wd{;+:s[lt
kL/lkm/] d]nf / afx|s'g] d]nfsf] Ps kl/ro

3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf–$ rf}3]/fdf cjl:yt of] d]nf wfld{s tLy{:ynsf gfddf cfPsf] Ps rlr{t d]nf xf] .

o; d]nfsf] af/]df cg]s y/Lsf lsDabGtLx? ;'gFO{df cfP tfklg uf]/If l;4/Tggfy d7df k|To]s jif{sf] kmfu'g s[i0f ljhof PsfbzLsf lbg nfUg] o; d]nfnfO{ :yfgLo efiffdf …kL/yfjgf d]nfÚ sf] gfdn] lrlgG5 . …uf]/If l;4/Tggfy d7Ú bfªsf] /fhg}lts tyf cfWoflTds Oltxf;sf] :df/s xf] . afx|t]x| jif{sf] Oltxf; af]s]sf] o; d6sf ;+:yfks l;4/Tggfyn] l;l4k|fKtL u/]sf] a'lemG5 . l;l4 k|fKtL kZrft b]z b]zfGt/ e|d0fsf j]nf pxf‘n] l;l4k|efjaf6 k|efljt eO{ s'g} afbafxn] l;4/Tggfy afafnfO{ …kL/Ú kbaf6 lje"lift u/]sf] a'lemG5 .

To;} a]nfb]lv o; d7sf ækL/Æ elgb} cFPsf] / k|To]s jif{ kmfu"g s[i0f ljhof PsfbzLsf lbg gof‘ kL/sf] rog ug]{ k/Dk/f cBlk klg /lx/x]sf] 5 . gof‘ kL/ :yfkgf ul/g] x'‘bf o; cj;/nfO{ kL/ km]g]{ tyf kL/ :yfkgf sf] ;Gbe{df kL/lkm/] d]nf elgPsf] :yfgLoaf;Lx? atfp‘5g\ .

o;lbg dlGb/ cufl8sf] blnrfdf kL/ km]g]{ cg'i7fg u/L nf]pm dlGb/ kfl/;/sf] o; dlGb/df lbge/L x;f]{Nnf;sf ;fy ;Dk"0f{ tLy{ eQmhgx? /dfp‘5g\ o; d]nfdf bfª tyf bfªeGbf aflx/sf ljleGg If]qaf6 eQmhgx? lelqg'sf ;fy} ljz]if u/L ef/tsf] pQ/k|b]zaf6 >4fn' eQmhgx? lelqg] u/]sf] d]nf ;+/If0f ;ldltsf] egfO{ /x]sf] 5 .

dlGb/ bz{g, gfrufg, Jofkf/ Joj;fo, dgf]/~hgsf b[li6n] o; d]nfsf] Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ cj;/ klg xf] . ljutsf] eGbf w]/} kl/jt{g ePsf] o;d]nfnfO{ cem} Jojl:yt u/L ;'Gb/ agfpg ;s]df bfª If]qsf] nf]s;+:s[ltsf] k|rf/ k|;f/, s[lifhGo j:t' tyf cGo b[li6n] o/ If]qsf] Jofkf/ Joj;fosf] ljsf; lgdf{0fdf 6]jf k'uL To; If]qsf :yfgLo af;Lx?sf] hLjg:t/ dfly p7\g] ;f] If]qsf afl;Gbfx?sf] ljrf/ /x]sf] 5 .

To:t} 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf j8f g+= & sf] ;]jf/l:yt afx|s'g] bx a/fx If]qdf nfUg] o; d]nf klg wfld{s tLy{:ynsf] Ps rlr{t d]nf xf] . of] d]nf kf}if d;fGtsf] /flt / df3] ;+qmflGtsf] lbg w'dwfdsf;‘u nfUg] ub{5 .

o; d]nfsf] af/]df ljleGg lsDabGtLx? /x] tfklg 3gfh+un /x]sf] of] :yn s'g} a]nf a/fx b]jtfsf] k|efjn] cf‘wL;lxt d';nwf/] kfgL k/]/ Pstf/d} k/L ljzfn hnfzo ag]sf] / csf]{ lbg cyf{t df3] ;+qmflGtsf lbg o; :yndf a/fxsf] yfg :yfkgf u/L k"hfcfhf z'? u/L kl5 jif]{gL kf}if d;fGtb]lv df3] ;+qmflGt;Dd ljz]if k"hf cg'i7fg;lxt d]nf nfUg] u/]sf] o; If]qsf :yfgLoaf;Lx?sf] egfO{ /x]sf] 5 .

cGo d7dlGb/df eGbf o; dlGb/df a]Un} vfnsf] l/ltl/jfh 5 . cGo dlGb/df k"hf/L afx'g /x] tfklg o; d]nfdf dlGb/df du/ hfltsf k'?if k"hf/L /xg] k/Dk/f /x]sf] agfO{Psf] 5 . o; d]nfdf k|foM bfª, /f]Nkf, ?s'd, Ko"7fg, ;Nofg, tyf b]z ljb]zaf6 klg eQmhg, >4fn'x?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o; d]nf k"hf, :yfgf, gfrufg, s[lifhGo j:t'x? ;'Gtnf, p‘v', abfd, t?n cflb u|fdL0f pTkfbgsf Jofkf/sf] b[li6n] Hofb} k|l;4 tyf rlr{t d]nfsf] ?kdf /x]sf] eQmhgx? atfp‘5g\ .

s[lif ;Gb]z

– slknb]j bf; -jf=;=c=_
lhNnf s[lif lasf; sfof{no bfª

/f]syfdM

/f]u nfu]sf] v]taf6 aLpm ;+sng gug]{ . j]ls:6Lg–%) wp jf 8]/f];fn –% wp ljiffbL @ u|fd k|lt s]=hL=aLpmsf b/n] aLpm pkrf/ u/L wfgsf] Jof8 /fVg] .

$=kft] km]+b 89jf /fu (Seath Blight)

nIf0fM

of] /f]usf] nIf0f kftsf] km]+bdf nfDrf] / abfd] cfsf/sf] yf]Knfsf] ?kdf b]lvG5 . oL yf]Knfx? ;'?df xl/of]df v}/f] ldl;Psf] /+udf b]lvG5 / kl5 oL yf]Knfx? a]cfsf/df kl/0ft eO{ lsgf/f v}/f] /+usf] x'G5 . o; /f]usf] k|sf]k a9\b} uPdf afnfdf bfgf nfUb}g . o;n] afnL k;fpg' eGbf klxn] g} cfqmd0f ub{5g\ .

/f]syfdM–

8fOy]g Pd–$% jf OG8]lkmn Pd–$% # u|fd k|lt ln6/ kfgLsf] b/n] jf lxgf];fg !=% PdPn k|lt ln6/ kfgLsf] b/n] ld;fO{ 5g]{ .

%=v}/f] /f]u (Khaira Disease)

nIf0fM

of] /f]u vf; u/L hLjf0f'af6 geO{ h:tf -lh+s_ tTjsf] sdLaf6 b]vfkb{5 . of] /f]u wfgsf] a]gf{ / uf‘lhPsf] ;'? cj:yfdf nfUb5 . of] /f]u nfu]df wfgsf] a]gf{ jf af]6sf] tNnf] of k'/fgf kftsf] gzfx?sf] aLrdf kx]‘nf]kg b]lvG5 . o;sf] ;fy} kftdf ;–;fgf v}/f yf]Knfx? b]lvG5 . oL yf]Knfx? cfk;df hf]l8P/ k'/} kft v}/f jf abfdL /+usf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] nIf0f b]lvPsf] af]6 xf]‘rf] x'g], uf‘h sd nfUg] luhl/+u eO{ af]6 d/]/ hfG5 . vf; u/L df6f]sf] lk=Pr=-cDnLokg_ &=* b]lv *=@ ePdf tyf k|f+ufl/s kbfy{ w]/} ePdf lh+s tTjsf] sdL b]lvG5 . of] /f]u v]tdf Kofr Kofrsf] ?kdf nIf0f b]vfp‘5 .

/f]syfdM–

gfO6«f]hg, km:kmf]/; tyf kf]6f; dn ;Gt'lng dfqfdf k|of]u ug]{ . Jof8df /f]usf] nIf0f b]vfk/] !@–!% lbgkl5 % u|fd lh+s;Nkm]6 / @=% u|fd r'gf k|ltln6/ kfgLsf] b/n] ld;fO{ k"/} af]6 leHg] u/L :k|] ug]{ . To:t} a]gf{ /f]kL ;s]kl5 wfg v]tdf nIf0f b]vf k/]df dfly eg] h:t} u/L 5g]{ / To:tf] v]tdf csf]{ jif{ wfg /f]Kg'eGbf klxn] lxNofpg] a]n}df c? dn ;‘u} lh+s;Nkm]6 / /;folgs dn )=%–&)) u|fd k|lts¶fsf] b/n] 5l/ df6f]df ld;fP/ wfg nufpg' kb{5 . o; afx]s lrn]6]8 lh+s jf lrnfldg @ u|fd k|ltln6/ kfgLsf b/n] jf lx/f lh+s @ u|fd k|ltln6/ kfgLsf] b/n] ld;fP/ af]6 leHg] u/L :k|] u/]df o;nfO{ /f]syfd ug{ ;lsG5 .

o; k|sf/ dfly elgPsf /f]u÷sL/fx?sf] klxrfg u/L ;dod} plrt lsl;dsf] afnL ;+/If0f k|ljlw ckgfO{ /f]u sL/fx?sf] /f]syfd u/L wfg afnLnfO{ Iflt x'gaf6 hf]ufO{ pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj a9fpg ;lsG5 .