jif{ !@, c+s $@, @)^* ;fn c;f/ @% ut] zlgaf/

!= o; ljifd r'g} tLk"0f{ cj: yfdf cfufdL ah] 6n] cfly{s If] qsf nflu Ps uxlsnf] gLlt Pj+ sfo{qmdsf Ph] 08f cl3 ;f/ ] / b] zsf] lbuf] ljsf;, cfly{s l: y/ tf, ljQLo ;Gt'ng Pj+ nufgLsf] jftfj/ 0f lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg'kb{5   . o;sf nflu bL3{sfnLg ;f] r, lhDd] jf/ k"0f{ b[li6sf] 0f, ;'ema'em Pj+ ;xdltsf] cfjZostf kb{5   . t;y{ jt{dfg ;/ sf/ ckm\gf] ;Lldt bnut b[li6sf] 0feGbf dfly p7] / / fli6 « o : jfy{ Pj+ bL3{sfnLg lxtsf nflu / fli6 « o ;xdlt sfod ub} { cfufdL ah] 6sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd k] z ug] {5 eGg] ck] Iff ub{5f} +   .

@ cfly{s ;Gt'ng / ;du| cy{tGqsf] l: y/ tf clxn] sf] klxnf] k|fyldstf x'g' kb{5 . wfGg ;lsg] cfsf/ sf] ah] 6 lgdf{0f, Go"g ljlQdf -cfGtl/ s C0f_ s7f] / lgoGq0f, pTkfbgzLn If] qdf nufgL / geO/ x] sf] ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{sf] lg/ Gt/ tf / oyfzL3| ;DkGg ug] {tkm{ hf] 8 lbg'kb{5   . hgtfsf] s/af6 hDdf ePsf] / fli6 « o 9's'6Lsf] pkof] u Ifl0fs / fhgLlts nfe Pj+ p2] Zo k"lt{sf nflu Nofpg] ;: tf k|rf/ d"ns sfo{qmddf xf] Og b] zsf] bL3{sfnLg lxt, kF"lh lgdf{0f, pTkfbgd"ns, Pj+ cfo j[l4 ug{ sfo{qmddf nufgL ul/ g'kb{5

#= a} +ls ª / ljQLo If] qsf] t/ ntf / ;'zf;gsf] ;d: ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu 3/ hUuf If] qdf uPsf] shf{sf] s] xL ;dosf nflu k'g;{+/ rgf tyf k'gMtflnsLs/ 0f, k"FhLut nfe s/ / / lhi6 « ] ;g b: t'/ k'g/ fjnf] sg, t/ ntf Joj: yfkg sf] ifsf] Joj: yf u/ L a} +ls ª / ljQLo If] qdf t/ ntf k|jfx ug] {, g] kfn / fi6 « a} +ssf] ;'k/ Lj] If0f tyf lgodg sfo{nfO{ yk k|efjsf/ L agfpg] / Ifdtf clej[l4df hf] 8\ lbg] h: tf sfo{qmd cufl8 a9fOg'kb{5   . ljQLo ck/ fwdf ;+nUg ePsfx ¿ nfO{ sfg"gadf] lhd ;hfo lbg] gLlt ckgfpg'kb{5   . a} +ls ª / ljQLo If] qdfly ;j{;fwf/ 0f lgIf] kstf{sf] ljZjf; hufpg ljz] if Kofs] h Nofpg'kb{5   .

$= s[lif, / f] huf/ L l;h{gf / ul/ aL lgjf/ 0fsf nflu ;d'bfodf cfwfl/ t cfocfh{g tyf u|fdL0f ef} lts / ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ x ¿ sf] lgdf{0fdf hf] 8\ lbOg'kb{5   . s[lif If] qdf lgof{td'vL pTkfbg, ljljwLs/ 0f, Joj;foLs/ 0f, lrof, skmL, cn} +rL, ;'Gtnf, s] / f, hl8a'6L, b'w, kz'kfng, s'v'/ fkfng, bnxg, t] nxgh: tf pTkfbg ks] 6x ¿ sf] ljsf; / ahf/ Joj: yfkgdf hf] 8\ lbOg'kb{5   . o;sf nflu ;;fgf ls;f gx ¿ n] dn, aLplahg / k|fljlws ;] jf ;'ne tl/ sfn] kfpg / pko'Qm ahf/ efpsf] lgZrttfsf] nflu s[lif ;xsf/ Lx ¿ sf] ljsf;, ;fd'lxs v] tL k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; / ;d'bfodf cfwfl/ t sfo{s|dx ¿ df hf] 8\ lbOg' kb{5   . sss[lif If] qsf] cg';Gwfg Pj+ k|zf/ 0f sfo{qmddf ljlgof] hg a9fOg'sf] ;fy} dn Pj+ : ofnf] 6o"j] ndf cg'bfg a9fOg' kb{5   . hdLgsf] rsnfaGbL / ;xsf/ L v] tL, e"lda} + Í ;fgf l;+rfO{ cfof] hgfx ¿ df hf] 8\ lbOg'kb{5   . u|fdL0f If] qdf u/ LaL lgjf/ 0f sf] if;d] tnfO{ ;zQm agfO{ nufgLdf pNn] Vo j[l4 ul/ g'kb{5 / ;f] nufgLsf] kmfObf k|ToIfM ;d'bfodf k' ¥ ofpg Wofg lbOg'kb{5   . u|fdL0f If] qdf ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] lj: tf/ u/ L 5l/ P/ / x] sf] k"FhL Pslqt u/ L k"FhLdfly u|fdL0f hgtfsf] kx'Fr a9fpg] sfo{qmdx ¿ Nofpg'kb{5   .

%= lxdfn, kxf8, t/ fO{ Pj+ k"j{ – klZrd hf] 8\g] dxTjk"0f{ ef} lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f sfo{qmdx ¿ ;+rfng u/ L tLj| cfly{s ljsf;sf] cfwf/ zLnf lgdf{0f ul/ g'kb{5   . dWokxf8L / fhdfu{, t/ fO{ dw] zdf k'nk'n] ;f;lxtsf] x'nfsL dfu{, r'/ ] / fhdfu{, sf7df8f}+ hf] 8\g] kmf: 66 « ofs ;8s, s'n] vfgL eLdkm] bL ;'? ª dfu{, lghu9df j} slNks cGt/ f{li6 « o ljdfg: yn, n'lDagL Pj+ kf] v/ f cGt/ f{li6 « o ljdfg: yn, s0ff{nL If] qsf ;8s, / f] kj] , s] ansf/ / t/ fO{df k"j{ klZrd hf] 8\g] / ] na] lgdf{0fh: tf 7"nf oftfoftsf] ;+/ rgf lgdf{0fdf hf] 8\ lbOg'kb{5   . ljutdf ;'? ul/ Psf pQ/ – bIfL0f / fhdfu{x ¿ , ;b/ d'sfd hf] 8\g] ;8sx ¿ sf] lgdf{0f Pj+ : t/ f] Gglt tyf b] ze/L ;8s ;~hfn lgdf{0f ug{ ;'? ul/ Psf If] qLo ;8sx ¿ nfO{ lglZrt ;doleq ;DkGg ug] { u/ L ah] 6 ljlgof] hg ul/ g'kb{5   . otfotsf] lj: tf/ ePsf 7fpFx ¿ df / f] huf/ Ld"ns 3/ ] n' pBf] u / s[lif If] qsf] ljsf;df klg hf] 8\ lbOg'kb{5   . dlxnfx ¿ sf] cfocfh{g, lzIff, : jf: Yonufotsf ljifox ¿ df a} +ls ª d} qL ah] 6cGtu{t ljz] if sfo{qmd NofOg'kg] {   .

^= ljB't\ If] qdf pTkfbg / k|;f/ 0f nfOg lgdf{0fdf lghL If] q / j} b] lzs nufgL cfslif{t ug] { jftfj/ 0f tof/ ul/ g'kb{5   . ljB't\ cefjsf] xfnsf] ;d: ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug] { sfo{nfO{ k|yfldstf lbg'kb{5   . nfdf] ;do;Dd nfO;] G; lnP/ klg cfof] hgf ;'? gu/ ] sf s] an nfO;]G; sJhf u/ L j: g] x ¿ sf] nfO;]G; vf/ ] hL ul/ g'kb{5 . t/ fO{sf] l;S6f, / fgLhd/ f, afudtLh: tf a[xt l;+rfO{ of] hgfnfO{ ;DkGg ug'{sf ;fy} ;'gsf] zL 8fOez{g Pj+ e] / L 8fOez{gh: tf of] hgfx ¿ cl3 a9fO{ l;+rfO{ Pj+ ljB't\sf] If] qdf dxTjk"0f{ yfngL ul/ g'kb{5   . kxf8L, lxdfnL If] qdf ;fgf Pj+ demf} nf l;+rfO{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kb{5   .

&= b] zsf] / fhwfgL / x] sf] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf a9\b} uPsf] cJojl: yt a;f]af;, ;fj{hlgs hdLgdf cglws[t cltqmd0f, a9\bf] ;jf/ L ;d: of, afudtL Pj+ lji0f'dtL If] qdf ePsf] dfgjLo cltqmd0f Pj+ k|b'if0f lgoGq0f u/ L / fhwfgLnfO{ ;kmf, ;'Gb/ Pj+ Jojl: yt agfpg] a[xt\ sfo{qmd cufl8 Nofpg'kb{5   .

*= u'0f: t/ Lo lzIff, cfwf/ e"t : jf: Yo, vfg] kfgL tyf ;/ ;kmfO{, vfB ;'/ Iff, ko{6g If] qsf] u|fdL0f e] udf lj: tf/ , ahf/ d'vL ;Lkd"ns tflnd / Jofj;flos lzIffh: tf ;fdflhs If] qsf sfo{qmdx ¿ nfO{ k|fyldstfdf / flvg'kb{5   .

(= ljQLo kf/ blz{tf / e|i6rf/ lgoGq0fdf hf] 8 lbg] , u} / ah] 6/ L jf cljlgof] lht If] qdf / sdfGt/ å f/ f ul/ g] nufgLdf k"0f{ lgoGq0f ul/ g'kb{5   . dWodsfnLg vr{ / rgf / ljutdf : jLsfl/ Psf] lqjifL{o of] hgfsf] cGtu{t / xL cfufdL jif{sf] ljsf; sfo{qmdx ¿ ah] 6df ;dfj] z ul/ g'kb{5 tyf cy{tGqn] wfGg g;Sg] / fhgLlts sfo{qmdx ¿ clxn] sf] ;+qmd0fsfndf NofOg'x'Fb} g   . g] kfnL sf+u|] ;n] u|fdL0f / s[lif If] qdf pTkfbg / ahfd'vL ;xsf/ L ;+: yfx ¿ sf] e"ldsfdf hf] 8 lbG5 t/ ;/ sf/ L ah] 6 / fhgLlts p2] Zon] ;/ sf/ L ;+: yfx ¿ nfO{ ljt/ 0f ul/ g x'Gg eGg] dfGotf / fVb5   .

!)= g] kfnL sf+u|] ;sf] ;/ sf/ sf] kfnfdf nfu" u/ ] sf sltko hgd'vL / ;kmn sfo{qmdx ¿ sf] lg/ Gt/ tfdf g] kfnL sf+u|] ;n] hf] 8 lbG5   . vf;u/ L ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfgtfsf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl/ t x'Fb} k|f/ De ePsf ul/a;Fu ljZj] Zj/ , u0f] zdfg zflGt cleofg, dlxnf hfu[lt, cfocfh{g, s0ff{nL / f] huf/ , u|fdL0f ljsf; a} +sx ¿ , dlxnf / blnt 5fqfj[lQh: tf sfo{qmdx ¿ n] yk k|efjsf/ L agfO{ lg/ Gt/ tf lbg'kb{5   .

!!= k] 6 « f] lnodsf] d"No / cfk"lt{sf] If] qdf ;'wf/ Nofpg pkef] Qmfsf] klg k|ltlglw / x] sf] d"No : jrflnt ;dfof] hg ;ldltnfO{ ;lqmo u/ fO{ / fhgLlts x: tIf] k gu/ L k] 6 « f] lnod kbfy{sf] : jrflnt d"No ;dfof] hg k4ltnfO{ ;lqmo u/ fOg'kb{5   . k] 6 « f] lnod kbfy{sf] cfk"lt{df lghL If] qsf] ;+nUgtf / g] kfn cfon lgudsf] r'xfj6 lgoGq0f ub} { Joj: yfksLo ;'wf/ tyf ef/ tsf] ;Da4 kIf;Fu jftf{ u/ L cfk"lt{ cj: yfdf ;'wf/ NofOg'kb{5   . pkef] QmfnfO{ 5' § } l;ln08/ sf] Joj: yf u/ L UofF;df nfUg] s/ df / fxt lbO{ d"No ;dfof] hg ul/ g'kb{5   .

!@= å G å sf ;dodf zxLb ePsf, dfl/ Psf, å G å kLl8t, c+ue+u ePsf, n'l6Psf, lj: yflkt ePsf kLl8tx ¿ sf ;DaGwdf / fli6 « o ;xdltsf] cfwf/ df / fxtsf] sfo{qmd NofOg'kb{5 / ;f] xL sf/ 0fn] a} +ssf] C0f ltg{ g;s] sfx ¿ nfO{ lglZrt ;Ldfleq 5'6 lbg] Joj: yf ul/ g'kb{5   .

!#= s/ k|zfgnfO{ ;'b[9 ub} { / fhgLlts x: tIf] kaf6 d'Qm / fVb} s/ sf b/ jf gLltnfO{ l: y/ / fVg' pko'Qm x'g] 5   . o; jif{ / fh:j j[l4 !$=% / x] sf] 5 nueu ;j} h;f] of] j[l4 d'b|f l: kmlt / cy{tGqsf] j[l4sf sf/ 0f ePsf] b] lvG5   . o;af6 / fh:j ;+sngsf] sfo{df ;/ sf/ pbf;Lg / x] sf] : ki6 5   . d"No j[l4b/ sf] j[l4 ljut cfly{s jif{df #&=% / x] sf] df 36] / of] rfn" cfly{s jif{df !&=* / x] sf] 5   . o;af6 d"No clej[l4 s/ 5Ng] x ¿ nfO{ ;/ sf/ bl08t x'gaf6 hf] ufpg nfu] sf] 5 egL ;fj{hlgs ;~rf/dfWoddf cfPsf ;dfrf/ ;To kf] x'gsL eGg] cfz+sf hfu[t ePsf] 5   . s/ 5'6sf gofF of] hgfx ¿ NofOg' x'Fb} g   . ljQLo / skf] {/ ] 6 If] qdf ;'wf/ Nofpg tyf z] o/ ahf/ df ;'wf/ Nofpg k"FhLut nfedf nfUg] s/ s] xL 36fpg' kb{5 / ;fy} d+xuLnfO{ ljrf/ u/ L JolQm jf kl/ jf/ sf] cfos/ 5'6sf] ;Ldfdf j[l4 ul/ g'kb{5   .

!$= g] kfnL sf+u|] ; dx+uL Pj+ ahf/ d"Noj[l4sf] cfwf/ df sd{rf/ Lsf] tna j[l4 : jtM ;dfof] hg x'g'kg] { Joj: yfsf] kIfdf 5   . sd{rf/ Lsf] b/ aGbL j[l4df lgoGq0f ug'{sf ;fy} cg'Tkfbs If] qsf] vr{ s6f} tL ul/ g'kb{5

!%= k"FhL k|ltkmn cg'kftdf j[l4 x'Fb} uO{ ljsf;sf] nfut a9\b} uPsf] n] ;f] nfut s6f} tL -lskmfot_ tkm{ Wofg lbO{ k} ;fsf] d"Nodf hf] 8 lbOg'kb{5   .

!^= g] kfnL sf+u|] ;nufot ;j} d'Vo bn, lghL If] q / a} +lsu If] qsf] ;Nnfx / ;xdltdf clxn] sf] ;+qmd0fsfn t] x] / f] ;+s6, ljQLo ;+s6, dx+uL j[l4 a9\bf] o'jf a] / f] huf/ L / ;': t cfly{s j[l4sf] t] x/ f] ;+s6sf] l: yltnfO{ ;dfwfg ug] { ah] 6 dfq : jLsfo{ x'g ;Sb5   . ah] 6 Nofpg] gfddf PstkmL{ / fhgLlts cfsf+Iffx ¿ dfq k"/ f ug] { / hgtfdf b] lvPsf] cy{tGqk|ltsf] lg/ fzfnfO{ ;Daf] wg gug] { ah] 6 : jLsfo{ x'g ;Sb} g   .

s'df/ L a} +saf6 Pg;] n lan e'QmfgL

s'df/ L a} +sn] Pg;] n kf] : 6k] 8 df] afOnsf] lan e'QmfgL a} +ssf] df] afOn Sof;af6 ug{ ;lsg] Joj: yf u/ ] sf] 5   . Pg;] n kf] : 6k] 8sf u|fxsn] a} +ssf] s'g} klg zfvf cyjf df] afOn Sof;af6 ;lhnf] ;Fu lan e'QmfgL ug{ ;Sg] 5g\   . a} +sn] s'df/ L df] afOn Sof;sf] dfWodn] g] kfn 6] lnsdsf kf] : 6k] 8, lk|k] 8 l/ rfh{ / NofG8nfOgsf] lan e'QmfgL ug] { ;'ljwf k|bfg ub} { cfPsf] lyof]   . a} +sn] df] afOn Sof; of] hgfdf / lhi6/ ug] { u|fxsnfO{ a} +ls ª sf/ f] af/ ;xh agfpg …df] afOn Sof; Ú k|of] udf NofPsf] hgfPsf] 5   .

lSng OghL{ å f/ f ;xof] u

lSng OghL{ 8] enkd] G6 a} +sn] laxLaf/ kmf] xf] / ;+sng ug] { efF8f] : joDe" ;+/ If0f ;ldltnfO{ k|bfg u/ ] sf] 5   . a} +sn] ;+: yfut ;fdflhs bfloTjcGtu{t lSng ;s{nsf] cjwf/ 0ffcg' ¿ k : jR5 / : j: y ;d'bfosf nflu hgr] tgf clej[l4 u/ fpg ;f] efF8f] ;xof] u u/ ] sf] xf]   . ;xof] un] ljZj ;Dkbf ;"rLdf / x] sf] : joDe" If] q j/ k/ 5l/ Psf] kmf] xf] / nfO{ Jojl: yt ug{ k'Ug] a} +sn] hgfPsf] 5   . a} +sn] eljiodf sf7df8f} +sf] cGo If] qx ¿ df ;d] t o: tf] sfo{qmd lj: tf/ ug] { hgfPsf] 5   .

a+unfb] z a} +saf6 6] lnsd z'Ns e'QmfgL

g] kfn a+unfb] z a} +sn] g] kfn 6] lnsdsf 6] lnkmf] g, df] afOn / OG6/ g] 6sf] lan e'QmfgL ;] jf ;'? u/ ] sf] 5   . a} +ss} sfpG6/ af6 o: tf] lan e'QmfgL x'g] 5   . a} +sn] ;+: yfut ;fdflhs bfloTjcGtu{t jL/ c: ktfnsf / f] uLnfO{ ;xof] u ub} { cfPsf] ;l~hjgL ;] jf ;+3nfO{ Ps nfv Ps ?k} ofF cfly{s ;xof] u pknAw u/ fPsf] 5   .

afx|la;] df l;len a} +s

l;len a} +sn] l;Gw'kfNrf] ssf] afx|la;] df zfvf vf] n] sf] 5   . a} +ssf] / fhwfgLaflx/ sf] of] klxnf] zfvf xf]   . zfvf pb\3f6g a} +ssf cWoIf OR5f/ fh tfdf ª n] u/ ]   . a} +sn] of] zfvfaf6 s[lif, ;fgf tyf demf} nf pBf] udf nufgL ug] { hgfPsf] 5   .

P; 8] enkd] G6 klg vfFbaf/ Ldf

P; 8] enkd] G6 a} +sn] ;+v'jf;efsf] vfFbaf/ L ahf/ df zfvf vf] n] sf] 5   . zfvfdf cGt/ zfvf sf/ f] af/ , P6LPd, df] afOn, OG6/ g] 6, a} +ls ª , le;f 8] la6 sf8{, ljb] zL ljlgdo 8 « fkm\6 / lan e'QmfgL ;] jf pknAw x'g] 5   . 8] 9 bzscl3 kmfOgfG; sDkgLsf] ¿ kdf : yflkt of] sDkgL rf/ jif{cl3 …v Ú ju{sf] ljsf; a} +sdf : t/ f] Gglt ePsf] xf]   . dr] {G6 a} +ls ª sf nflu p;n] ;xfos sDkgL klg v8f u/ ] sf] 5   .

cfO{8L a} +sn] ;] o/ lgsfNg]

OG6/ g] ;gn 8] enkd] G6 a} +sn] !( s/ f] 8 @) nfv ?k} ofFa/ fa/ sf] ;fwf/ 0f ;] o/ lgsfNg] ePsf] 5   . o;sf nflu sDkgLn] gful/ s nufgL sf] if / Pgl;Pd dr] {G6 a} +ls ª lnld6] 8nfO{ lgisf;g tyf laqmL k|aGws lgo'Qm u/ ] sf] 5   . o;;DaGwL ;Demf} tfdf sDkgLsf k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t / fhf/ fd v8\sf, sf] ifsf tkm{af6 sfo{sf/ L lgb] {zs Clif/ fd uf} td tyf Pgl;Pd tkm{af6 k|aGw ;~rfns ljhonfn >] i7n] x: tfIf/ u/ ]   .

@)^& r} t d;fGt;Dd !$ j6f zfvfdfkm{t\ sf/ f] af/ ul/ / x] sf] a} +sn] # ca{ *! s/ f] 8 lgIf] k kl/ rfng u/ L # ca{ #^ s/ f] 8 shf{ nufgL u/ ] sf] 5   .