{sf] qmflGtsf/L sfo{lbzfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ qmflGtsf/L sfo{z}nL ckl/xfo{ x'G5 . xfd|f] sfo{z}nLdf Jofks ljrng / ljs[ltx¿ b]lvPsf 5g\ . cg'zf;gxLgtf, kbnf]n'k k|j[lQ, cj;/jfbL lrGtg, ;'ljwfef]uL, ;x/d'vL, sfo{stf{df u0f]z k|j[lQ, g]tfdf u'6aGbLsf] dgf]j[lQ cflb h:tf unt sfo{z}nLx¿nfO{ cGTo ug'{k5{ . cfufdL dxflwj]zgdf kf6L{leq b]vfk/]sf ofjt\ sdL–sdhf]/LnfO{ cGTo ug{ ;fª\u7lgs, j}rfl/s / sfo{z}nLdf k'gMu7g ug}{k5{ .

) ljZj sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] nfdf] 36gfqmdx¿sf] cWoog, g]kfnL sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] cg'ej / ljZj kl/j]zdf cfPsf kl/jt{gx¿nfO{ ;d]t Wofgdf /fv]/ g]kfnL e"lddf dfS;{jfbnfO{ l;h{gfTds ¿kn] k|of]u / ljsf; ug]{ ;Gbe{df hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfbsf] cjwf/0ff cfPsf] xf] . hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfb g]kfnL hgjfbL qmflGtsf] dfu{bz{s l;4fGt xf] . h;/L dfS;{jfb h8;"q xf]Og, To;/L g} hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfb klg h8;"q x'g ;Sb}g . ;do / kl/l:ylt cg'¿k hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfbnfO{ kl/dfh{g ug'{k5{ . hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfb ultzLn ljrf/ xf] . )$( ;fnsf] kf“rf}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zgkZrft\ sltko ;Gbe{x¿df kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . tL s'/fx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z u/]/ hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfbnfO{ cem ;'b[9 agfpg'k5{ . hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfbnfO{ g]kfnL hgjfbL qmflGtsf] l;4fGtsf ¿kdf :jLsf/ u/]sf] cj:yfdf d'n's ;sf/fTds /fHok|0ffnLdf k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] s'/f, ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] s'/f cfh h'g ¿kn] p7]sf] 5 . g]skf -Pdfn]_n] oL s'/fx¿nfO{ gh/cGbfh ug'x'“b}g . ax'dtsf] ;/sf/ / cNkdtsf] ljkIf eGg] s'/f / ;xdtLo k|0ffnLsf af/]df klg ax; rnfpg' h?/L 5 . cf7f}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zgn] oL sltko s'/fx¿df Wofg lbg h?/L 5 .

) clxn] kf6L{leq gLlt, l;4fGt / sfo{qmdsf] b[li6sf]0fn] s'g} c;xdlt 5}g . To;}n] kf6L{leq gLltut ¿kn] u'6–pku'6 5}g . t/ kb, k|lti7f / h'“ufsf lglDt u'6–pku'6 agfpg' x'“b}g / sfo{stf{x¿n] klg To:tf] k|j[lQnfO{ ;fy lbg'x'“b}g . cf7f}“ dxflwj]zgdf Pp6} b:tfj]h cfpg'k5{ . s]xL g]tfx¿n] sgLs'yLsg km/s dt /fVg'kg]{ l:ylt 5}g . To:tf] km/s dtn] ha/h:t tNnf] :t/;Dd sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ lbUe|ldt ug]{ sfd u5{ . Tolt dfq xf]Og, g]kfnL sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;df g]skf -Pdfn]_ h'g cj:yfdf cf7f}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zg ub}{5, of] cj:yf kf6L{sf] cfGtl/s hLjgsf lglDt lgs} cK7\of/f] cj:yf xf] . of] cj:yfdf cgfjZos ljjfb, km/sdt, leGgdth:tf s'/fx¿ 3fts x'g]5 . o;a]nf ljutsf] tLtf] cg'ejnfO{ ;a} g]tfx¿n] x]Ssf /fVg'k5{ / sfo{stf{x¿n] klg uDeL/ ¿kn] ;f]Rg'k5{ . u'6–pku'6 slt 3fts x'G5 eGg] s'/f xfdLn] ljutd} cg'ej ul/;s]sf 5f}“ . u'6–pku'6 agfpg] g]tfnfO{ sfo{stf{x¿sf] ;fy–;xof]u gug'{ kf6L{sf] lxtdf x'G5 . sfo{stf{x¿n] ;fy–;xof]u gug]{ xf] eg] g]tfx¿ u'6–pku'6 agfpg] s'/fdf lg?T;flxt x'G5g\ . cf7f}“ dxflwj]zgdf l;ª\uf] kf6L{ Pstfa4 ePsf] ;Gb]z cfdhgtfdf lbg'k5{ . of] g} cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] .

xfd|f] kf6L{leq u0f]z k|j[lQ a9]]sf] 5 . 7"nf g]tfx¿sf] jl/kl/ 3'Dg], rfs8L ug]{, g]tfx¿sf] 3/8]/f wfpg], v'/fkmftL ug]{, lhDd]jf/L k"/f gug]{, sfo{If]q ghfg], ukm u/]/ ;a} 7Ls7fs 5 eGg] k|j[lQnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug'{k5{ . To:tf sfo{stf{x¿sf] d"Nofª\sg To;} cg'¿k ug'{k5{ . g]tfx¿n] sfvf / kfvfsf] Jojxf/ ug'{x'“b}g . u'6aGbLnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ sfdnfO{ ;Rofpg'k5{ / sfdsf cfwf/df sfo{stf{sf] d"Nofª\sg ug'{k5{ . glhs–6f9fsf], u'6df ;fd]n eP÷gePsf] cfwf/df xf]Og .

g]t[Tj ljsf;df ;xof]u k'U5– pd]z 8f“uL, ;lrj, ;ª\v'jf;ef

) kf6L{df clxn];Dd ;ª\ul7t ePsf ;b:ox¿sf] ;dfg k|ltlglwTj eO;s]sf] 5}g . casf] cf7f}“ dxflwj]zgn] ;a} ju{, If]q, ;d'bfosf sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ ;dfj]z u/]/ n}hfg'k5{ . lxhf]sf] cj:yfdf h] eP klg gof“ sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ ;dfj]z agfP/ k'/fgf–kfsf g]tf ;Nnfxsf/, ;+/Ifs eP/ a:g klg tof/ x'g'k5{ . clxn]sf] ;ª\u7gsf] k|f¿k–ufp“ sld6L, lgjf{rg If]q ;dGjo sld6LnfO{ a9L clwsf/ ;DkGg agfP/ n}hfg'k5{ . dflyNnf] txb]lv tNnf] tx;Dd lgb]{lzt x'g] rf/ txsf] ;ª\u7gfTds k|f¿ksf] ljsf; ug'{k5{ . xfd|f] sld6Lleq cg'zf;gxLgtfsf] ;+:s[lt a9]sf] 5 . xfdLn] a}7sdf a;]/ h] vfnsf gLlt–sfo{qmdx¿ kfl/t u5f}{+, a}7saf6 aflx/ lg:s]kl5 ;a} Psdtn] hfg'k5{ . lg0f{ok|lt c;xdt hf];'s}n] klg a}7sleq g} cfkm\gf s'/f /fVg'k5{ . a}7saflx/ uP/ v08g ug]{ k|j[lQaf6 d'Qm x'g'k5{ . hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfbnfO{ kl/dfh{g u/]/ w]/} sfo{stf{sf] g]t[Tjdf ljsf; u/]/ cufl8 lng cfjZos 5 . xfd|f] ;ª\u7gnfO{ abn]/ ax'kbLo k4ltdf hfg'k5{ . g]t[Tj ljsf;sf nflu of] ;xof]uL x'g]5 . kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjsf] ;jfndf s]xL ;d:of 5 . g]t[TjeGbf tNnf] txn] g]t[Tj ;DxfNbf km]l/ g]t[Tj vf]Hg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 .

) hahnfO{ ;do;fk]If ¿kdf ;'wf/ ug'{k5{ . hahsf df}lns ljz]iftfx¿nfO{ cem ;'b[9 agfpg'k5{ . clxn] xfdL nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] l:yltdf k'u]sf 5f}“ . /fhtGqsf] pGd"ng ePsf] 5 . ;dofg's"n s]xL s'/fdf kl/jt{g ug}{k5{ .

) ljutsf dxflwj]zgn] xfdLnfO{ ;r]t agfPsf 5g\ . dxflwj]zg cfp“b} ubf{ sfo{stf{leq 8/ k:g] u/]sf] 5 . s'g g]tfn] s] e"ldsf v]n]/ kf6L{ km'6fpg] / dxflwj]zg ef“8\g] x'g\ ls eGg] lrGtf 5 . o;kflnsf] dxflwj]zg Pstfsf] dxflwj]zg x'g'k5{ eGg] xfd|f] cfjfh 5 . Toxf“ s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] a}7s al;/x]sf] 5 . Tof] a}7sn] Psdgf 9ª\un] Pp6} sfo{qmd lnP/ cfpg'k5{ . o;n] s'g} k|sf/sf] ljjfbnfO{ cufl8 ;f/]/ dxflwj]zgsf k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ ljefhg ug'{x'“b}g . s]Gb|Lo sld6Ln] cfkm\gf gLlt / sfo{qmdnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ Pp6} gLlt / sfo{qmd cfp“5 eGg] xfd|f] ck]Iff 5 . xfdL olta]nf cToGt ;ª\s6sf] cj:yfdf 5f}“ . ev{/}sf] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf] wSsfn] xfdLnfO{ lrlGtt kf/]sf] 5 . of] dxflwj]zgdf klg Pstf sfod x'g ;s]g eg] o;n] kf6L{nfO{ g} 7"nf] gf]S;fgL ug]{5 . casf] dxflwj]zg k"0f{ ¿kn] ljjfb/lxt agfpg g]tfb]lv sfo{stf{;Ddsf] /rgfTds e"ldsfsf] cfjZostf 5 .

gLltdf k'gMu7g h?/L 5}g– b]j]Gb| bfxfn, ;lrj, emfk

) clxn] p7fOPsf] k'gMu7gsf] ax;nfO{ d}n] k|:6 ¿kdf a'em]sf] 5}g . gLltdf k'gMu7gsf] s'/f plrt xf]Og h:tf] nfU5 . xfdL kf6L{sf] gLlt / sfo{qmdsf] lx;fan] ;d[4 5f}“ . ;ª\u7gsf] gof“ :j¿k / sfo{z}nLdf Jofks kl/jt{g ul/g'k5{ eGg] xfdL sfo{stf{sf] ck]Iff 5 . kf6L{leq sDo'lg:6 hLjgz}nL, sfo{z}nL nf]k x'“b} uPsf] sfo{stf{x¿n] dx;'; u/]sf 5g\ . kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjleq} s}og\ ljs[ltx¿ klg 5g\ . tL ljs[ltx¿nfO{ x6fP/ hgtfnfO{ gof“kg lbg'k5{ . kf6L{sf] gLlt / sfo{qmddf k'gMu7gsf] cfjZostf 5}g . o;nfO{ ;do;fk]If ¿kdf kl/dfh{g u/]/ pGgt agfpg'k5{ . v'nf kl/j]zdf xfdL cfO;s]kl5 k'“hLjfbL / oyfl:yltjfbL zlQm g]kfnL sfª\u|];;“u k|lt:kwf{ ug'{kg]{ cj:yf lyof] . lxhf] k'“hLjfblj?4 ;ª\3if{ ul//x]sf] xfd|f] kf6L{sf cufl8 sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] gfddf cfPsf] pu|jfdkGyL, e|djfbL dfcf]jfbL ePsf a]nf xfd|f] ;ª\u7g klg r':t b'?:t x'g'k5{ . xfd|f] kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf ljBdfg k'“hLjfbL sfo{z}nLnfO{ x6fP/ hgtfdf leHg] vfnsf] hgd'vL / ;j{xf/f sfo{z}nLsf] ljsf; ug'{k5{ eGg] ck]Iff 5 .

) hahsf] …kl/dfh{gÚ eGg] zAb Tolt plrt gxf]nf . hahnfO{ pGgt agfpg] s'/f xf] . kl/dfh{g eg]/ km]l/ k'/fg} …kl/dflh{t gf}nf] hgjfbÚ cfpg ;S5 . To:tf] vfnsf] kl/dflh{t hgjfb cfjZos 5}g . hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfb g} ;do–;fk]If 5 . dfcf]jfbLh:tf] pu|jfdkGyL kf6L{n] 3'dfp/f] kf/fn] klg hahnfO{ g} c“ufn]sf] 5 . t;y{, hahnfO{ kl/dfh{g eGg' Tolt pko'Qm x'“b}g . o;nfO{ pGgt eg] agfpg'k5{ . /fHosf] k'gM;+/rgf, ;dfj]zL nf]stGqsf] ;+:yfut ljsf;h:tf gof“ ljifonfO{ hahdf ;dfof]hg ug'{k5{ . Tof] g} hahnfO{ pGgt agfpg] k|lqmof xf] . d}n] hahdf kl/dfh{gsf] h?/L b]v]sf] 5}g . hftLo dfldnf;DaGwL xfd|f] b[li6sf]0f :ki6} 5 . hflt, efiff, ;+:s[lt;DaGwL gLlt eg]/ 5}6f}“ dxflwj]zgn] 5'§} gLlt klg kfl/t u/]sf] 5 . o;df ljsl;t gof“ kl/j]zx¿ h:tf] clwsf/sf] af“8kmf“6 / ;dfj]zLsf ljifodf ;fdfGo km]/abn u¥of] eg] dfq} klg k'U5 . ;dfj]zL nf]stGq / /fHosf] k'gM;+/rgfnfO{ d"t{ ¿k lbg] ;Gbe{nfO{ yk]/ n}hfg'k5{ .

) u'6aGbLnfO{ t k"0f{¿kdf cGTo g} ug'{k5{ . t/, cfkm\gf s'/fx¿nfO{ cufl8 a9fp“bf Psn] csf]{nfO{ …u'6Ú u/]sf] cf/f]k nufpg] k'/ftg z}nL sDo'lg:6 kf6L{leq sfdd} 5 . To;nfO{ sfo{stf{n] ;f}xfb|k"0f{ 9ª\un] lng'k5{ . s'g} ;d"xn] cfkm" u'6 ug]{ clg csf]{ ;d"xnfO{ u¥of] eg]/ cf/f]k nufpg] rng klg 5 . Tof] s'/fnfO{ x6fpg'k5{ . cfkm\gf s'/fnfO{ ;ki6 9ª\un] /fVg kfpg'k5{ . ljrf/ /fVgdf s'g} k|sf/sf afwf–cj/f]wx¿ Nofpg' x'“b}g . sfo{stf{ / g]tfsf] aLrdf a;]/ oL ax;x¿ 6'ª\Uofpg'k5{ . olt dfq} eP klg u'6aGbL lg:t]h eP/ ;xL lbzf lnG5 . g]tfx¿n] u'6aGbL u/] eGg] sfo{stf{x¿ g} tL u'6df :jfefljs 9ª\un] ;xefuL x'G5g\ . g]t[Tjn] NofPsf s'/fnfO{ x]l//x]sf sfo{stf{x¿ g]tfsf] km/s–km/s s'/fsf] k5fl8 nfU5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf u'6aGbL tnb]lv dfly;Dd ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;f}xfb|k"0f{ jftfj/0fdf ljrf/ ePdf To:tf] vfnsf] ;d:of cfp“b}g . /, u'6aGbL klg Jojl:yt x'G5 . kf6L{ s]Gb|b]lv tn;Dd cfkm\gf s'/fx¿ /fVg] ;xh jftfj/0f x'g'k5{ . sltko s'/f bafa lbP/ dfq} kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjn] ;'Gg] k|j[lQsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 . sfo{stf{n] p7fPsf] ;xL s'/fsf] ;'g'jfO ug]{ kl/kf6Ls]f klg ljsf; ug'{k5{ . hf] clxn];Dd eO/x]sf] 5}g . cfkm\gf] s'/fsf] ;'g'jfO gePkl5 sfo{stf{x¿n] klg u'6sf] cfjZostf dx;'; ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . t;y{, g]t[Tjn] Ps hgf jf Pp6f sld6Ln] p7fPsf s'/fx¿nfO{ klg ;'Gg] vfnsf] jftfj/0f agfpg'k5{ . o:tf] ;+:s[ltsf] clxn];Dd ;'?jft} ePg .

g]t[Tjsf] 6Ss/df ;d:of 5– ozf]bf clwsf/L, ;b:o, sf];L

) kf6L{sf] /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nfdf ;ª\u7g, gLlt / sfo{z}nLsf] k'gMu7gsf] kIfdf hf]8bf/ cfjfh p7]sf] 5 . kf6L{nfO{ gof“ 9ª\un] n}hfg'kg]{ cfjZostf klg 5 . ;ª\u7gsf] k'gMu7gsf] ljifo t o;cl3 g} p7]sf] lyof] . ljsl;t /fHosf] k'gM;+/rgf / kf6L{leq ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] cfjZostf dx;'; ul/Psf a]nf ;ª\u7gnfO{ gof“kg lbg}k5{ . kf6L{sf] k'/fgf] ;ª\u7gfTds 9/f{nfO{ gof“ 9+un] ljsf; ug'{k5{ eGg] xfd|f] ;f]r 5 . ;ª\u7g ;'b[9Ls/0fs} nflu kf6L{ ;ª\u7gsf] g]t[Tjdf klg kbLo lhDd]jf/Lsf] af“8kmf“6 u/]/ hfg'kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 . To;/L g} xfd|f] sfo{z}nLdf klg clnslt ;d:of cfPsf] 5 . kf6L{n] e"ldut cj:yfdf /x“bf h'g /km\tf/sf ;fy ;ª\u7g ;'b[9Ls/0fdf uPsf] lyof], clxn] v'nf /fhgLltdf cfO;s]kl5 Tof] h'emf¿kg x/fPsf] 5 . hgtfsf] aLrdf h'g ¿kn] ;ª\u7gsf] lj:tf/ x'g'kYof]{, Tof] 9ª\un] ePsf] 5}g . dflysf] g]t[Tjb]lv tn;Dd hgtfsf] aLrdf hfg] 7f]; vfnsf sfo{qmd / sfo{gLltx¿ agfP/ cfpg'k5{ . sfo{z}nLdf b]lvPsf s]xL sdL–sdhf]/LnfO{ ;'wf/]/ hgtfsf] aLrdf hfg'k5{ eGg] dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 . ca sfd ug]{ sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ sfo{sf/L lhDd]jf/L lbP/ sfo{If]qdf v6fpg'k5{ . sfo{stf{sf] of]Uotf, Ifdtf, sfo{s'zntfsf cfwf/df lhDd]jf/L tf]lsg'k5{ . ca dfgfy{ kbn] ;ª\u7g xf“Sg ;ls“b}g . ca kf6L{ ljwfgn] sfo{stf{sf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/df kl/efiff ug'{k5{ .

) hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfbsf] sfo{qmdnfO{ g} kl/dfh{g u/]/ hfg'k5{ eGg] xf]Og . clxn] gof“ ;Gbe{df p7]sf sltko ljifox¿nfO{ yk ;Gbe{df p7]sf sltko ljifox¿nfO{ yk ug{ ;lsG5 . hahnfO{ cem gof“ prfOsf ;fy cufl8 n}hfg'k5{ eGg] ;Gbe{df oL ;a} ljifox¿ p7]sf x'g\ . hahsf] ljrf/ / sfo{qmdnfO{ TofUg] xf]Og . hahsf] sfo{qmd cfp“bf / clxn]sf] kl/l:yltdf w]/} s'/fx¿ ablnPsf 5g\ . ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq /x“bf hahsf] sfo{qmd cufl8 ;fl/Psf] lyof] . clxn] d'n's ;ª\3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqdf k|j]z ul/;s]sf] 5 . /fHo k'gM;+/rgf / ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] lbzfdf xfdL uO;s]sf 5f}“ . gof“ cj:yfdf ylkPsf oL ljifonfO{ ToxL 9ª\un] kf6L{sf] gLlt / sfo{qmd klg ;dfj]z u/]/ hfg'k5{ . hahnfO{ ;d[4 ug{sf nflu sfof{Gjogsf] kIfdf hf]8 lbg'k5{ . hahsf] d"n efjgf, o;sf] ;}4flGts–j}rfl/s kIf / p2]Zo hgtfsf] txdf klg k|:6 x'g'k5{ . hah sfof{Gjogsf] kIf lkmtnf] 5 . sfof{Gjog kIfnfO{ bx|f] agfpg'k5{ .

) u'6–pku'6 lg:t]hsf nflu g]tf / sfo{stf{x¿ g} lhDd]jf/ 5g\ . d lxhf]b]lv g} o:tfvfn] u'6–pku'6sf] kIfdf 5}g . clxn] klg kf6L{sf] ljrf/, l;4fGt / sfo{qmddf Tolt ljjfb b]lvGg . Pdfn]df hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfbsf ljifodf km/s ljrf/ cfPsf 5}gg\ . ljrf/df ;d:of 5}g . lxhf]b]lv g} g]t[Tjsf] 6Ss/df ;d:of b]lvG5 . g]tfx¿ afem]/ eGbf klg ;Gt'lng 9ª\un] ldn]/ cfpg'xf];\ eg]/ g]tfx¿nfO{ bafa lbO/x]sf 5f}“ . kbLo lhDd]jf/LnfO{ af“8kmf“6 u/]/ cufl8 uPdf kf6L{leq} u'6–pku'6sf] cj:yf cfp“b}g . ;a} g]tfx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] of]Uotf–Ifdtf cg';f/sf] lhDd]jf/L lbP/ cf7f}“ dxflwj]zgnfO{ Pstfsf] dxflwj]zg agfpg'k5{ . Pdfn]sf] g]t[Tjleq ;a}sf] ljlzi6 vfnsf Ifdtf 5g\ t/ ;a} kIfnfO{ ldnfP/ hfg'k5{ . g]tfsf ;fy} sfo{stf{df klg s]xL ;d:ofx¿ 5g\ . g]tfx¿sf] u'6–pku'6df pgLx¿ klg ;xefuL x'G5g\ . o:tf] vfnsf] ;d:ofnfO{ of] dxflwj]zgaf6 cGTo u/]/ hfg'k5{ . g]t[Tj, gLlt / l;4fGtsf] ljifodf dxflwj]zgn] clGtd km};nf u5{ . /, l;ª\uf] kf6L{kª\lQmn] To;nfO{ :jLsf/]/ hfg'k5{ . dxflwj]zgkl5sf] g]t[Tjn] klg dxflwj]zgsf] km};nfnfO{ :jLsf/]/ hfg'k5{ .