jif{ $& cÍ $$, @)^( a}zfv ! ut] z'qmaf/

sf7df8f}+ ÷ >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqL dfnj/l;+x yfkfsf] /fli6«o hgd'lQm kf6L{n] lgwf{l/t ;dodf ;+ljwfg agfpg] ;Defjgf gb]lvPsf] eGb} bjfj lbg j}zfv #, $ / % ut] g]kfn aGb ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] lgwf{l/t ;dodf ;+ljwfg gagfP/ )$& ;fns} ;+ljwfg lapFtfpg vf]h]sf] cf/f]k klg ;f] kf6L{n] nufPsf] 5 . hftLotf / wd{ lg/k]Iftfsf] ;jfnnfO{ lnP/ ;f] kf6L{n] @)^( h]7 !$ ut] gof+ ;+ljwfg hf/L u/fpg jt{dfg k|wfgdGqLnfO{ r}t !$ ut] bz a'Fb] 1fkg kq a'emfPsf]df xfn;Dd s'g} k|ltlqmof gcfPsf] atfpg' eof] .

cfFvfsf /f]uLx?n] Wofg lbg' kg]{ ljrf/0fLo s'/f
cfFvfsf] kbf{ kmf6\g] /f]u tyf w'nf] / udL{df a9\b} uPsf] hf]lvd

sf7df8f}+ ÷ udL{ofd z'? x'Fb}5, b]ze/sf ;8sx? w'nfDd] x'Fb} dflg;sf cfFvf leq w'nf] l5bf{ w]/} h;f] JolQmx? cfFvf /f]uaf6 kLl8t 5g\ . s]xL ;do otf cfFvf /f]uLx?sf] ;+Vof XjfQ} a9]sf] 5 . o;df v/fj df};ddf x]nrqm\ofO{, xfjfx'/L;Fu} cfFvfdf v/fgL cfPkl5 Wofg glbg] s'/f klg sf/s 5 .

cfFvf kfSg lbg' x'Fb}g . cfFvfdf w'nf], w'Fjf, k|b"if0f, b"lift kfgL k¥of] / ;kmfOdf sdL eof] eg] AofS6]l/of / kmË; nfUb5 . unt cf}iflwsf] ;]jg, /f;folgs dn a9L k|of]u ePsf] vfg]s'/f vfg], ljiffn' ls/fsf] 6f]sfO{, cfFvfdf lrk|f cfpFbf Wofg glbg] h:tf nfkjf{xLsf sf/0f cfFvf /f]u a9]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

cfFvfdf efO/;sf] k|sf]k eof] / AofS6]l/of eof] eg] k"/} kl/jf/nfO{ ;dfpg ;do nfUb}g . ljz]if1x?n] cfFvfsf /f]uLx? ;fj{hlgs :yn, eL8 ePsf] 7fpF ljBfno, sn]h–SofDk; jf sfof{no hfg' x'Fb}g . o;df cf/fd u/L PnhL{af6 hf]lug] k|of; ug'{ kb{5 . JolQmut ;/;kmfO{df Wofg lbPdf /f]uaf6 afFRg d2t k'Ug] 5 .

cfFvf ljemfpg], /ftf] x'g], cfF;' cfpFbf jf sr]/f lgl:s+bf cfFvfsf] sf]if ;'lGgg] ub{5 . o:tf] a]nf lbgdf x]g{ klg sf]O{sf]O{ a]nf uf¥xf] x'G5 . cfFvf kfs]sf] a]nf cfFvf df8\g' 7Ls x'Fb}g . rZdf k|of]u ug]{ / df]6/;fOsn rnfpg]n] efOh/ clgjfo{ ?kdf nufpg' kb{5 .

sf7df8f}+df kf]x/eGbf a9L o;kfnL w'nf] p7]sf] 5 . htftt} ;8s eTsfpFbf ;8sdf /x]sf w'nf]x? p8\b}5g\ . ;8s dd{t gul/lb+bf w'nf]sf s0fx? p8]/ nfvf}+sf] cfFvfdf c;/ k'¥ofPsf] 5 .

c:ktfnx?df cfFvf /f]uL k|z:t hfg] u/]sf 5g\ . b]zsf] k|ltli7t cfFvf pkrf/ s]Gb| ltnu+uf cfFvf k|lti7fgdf t]Aj/eGbf a9L /f]uLx? pkrf/ u/fpg k'Ug] ub{5g\ . hals ToxfF k|ltlbg gof+ lj/fdLnfO{ laxfgL ;qsf] b'O{ k6s l6s6 sf6\g] &%÷&% u/L !%) hgf / lbpF;f] k]OË lSnlgsdf %) hgf /f]uLn] pkrf/ ;]jf kfPsf 5g\ . t}klg 8fS6/x?n] EofO{–gEofO{ ;a} h;f] btf{ ePsf la/fdLnfO{ x]b}{ cfPsf 5g\ .

To;}u/L jL=kL= sf]O/fnf nfO{G; g]q cWoog s]Gb| / lzIf0f c:ktfndf klg eL8 a9]sf] 5 . ptf lqk'/]Zj/l:yt cfFvf c:ktfn nufot b]ze/sf cfFvf c:ktfnx?df cfFvf /f]uL a9]sf] b]lvG5 . o;df /f]uLsf] nfkjf{xL l9nf u/L 8fS6/ sxfF k'Ug] / pkrf/tkm{ uDeL/ gx'Fbf /f]u a9]sf] 5 .

cfFvf /f]uLx? dWo] cfFvfsf] kbf{ kmf6\g] / pKsg] /f]u (Retinal tear and Deta  Chment) sf sf/0f xfnsf lbgdf la/fdLx? ;d:ofdf k/]sf 5g\ .

w]/} JolQmnfO{ cfFvfsf] kbf{ (Retina) af/]df yfxf 5}g . /]l6gf Ps k|sf/sf] :gfo' tGt'n] ag]sf] kf/bzL{ lemNnL xf] h;nfO{ dflg;n] gfËf] cfFvfn] b]Vg ;Sb}g . /]l6gfdf cfPsf] k|sfz a:t'sf] cfs[lt aGb5 clg dfq j:t' x]g{ ;lsG5 .

cfFvfsf] u]8L Ps k|sf/sf] h]nLn] el/Psf] x'G5 . dflg;sf] pd]/ cg';f/ Toxf+ v'lDrg] x'Fbf /]l6gf Rofltg] jf Kjfn kg]{ x'G5 h;nfO{ kbf{ kmf6\g] elgG5 . o; afx]s rf]6 k6s nfUbf jf w]/} dfOg; kfj/ ePsf] rZdf nufpFbf cfFvfsf] kbf{ kmf6\g] ;Defjgf /xG5 . /]l6gf RofltPdf :gfo' sf]ifx? la:tf/} eb}{ hfG5 / ;dodf pkrf/ ePg eg] dfG5] cGwf] x'g] vt/f x'G5 .

cfFvfsf] kbf{ kmf6\bf b]lvg] nIf0fdf lah'nL rDs]sf] h:tf] b]lvg', e'';'gf p8]em}+ b]vf kg'{, u|x0f nfu]sf] h:tf] b]lvg', PsfPs cfFvf b]Vg sd x'g', cfFvf /ftf] x'g], b'Vg], cfF;' cfpg] nIf0f x'g\ . o;df lrlsT;s sxfF l56f] hfg' kg]{ ;'emfj jl/i7 cfFvf /f]u ljz]if1 8f= uf]ljGb kf}8\ofnsf] 5 . ltnu+uf cfFvf s]Gb|sf csf{ jl/i7 8fS6/ /af yfkfn] of] c:ktfndf y'k|} /f]uLx?sf] cfFvfsf] ;kmn pkrf/ ePsf] atfpg' x'G5 . Pefli6g (AVASTIN) O{Gh]S;g /f]uLsf] cfFvfdf nufpFbf Hof]lt kmls{g] / klxn]em}+ x]g{ kfpg] cj;/ y'k|}n] kfPsf] yfxf ePsf] 5 .

kbf{ kmf6]df jf plKsPdf gof+ kbf{ kmg]{ ldNb}g t/ ;dod} /f]uLx?n] 8fS6/ sxfF k'u] eg] n]h/ tyf lr;f]n] ;]Sg] (Cyyopexy) pkrf/ åf/f pkrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 . kbf{ pKs]kl5 hlt l56f] pkrf/ x'g ;S5 Tolt g} b[li6df ;'wf/sf] ;Defjgf /xG5 . t/ kbf{sf] aLr efu jf k"/} efu pKs]sf] 5 eg] b[li6 ;'wf/sf] ;Defjgf sd /xG5 .
cfFvfsf] kbf{ kmf6\g glbg ;dod} cfFvf k/LIf0f u/fpg' kb{5 . vf;u/L lrgL /f]uL, rf]6 k6s, kl/jf/sf] ;b:odf cfFvfsf] kbf{sf] /f]u ePsf] lxi6«L ePsf] JolQmn] ^÷^ dlxgfdf cfFvf k/LIf0f u/fpg' h?/L 5, ltnu+ufdf @)%& b]lvg} lgoldt /]l6gf ljz]if1n] /]l6gf /f]uLsf] pkrf/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

pRr /Qmrfkn] cfFvfdf kg]{ c;/n] klg y'k|} ;d:of kfg]{ x'Fbf o;df Wofg lbg' lgtfGt h?/L 5 . pRr /QmrfknfO{ sG6«f]n ug]{, lrNnf], lk/f] 36fpg] / kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:onfO{ of] ;d:of 5 eg] ;ts{tf ckgfpg' a]; x'g]5 .

;+s6df Onfdsf tfntn}of

h}ljs ljljwtfsf b[li6sf]0fn] dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf Onfdsf tfntn}of ;+s6df kb}{ uPsf 5g\ . cl:tTjdf /x]sf $@ j6f kf]v/L dWo] P3f/ j6f kf]v/L ;'ls;s]sf 5g\ . clxn] #! j6f kf]v/Ldf dfq} !@ dlxgf kfgL b]lvG5 . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn Onfd / Onfd ;xof]u kl/ifb\n] ;+o'Qm ?kdf lhNnfsf] tfntn}ofsf] cWoog ul/;s]sf 5g\ . af¥x} dlxgf kfgL hDg] kf]v/L #! j6f dfq 5g\ . P3f/ j6f clt ;+s6df kl/;s]sf 5g . tTsfn ;+/If0f ug{ g;s] P3f/ kf]v/Lsf] cl:tTj ;lsg] ePsf] 5 .

v'nf rl/r/0f, dfgjLo lqmofsnfk, hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf a9\bf] jg ljgf;sf sf/0f kfgLsf ;|f]t tyf kf]v/Lx? ;'Sb} uPsf 5g\ . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, Onfd ;xof]u kl/ifb\ tyf :yfgLosf] kxndf dfOdem'jfsf ;ft j6f kfv]/L ;+/If0f yflnPsf] 5 . dfOdem'jf ^ l:yt 88]nL kf]v/L, tfn kf]v/L xf8]kfv]/L, xfF; kf]v/L / hnhn] kf]v/L ;+/If0f ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . To:t} dfOdem'jf ;ft km';]{ kf]v/L / u'kmf kf]v/L ;+/If0f ug]{ k|of; yflnPsf] 5 .  dfOdem'jf uflj;df dfq P3f/ j6f kf]v/L 5g\ .

nf]k x'g nfu]sf kf]v/Ldf dfOdfem'jfsf] nfd kf]v/L, e"t kf]v/L, cfxfn8fF8f kf]v/L, hd'gf uflj;sf] cfn] kf]v/L, l;4 kf]v/L / hfn] kf]v/L 5g\ . To:t} lhtk'/ uflj;sf] em\ofp kf]v/L, ;'n'a'Ësf] xf8L kf]v/L, k"l0f{ kf]v/L, gofFahf/ uflj;sf] dflnË]gL kf]v/L / sf]Na'ªsf] xfF; kf]v/L nf]k x'g nfu]sf 5g\ . sf]Na'Ë uflj;sf] xfF; kf]v/L ljno eO;s]sf] 5 . kf]v/L ;+/If0fsf nflu lhlj;n] rf/ nfv /sd 5'6\ofPsf] lyof] . /sd vr{ ul/of] t/ tfn eg] emg\ ;'Sof] . kfgL ePsf] tfn ;+/If0fsf nflu sfd yflnP klg tfndf clxn] kfgL 5}g . ljZj /fd;f/ ;"rLdf ;"rLs[t dfO{ kf]v/L Onfdd} cjl:yt 5 . lhNnfs} 7"nf kf]v/Lx? dfO{ kf]v/L, gofFahf/sf] em\ofpF kfv]/L, cGt'sf] cGt' kf]v/L / dfOdem'jfsf] tfn kf]v/L cjl:yt 5g\ . hf]udfO{ uflj;sf tfn kf]v/L ;+s6df kl/;s]sf] 5 .

h}ljs ljljwtfsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ tfntn}of ;d'bfodf r]tgf gx'Fbf ;+/If0f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . s]xL :yfgdf clxn] ;d'bfo :t/af6} tfnsf] ;+/If0f yflnPsf] eP klg kf]v/L ;+/If0fsf nflu :yfgLodf r]tgf gk'u]sf] lj1x? atfpF5g\ .

k|]dL hf]8Lsf] uGtJo :yn

– drf/fhf dxh{g

k"jf{~rn If]qdf kg]{ ;+v'jf;ef lhNnfsf] k'/fgf] ;b/d'sfd r}gk'/af6 Ps 306f k}bn b'/Ldf l;4sfnL b]jL dlGb/ /x]sf] 5 . oxf+af6 dsfn' lxdfnsf] dgdf]xs b[Zo, r}gk'/ ahf/ / ahf/sf] km]bLdf cfkm\g} tfndf ;';fpFb} au]sf xfjf / ;efvf]nfsf] gfua]nL b[Zo klg b]Vg ;lsG5 . of] b[Zon] l;4sfnL b]jL dlGb/ bz{g ug]{ bz{gfyL{x¿nfO{ dfq xf]Og cGo :j]bzL jf ljb]zL ko{6sx¿nfO{ klg nf]EofpF5 . To;}n] t s] afns s] a"9fa"9L s] o'jfo'jtL ;a}sf] dg lhTg ;kmn l5g\, l;4sfnL b]jL .

rf/}lt/af6 v'nf dgdf]xs b[Zofjnf]sg ug{ ;lsg] eP/ g} lhNnfsf cGo wfld{s :yneGbf klg o; 7fpFdf ljz]if eL8ef8 nfUg] ub{5 . Psflt/ ko{6sLo cfsif{0f csf{lt/ wfld{s :ynsf sf/0f tGg]/L o'jfo'jtLsf] eL8efu klg oxfF sd nfUb}g . cem k|]d ug]{ k|]dL hf]8Lsf nflu t of] b]jL j/bfg g} ;fljt ePsL l5g\ . l;4sfnL b]jLsf] bz{g ugf{n] k|]ddf ;kmntf kfOG5 eGg] hgljZjf; /lx cfPsf] 5 . o;}u/L l;4sfnLsf] bz{g ugf{n] lrtfPsf] s'/f k"/f x'g], 5f]/f5f]/L gx'g]n] 5f]/f5f]/L k|fKt ug]{ ljZjf; klg /x]sf] 5 .

k"jf{~rnsf] k|l;4 dlGb/x¿dWo] Ps dflgg] of] dlGb/ P]ltxfl;s tyf wfld{s b[li6sf]0fn] dxTjk"0f{ ePsfn] oxfF b}lgs ;of}+ eQmhgx¿ bz{g ug{ cfpF5g\ . lzj/fqL, /fdgjdL, afnfrt'b{zL{ / df3];+qmflGtsf lbg oxfF eJo d]nf nfUb5 . jif{df clgjfo{ Ps k6s oxfF d]nf klg nfUb5 .

eQmhgx¿af6 b}lgs ( ;ob]lv !% xhf/ ?lkof+;Dd cfDbfgL x'g u/]sf] k'hf/Lsf] egfO{ /x]sf] 5 .  dlGb/sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu /flvPsf] hUuf hldg x]/ljrf/ ug{ !&(! ;fndf g} x§Lgfy hf]uLn] kfPsf] pNn]v 5 . of] tYofsaf6 klg w]/} klxn]b]lv of] dlGb/sf] k'hf/Lsf] hf]uL /xg] u/]sf] a'em\g ;lsG5 . dlGb/ kl/;/ cfsif{s kvf{nn] 3]l/Psf] / pQm If]qdf l;4sfnL b]jL, u0f]z, k|sfz]Zj/ dxfb]j, k~rd'vL gfu, a;fxf, l;+x, eLd;]g, lji0f', a|Xdf / lzjsf 5'§f5'§} dlGb/x¿ /x]sf 5g\ . >L :j:yfgL j|tsyfsf] cfwf/df dxfb]jsf] cfkm\gL kTgL ;tLb]jLnfO{ af]s]/ k[YjL kl/qmdf ug]{ qmddf of] 7fpFdf cfOk'Ubf bflxg] cfFvf ktg ePsf] ljZjf; ul/G5 . k"jf{~rnsf kxf8L lhNnf wgs'6f, t]¥xy'd, tfKn]h'ª / t/fO{sf lhNnfx?af6 ;d]t bz{gfyL{x¿ l;4sfnL b]jLsf] k"hfcfhf ug{ cfpF5g\ . dlGb/sf] :yfkgfsf ;DaGwdf olsg tYof+s geP klg cfzf vqL gfdsf] JolQmn] ;kgfdf l;4sfnL b]jLsf] :yfkgf ePsf] b]v]kl5 pQm dlGb/ :yfkgf ul/Psf] ljZjf; 5 .

 Ps ;o cf7 /f]kgL If]qkmndf km}lnPsf] of] dlGb/ ko{6sLo lx;fan] klg dxTjk"0f{ 5 . dlGb/ jl/kl/ ljleGg hftsf km"nsf au}+rfsf ;fy} kfgL, aQL / kf6Lkf}jfsf] Joj:yfn] ubf{ ko{6sLo :ynsf ?kdf kl/lrt of] If]qdf ko{6sx?sf] ;+Vofdf a[l4 x'g] lglZrt 5 t/ ;/sf/n] o:tf dxTjk"0f{ wfld{s tyf ko{6sLo If]qsf ljsf; nflu rf;f] /fv]sf] kfpg ;ls+b}g h;n] ubf{ o:tf dxTjk"0f{ If]q cfkm}df v'lDrP/ /xg afWo 5g\ .

PrcfO{eL ;+qmldt dlxnf klg ;Gtfg hGdfpg of]Uo

;fdflhs / kfl/jfl/s ?kdf x'g] lje]bnfO{ 36fpg / ;Gtfg hGdfpg] clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ OR5f ug]{ PrcfO{eL ;+qmldt dlxnfn] lrlsT;ssf] k/fdz{df /x]/ :j:y ;Gtfg hGdfg ;S5g\ eGg] w]/}nfO{ hfgsf/L 5}g . o;n] ubf{ ;+qmldt ePsfx?n] hGdfPsf] lzz'df klg PrcfO{eL ;+qmd0fdf x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ;dod} lrlsT;s;Fu k/fdz{ u/L lgoldt k/LIf0f u/fP/ ;'/lIft ;'Ts]/L u/fpg] xf] eg] ;+qmldt dlxnfaf6 hlGdg] aRrfdf PrcfO{eL ;+qmd0f x'g] ;Defjgf cToGt Go"g x'g] lrlsT;sx?sf] egfO{ 5 .

PrcfO{eL ;+qmd0f ePkl5 ;Gtfg hGdfpg' x'Fb}g eGg] dfGotf ;dfhdf /x]sf sf/0f slto ;Gtfg geO;s]sf] hf]8Lx¿n] hfgsf/L glbO{ /f]u n'sfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] kl/jf/sf] v'zLsf nflu ;Gtfg klg hGdfpg] ub{5g\ . pkrf/ gu/L To:tf] c;'/lIft ;'Ts]/L u/fPsf sf/0f hlGdPsf] lzz'df klg ;+qmd0f x'g] vt/f cToGt a9L x'g] / lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no df]/ªsf gj/fh ;'Ajfn] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .

lszf]/ lszf]/L of}g tyf k|hgg :jf:Yo If]qdf PrcfO{eL P8\; ;DaGwL ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu oxfF cfof]hgf ePsf] 5nkmn sfo{qmd ;ª\qmldt cfdf ue{jtL ePsf] v08df p;n] hGdfpg] lzz' ;+qmldt x'gaf6 hf]ufpg lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfxdf cf}iflw ;]jg ug'{ kg]{ hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 . Ps jif{;Dd cf}iflw ;j]g ubf{ ;+qmd0fsf] ;DefjgfnfO{ Go"g ug{ ;lsG5 . lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{nosf clgtf ;'Ajfsf cg';f/ PrcfO{eL ;+qmd0fsf] z'? cj:yf / P8\; eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf efO/;sf] ;+Vof z/L/df w]/} x'g] ePsf]n] Tolta]nf ;+qmd0fsf] hf]lvd pRr x'G5 . To;nfO{ lgoldt cf}iflwsf] k|of]un] Go"g ug{ ;lsG5 .

To:t} ;'/lIft ?kdf ;'Ts]/L u/fpg ;lsPg / cfdfsf] /ut;Fu aRrfnfO{ n;k; u/fOof] eg] klg ;+qmd0fsf] hf]lvd a9\5 / b"w ;'jfpg] ljifodf Wofg lbg] ;lsPg eg] klg aRrfdf ;+qmd0f x'g ;Sg] ePsfn] lgoldt k/fdz{ / pkrf/ lnPsf] v08df PrcfO{{eL ;+qmd0f ePsf dlxnfx¿n] ;Gtfg hGdfpg] clwsf/ /Iff ug{ ;S5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf pgLx¿ kfl/jfl/s ;fdflhs lje]baf6 hf]lug ;Sg] / pgLx¿sf ;xof]u lnP/ afFRg ;Sg] cj:yf x'g] ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] atfPsf 5g\ .

clxn] k|lt Ps xhf/ ;+qmldt dlxnfn] ;fdfGo ?kn] hGdfPsf] tLg ;o tLg hgfb]lv rf/;o $% hgf aRrfdf ;qmd0f x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . To;nfO{ :jf:YosdL{sf] lgoldt lgu/fgLdf /fVg] / cf}iflw ;]jg ug]{ xf] eg] ;+qmd0f b/ @) hgfeGbf sd x'g] atfOof] . oBlk :jf:YosdL{x¿n] eg] ;+qmd0f eO;s]sf] hf]8Lx?nfO{ ;Gtfg ghGdfpg g} ;Nnfx lbg] u/]sf 5g\ . ;Gtfg hGdfpg' dlxnfsf] clwsf/ ePsf]n] To:tf] cj:yfdf klg hlGdg] aRrfdf ;+qmd0f x'g glbg :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 kLPd6L;L6L ;]jf lrlsT;ssf] -lgoldt k/fdz{ / cf}iflw_ lng' h?/L /x]sf] lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no df]/ªsf k|d'v gh/fh ;'Ajfn] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . o;} ;Gbe{df g]kfndf Ps xhf/ (@ hgf dlxnfn] ;+qmldt cj:yfdf aRrf hGdfPsf sfo{qmddf atfOof] . g]kfndf PrecfO{eL ;+qmd0f k/LIf0f u/fP/ ;fj{hlgs ePsf] !* xhf/ JolQm dWo] %! k|ltzt dlxnf /x]sf] sfo{qmddf hfgsf/L lbOPsf] lyof] . g]kfnsf ljleGg @@ :yfgdf ;/sf/n] kLPd6L;L6L ;]jf pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 .

cltqmd0f u/L lgdf{0f ul/Psf 3/ 6x/f eTsfpg g;Sg]n] hgtfsf] 3/ eTsfpFb}
nfnk"hf{nfO{ nTofpFb} nfn;]gf Û oxL xf] x's'dL zf;g <

sf7df8f}+ ÷ /f0ffsf] x's'dL zf;geGbf klg qm'/ zf;g afa'/fdsf] eg]/ rrf{ eO/x]sf] 5 . ;of}+ jif{b]lv a:b} cfPsf, gS;f kf;u/L 3/ agfPsf / nfnk"hf{ ;d]t eO{ jif}{ lkR5] s/ ltb}{ cfPsf hgtfsf] 3/ eTsfpFb} dgk/L u/]sf]df hgcfqmf]z a9]sf] 5 . 8f]h/ / To;sf k5fl8 nfn;]gf /fvL hjh{:tL 3/ eTsfpg] sfd /fhwfgLdf ePsf] 5 .

^)! ;ef;b xf];\ jf dlGqd08ndf ;d]t s'g} dGqL s;}sf] 3/ eTs]sf] 5}g . pgLx?sf] 3/ eTsfpg] ePsf] eP cfh of] ;8s g} km/flsnf] x'g] lyPg . oqf] aj08/ g} dlRrg] lyPg . lsgeg] yfxf ePs} 5 afudtL lsgf/df hjh{:tL a;fOPsf a:tL hf] ;fj{hlgs :yn ldr]/ agfOPsf] 5, Toxf+ tf]8kmf]8 ePsf] 5}g . nfn;]gfn] cfkm" a:g ;8s sAhf ug{ x'g], o'Pgkfs{ 3]g{ x'g], gbLsf] 8Ln sAhf u/L kSsL lkn/jfnf 3/ agfpg x'g] / To:tf 3/ eTsfpg] s'/f k|fyldstfdf gk/L hgtfn] agfPsf] 3/ eTsfpg] of] s:tf] la8Dagf < olb ;8s g} km/flsnf] kfg'{ 5 eg] 6fpg KnflgË u/L sf7df8f}+ aflx/ ef/t em}+ gof+lbNnL zx/sf] :6fOndf zx/ agfpg], kfls:tfgsf] O:nfdfjfb em}+ zx/ a;fpg ;/sf/n] kxn ug'{ kb{Yof] . hfaf] ^)! hgfn] cjf}{ vr{ u/]/ Pp6f ;+ljwfg ;dodf agfpg ;s]g eg] pgLx?n] b]z agfpg ;S5g\ / <

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !( df ;DklQsf] xsnfO{ df}lns xssf ?kdf k|Tofe"t u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L wf/f !(-!_ df x/]s gful/snfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gsf] clwgdf /xL ;DklQ cfh{g ug]{, a]r ljvg ug]{ / ;DklQsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ clwsf/ lbPsf] 5 .

To:t} ;8s la:tf/ ug]{ xf] eg] ;8s P]g @)#! sf] bkmf $ n] ;fj{hlgs ;8ssf] nflu Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . t/ tL ;a}nfO{ ldr]/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] hgtfsf] 3/ tf]8kmf]8 u/]sf]df hgtf kLl8t eO{ cfqmf]lzt ag]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/sf JolQmx?n] ;fj{hlgs :yn / gbLsf] 8Ln sAhf u/L 3/ agfpg] t/ k'vf}{b]lv a;f]jf; ug]{sf]] 3/ eTsfpg] sfo{ Gofo ;+ut xf] t < af6f]sf] axfgfdf 8f]h/ cft+s ug]{x? dfly s:n] sf/jfxL ug]{ < hgtfsf] 3/ eTsfP/ sf7df8f}+sf] k|frLg :j?k eTsfpg]dfly s8f sf/jfxL x'g} kb{5 egL k|bz{gsf/L hgtfsf] dfu 5 .

df]/ªdf d'l:nd ;dflw:ynsf] hL0ff]{åf/

df]/ª ÷ oxf+l:yt d'l:nd ;d'bfon] d[t z/L/ ;'/Iffy{ ;dflw:y -sel/:tfg_ ;+/If0fsf] sfd z'? u/]sf] 5 . gu/ If]qleq /x]sf rf/j6f ;dflw:ynx? dWo] cg'h'dfg O:nfldof a'wxf6rf}s hfd] dl:hb clwg:y lj/fgu/–!& sf] cGh'g sel/:tfgsf] hL0ff]{åf/ z'? ul/Psf] 5 .  /f0ffsfndf g} lgdf{0f ePsf] !%# ld6/ nDafO{ tyf (& ld6/ rf}8fO{ If]qkmndf km}lnPsf] ;f] sel/:tfgdf nufOPsf] kvf{n ;d]t elTsP/ lrxfg c;'/lIft x'g yfn]kl5 lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] cfly{s ;xof]udf hL0ff]{åf/ sfof{/De ePsf] xf] . ;f] sel/:tfg hL0ff]{åf/sf nflu @@ nfv ?lkof+ vr{ nfUg] / ;Dk"0f{ vr{ pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] pknAw u/fpg] ;xdlt kZrft\ ;ldlt lgdf{0f u/L klxnf] r/0f cGtu{t sDkfp08jfn lgdf{0fsf] sfd yflnPsf] xf] . ;f] sDkfp08jfn sDtLdf ( lkm6 cUnf] agfOg] atfOPsf] 5 .

j}1flgs 9+un] hldgsf] Knflgª u/]/ -nfOg ldnfP/_ vfnL 7fpFdf ljlwk"j{s d[t z/L/ ufl8G5 eg] :yfg el/Pdf k'gM bf]xf]¥ofP/ klg lrofg agfpg ;lsg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . d'l:nd wd{ ;+:s[lt cg';f/ d[t z/L/nfO{ g'xfO{ w'jfO{ u/L kljq agfP/ cQ/sf] k|of]u ul/;s]kl5 8]9 ld6/ ulx/f] vf8n vg]/ ;dflw:y ug]{ rng 5 .  lj/f6gu/df d'l:nd ;d'bfosf] hg;+Vof sl/j Ps nfv /x]sf] 5 . ;f] ;d'bfoaf6 jflif{s ;fnfvfnf rf/ xhf/ hgfsf] lgwg x'G5 . log} rf/ j6f dWo] kfos kg]{ sel/:tfgdf d[ts JolQmsf] ;dflw:y ul/G5 . d'l:nd wfld{s dfGotf cg';f/ o; ;d'bfodf x'g] o:tf ;+:sf/x?df Odfd -dl:hbsf] k'hf/L_ afx]s s;}sf] klg ljz]if :yfg x'Fb}g . h:tf];'s} 7"nf] kb ePsf] JolQm jf jl/i7 /fhgLlts JolQmTj eP klg ;dflw:ynleq s'g} e]befj ul/Fb}g . kf6L{sf] 7"nf] dfG5] eP klg kf6L{ em08f cf]8fP/ sel/:tfgleq x'Ng ldNb}g . d'l:nd ;d'bfodf wd{lj?4 sfd u/]sf] jf ;fj{hlgs ck/fw k|dfl0ft x'g] sfd u/]sf] JolQmnfO{ sel/:tfgdf ;dflw:y ug{ lbOFb}g / hgfhfsf] gjfh klg kl9Fb}g . Tolt dfq xf]Og, To:tf JolQmsf] cGoq ;b\ub ul/+bf dnfdL klg ghfg] rng ljBdfg /x]sf] 5 .

d'l:nd ;d'bfosf s'g} JolQmsf] lgsf -ljjfx ljlw_ k"/f gu/L 5f]/f5f]/L hGd]/ d/]df klg To:tfsf] sel/:tfgleq :yfg x'G5 . sel/:tfg s'g} r§fgo'Qm -kSsL_ lrxfg gePsf] o;af6 jftfj/0fLo c;/ gx'g'sf ;fy} ;dflwsf lgldQ 7fpFsf] cefj klg slxNo} gx'g] d'l:nd ;d'bfosf] bfjL 5 . v'nf /fVbf lrxfgaf6 d[t z/L/ rf]/L x'g] ;DefjgfnfO{ b[li6ut u/]/ x/]s sel/:tfgdf ;'/Iffsf] e/kbf{ Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] x'G5 . lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !@ l:yt wf]ljof/L, j8f g+= ^ l:yt ;/f]lrof / j8f g+= @@ d6]/jfnf /x]sf sel/:tfgx? hg;d'bfosf kxndf ;'/lIft ul/Psf] eP klg cem Jojl:yt ug{ /fHosf] tkm{af6 ;xof]u x'g'kg]{ ;f] ;d'bfosf] dfu 5 .

cfOdfO{ lau|g] $) sf/0f

ljz]iftM k'?ifx?n] ofb gubf{ :qLx¿sf] rl/q e|i6 x'G5 . ctojM k'?ifx?n] :qLx? lju|g gkfpmg\ eg]/ o; s'/fdf Wofg lbg' kb{5 . oL s'/fdf Wofg lbP :qLx? lju|g] sd ;Defjgf x'G5 . w]/}h;f] :qLx¿ log} s'/fn] lju|G5g\ . wd{zf:qdf klg eg]sf] 5 ls–

lkt[;bgljgf;M ;+ult, k'ZrnLleM .
k|;jgdy /f]uf] af4{s{ rflt kTo' ..
lgj;lt k'/d'leM b'i6zf]n}/jZo{ .
Iflt/lk lghj[Q]of]{liftf ofqf]T;j] ;+ult–
uf]i7L k'?if;lGgwfjlgdf] jf;f] ljb]z] tyf ..
;+;u{ ;x k'ZrnLle/;s[bj[tlghfof Iflt
kTofo'jf{4{sdLlift k|j;t+ gfz:o x]t'M l:qof
bfl/b|ofb;lxi0f'tf dflngtf sfd{0o sfnfhtf .
kf?Ioftlgi'/fTk|0flogf] e"ifflgif]wfblk ..
ldYofbf]ifljzª\xgfbltzof] of]ulåof]ufgwf .
sfs{Zofåk'iff] j|hlGt lgot+ j]/fUod'Rr} l:qoM

dfOt w]/} a:gfn] Jolerfl/0fL :qLx¿sf] ;Ët ugf{n],  ljb]zdf a:gfn], /f]uL x'gfn] klg a"9f] eP, k/–k'?ifsf] ;Ët ugf{n] b'i6sf] ;+;+u{ ugf{n] cfkm\gf] cfrf/sf] Iflt x'gfn], kltsf] / klt a"9f] x'gfn] :qLx? gi6 x'G5g\ .

klt bl/b| x'gfn], ;xg gx'g g;Sg] x'gfn] klt l3gnfUbf] kmf]xf/L x'gfn], klt ;f¥x} nf]eL, 5'Rrf] x'Fbf, b]zsfnsf] l:ylt hgGbf, klt dfof ug]{ x'Fbf, klt ;f¥x} dfofsf] ufnL dfq ug]{ eP, cfkm"] eg] h:tf] n'uf uxgf gkfpFbf, gu/]sf] bf]if nfUgfn] clt d}y'g ugf{n] / d}y'g} gugf{n], klt ;+w} lgwf]{, / /f]uL eP :qLx? lj/Qm x'G5g\ / rl/q e|i6 x'G5 k'?ifx?n] oL dlfysf s'/fdf Wg lbP :qLx? lju|g kfpFb}gg\ .

s:tf :qLx¿ lau|G5g\ M

oL tn n]lvPsf] s'/fn] :qLx? lau|G5g\ . ctPj a'l4dfg k'?ifn] :qLx¿nfO{ oL s'/f ug{ glbg"–

!_ h'g :qL ;+w} 9f]sfdf ple/xG5] . @_ hf] afnljwjf x'G5g\ . #_ h;sf ;Gtfg afFRb}gg\ . $_ hf] em\ofn cyjf cfvLem\ofnaf6 af6f]df lx8\g] k'?ifx?nfO{ x]b{5g\ . %_ h;nfO{ kltn] Joyo{df 6f]s;f] / ufnL clg df/lk6;d]t ul//xG5 . ^_ h;sf] klt Jolerf/L 5 . &_ h;sf] kltn] cfkm\gL :qL;Fu csf{sL :qLsf a9L k|z+;f ub{5g\ . *_ hf] aWof x'g]5 . (_ hf] uLt jfpg, afhf ahfpg jf gfRg l;kfn' x/G5g\ . !)_ hf] nf]Ug] dflg;n] s'/f ug{ nfu]sf] ufpFdf a;]/ ;'lt/xG5g\ . !!_ hf] :qL nf]Ug] dflg;nfO{ afËf gh/n] x]b{5g\ . !@_ h'g :qL cfkm\gf b]j/x?;Fu w]/} xf;Vofn ub{5g\ . !#_ hf] csf{sf] 3/df w]/} cfpg' hfg' ub{5 . !$_ hf] cfkm"nfO{ klteGbf c;n 7fGb5] . !%_ h;nfO{ u[xgfx?sf] w]/} rfx x'G5 . !^_ hf] vfgfdf nf]eL / :jfb] x'G5. ;w} dL7f] cldnf]–lk/f] g} vfp eGb5] . !&_ h'g :qL u/Lj eP/ klt ;+w} 7fF6 kf/]/ aGb5] . !*_ h;sf] klt s'?k / kmf]xf]/L x'G5 . !(_ h;sf] klt ;fgf], /f]uL, a"9f], sfdL / h'jf8]] x'G5 . @)_ h;sf] klt w]/} h;f] klt w]/}h;f] k/b]z g} al;/xG5 . @!_ hf] :qL w]/}h;f] cfkm\gf ;fOgf] kg]{ cyjf Oi6ldq sxfF a:b5] . @_ hf] ljjfxof]uo eP/ klg cljjflxtf 5g\ . @#_ h;sf cfdf–afa' Jolerf/L / rl/q–e|i6 x'G5g\ . @$_ h'g :qL gfr x]g{ jf uLt ;'Gg hfG5g\ . @%_ hf] cToGt nfh dfGg] x'G5g\ . @^_ hf] w]/} dfOt} a:b5g\ . @&_ h;sf w]/] ;f}tf x'G5g\ . @*_ h;sf ;fyL, ldltgLx¿ rl/q e|i6 x'G5g\ . @(_ hf] d]nf tdf;f ofqfdf a/fa/ hfG5g\ . #)_ h;sf] 3/df c]gs t/xsf] dflg;x? cfO/xG5g\ . #!_ hf] csf{n] eg]sf] dflgGb . #@_ hf] cfkm\gf] dgv'zLn] sfd ub{5 . ##_ hf] PSn} klg lx+8\b5] . #$_ cfkm"eGbf dfGo 7"nf a'9fx?n] eg]sf] gdfGg] . gzf–efª, ufFhf, hfF8, /S;L clkmd OToflb vfg] . #^_ s;}sf] 8/–e/ gdfGg] . #&_ nf]Ug] dflg;x?;Fu xfF:g] / 7§f ug]{ . #*_ hlxn] hxfF dg nfUof] s;};Fu g;f]lwg hfg] . #!_ ;+w} dL7} vfpFm, /fd|f} vfpFm eGg] . $)_ b]jtf u'? a|Dxf08 >4f elQm gug]{ . o:tf jfgL ePsf :qLx¿ rfF8} g} lju|G5g\ .

dWok'/ l7dLsf] lj:s]6 hfqf M Ps rrf{

– /fdk||;fb lwtfn –

lj:s]6 hfqf eQmk'/ gu/df cf7 /ft, gf} lbg;Dd dgfOg] rng 5 . k|To]s jif{ gof{ jif{sf] rf/ lbg cl3af6 lj:s]6 hfqf z'? x'G5 . eQmk'/sf] 6f}d9Ldf /x]sf] Goftkf]n dlGb/ cufl8 /flvPsf] e}/jgfysf] /y tfGg] qmd;Fu} oxfFsf] hfqf z'? x'G5 . eQmk'/sf dWo efu dflgg] 6f}d9Lsf] kf{rtn] dlGb/ cufl8 /flvPsf] sl/j #) lkm6 cUnf] e}/jgfysf] /ynfO{ oxfFsf :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] 8f]/Ln] tfGg] ub{5g\ . o; hfqfsf] d'Vo cfsif{0f eGg' g} lnËf] p7fpg' / 9fNg' xf] . oxfFsf] Nof]l;+v]nsf] v'nf 7fpFdf lnËf] p7fpg] ul/G5 . k|To]s jif{sf] clGtd lbg o;/L p7fOPsf] lnËf]nfO{ gofF jif{sf] klxnf] lbg ;fFem 9fNg] ul/G5 . 6f}d9Lsf] Goftkf]ndf /flvPsf] e}/jgfysf] /y tfg]/ z'? x'g] hfqf j}zfvsf] kfFrf}+ lbg Goftkf]nsf] cufl8 /flvPsf] e}/jgfysf] /y tfGg] qmd;Fu} ;dflKt x'G5 .

eQmk'/df dgfOg] of] hfqfkl5 dWok'/df klg dgfOg yflnPsf] Oltxf; 5 . g]jf/x?sf] a;f]af; ePsf cGo If]qdf klg of] hfqf dgfOg] eP klg dWok'/ l7dLsf] hfqf ljz]if vfnsf] x'g] ub{5 . dWok'/ l7dLsf] la:s]6 hfqfnfO{ /fhf ljZj dNnn] lj:tf/ ug{ nufPsf] pNn]v 5 . o; e]usf ljleGg b]jL b]jtfsf #@ j6f v6sf] ;d"x agfOg hfqf ug]{ k/Dk/f 5 . Oltxf; cg';f/ /fhf ;'j0f{ dNnn] o; 7fpFnfO{ l7dL, gub]z / af]8]df ljefhg u/L a:tL a;fn]sf lyP . a:tL a;fNg] qmd;Fu} /fhf ;'j0f{ dNnsf] ;do -g]kfn ;+jt\ ^@^–^$$_ df g} o; e]usf] la:s]6 hfqf rnfOPsf] cg'dfg ul/G5 .

r}t d;fGtsf] hfqf

hfqfsf] klxnf] lbg cyf{t\ k|To]s jif{sf] d;fGtsf] lbg l7dLsf :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] cfkm\gf] 3/sf] d"n9f]sf cufl8sf b]jtf s'df/ ;fd' bfp/f afNg] ub{5g\ . o;} qmddf nfo\s' b/jf/sf] d"n9f]sf cufl8 / k|d'v l;sfnL dlGb/sf] cufl8 klg ToxL k|lqmof ckgfOG5 . o;} lbg l7dL gu/sf] ;a}eGbf h]7f JolQmsf] 3/af6 afns'df/L b]jtfsf] u/uxgf hfqf lgsfnL afns'df/L dlGb/nfO{ l;Fufl/G5 . ;fFemdf lji0f'jL/ b]jtfsf] k|bz{g ug]{ hfqf x]g{ :yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿sf] 3'OFrf] nfU5 .

lj:s]6 hfqfsf] bf];|f] lbg cyf{t\ gofFjif{ j}zfv ! ut]sf] hfqfnfO{ :yfgLo efiffdf ærfGx]l;of hfqfÆ elgG5 . /flt sl/j @ ah]lt/ afns'df/LnfO{ nfo\s'leq /x]sf] tn]h'nfO{ b]jtfsf] cf;gdf /flvG5 . of] cf;g u|x0f u/fpg] rng s'g} Ps lglZrt ;fOt x]/]/ ljlwjt\ ?kdf ul/G5 / vtdf /flvG5 . o; qmddf aQL afnL lwd], sfFo\ cflb g]jf/L afhf ahfP/ pQm v6nfO{ afns'df/L dlGb/leq /flvG5 . afnsGofx?n] cf–cfkm\gf dgf]sf+Iff k"/f xf]; eg]/ dlGb/ kl/qmdf ug]{ ub{5g\ .

afns'df/LnfO{ o; :yfgdf /flvPkl5 ;f] hfqfsf] 6f]nL blIf0faf/fxL clhdf cflbnfO{ lng b]jtf 3/df hfG5 / ;a} b]jtfsf v6nfO{ blIf0f af/fxLdf NofO{ hfqf ul/G5 . o;/L kl/qmdf u/L z+vw/rf]s, afns'df/L psfnf], t5F'6f]n, ;'ufF6f]n x'Fb} afns'df/L dlGb/nfO{ kl/qmdf ul/G5 . dlGb/ kl/;/df ehg ;d"xn] ehg ub{5g\ . gofF laxfgLsf] ldld{/];Fu} b]jtfx¿sf] v6 afns'df/Lsf] bfofFafofF /x]sf] cf–cfkm\gf] cf;gdf lj/fhdfg u/fOG5 . /flqsf] hfqf cyf{t\ gj jif{sf] z'ef/De;Fu} ul/g] hfqf lj;h{g ul/G5 / k"hfcfhfsf nflu eQmhgx¿sf] eL8 nfUg yfN5 .

j}zfv ;ª\qmflGtsf] hfqf

gj jif{ j}zfv ! ut]sf] hfqfnfO{ ;fFemfsf] hfqf klg eGg] ul/G5 . o; lbg l7dL gu/sf :yfgLo u0f]z b]jtf nufot c? b]jtfu0fsf v6x¿df k"hf ul/G5 . o; cl3 afns'df/L dlGb/sf] k"j{ lbzfaf6 afns'df/LnfO{ rfdnsf] kL7f]af6 lgld{t of]d/L r9fOG5 . dlGb/leq gk;L aflx/ kg{ cfPsf] of]d/L olb s'g} JolQmn] ;dfpg ;Sof] eg] p;nfO{ ;Gtg nfe x'g] ljZjf; :yfgLo a[4j[4fdf /x]sf] 5 . o; lbg ;fFemdf ljz]if u/L lji0f'jL/ / l;l4sfnLsf] hfqf eJo ?kn] dgfO{G5 .

l;Gb"/ hfqf

j}zfv ;ª\qmflGtsf] ef]lnkN6 dgfOg] of] hfqfdf klxn] klxn] klg l7dL If]qsf] @# v6 / gub]z, af]8] / l6ugLaf6 gf} v6 NofOGYof] . #@ v6sf] hfqf ul/g] rng eP klg ljleGg sf/0fn] ubf{ xfnsf] hfqfdf !(–@) v6sf] dfq hfqf ul/g] :yfgLo afl;Gbf atfpF5g\ . l;l4sfnL klg cfkm\gf u0fx¿;lxt laxfg} cfkm\gf] :yfgaf6 hfqfsf nflu e'nfFv]n, rf]8]6f]n / b'O{ kf]v/L x'Fb} afns'df/Lsf] kl/;/df e]nf x'G5g\ . g]jf/L afhfsf] u'~hg;Fu} cfsif{s aQLsf] Hof]lt, b]jtfsf] v6x¿, snfTds 5ftfx¿ 3'dfpFb} ljzfn hg;d'bfo l;Gb"/ v]Nb} hfqfdf ;l/s x'G5g\ . afns'df/L dlGb/sf] kl/;/df ;Dk"0f{ b]jtfu0fx? e]nf u/fP/ ul/g] of] hfqf l7dLsf] cToGt nf]slk|o dflgG5 .

gub]zsf] l;l4u0f]z hfqf

gub]zdf klg lj:s]6 hfqfsf] klxnf] lbg cyf{t\ k|To]s ;fnsf] d;fGtsf] lbgnfO{ gub]zsf] ehg ;d"xn] l;l4u0f]z dlGb/sf] kl/;/df ehgsLt{g u/L /flt l;l4u0f]znfO{ k/dk/f cg';f/ Pstn] v6df /fv]/ ljleGg afhfufhf;lxt aQL afnL b]jtf 3/af6 nfl56f]nl:yt l;l4u0f]zsf] dlGb/df /flvG5 . l;l4u0f]zsf] hfqfsf] bf];|f] lbg lwd]afhf sfFo\ afhf, e':ofafhfx¿ ahfP/ l;l4u0f]znfO{ v6df /fvL lbpF;f] :yfgLo dflg;x?n] ;u'g vfG5g\ . gj jif{sf] lbg ljleGg bjL b]jtfsf] v6 k"hf ug{ xhf/f}+sf] ;+Vofdf :yfgLo afl;Gbf e]nf eO{ afhfufhfsf ;fy gub]z l7dL af]8], l6ugLsf ljleGg :yfgx¿df nuL hfqf ul/G5 . /ftsf] sl/j ( ah]lt/ l;l4u0f]z dlGb/sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] ljleGg u'7Lsf u'7Lof/x¿n] ug'{ kg]{ lgod cg';f/ ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ljlwx¿ ul/;s]kl5 dlGb/nfO{ tLg kN6 kl/qmdf u/L gub]zsf ljleGg 6f]ndf hfqf ul/G5 . To;kl5 eujfg a'4sf] r}To;Fu} /x]sf] 8jnLdf lj>fd u/fO{G5 .

t];|f] ljxfg ;a]/} ehg d08nsf] lhDdf /x]sf] v6 gub]zsf ljleGg 6f]ndf kl/qmdf u/fO;s]kl5 l7dLsf] nfo\s'af6 / hfqfsf nflu cfdGq0f u/] adf]lhd nfo\s'af6 vl6Psf JolQmx¿n] l;Gb"/ r9fO;s]kl5 hfqf k|f/De x'G5 . o; kZrft\ l7dLsf] afns'df/Ldf nuL c? b]jtf;Fu} hfqf ul/G5 . ljljw afhfufhf ;lxt l;Gb"/ v]nL af]8]af/fxL / l6ugLdf nuL hfqf ;DkGg ul/G5 .

af]8]sf] lha|f] 5]8\g] hfqf

af]8]df dgfOg] lha|f] 5]8\g] hfqf klg l7dL gub]zleq dgfOg] hfqf h:t} tLg lbg] g} dgfOG5 . t/ klg d'Vo cfsif{0f eg]s]f lha|f] 5]8\g] hfqf g} xf] . z'?sf] lbg dxfnIdL dlGb/sf] 7Ls ;fd'Gg] lnËf] 78\ofP/ hfqfsf] cf/De ul/G5 . lj:s]6 hfqfsf] cj;/df dgfOg] of] hfqf af]8]sf] df}lns / hLjGt ;f+:s[lts kj{ xf] .

@&=% s/f]8sf] k;{

st} k;ndf /flvPsf] of] k;{ tkfO{nfO{ dg k/]/ lsGg rfxg' eof] eg] slt ?lkofF;Dd ltg{ tof/ x'g' x'G5 < Ps xhf/ < b'O{ xhf/ < bz xhf/ < ;fFRr} g} tkfO{nfO{ of] k;{ dg k¥of] eg] sl/j @* s/f]8 ?lkof+ e'Qmfg ug'{ kg]{ 5 . xf], ljZjs} ;a}eGbf dxFuf] k;{ ePsf] lulgh jN8{ l/s8{;\n] hgfPsf] 5 .

stf/sf] bf]xfdf ;DkGg bf]xf Hj]n/L P08 jfr]; PlShlj;gdf /flvPsf] …b df]pjfb !))! gfO6\;_ 8fod08 k;{Ú gfd lbOPsf] pQm k;{ !* Sof/]6 ;'gaf6 ag]sf] 5 To;df rf/ xhf/ %!& j6f xL/f hl8Psf 5g\ . pQm k;{sf] df]n #* nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ cyf{t\ g]kfnL sl/j @& s/f]8 %% nfv ?lkof+ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

hv]/f tfnsf] u'?of]hgf cnkq

ko{6sLo If]q hv]/f tfnsf] ljsf;sf nflu eGb} :yfgLo ;+/If0f ;ldltn] ;f+:s[lts dxf]T;jsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . tfn If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu b'O{ jif{ cl3 tof/ kfl/Psf] u'?of]hgf cnkq k/]sf] 5 . u'?of]hgf cg';f/ tfn If]qdf ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . b'O{ jif{ cl3 lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, ko{6g af]8{ / tfn ;+/If0f ;ldltsf] ;+o'Qm nufgLdf Ps s/f]8 @# nfv @! xhf/ ?lkof+ a/fa/sf] u'?of]hgf tof/ kf/] klg To;df pNn]v ePsf ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f / ;|f]t ;+sngdf s;}sf] Wofg hfg g;Sbf u'?of]hgf ;+/If0f ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lsf] afs;df ylGsPsf] 5 .

u'?of]hgf t aGof] t/ To;df pNn]v eP cg';f/sf] ljsf; lgdf{0f ;DaGwL sfd ;+/If0f ;ldltn] PSn} ug{ g;Sg] ePsfn] ah]6sf] Joj:yf gx'Fbf u'?of]hgf afs;df ylGsPsf] xf] . u'?of]hgfdf hv]/f tfn If]qsf] lj:tf/, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ yk, Eo' 6fj/ lgdf{0f, kvf{n lgdf{0f, afnaflnsf nflu 5'§} kfs{ lgdf{0f, yk jgef]hg :6n, ldlg kfs{ uf8]{g kfs{, l/ª /f]8, ;8s sfnf]kq], tfn If]qdf ljB'tLs/0f nufotsf sfo{ ug]{ elgP klg ah]6 gx'Fbf of]hgf cnkq k/]sf] 5 . kmf§km'§ cfpg] ah]6n] ;fgfltgf sfd ug]{ u/]sf] s'/f ;ldltsf ;Nnfxfsf/ e'j]gZj/ clwsf/L eGg' x'G5 . u'?of]hgf cg';f/ sfd ug{ ah]6 dflyaf6} Joj:Yff x'g'k5{ .

hv]/f tfnsf] ljsf;sf] lglDt cfly{s jif{ @)^^÷)^& df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, ko{6g af]8{ / tfn ;+/If0f ;ldltn] ;+o'Qm ?kdf u'?of]hgf lgdf{0f u/]sf x'g\ t/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] u'?of]hgfaf/] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / ko{6g af]8{n] klg ;f]wvf]h u/]sf] 5}gg\ . hv]/f tfn If]qsf] ult utjif{ ko{6g af]8{af6 kfFr nfv ?lkof+ 5'6\ofOPsf] lyof] . Tof] /sd kvf{n / zf}rfno lgdf{0fdf vr{ ePsf] ;ldlt atfpF5 t/ zf}rfno lgdf{0f k"/f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

To;}u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] pknAw u/fPsf] tLg nfv ?lkof+n] tfn If]q;Dd ljB'tLs/0f u/]sf] ;ldltn] hgfPsf] 5 . cfGtl/s ;|f]t eg]sf] df5f ljqmL / 8'Ëf ;o/af6 p7\g] /sd xf] . tfnsf] ;+/If0fdf of] k};f l7Ss x'G5 cGo ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{ ug{ ;ldltn] cfkm} ;Sb}g .

b'3{6gf 36\of], a]/f]huf/L a9\of]

sf7df8f}+ ÷ 6«flkms k|x/Ln] ;~rfng u/]sf] dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg -dfk;]_ sf/jfxLaf/] ;DalGwt If]qsf JolQmx?n] ldl>t k|ltlqmof lbPsf 5g\\ . ldl8of] lehg g]kfnåf/f /fhwfgLdf cfof]lht ld6 b k|]; sfo{qmddf dxfgu/Lo 6«flkms k|x/L dxfzfvf k|d'v gfoj k|x/L dxflg/LIfsn] o; sf/jfxLn] ;dfhsf ljs[lt / lj;+ult Go"g u/]sf] bfjL ug'{ eof] .

dfk;] sf/jfxLsf] p2]Zo /fhZj ;+sng dfq geO{ ;dfhnfO{ ;'wfg]{ /x]sf] atfpFb} Hofg u'dfpg], c+ue+usf ;fy} ;jf/L b'3{6gf ;d]t pNn]vgLo sdL cfPsf] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . g]kfn k|x/L P]g cg';f/g} dfk;] sf/jfxL eO/x]sf] atfpFb} dfk;] sf/jfxLsf] hl/jfgf bz xhf/;Dd x'g'kg]{ xfn o; cGtu{t Ps xhf/ %) ?lkof+ hl/jfgf ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .

o:t}, xf]6]n /]:6'/]G6 Joj;foL ;+3sf cWoIfn] dfk;] sf/jfxLn] ;dfh ;'wf/sf] If]qdf ;sf/fTds eP klg o;n] xhf/f}+ g]kfnLnfO{ a]/f]huf/ ePsf] atfpg' eof] . /flqsfnLg Joj;foL ;+3sf cWoIfn] o; dfk;]] sf/jfxLsf sf/0f /flq Joj;fo w/fzfoL aGb} uPsf] atfpg' eof] . pxfFn] o; sf/jfxLn] xhf/f}+ JolQmsf]  /f]huf/L u'Dg] / hLjg wfGg g;sL afWo eP/ cfk/flws sfo{df nfUg] 5g\ .

(# s/f]8 cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw x'g]

a]nfot ;/sf/ cGtu{tsf] cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ljefu 8L=Pkm=cfO=8L= n] (# s/f]u ?k}of+ a/fa/sf] cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] ePsf] 5 . ;f] k|fljlws ;xof]u g]kfn k|x/Lsf] cfw'lgsL–s/0fdf vr{ ul/g] 5 . !$ j6f lhNnfdf k|x/Lsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f ug]{ u/L # jif]{ sfo{qmd cufl8 a9fpg] s'/f cy{dGqfnoåf/f hf/L k|]; lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 .

k|x/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg] pgLx?sf] Ifdtf a[l4 ug]{ / hgd'vL tyf ;]jfbfoL agfpg] s'/f sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z 5g\ . ;xof]u ;DaGwL ;Demf}tfdf cy{ dGqfnosf ;x;lrj nfnz+s/ l3ld/]n] / l8PkmcfO{8Lsf k|d'v uf]ldlgs cf] lgnn] x:tfIf/ ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

bf]nvfdf dlR5Gb|gfysf] /yofqf z'?

bf]nvf ÷ bf]nvf zx/df k/Dk/fut ?kdf dgfOFb} cfPsf] dlR5Gb|gfysf] /yofqf z'? ePsf] 5 . zx/sf lk+un, gS5], sf]5]{, 6Fl;rf, dflyNnf] b'+un / lk+un 6f]ndf af; /fvL ;ft lbg;Dd /y 3'dfpg] rng 5 .
/fhwfgLdf ;d]t x'g] of] /y ofqf oxfF eg] psfnL, cf]/fnL / cK7\of/f af6f]af6 tflgg] ePsf sf/0f bz{gfyL{sf] 3'OFrf] nfUg] u5{g\ . s?0ff, nf]s sNof0fsf/L / ;xsfnsf] b]jtf ePsfn] :yfgLo dlxnf lbge/ lg/fxf/ a;L dlR5Gb|gfysf] a|t klg a:5g\ .

kfFr xhf/ hl/jfgf

lxn] ÷  g]kfnL /fli6«o kf]zfs bf}/f ;'?jfn / 6f]kL nufpg] k|rng x/fO/x]sf] cj:yfdf wgs'6fsf] lxn]l:yt a|b/x'8 g]kfndf eg] /fli6«o kf]zfs gnufPdf kfFr xhf/ Ps ?lkof+ hl/jfgf ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .  :yfgLo o'jf ;d"xsf] afx'Notf /x]sf] a|b/x'8 g]kfnn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] s'g} klg cf}krfl/s sfo{qmdx?df ;+:yfsf ;b:ox?n] bf}/f ;'?jft clgjfo{ ul/Psf]\ 5 . bf}/f–;'?jfn s;}n] gnufPsf] kfOPdf ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ kfFr xhf/ Ps ?lkof+ hl/jfgf lt/fpg] ul/Psf] 5 .

xfdL g]kfnL xf}+, oxfF hlGdof}+, snf ;+:s[lt, / k/Dk/fsf] nf]k eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf of] unt k|j[lQmnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ g]kfnL /fli6«o kf]zfs bf}/f ;'?jfn clgjfo{ ul/Psf] xf] .

cfFvf pkrf/df csf]{ km8\sf]

sf7df8f}+ ÷ cfFvf pkrf/sf If]qdf Pskl5 csf]{ k|ljlws leq\ofpFb} cfPsf] ltnu+uf cfFvf c:ktfnn] cTofw'lgs n]h/ k|ljlwdfkm{t cfFvfsf] zNolqmof z'? u/]sf] 5 . n]h/ ;h{/Ldfkm{t cfFvfsf] zNolqmo u/]kl5 sG6]G6 n]G; jf kfj/jfnf r:df gnufP/} klg /fd|/L b]Vg ;lsG5 . of] k|ljlwdfkm{t cfFvfsf] pkrf/ g]kfndf klxnf]k6s z'? ul/Psf] 5 . cfFvfsf] gfgLleq /x]sf] /]l6gf 5]Sg] kq x6fP/ b[li6 ;Gt'lnt kfg]{ n]h/ ;h{/L ljZjsf cGo b]zsf] t'ngfdf of] ;]jf g]kfndf Psbd} ;:tf] ePsf] c:ktfnn] hgfPsf] 5 .

of] k|ljlwdfkm{t cfFvfsf] zNolqmof ubf{ $% xhf/b]lv %) xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd vr{ nfUg] c:ktfnn] hgfPsf] 5 . of] ljZjsf cGo b]zdf of] k|ljlw dx+uf] 5 .

/fhlszf]/ ;~rf/ dGqLdf lgo'lQm

sf7df8f}+ . k|wfgdGqL 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{n] dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d u0ftflGqssf sfo{jfxs cWoIf /fhlszf]/ ofbjnfO{ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/dGqL / ;xdxfdGqL csafn cxdb zfxnfO{ s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqLdf lgo'Qm u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx? b'j} hgfn] ;f]daf/ g} kb tyf uf]kgLtfsf] zky lnPsf lyP . of] lj:tf/;Fu} dlGqd08n km]l/ $( ;b:oLo aGg k'u]sf] 5 .

(# s/f]8 cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw x'g]

a]nfot ;/sf/ cGtu{tsf] cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ljefu 8L=Pkm=cfO=8L= n] (# s/f]u ?k}of+ a/fa/sf] cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] ePsf] 5 . ;f] k|fljlws ;xof]u g]kfn k|x/Lsf] cfw'lgsL–s/0fdf vr{ ul/g] 5 . !$ j6f lhNnfdf k|x/Lsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f ug]{ u/L # jif]{ sfo{qmd cufl8 a9fpg] s'/f cy{dGqfnoåf/f hf/L k|]; lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 .

k|x/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg] pgLx?sf] Ifdtf a[l4 ug]{ / hgd'vL tyf ;]jfbfoL agfpg] s'/f sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z 5g\ . ;xof]u ;DaGwL ;Demf}tfdf cy{ dGqfnosf ;x;lrj nfnz+s/ l3ld/]n] / l8PkmcfO{8Lsf k|d'v uf]ldlgs cf] lgnn] x:tfIf/ ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .