jif{ $* cÍ !@, @)^( efb| ! ut] z'qmaf/

­– o'j/fh clwsf/L, k'Nrf]s, nlntk'/

cGt/f{li6«o lbj;sf] ?kdf dgfpg] o'jf lbj; !@ cui6 ljZje/ dgfpg] ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfndf ;g\ @))$ b]lv o; lbj;sf] ;'?cft ul/Psf] xf] . o;k6s ;d[4 ljZj lgdf{0fdf o'jf;+usf] ;fem]bf/L eGb} !# cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o o'jf lbj; dgfOof] . ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] dxf;efn] ;g\ !((( df o'jf lbj; dgfpg] ljifo kfl/t u/]kl5 k|To]s jif{ !@ cui6nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o o'jf lbj;sf] ?kdf dgfOb}+ cfPsf] 5 .

b]zsf] cd"No uxgfsf] ?kdf /x]sf o'jfnfO{ g]kfnn] eg] lrGg ;s]sf] 5}g . ljZjsf] Oltxf;nfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] klg x/]s kl/jt{gdf o'jfs} ;zQm e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . o'jfx?sf] ;xsfo{ ;xefuL lagf s'g}klg d'n's ;d[4 aGg ;Sb}g . a]/f]huf/ / ul/aL s} sf/0f nfvf}+ g]kfnL o'jf ljb]z knfog ePsf] cj:yf 5 . a}b]zLs /f]huf/ ljefusf] ut jif{sf] tYof+s x]g]{ xf] eg] jflif{s nueu bz nfv o'jf ljZjsf ljleGg d'n'sdf /f]huf/Lsf nflu uPsf 5g . o'jf dGqfnosf] cf+s8f cg';f/ !$ b]lv $) jif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf o'jf s"n hg;+Vofsf] #*=*% k|ltzt o'jf 5g . tLg s/f]8 hg;+Vof dWo] Ps s/f]8 5}+;7L nfv a/fa/ o'jf 5g\ . ljb]zLg] o'jf k|foM ljb]zdf g} knfog eO{/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . oxL cj:yf /lx/xg] xf] eg] g]kfn Pslbg o'jfljxLg b]z gaGnf  eGg ;lsGg .

oL tYox? / oyfy{ x]bf{ p:t} 5 lsgsL, g]kfnsf u|fdL0fb]lv zx/L If]q;Dd 3/sf] ! hgf b]lv ;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/ g} ljb]z knfog ePsf] cj:yf 5 . o:tf] cj:yf b]Vbf b]Vb} ;/sf/n] ljz]if u/L o'jf s]lGb|t bL3{sfnLg sfo{s|d Nofpg g;Sg' cfkm}df lj8Dagf xf] . ljleGg gf/f / efif0f h]] u/]klg o'jfnfO{ b]zd} /f]huf/sf] cj:yf ;[hgf gug'{ lj8Dagf g} xf] . bIf, cw{bIf / cbIf h'g o'jf ljb]z uPklg b]zsf] cfly{s tyf /]ld6\ofG;df ;'wf/t xf]nf t/ of] :nf] kf]Ohg xf] . o;n] bL3{sfnLg c;/ k'Ug] lglZrt k|fo 5 .

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# xf]; of ;/sf/n] ljleGg ;dodf NofPsf of]hgf jf /fli6«o o'jf gLlt @)^^ s'g}klg ;kmn ePsf 5}gg\ . o'jf /fi6«sf] d]?b08 ePklg ;jf{ËL0f ljsf; ePsf] 5}g . o'jfsf] Ifdtfsf] cjd"Nog ePsf] 5, To;}n] o'jfnfO{ ljsf;sf] d"nwf/df k|jfx ul/g' k5{ . o'jfx?sf] cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] kl/k"lt{, ;dfgtf tyf ;dtfd'ns ljt/0fsf] l;4fGt, ljZjJofkL dfgj clwsf/sf] l;4fGt, ;x cl:tTj / ;+/If0f h:tf d"NodfGotfsf] l;4fGt cg';f/ o'jf s]Gb|Lt sfo{s|d cjnDag gubf{;Dd lbj; dfq dgfP/ s'g} cy{ 5}g . h;sf] pbfx/0f cfh;Dd dgfOPsf] !# j6f lbj;sf] pknlAwxLg / c;kmntfnfO{ x]g{ ;lsG5 . To;}n] o:tf pknlAwlxg gf/fsf] s'g} t's / ;fy{stf b]lv+b}g .

/f]huf/L >[hgfdf ;d:of

sf7df8f}+ ÷ pk/fi6«klt k/dfgGb emfn] o'jfx?sf] ;lqmo / cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf lagf s'g} klg b]zn] cfly{s, ;fdflhs / /fhgLlts ljsf; ug{ g;Sg] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . !#cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o o'jf lbj;sf] cj;/df o'jf tyf v]ns"b dGqfnoåf/f cfof]lht o'jf lbj; pb\3f6gsf qmddf pk/fi6«klt emfn] ;f] s'/f atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
cfly{s ljsf; / ;d[l4 lagf o'jfx?sf] dfunfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ g;lsg] eGb} pk/fi6«klt emfn] /fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf sf/0f afXo / cfGtl/s nufgL ;d]t cfpg g;s]sfn] /f]huf/L l;h{gfdf ;d:of b]lvPsf] atfpg' eof] . g]kfnsf] /fli6«o o'jf gLlt @)^^ n] !^ jif{b]lv $) jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf nflu o'jfsf ?kdf kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 h; cg';f/ o'jf ;d"xdf s"n hg;+Vofsf] ^* bzdnj *% k|ltzt o'jfx? /x]sf] tYof+sn] b]vfpFb5 .

k|ltjif{ em08} $ nfv o'jfx? >d ahf/sf nflu tof/ x'g] eP klg To; cg'?ksf] /f]huf/L l;h{gf gx'Fbf clwsf+z o'jfx? /f]huf/Lsf] vf]hLdf ljb]lzg' afWo 5g\ . @)%* sf] u0fgf cg';f/ g]kfndf &) bzdnj ! k|ltzt o'jf dfq ;fIf/ /x]sf 5g\ . o'jfx?df s'nt, a]/f]huf/L, clzIff, cfk/flws lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUgtf h:tf s'/fx? a9\b} uPsf 5g\ .

@@ xhf/eGbf a9L dlxnf ljb]lzP

sf7df8f}+ ÷ uPsf] jif{ j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg] dlxnfx? @@ xhf/ ( ;o %* k'u]sf] 5 . of] ;+Vof cl3Nnf] jif{sf] eGbf bf]Aj/ /x]sf] xf] . s'j]t, o'gfO6]8 c/a Old/]6\; / dn]l;ofdf a9L dlxnf sfdbf/ hfg] u/]sf 5g\ . ;f] cjlwdf ;+:yfut eGbf a9L JolQmut k|of;df !^ xhf/ hgf j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf uPsf 5g\ .

o;/L JolQmut ?kdf vfl8sf d'n'sdf dlxnf sfdbf/ hfg] qmd a9]kl5 ;/sf/n] tL b]zdf hfg] dlxnfx?sf] pd]/ xb #) jif{ tf]ls lbPsf] 5 . cGo b]z hfg pd]/ xb gnfUg] / vfl8s} d'n'sd} eP klg pBf]u / Jofkfl/s k|lti7fgdf sfd ug{ hfg] dlxnf sfdbf/sf xsdf eg] pd]/ xb gnfUg] >d tyf /f]huf/ dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 .

/]Nj]df nfk/jfxL a9\of]

hgsk'/ . hgsk'/ /]nsf] OlGhg rfns lag} hogu/af6 u'8]/ hgsk'/ cfOk'u]sf] 36gfdf /]n Joj:yfkgsf] nfk/jfxL ePsf] cg'udgaf6 b]lvPsf] 5 . ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqfnon] u7g u/]sf] lj1 ;lxtsf] tL ;b:oLo 6f]nLn] :ynut cg'udgkl5 o:tf] tYo km]nf kf/]sf] xf] . dGqfnon] 36gfsf] ef]lnkN6} g]kfn /]Nj] tyf d]6«f] cfof]hgfsf k|d'v 6]s/fh af]x/fsf] g]t[Tjdf cg'udg ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] lyof] . ;ldltn] 36gfaf/] k|ltj]bg dGqfnodf a'emfPsf] 5 .

/]nsf rfns, ;xrfns, OlGhlgo/ nufot ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] pkl:yltdf ;ldltn] /]nsf] OlGhg :6f6{ u/L cufl8 k5fl8 rnfP/ x]/]sf] lyof] . /]n :6f6{ ubf{ luo/d} /x]sf] b]lvPsf] lyof] . o; cl3 ;xrfns vTj]n] Go"6«n cj:yfd} /]n u'8]sf] bfjL ub}{ cfPsf  lyP . OlGhgdf s'g} v/faL gb]lvPkl5 tTsfn ;~rfngdf Nofpg sd{rf/LnfO{ lgb]{zg lbP . Pp6f bIf rfnsn] ug]{ sfd ;xrfnsnfO{ ;'Dk]/ Joj:yfkg kIfn] b]vfPsf] nfk/jfxLn] 36gf ePsf] xf] .

/]n rfnssf] cg'kl:yltdf ;xrfnsn] cfjZos 1fgsf] cefjdf rnfPkl5 To:tf] 36gf x'g uPsf] cg'udg ;ldltsf ;b:o xl/lszf]/ rGb|j+zLn] atfP . 36gf ePsf] lbgb]lv h:tfsf] To:t} grnfP/ /flvPsf] OlGhg cg'udg 6f]nLn] :6f6{ u/]kl5 luo/ -6«fG;ld;g cg_ d} /x]sf] b]lvof] .

rfnssf] cg'kl:yltdf ;xrfns hubLz vTj]n] hgsk'/af6 /]n rnfP/ hugu/ k'u]kl5 d]lzg aGb u/] klg 6«fG;ld;g aGb ug]{ yfxf gkfP/ To;} 5f8]sf lyP . hogu/af6 kmls{g] a]nf ePkl5 k'gM luo/d} d]lzg cg u/]/ ;]lG8ª ug{ /fls/x]sf] cj:yfdf PSsfl;t u'8]sf] lyof] . u'8\\bf klg z'?df ;fdfGo cj:yfdf /x]sf] OlGhg rfns gx'Fbf sDk|]z/ a9\b} uPkl5 ult klg ;f]xL cg';f/ a9]sf] lyof] . ;fdfGotof k|lt306f !)–!@ lsnf]ld6/ u'8\g] / /]n ;f] lbg $)–%) lsnf]ld6/sf] ultdf u'8]sf] lyof] .

;+3Lotf rfxg] / grfxg] aLr b'/L a9\b} . gofF ;xdltsf] vf]hL
sf+u|]; / Pdfcf]jfbL Ps csf{sf zq' M Pdfn] k'R5/

sf7df8f}+ . ;xdlt / ;xsfo{ h:tf zAbsf] dGq /6\b} uf]nd]r j}7s cfof]hgf u/]sf dfcf]jfbL g]tf df]xg j}B ls/0fn] of] ;ftf 7"nf–;fgf ;a} bnsf g]tfx?nfO{ Ps} ynf]df hDdf u/L ;a}sf] ljrf/ a'em\g] k|of; ug'{ eof] . pxfFn] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng g} clxn]sf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] af6f] x'g] eGb} cfP klg of] ;ftf nlntk'/df ;DkGg uf]nd]r j}7sn] kf6L{x?aLr åGb, emu8f, n8fOF / b'/L a9fpg] sfd u/]sf] :ki6 eof] . ;f] j}7sdf PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLn] sf+u|]; g]t[Tjdf r'gfjL ;/sf/ u7g ug{ c:jLsf/ dfq u/]gg\ Pdfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08n] :jtGq JolQmsf] g]t[Tjdf r'gfjL ;/sf/ u7g ug{ ;xdlt hgfPkl5 sf+u|];Lx? qm'4 ePsf 5g\ . k|r08n] kfFr a'Fb] ;xdltsf] cf}lrTo ;lsPsf] hgfpFb} lgjf{rgdf hfg] xf] eg] sf+u|];sf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ agfpg glbg] k|r08n] v'n]/ eg]sf 5g\ . hals o; cl3 k|r08n] sf+u|];nfO{ k|lqmof k'¥ofP/ ;Qf x:tfGt/0f ug]{ eg]sf x'g\ .

uf]nd]r a}7sdf Pdfn] cWoIf emngfy vgfn / sf+u|]; pk;efklt /fdrGb| kf}8]n ;xefuL ePs} a]nf sf+u|];sf] s6' cfnf]rgf ub]{ k|r08n] gofF ;xdltdf ;femf g]t[Tj, :jtGq JolQmsf] g]t[Tjdf r'gfj u/fpg ;/sf/ agfP dfq ljsNkx? :jLsf/ ug]{ atfP/ Pdfn]nfO{ sf+u|];sf] k'R5/ g} ;fljt ug]{ e/k'/ k|of; u/] .

k"j{ GofofwLz, a'l4hLjL, ;fgf kf6L{sf g]tf jf gful/s cfGbf]ngsf] cu'jfsf] g]t[Tjdf r'gfj u/fpg] ;/sf/ agfpg ;xdltdf k'Ug Pdfcf]jfbL c8fgnfO{ :jLsf/ gug]{nfO{ k|r08n] Ps k6s km]l/ cfGbf]ngdf uP/ ;a} s'/f l5gf]kmfgf] ug{ 3'sL{ klg lbPsf lyP . k|r08n] cfkm" klg tof/ x'g] sf+u|]; nufotsf bnx?nfO{ cfGbf]ngsf nflu tof/ /xg ;d]t eg]/ r'gf}tL g} lbPsf 5g\ . oltv]/ klxrfgsf] cfwf/df ;+3Lotf rfxg] / grfxg] aLrdf ljjfb a9\b} hfg' / sf+u|]; bfh' efO{ Ps cfk;df n8]/ k|wfgdGqLsf] bfjL ul//x]sf] cj:yfd} /fdrGb| kf}8]nn] !& k6s k|wfgdGqLsf] lgjf{rgdf k/flht ePkl5 klg km]l/ k|wfgdGqLsf] bfjL ;lxt k|r08 cufl8 lg/Lx eP/ km]l/ k|=d=sf] ofrgf ul//xg' ljrf/0fLo 5 . ;+3Lotf grfxg] sf+u|]; Pdfn] eg] k|r08n] ;+3Lotf rfxg]x?sf] df]rf{ agfP/ kl5 sf+u|]; Pdfn] / ;+3Lotf grfxg]x? 56k6fpg yfn]sf 5g\ . ;+3Lotf ;lxtsf] /fHosf] k'g;+{/rgf af/] df]xg j}B ls/0fn] k|:t't u/]sf] sfo{kq k|r08n] rnfvLk"j{s ;xdlt hgfPsf] 5 . j}Bn] p;sf] kf6L{sf] cl:tTj :jLsf/]df ;+ljwfg;ef k'g:yf{kgfdf ;xdlt hgfpg ;lsg] hgfp lbPsf] lyof] .

;+ljwfgsf ljjflbt ljifodf s'g cfwf/df s;/L ;xdlt ug]{ < af/]df 7f]; ljrf/ gcfPtf klg ljutdf ;xdlt ePsf ljifonfO{ ;+:yfut u/L cl3 a9\g' kg]{ hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] . sf+u|];nfO{ g]t[Tj ug{ glbg] k|r08sf] egfO{k|lt olt a]nf sf+u|]; ;efklt ;'lzn sf]O/fnf qm'4 x'g' ePsf] 5 pxfFn] g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ r'gfjL ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj ug{ lbGgf}+ eGg] k|r08 sf] x'g\ < egL k|Zg ul//xg' ePsf] 5 . sf]O/fnf eGb5g\– k|r08sf] tfut xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5, xfdL;Fu k|r08 ;xsfo{ ug{ d]/f] 9f]sfd}+ cfpg] g} 5g\ egL bfjL ug'{ ePsf] 5 .

;+3Lo u7aGwgsf] 3f]if0ff /fhgLlts a]OdfgL xf] eGg] sf+u|];sf pk;efklt /fdrGb| kf}8]nn] eGg' / pgLx? cfkm} of] ;/sf/ 9fNg Pdfn];Fu u7aGwg ug'{ aLrsf] t's s:n] j0f{g ug]{ < cfkm"n] ubf{ 7Ls c?n] ubf{ a]l7s b]lvg] g]tfx? d]/f] uf]?sf] af¥x}6Ssf eg]/ bfjL ub}{ cfPkl5 g} ljjfb a9]sf] xf] . rf/ jif{;Dd ;+ljwfg;efaf6 lgsf; lbg g;Sg]n] km]l/ Dofb yk]/ ;+ljwfg;ef nDAofpg vf]Hg' / j}B kIfw/n] ;+;bLo lgjf{rg s'g} xfntdf :jLsf/ gug]{ eg]kl5 ljjfb t olxlg/ a9]sf] xf] . ;+qmd0fsfn 5f]6\ofpg]tkm{ s;}sf] egfO{df ;xdlt x'g g;s]kl5 of] ljjfbx? c? a9\g] / cGttf]uTj e}m emu8f a9]/ b]z åGbdf hfg] l:ylt gcfpnf eGg ;lsGg .

5f]/Ld}ofF dxh{gsf] ckx/0fdf kQf nufpg l9nf] lsg <

sf7df8f} . j]kQf agfOg' ePsf 5f]/Ld}+of dxh{gsf] vf]hL bjfj ;d"x / jxfFsf kl/jf/ vf]hL sfo{df ;3fpg g]jfM /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfnsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf cfP/ j]kQf ePb]lvsf] l:ylt hfgsf/L u/fPkl5 df]rf{sf] uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 . ;/sf/ / k'ln; k|zf;g 36gfsf] uDeL/ 9+un] 5fgljg u/]/ ;To tYo kQf nufpg'eGbf klg 5f]/Ld}+of dxh{gnfO{ ckx/0f / j]kQf ug]{ sfddf lhDd]jf/ /x]sf] cfz+lst JolQmx?af6} pN6} kl/rflnt eP/ 5fgljgnfO{ l9nf;':tL ug{], eP u/]sf ;a'tx?nfO{ d]6fpg] uDeL/ if8oGqdf nfu]sf] k|i6 b]lvG5 .

k|wfgdGqL afa'/fd / pgsf kTgL cfkm}n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ e]6]/ vf]hL sfo{ l56\6} u/]/ ;To tYo aflx/ Nofpg] cfZjf;g lbPtf klg j]kQf ePsf] kfFr dlxgf lalt ;Sbf klg sfgdf t]n xfn]/ a:g' kg]{ jxfFx?nfO{ To:tf] afWofTds ;d:of s] cfOk¥of] < b]zsf] /fhwfgL sf7df8f}+sf] d'6' jfg]Zj/af6 j]kQf ePsf ;j{;fwf/0f dlxnfsf] vf]hLdf oqf] nfkjf{xL u/]/ ck/fwLnfO{ arfpg] if8oGqdf ;+nUg k'ln; k|zf;g / ;/sf/sf] xfdL 3f]/ eT;gf{ ub}{ Goflos 5fgljg cfof]u agfP/ j]kQfsf] vf]hL / ;To tYo kQf nufpg hf]8bf/ dfu u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} 5f]/Ld}+of vf]hL bjfj ;d"xaf6 cfof]lht ;+3if{ sfo{qmdsf] ;dy{g / ;xof]u /xg] s'/fsf] cjut u/fpFb} g]jfM /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfn klg vf]hL sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos bjfj lbg kxn ug]{ s'/f pQm df]rf{sf cWoIf kjgdfg >]i7n] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .

ljBfyL{x¿sf] bjfj

sf7df8f}+ ÷ ljb]zL gfd /fv]sf cfkm"v'zL z'Ns c;'Nb} cfPsf lghL pRr dflj lj?4 cfGbf]lnt ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx?n] Ps lbg b]ze/sf To:tf ljBfno aGb u/fPsf] lyof] . ( j6f ljkIfL bn ;Da4 ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx?n] ljb]zL gfd / nufgL /x]sf ljBfno lj?4 s]xL xKtf otf ljleGg ultljlwx? ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .
e8\lsnf] lj1fg, dgk/L z'Ns c;'nL / lzIffsf] Jofkf/Ls/0f lj?4 ( ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx?n] cfGbf]ng hf/L /fVg] ljBfyL{x¿n] hgfPsf 5g\ .

k|wfg ;]gfklt4f/f sfo{ef/ x:tfGt/0f

sf7df8f}+ . k|wfg ;]gfklt lgoldt cjsfz k|fKt ug'{ Ps dlxgf cufj} labf a:g] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] k|rlnt k/Dk/f adf]lhd k|wfg ;]gfklt dxf/yL 5qdfg l;+x u'?Ën] @)^( >fj0f @% ut] h+uL c8\8fdf cfof]lht Ps ;df/f]xsf aLr k|wfg;]gfkltsf] sfo{ef/ sf=d'= k|wfg ;]gfklt uf}/a zDz]/ h=j=/f=nfO{ a'emfpg' eof] .

;df/f]xdf g]kfnL ;]gfsf lk=P;=cf]h= /yLa[Gb tyf clws[tx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . k|wfg ;]gfklt dxf/yL u'?Ë @)^^ >fj0f @^ ut] b]lv labfdf a:g' ePsf] 5 .

;fy} k|wfg ;]gfklt dxf/yL u'?Ën] sfo{ef/ a'emfpg' eGbf cufl8 efb| @$ ut] vfnL x'g hfg] dxf/yL Pj+ k|wfg ;]gfklt kbdf  sf=d'= k|wfg ;]gfklt uf}/a zDz]/ h=a=/f=sf] gfd kbf]GgtL tyf lgo'QmLsf] nflu l;kmfl/z ;lxt /Iff dGqfnodf kq k7fpg' ePsf] 5 .

s:tf k'?if ;xjf;df ;kmn <

o'jtLx?sf] cfd /f]hfO 6n, Xof08;d cyf{t\ cUnf] sb / ;'Gb/ /Ësf] o'js x'g] ub{5 . t/ zf]wstf{x?sf] bfjL cg';f/ dWod sbsf k'?ifaf6 ;a}eGbf a9L aRrf x'g] ub{5 . cd]l/sL k'?ifx?df cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf j}1flgsx¿sf cg';f/ kfFr km'6 bz OGr sb ePsf k'?if k|hgg\df ;a}eGbf a9L ;kmn x'G5g\ .

ljz]ljo/n Osf]nhL P08 ;f]l;of]afof]nhL klqsfdf k|sflzt n]vdf zf]wstf{x¿n] eg]sf 5g\– dWod sb ePsf k'?ifsf] ;fdfGotof b'O{ jf a9L ;Gtfg x'g] ub{5 . oBlk zf]wstf{x?n] dWod sb ePsf k'?ifn] l56f] ljjfx u/]sf sf/0f klg o;f] ePsf] x'g ;Sg] cg'dfg u/]sf 5g\ . klxnf ul/Psf] zf]wdf dlxnf] klxnf] /f]hfO nfdf] sbsf k'?if x'g] u/]sf] tYo km]nf k/]sf] lyof] . g]b/Nof08;\sf u|f]lggh]n ljZjljBfnosf zf]wstf{ u6{:6Nksf cg';f/ klxnf klZrdL ;d'bfodf nfdf] sb ePsf k'?ifaf6 klg a9L ;Gtfg x'g] ljZjf; ub{y] . pgLx?n] sb / aRrfdf ;a}eGbf klxnf ul/Psf] zf]wsf] cWoog u/]sf lyP h;df !($& eGbf %) jif{ cl3;Ddsf] tYof+ssf] lhls/ 5 .

;a}eGbf a9L ;Gtfg zf]wsf cg';f/ ;a}eGbf a9L ;Gtfgsf] tYof+s @!%& To:tf k'?ifsf] 5, h;sf] prfO{ !&&!&( ;]lG6ld6/ 5 . o;af6 ^ ;]lG6ld6/ a9L jf sd sb ePsf k'?ifx?sf] ;Gtfgsf] tYof+s @! ;o %@ kfOPsf] 5 . u6{:6Nkn] eg]sf 5g\– k|rlnt cjwf/0ff ljk/Lt nfdf] sb ePsf k'?if ;xjf;df ;a}eGbf a9L ;kmn 5}gg\ . a?, dWod sb ePsf k'?ifx? ;xjf;sf] dfldnfdf ;a}eGbf a9L ;kmn 5g\ . oBlk zf]wstf{x¿sf cg';f/ ljjfxsf nflu j/ 5gf}6 ug]{ a]nf sbsf] dxTj vf;} x'Fb}g . zf]wstf{x? eG5g\– sbaf6 sl/j tLg u'gf a9L cfjZos ljGb' xf], cfly{s cfDbfgL / sl/j ;f9] rf/ u'gf a9L c;/ x'g] ub{5 k9fO{ n]vfOsf] .

5f]6f] n'uf k|ltaGw

k"jL{ ef/tsf] emf/v08 /fHosf] /fhwfgL /fFrLdf Ps c1ft ;d"xn] dlxnfnfO{ lhG; nufpgaf6 k|ltaGw ub}{ lz/nfO{ k5\of}/Ln] 9fs]/ lxF8\g] cfb]z hf/L u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] lj?4 hfg] dlxnf / pgLx?sf] kl/jf/dfly cfqmd0f ug]{ r]tfjgL lbOPsf] 5 . /fHo ;/sf/n] of] r]tfjgLnfO{ uDeL/tfsf ;fy ln+Fb} d'Vo zx/L If]qx?df ;z:q k|x/L annfO{ t}ygf ug'{ k/]sf] 5 .

ef/tdf clxn];Dd gf/Lsf] klx/gnfO{ lnP/ hf/L ePsf] of] ;aeGbf wDsLk"0f{ lgb]{zg xf] t/ of] k/Dk/fsf] z'?jft cufl8b]lv ePsf] xf] . :yfgLo lgsfo dflgg] u|fd k~rfotb]lv lhNnf lzIff sfof{no klg o; dfldnfdf ToxfF kl5 5}g . ef/tsf] tldngf8' /fHosf] lzIff ljefun] ut h'nfO{df ;Eo kf]zfs nufP/ cfpg' kg]{ kl/kq hf/L u¥of] . lzIfsn] afnaflnsfdf unt k|efj kfg]{ vfnsf] n'uf nufP/ gx'g] elgof] .

ut d]df ef/tsf] xl/of0ff dlxnf / afn ljefun] Ps sbd cufl8 a9\b} dlxnfsf] ;'/Iffsf nflu cfkm\gf sd{rf/LnfO{ eb| kf]zfs nufP/ sfof{no cfpg] cfb]z hf/L u¥of] . dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] /f]hfOdf kg]{ l6–;6{, lhG; / 6knfO{ eb| kf]zfssf] ;"rLdf /fVg gldNg] eGb} ljefun] ;f8L, ;'t / s'tf{;'?jft nufpg' kg]{ :ki6 u¥of] . klZrdL kf]zfsn] ef/tnfO{ k|ltlglwTj gug]{ x'gfn] sfof{no cjlwsf] * 306f e/L nufpg gldNg] ljefusf] ts{ lyof] .

xfn} ef/tsf] pQ/ k|b]zsf] afukt lhNnfsf] c;f/ u|fd k~rfotn] aflx/ lg:sFbf dlxnfnfO{ lz/ 5f]Kg' kg]{ cfb]z lbof] . /f]6La]6Lsf] gftf ePsf] l5d]sL d'n's ef/tdf dfq geP/ rLg klg klx/g ljjfbdf d'l5g] u/]sf] 5 . rLgsf] ;+3fO{ zx/sf] e"ldut /]n ;]jfn] ut h'gsf] clGtd ;ftf pQ]hs klx/g nufP/ ofqf gug{ lj1fkg u¥of] . o;n] ljs[t dfgl;stf ePsfsf] Wofg tfGg] clwsf/Lx?sf] ts{ lyof] . dlxnfx?n] o;sf] lj/f]w u/]kl5 ;'/Iffsf nflu dfq ;"rgf hf/L u/]sf] eGb} /]n k|zf;gn] dfkmL dfUof] .

;L=kL= uh'/]nsf] ;+of]hsTjdf g]kfn ;+3Lo hgu0ftflGqs df]rf{ u7g

sf7df8f}+ . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{–dfcf]jfbLn] g]kfn ;+3Lo hgu0ftflGqs df]rf{ 3f]if0ff u]/]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts lgsf;sf nflu ;j{kIfLo uf]nd]r ;ef cfof]hgf ug{ bafa lbg df]rf{ lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . qmflGtsf/L zlQmx?sf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ aGg'kg]{ / /fhgLlts lgsf;sf nflu ;j{kIfLo uf]nd]r;ef d'Vo Ph]G8f agfpFb} cf7 j6f bn tyf ;+u7g;Fu ldn]/ g]skf–dfcf]jfbLn] df]rf{ u7g u/]sf] xf] .

g]skf–dfcf]jfbLsf pkfWoIf ;L=kL= uh'/]nsf] ;+of]hsTjdf g]skf -PsLs[t_, qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ g]kfn, tfD;flnª g]kfn /fli6«o bn, g]kfn gful/s kf6L{, yf? d'lQm ;+u|fd nufotsf bn tyf ;+u7g cfa4 /x]sf 5g\ .

3f]if0ff;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{x'Fb} df]rf{sf ;+of]hs tyf g]skf–dfcf]jfbLsf pkfWoIf ;L=kL= uh'/]nn] cfkm"x?sf] 5'§} t];|f] wf/ lgdf{0f ePsf] bfaL ug'{eof] . pxfFn] 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{sf] g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/ sfod /fVg ;+3Lotfsf] gfddf afn'jf6f/] df]rf{, g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/  agfpg bf];|f] df]rf{ b''j} cfkm"x?nfO{ c:jLsf/ ePsfn] /fli6«otf / :jfwLgtfsf] kIfdf t];|f] zlQmsf ?kdf of] df]rf{ hGdfpg afWo ePsf] atfpg' eof] .

b]zdf /x]sf] clxn];Ddsf] s'g} klg df]rf{n] d'n'snfO{ lgsf; lbg g;Sg] bfaL ub}{ eGg'eof], æd'n'ssf] jt{dfg /fhgLlts / ;+j}wflgs ;ª\s6 cGTosf nflu ;j{kIfLo uf]nd]r;efsf] cfof]hgf ug{ cfjZos 5 . pxfFn] sfdrnfpsf] x}l;otdf /x]sf] ;/sf/n] lgsf; lbg g;Sg] ePsfn] cfGbf]ngsf] anaf6 /fli6«o :jfwLgtf kIfw/x?sf] ;/sf/ lgdf{0f ug]{ bfaL ug'{eof] .

;j{kIfLo uf]nd]r;efsf] cfwf/ tof/ ug{ df]rf{n] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ atfpFb} ;/sf/ x6fpgsf nflu ;fpg #) ut]b]lv ebf} !^ ut];Dddf b]ze/ ;ef, k|bz{g / cGt/lqmof ug]{ hgfPsf] 5 .

/Qmrfkaf/] hfgsf/L

sf7df8f}+ . s'g} dflg;sf] /Qmrfk pRr x'G5 cyf{t\ a9L x'G5, o;n] pQm JolQmsf z/L/sf lduf}{nf, dl:tis, d'6' / cGo c+udf /Qm k|jfx u/fpg] wdgLnfO{ Iflt k'¥ofpg yfN5 . To;sf ;fy} lduf}{nf, yfO/fO8 / cGo /f]u pRr /Qmrfks} sf/0f pTkGg x'g yfN5g\ . ltgsf nflu pko'QM pkrf/ cfjZos k5{ . w]/} dflg;n] ;f]r]eGbf 7Ls ljk/Lt z/L/df pRr /Qmrfk eO{sg klg s'g} nIf0f lagf jf s'g} vt/fsf] ;+s]t lagf g} o;n] /f]uLnfO{ c;/ kfl//x]sf] x'g ;S5 . To;}n] pRr /QmrfknfO{ …;fOn]G5 lsn/Ú cyf{t\ yfx} glbO{ dfG5] dfg]{ /f]u klg elgG5 . To;n] s] hgfpF5 eg] s;}n] cfkm\gf] /Qmrfk hfFRg] vf; ;do glgsfn], lghn] cfkm\gf] /Qmrfk a9]sf] 5 eGg] kQ} kfpg ;Sb}g . To:tf] cj:yfdf o:tf ;d:of ;w}+ b]vf k5{g\ .

rng rNtLdf /Qmrfk b'O{ lsl;dn] gflkG5 . l;:6f]lns / 8fo:6f]lns, cyf{t\ tn / dflysf] . To;nfO{ ! ;o #)÷&) PdPd ckm aLPrhL jf !^)÷!)) egL gfKg] ul/G5 . ;fwf/0ftof la/fdLn] dflysf] /Qmrfk slt < egL ;f]Wg] u5{g\ . l;:6f]lns cyf{t\ dflysf] /Qmrfk klxnf] gDa/ xf], h'g d'6' v'lDrFbf cTolws gDa/df gfKg] ul/G5 . ;fwf/0f jo:s JolQmsf nflu ;fdfGo tof () jf ! ;o @) eGbf sdsf] gfknfO{ 7Ls dfGg ;lsG5 . tnsf] slt < eGbf of] ;fwf/0f tof ^) eGbf dfly / *) eGbf tnsf] gfknfO{ 7Ls dfGg ;lsG5 . tnsf] gfk ;fdfGotf d'6'n] cf/fd ul//xFbf jf /ut kDk gubf{sf] cj:yfdf lnOG5 .

/Qmrfkaf/] k|rlnt unt wf/0ffx?

o; cj;/df xfd|f] ;dfhdf ljBdfg d'Vo b'O{ unt wf/0ff :ki6 kfg'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 . Pp6f To:tf] ljrf/ xfdLaLr ljBdfg 5, h:tf] ls ! ;o $) / () ;Ddsf] /Qmrfk 7Ls xf] cyf{t\ ;fdfGo xf] eGg] xfdL ;f]R5f}+ . Tof] unt xf] . dflysf] ! ;o @) / ! ;o #( sf] aLrdf / tnsf] /Qmrfk *) / *( sf] aLrdf 5 eg] 7Ls dfGg'k5{ . To; cj:yfdf xfdL pRr /Qmrfksf] d'vd} k'u]sf] dfGg'k5{ . pRr /Qmrfk ! ;o $)÷() sf] cj:yf;Dd gk'Ug hLjgz}nL ;'wf/]/ cfkm" :j:y /xg k|oTg ug'{ k5{ .

pd]/ a9\b} hfFbf /Qmrfk klg a9\b} hfg' ;fdfGo xf] . t;y{ ^) jif]{ j[4 dflg;sf] /Qmrfk ! ;o %)÷() jf ! ;o ^)÷! ;o x'Fbf ;fdfGo xf] egL ;f]Rg' cToGt} unt xf] . ca csf]{ k|Zglt/ nfuf}+ . s'g} JolQm pRr /Qmrfko'Qm xf] egL lgSof]{n ug{ /Qmrfksf] gfk slt k6s lng' k5{ t < ;fwf/0ftof s'g} JolQmnfO{ pRr /Qmrfk 5 egL ls6fg ug{ p;sf] /Qmrfksf] gfk Ps k6seGbf a9L lng' kg]{ x'G5 . of] lsg cfjZos 5 eg] s'g} klg JolQmsf] /Qmrfk tgfj jf lrGtfdf /xFbf Tolts} a9\g ;S5 . s'g} nIf0f lagf jf z/L/sf s'g} klg dxTjk"0f{ c+unfO{ Iflt gk'¥ofpFbf klg Ps k6ssf] /Qmrfksf] gfk -pbfx/0fsf nflu @!)÷!()_ cTolws w]/} kfOPdf la/fdLnfO{ t'?Gt} c:ktfnsf] cfsl:ds sIfdf lrlsT;ssf] lgu/fgLdf /fvL /Qmrfk 36fpg] cf}iflw ;d]t lbg'k5{ .

gfk ljlw pko'Qm ePsf] lglZrt u/f}+

/Qmrfk gfKg] d]l;g l:kUdf] dfg]ld6/sf] k|of]u / /Qmrfk lnOFbf o;sf] cj:yfdf x'g] km/sn] /Qmrfksf] gfd km/s x'g;S5 . 7Ls / pko'Qm /Qmrfk dfkgdf d]lzgsf] cj:yf / /Qmrfk lng] tl/sf dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . ds{/L -kf/f]_df cfwfl/t d]l;gn] ;a}eGbf pko'Qm dfkg u5{ eGg] ljZjf; 5 . cfo pknAw d]lzgx?n] k|of]u ubf{ w]/} km/s gfk cfpg ;S5 .

/Qmrfk dfkgk"j{ sDtLdf b'O{ 306fb]lv la/fdLn] w"d|kfg gu/]sf] x'g'k5{ . lsgeg] ltgn] s]xL ;donfO{ /Qmrfk a9fpg ;S5 . To;/L g} /Qmrfk lnFbf la/fdL lglZrt cyf{t\ s'g} lsl;dsf] 8/ lrGtf/lxt cj:yfdf x'g'k5{ . /Qmrfk klxnf] k6s hfFRbf la/fdLsf] b'j} kfv'/fsf] lng'k5{ . b'O{ kfv'/fsf] /Qmrfkdf kf/f]sf] kfFr ldlnld6/;Ddsf] leGgtfnfO{ ;fdfGo dfGg / l:jsfg{ ;lsG5 . /Qmrfk lnFbf unt glthf cfpg ;Sg] s]xL ug'{, cg'ko'Qm d]l; k|of]u ug'{, /Qmrfk lnFbf kfv'/f d'6'sf] ;txeGbf dfly x'g', gfk lnFbf la/fdL cfPsf] cj:yfdf g/xg' / dfk eO/xFbf la/fdL s'/f ul//xg' cflb k|d'v x'g\ .

ljZje/ sl/a &) nfv dflg; pRr /Qmrfksf sf/0f d5{g\ . dflg;n] cfkm\gf] hLjgz}nL kl/jt{g u/]/ cyf{t\ tgfj sd u/]/, Wofg u/]/, w"d|kfg Tofu]/ / vfgfdf g"gsf] dfqf sd u/]]/ pRr /Qmrfk lgoGq0f /fVg] xf] eg] w]/} dflg;sf] Hofg hf]ufpg ;lsG5 . t;y{ xfdL g"gsf] dfqf sd ug]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbG5f}|+ k|To]s !) hgf jois dWo] tLg jf rf/df a9L g"g ;]jgsf sf/0f /Qmrfk a9\g] /x:o v'Ng cfPsf] 5 . ljZjJofkL ?kdf x]g]{ xf] eg] k|ltJolQm b}lgs g"gsf] vkt !–!@ u|fd 5 .

ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gsf] l;kmfl/z cg';f/ dfqf kfFr u|fd g"g k|ltJolQm k|ltlbg pko'Qm x'G5 . xfdL] vkt ug]{ &% k|ltzteGbf a9L g"gsf] dfqf xfdLn] ahf/af6 lsGg] tof/L vfgfdf klxNo} x'G5 . emG8} *) uf]n hlt g"g xfdLn] /]i6'/fFdf vfFbf / a§fdf Kofs ePsf] vfgf vfFbf k|fKt eO;s]sf] x'G5 . xfd|f] vfgfdf g"gsf] dfqf cfwf 36fpg] xf] eg] ljZje/ a;]{gL dlits3ft jf x[bo3ftsf sf/0f dg]{ @% nfv dflg;sf] Hofg hf]ufpg ;lsG5 . To;}n] a9L g"g ePsf vfgf s6f}tL ug{' cfjZos 5 . To:tf vfgfdf lrh, lrK;, sf]6]8 lrs]g, rfprfp, :gfS;, clnE;, l;;Lsf crf/, k|fpg, tf/]sf] abfd, g"g /flvPsf] df5f, ;;]h, kf]n]sf] df5f, df;', ;f]of;;, l;;Lsf] df;', kfk8 cflb . oL ;a} vfgfdf g"gsf] dfqf a9L x'g] x'Fbf ltgnfO{ alxisf/ ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 .

pRr dfljsf] cg'udg

la/f6gu/ . lzIff If]qdf b]lvPsf] ljs[lt / lj;+ult cGTo ug{ dfu ub}{ ljleGg ;+3 ;+u7gx¿n] lj/f]w k|bz{g ul//x]sf] a]nf pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\n] k"jf{~rnsf pRr dfljx?sf] cg'udg z'? u/]sf] 5 . pRrdfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\sf k|jQmf gf/fo0f k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] cg'udg 6f]nLn] k"jf{~rnsf emfkf, df]/ª / ;'g;/Lsf !) j6f pRr dfWolds ljBfnox?sf] cg'udg u/]sf] 5 . cg'udgsf qmddf lghL dfq xf]Og ;/sf/L pRr dfljx? ;d]tn] kl/ifb\sf] lgb]{zg / cfrf/;+lxtfsf] pNn+3g u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . tL pRr dfWolds ljBfnox?n] ljBfyL{ tyf 7"nf g]tfx?sf] lj1fkg u/]/ k|rf/ k|;f/ u/]sf] / ljb]zL gfd /fv]sfn] tTsfn ;Rofpg lgb]{zg lbOPsf] k|jQmf gf/fo0f k|;fb sf]O/fnfn] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] .

;/sf/n] b'O{ pRr dfljx? % ;o ld6/sf] b'/Ldf /xg' kg]{ lgod agfP klg lj/f6gu/df uNnL pRr dflj v'n]sf 5g\ . o;/L c:j:y k|lt:kwf{ ug]{, lj1fkgdf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ k|of]u ug]{ / kl/ifb\sf] lgb]{zg cj1f ug]{ lj/f6gu/sf lzIfflbk / cls{8 sn]hnfO{ cg'udg 6f]nLn] sf/jfxL cl3 a9fPsf] 5 .

u'6aGbLn] k"jf{~rn ljZjljBfno c:ktfn nyflnË

;'g;/L ÷ k"jf{~rn ljZjljBfnosf jt{dfg pks'nklt / k"j{ pks'nkltsf] 6s/fjsf sf/0f k"jf{~rn ljZjljBfnodf /x]sf] tLg ;o j]8sf] d]l8sn sn]h ;~rfngsf] tof/Ldf /x] klg ;~rfngdf cfpg g;Sg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] 5 .

nfdf] ;dob]lv e|i6frf/, a]lylt, ljs[ltsf] s]Gb| aGb} cfPsf] k"jf{~rn ljZjljBfnodf d]l8sn sn]h tyf To;sf nflu cfjZos c:ktfn ;~rfngdf nflu eGb} @)^! b]lv )^# ;fn;Dd pks'nklt eO;s]sf hut s];L ;+of]hs / 8f= ljb"/ j:tL tyf dxfgGb ld> ;b:o /xg] u/L ljZjljBfno;efsf] !*cf}+ j}7sn] tLg ;b:oLo ljz]if 6f:s kmf];{ u7g u/]sf] lyof] .

;f] 6f:s kmf];{nfO{ k"jf{~rn ljZjljBfnosf] cfGtl/s Joj:yfkg r':t b'?:t kfg]{, c:ktfnnfO{ gd"gf agfO{ ;~rfng ug]{, ljZjljBfnosf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] * ;o % ljufxf hUufsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ nufotsf clwsf/x? lnlvt ?kd} k|Tofof]hg ul/Psf] lyof] .

z}lIfs, k|zf;lgs, k|fljlws / gl;{Ë k|fljlws / gl;{Ë hgzlQm k"jf{~rn ljZjljBfnosf] lgod cg';f/ @ jif{;Dd s/f/df /fVg kfpg], pks/0fx?sf] vl/b ug{ ;Sg], sfo{;Dkfbg ug]{ qmddf :jb]zL / ljb]zL lgsfo;Fu ;Dks{, ;dGjo u/L ;xof]u u|x0f ug{ ;Sg] nufotsf clwsf/ s];L g]t[Tjsf] ;ldltn] k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] .

tLg ;o j]8sf] c:ktfn k"0f{ ?kdf ;~rfngsf] tof/Ldf /x]sf] t/ ljleGg j]lyltsf sf/0fn] nfdf] ;dob]lv j]8 ;hfP/ /flvP klg c:ktfn ;~rfngdf Nofpg g;s]sf] / d]l8sn sIff ;d]t ;~rfng ug]{lt/ ljZjljBfno kbflwsf/Lx? tof/ g/x]sf]n] ToxfF ;hfP/ /flvPsf] j]8x? ljlu|P/ hfg] b]lvG5 .

kq–klqsfsf] x'nfs z'Ns lkmtf{ ul/g]

sf7df8f}+ ÷ kqklqsfsf nflu a[l4 ul/Psf] x'nfs dx;"n lkmtf{ ug]{ tof/L ePsf] 5 . x'nfs dx;"n a[l4sf] ;j{q lj/f]w ePkl5 ;/sf/n] lkmtf{sf] tof/L u/]sf] xf] . ;fpg ! ut]b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L ;/sf/n] dx;"n lkmtf{ ug]{ ePsf] xf] . x'nfs ;]jfsf] jf;nft ;w}+ C0ffTds ePkl5 ;/sf/n] ;fpg ! ut]b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L kqklqsf k7fpFbf ;d]t l6s6 6fF:g'kg]{ Joj:yf nfu" u/]sf] xf] . ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ;"rgf kfpg] clwsf/af6 al~rt u/fpFb} ;/sf/n] clgjfo{ @ ?k}}ofFsf] l6s6 6fF:g' kg]{ afWosf/L Joj:yf NofPsf] xf] .

lagf l6s6 kqklqsfx? x'nfsdfkm{t lhNnf tyf lhNnf aflx/ k7fpFb} cfPsf s]Gb| tyf :yfgLo klqsfx? ;/sf/sf] l6s6 clgjfo{ 6fF:g' kg]{ Joj:yfkl5 7Kk h:t} ePsf 5g\ . dlGqkl/ifb\n] g} u/]sf] lg0f{o xf], x'nfs ;]jf ljefusf dxflgb]{zs nf]sk|;fb cfrfo{n] eg], z'Ns ;dfof]hgsf nflu k'gM ljrf/ ug]{ s'/f ePsf] 5, clxn] xfdLn] z'Ns k'glj{rf/sf nflu dGqfnodf kmfOn k]z u/]sf 5f}+ .

;/sf/n] ;fpg ! ut]b]lv @ ;o %) u|fd;DdnfO{ b'O{ ?k}ofF dx;"n sfod u/]sf] 5 . o; cl3 ;a} kqklqsf lgMz'Ns k7fpg] Joj:yf lyof] . tTsfnLg /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] zf;gsfndf !) k};fsf] x'nfs dx;"n a9fP/ () k};f k'¥ofPkl5 ;~rf/dfWodx? cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf lyP h;sf sf/0f @)^@÷)^# sf] hgcfGbf]ng kZrft\ ag]sf] ;/sf/n] kqklqsfsf nflu x'nfs dx;"n lgMz'Ns ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . k'gM ;fpg ! b]lv ;/sf/n] u/]sf] of] lg0f{odf kqklqsf ;~rfnsx¿ df/df k/]sf 5g\ .

;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfnosf ;x;lrj nId0f kf]v/]nn] z'Ns k'glj{rf/sf nflu k|lqmof cufl8 al9;s]sf] atfpg' eof] .

cg]/f:jljo'sf] ;Dd]ng ebf} ( df

sf7df8f}+ ÷ cg]/f:jljo'sf] k|yd ljwfg ;Dd]ng ebf} ( ut]b]lv !! ut];Dd x'g] ePsf] 5 . cg]/f:jljo'sf cWoIf dfwj 9'+u]nsf cg';f/ ;+u7gsf] @!cf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng c;f]hsf] @% ut]b]lv @( ut];Dd ul/g] ePsf] 5 . ;Dd]ngsf] :yfg eg] ljwfg ;Dd]ngn] to ug]{ 5 .

 pxfFn] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf ;Dk"0f{ ultljlw g]t[Tj rogdf s]lGb|t x'g] ePsfn] ;+u7gsf] cfGtl/s hLjg;Fu ;DalGwt ljwfg rflxF cf]em]ndf kb}{ cfPsfn] ljwfgdf Joj:yf eP cg';f/ ljwfg ;Dd]ng ug{ nfluPsf] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] .

 cWoIf 9'+u]nsf cg';f/ ljwfg ;Dd]ngdf lhNnf sld6Lsf cWoIf, !% l;6 ;+Vof ePsf :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgogsf ;efklt / k|f/lDes sld6Lsf cWoIf, s]Gb|Lo ljefusf ;lrjx?, c~rn sld6L jf ;f] :t/sf sld6Lx¿af6 cWoIf pkfWoIf, dlxnf ljefusf k|d'v / s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf ;b:ox? u/L s/Lj 5 ;o hgf ;xefuL x'g]5g\ . ljwfg ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g ebf} ( ut] sLlt{k'/df x'g]5 . To:t}, aGb;q /fli6«o ;efu[xdf ebf}sf] !) / !! df x'g]5 .

adsf] cft+s

3f]/fxL . bfªsf] 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf !! sf] xf]6n lu|gEofnL cufl8 lu|g]6 ad e]l6Psf] 5 . ad e]l6P kl5 :yflgox? cft+lst ePsf lyP . xf]6]nsf] cuf8L kfls{ª\u ul/ /fv]sf] j]:6g 8]enkd]G6 a}+ssf] 6f6f;'df] lhkdf tf/n] afFw]/ la:kmf]6sf nflu t}of/L cj:yfdf ;f] ad e]l6Psf] xf] . ad s;n] /fv]sf] xf] eGg] s'/f cg';Gwfg e}/x]sf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L dw';bg a'nf{sf]6Ln] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . o;}u/L bfª\usf] ;tjl/of ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] jf8{ g+ ! sf] ;fd'bflos agdf @ j6f lu|g]6 ad km]nf k/]sf] lyof] . adaf6 ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf cft+lst ePsf 5g\ .

rf}yf] cGt/f{li6«o nf]sjftf{ ;Dd]ng x'g]

sf7df8f}+ . g]kfnL nf]sjftf{ tyf ;+:s[lt ;dfhn] oxL ebf} !–# ut] tbg';f/ cu:t !&–!( tfl/vdf sf7df8f}+df rf}yf] cGt/f{li6«o nf]sjftf{ tyf ;+:s[lt sf+u|];sf] cfof]hgf ub}{ 5 . g]kfn ko{6g af]8{n] k|jw{g ug]{ o; sf+u|];sf] k|fof]hg ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno, g]kfn k|1f–k|lti7fg, o'g]:sf] clkm; sf7df8f}+ / jL=kL= sf]O/fnf ef/t–g]kfn kmfpG8]zgn] ub}{5g\ . …nf]sjftf{ tyf nf]shLjg cWoog M cef}lts ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] s]Gb|LotfdfÚ (Folklore and Folk Life Studies : Special Focus on Intangible Cultural Heritage) d"n ljifo /x]sf] of] sf+u|]; nf]sjftf{, ;+:s[lt, nf]s ;flxTo, ;dfhzf:q, dfgjzf:q, ;+uLtzf:q, efifflj1fg, ko{6g, Oltxf;, e"uf]n, sDKo'6/ lj1fg . OlGhlgol/ª h:tf ljleGg ljwf;Gu ;DalGwt lzIfs, ljBfyL{, cg';Gwftf tyf cd"t{ ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf k|of]ustf{ tyf ;+jfxsx?sf] cfkm\gf cg';Gwfg, k|of]u / j}lzi6\ox?af/] dGyg ug]{ ;femf d~r x'g] 5 . o;df Plzof, o'/f]k, cd]l/sf / ci6«]lnofsf ljleGg !% ljleGg !% eGbf a9L b]zsf !!% sfo{kq k|:t't ul/g] 5g\ eg] !@% eGbf a9L ;xefuLx? /xg] 5g . g]kfnL nf]sjftf{ tyf ;+:s[lt ;dfhsf cWoIf k|f= t'n;L lbj;sf cg';f/ o'uslj l;l4r/0f >]i7sf] ztjflif{sLsf] ;Gbe{df o; sf+u|];df pgsf] ;Ddfgdf cGt/f{li6«o slj uf]i7Lsf] Ps ljz]if ;q klg /xg] 5 .

lxGb" ;+:sf/df s'zsf] dxTj

– ljZjgfy v/]n

k|To]s b]jsfo{, lkt[sfo{ / ;+:sf/ cflb sfo{ ;';DkGg ul/+bf s'zsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . lkt[ cfdfjf:of cyjf uf]s0f]{ cf}+;Lsf] lbgnfO{ s'z] cf+};L klg eGg] rng 5 . o;/L o;} lbg a|fDx0f k'/f]lxtsf xftaf6 gofF s'z u|x0f u/L To;}n] jif{lbg e/sf] b]j–lkt[ sfo{x? ;DkGg ul/G5 . To;; lbgafx]s a|fDx0fx?n] c? lbg s'z sf6\b}gg\ . s'z eg]sf] Ps k|sf/sf] wfld{s b[li6af6 kljq emf/ xf] . s'z pTklQsf] af/]df ljleGg wfld{s zf:qx?df cf–cfkm\gf] lsl;dsf] dte]b kfOG5 . ctM >Ldb\efujt\ dxfk'/f0fsf cg';f/ nf]s/Ifs eujfg\ lji0f'n] k[YjLsf] p4f/sfo{ ug{sf nflu ha j/fx cjtf/ lng' eof] Toltv]/ xl/0ofIfnfO{ aw u/L k[YjLsf] /Iff ul/;s]kl5 cfkm"nfO{ ysfOsf] cg'ej xF'bf ;d'b| lsgf/df lj>fd ug'{ eof] . To;/L lj>fd ubf{ afn'jfdf em/]sf eujfgsf /f}+af6 s'z pTkGg ePsf] xf] eGg] s'/f pNn]v 5 . o;/L s'zsf] ljz]if ;DaGw lkt[sfo{;Fu /x]sf] kfOG5 . k|To]s jif{ cfpg] efb| dlxgf s[i0fkIfsf] of] cf}+;L ltlynfO{ s'z] cf}+;L elgG5 . xfd|f] wd{, ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f cg';f/ ;Dk"0f{ z'e sfo{x?, z'e ;+:sf/x?df rflxg] kljq jg:klt tTj s'znfO{ a|fDx0fx?åf/f lxGb" dfqsf 3/–3/df ljt/0f ul/G5 .

xfd|f] wd{, ;+:s[ltc'g;f/ ;fdflhs dof{bf / ;fdflhs ;+:sf/sf nflu x/]s kj{df cf–cfkm\gf] lsl;dsf] dxTj /x]sf] 5 h'g kj{x?n] xfdLnfO{ Ps csf{df ulx/f] ;DaGw agfO{ cfTdLotf a9fpF5 . o:t} rf8kj{ dWo]sf] xfd|f] g]kfnL k/Dk/fdf lktf, dftf, u'?x?sf] ;Ddfg ug]{ ljlwx? /x]sf 5g\ . o:t} u/L ebf} s'z] cf}+;Lsf] lbg xfdL afa'sf] d'v x]/]/ hGd lbg] afa'k|lt >4f / ;Ddfg k|s6 u5f}+ . o; lbg cfkm\gf] uR5] cg';f/ j:q, ld7fO{, kmnkm"n cflb lbO{ cfkm\gf] afa'k|lt >4f k|s6 ug]{ u5{g\ . afa' gx'g]x?n] k/Dk/f cg';f/ uf]s0f{ cflb tLy{df uO{ cfkm\gf d/]sf afa'afh]sf gfddf tk{0f >4f lk08bfg ug]{ rng ePsf]n] of] lbgnfO{ uf]s0f]{ cf}+;L klg eGg] rng 5 . ;fFRr} eGg] xf] eg] cfhsf] lbg xfdL g]kfnLx? 6f9f 6f9fb]lv cfO{ cfkm\gf hLljt afa' eP >4f;Fu 9f]ue]6 u/L ld7fO{ kmnkm"n v'jfpF5f}+ . afa' gx'g]x?n] tLy{df u} >f4 ub{5f}+ . ;f] klg cg's"n gePdf lkt[sf gfddf l;bf / vfB j:t' ld7fO{ cflb >4f;fy a|fDx0fnfO{ ck{0f ub{5f}+ .

Ps ls+jbGtL cg';f/ k|frLg sfndf efb| s[i0f cf}+;Ls} lbgdf Ps hgf >4fn' eQm ToxL kfjg uf]s0f]{Zj/ :yndf cfO{ >f4 ubf{ pgsf lkt[x? :jod\ cfO{ k|ToIf ?kdf lk08 u|x0f u/]sf] lyP eGg] klg ;'Gg kfOG5 . jfUdtL, rGb|dtL / ;"o{dtLsf] lqj]0fL k/]sf] uf]s0f]{Zj/ dlGb/sf] :yfgdf uP/ h;n] cfkm\gf lkt[nfO{ b]jnf]s k|bfg ub{5g\ eGg] zf:qLo k|df0fx? klg kfOPsf 5g\ . To:tL afUdtLdf :gfg u/]/ uf]s0f]{Zj/ dxfb]j bz{g u/L lkt[eQm k'qx?n] lk08bfglb >f4sfo{ ub{5g\ / cfkm"nfO{ s[ts[To ;DemG5g\ .

xfd|f] b]zdf wfld{s Pjd\ ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf /x]sf] 5 . oxfF leGg leGg hfthflt / wd{sf dflg; a:b} cfPsf 5g\ . ljleGg wd{ dfGg] dflg;x? ljleGg rf8kj{ dgfpF5g\ . To; dWo] s'z] cf}+;L tyf afa'sf] d'v x]g]{ kj{ klg Ps xf] . s'z] cf}+;Lsf lbg lxGb" wdf{jnDaLx? jif{e/ b]jsfo{ tyf lkt[sfo{df k|of]u ul/g] s'z 3/ 3/df leq\ofpF5g\ . zf:qf]Qm ljlw c'g;f/ a|fDx0fx?åf/f k"hf u/L 5]bg u/]/ hhdfgx? sxfF k'¥ofOPsf s'z 3/df /fVgfn] kl/jf/sf] sNof0f x'g] wfld{s ljZjf; 5 . lxGb"x? s'z, t'n;L, kLkn / zflnu|fdnfO{ eujfg\ lji0f'sf] k|tLs dfG5g\ .

oxfF lxGb'x?sf] afx'No /x]sf] /fi6« g]kfndf k|To]s lbg Ps g Ps kj{ k/]s} x'G5 . ;du|df eGg] xf] eg] xfdL wd{ / ;+:s[ltdf w]/} wgL 5f}+ . b]zdf ljBdfg /x]sf] wd{ / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f tyf hu]gf{ ug]{ sfd xfd|f] sfFwdf cfOk/]sf] s'/f ;a}nfO{ yfxf g} xf]nf . xfd|f] wd{ bfloTj x'G5 tL x'g\–b]jtf, lkt[ Clif . oL tLg C0fk|lt s[t1 x'g'kb{5 . k|To]s dg'iosf] nflu cfdf, afa', u'? b]jtft'No x'g\, tLy{ :j?k x'g\ . logLx?nfO{ x]nf u/]/ b]jtf dfGg' tLy{ hfg'sf] s'g} dxTj /xFb}g . h;n] cfkm\gf afa' u'?nfO{ cfb/;fy ;+:sf/ ub{5, To;n] b]jtf k'h]sf] / tLy{ 3'd]sf] ;Dk"0f{ kmn k|fKt ub{5 . o; lbg k|To]s 5f]/f5f]/L cfkm\gf afa'k|lt dL7fdL7f vf]gs'/fx?, j:q cflb afa'nfO{ dgkg]{ ;fdfgx? ck{0f ub}{ cfb/ / >4f k|s6 ub{5g\ . ;w}+ ;fydf /xg] 5f]/f5f]/Lsf cltl/Qm ljz]if u/]/ ljjfx kZrft\ hGd3/ 5f8]/ sd{3/df uPsf r]nLx?sf nflu of] cf}+;L afa'sf] d'v x]g]{ kj{sf] ?kdf a9L pNn]Vo aGg k'u]sf] kfOG5 .

u7aGwg ePsf] uh'/]nsf] cf/f]k

sf7df8f}+ ÷ g]skf–dfcf]jfbLsf pkfWoIf ;LkL uh'/]nn] cfkm\gf] kb hf]ufpg k|wfgdGqL 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{n] ;+3Lotf kIfw/sf gfddf u7aGwg agfpg nfu]sf] cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\ . g]kfn ;+3Lo hgu0ftflGqs df]rf{sf] sfo{qmddf pkfWoIf uh'/]nn] k|wfgdGqL e§/fO{n] cfkm\gf] kb hf]ufpg ;+3Lotf kIfw/ u7aGwg agfpg] tof/L u/]sf] eGb} ;f] e|ddf gkg{ klg cfu|x u/] .

 ;+3Lotf kIfw/sf] gfddf afa'/fdn] agfpg nfu]sf] u7aGwg cfkm\gf] k|wfgdGqLsf] s';L{ ;'/lIft ug]{ gLlt cg';f/ cfPsf] 5, uh'/]nn] eg], xfdLn] hlt afa'/fdnfO{ c?n] lrg]sf 5}gg\, pgnfO{ glrGg]nfO{ t afa'/fdn] /fd|} ug{ nfu]sf] efg knf{, t/ Tof] k|wfgdGqLn] s';L{ hf]ufpg] afx]s c? p2]Zoaf6 cfPsf] 5}g . pgsf cg';f/ lgjf{rg;Dd ;f] u7aGwg hf/L /fVg] eGg'sf] tfTko{ cfkm\gf] kb hf]ufpg] p2]Zo k|i6 x'G5 .

ef/tsf] lxt ljk/Lt sfd ulb{gF eg]/ a'emfPsf] kq ;fj{hlgs gu/L kf6L{ lg0f{o cg';f/ n]lvPsf] kq ;fj{hlgs u/]/ k|wfgdGqLn] k|f]kf]u08f u/]sf] klg pxfFn] cf/f]k nufpg' eof] .

vcWofb]zdfkm{t NofOPsf] cfof]u clwsf/sdL{x?n] gdfGg]

sf7df8f}+ . ;/sf/n] cWofb]zdfkm{t Nofpg] tof/L u/]sf] ;To lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk / a]kQf vf]hlag ;DaGwL cfof]unfO{ clwsf/sdL{x?n] c:jLsf/ ug]{ ePsf 5g\ . dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yf P8\ef]s];L kmf]/dsf cWoIf dlGb/f zdf{n] cWofb]zdfkm{t NofOPsf] cfof]u s'g} klg xfntdf :jLsfo{ gx'g] atfpg' eof] . ;/sf/n] dfgjclwsf/ pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{nonfO{ g]kfnaf6 labf u/] nuQ} /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]unfO{ klg sdhf]/ kfg]{ u/L gofF sfg"g agfof], o:tf] cj:yfdf cWofb]zdfkm{t ;To lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk / a]kQf vf]hlag ;DaGwL cfof]u Nofpg' lgof]lht sbd ePsf] 7DofO{ ePsf] 5 . cWoIf zdf{n] cWofb]zdfkm{t NofOPsf] sfg"g clwsf/sdL{sf ;fy} kLl8tx?n] ;d]t c:jLsf/ ug]{ 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf] pxfFn] atfpg' eof] .

cWofb]zdfkm{t cfof]u Nofpg'sf k5fl8 @, # j6f sf/0f x'g ;S5g, klxnf] t cWofb]zdfkm{t NofpFbf dfgjclwsf/sdL{n] lj/f]w ug]{ / To;sf] bf]if clwsf/sdL{nfO{ lbg] lgot b]lvG5, bf];|f] ljifo j:t'af/] klg k|z:t 5nkmn x'g gkfpg] x'Fbf of] cfof]u ck"/f] x'G5, t];|f] cfkm"n] eg]sf] h:tf] eP 7Ls gq aLrd} cfof]unfO{ t'xfpg] ;Defjgf klg b]lvG5 .

tLg–tLg aif{;Dd ;+;bdf 5nkmn x'Fbf cfof]u gNofpg], t/ ;+;b lj36g eP nuQ} cfof]u Nofpg vf]h]/ ;/sf/n] kLl8tsf dfuk|lt ;+j]bgzLn ePsf] e|d l;h{gf ug{ vf]h]sf] 5, cWoIf zdf{ eGg' x'G5 .

sfo{qmddf Pl;og x\o'dg /fO6\fO; sldzgsf lgb]{zs al;n kmgf{G8f]n] >Ln+sfdf ljutdf b]lvPsf] em}+ ;+s6 g]kfndf klg b]lvg yfn]sf]df lrGtf JoQm ug'{ eof] . ;g !(&! ;Dd >Ln+sf cToGt} ;d[4 /x] klg efiff, ;+:s[lt / e"uf]nsf] cfwf/df hgtfnfO{ pS;fpFbf >Ln+sfn] nfdf] ;do;Dd u[xo'4 v]Kg' k/]sf] pxfFn] :d/0f ug'{ eof] . Pl;og x\o'dg /fO6\O; sldzgn] g]kfndf dfgjclwsf/sf] /Iffsf nflu cfjfh p7fPsf] :d/0f ub}{ pxfFn] u0ftflGqs g]kfndf ;d]t h3Go ck/fwdf ;+nUgnfO{ cfddfkmL lbg] sfo{n] g]kfndf dfgjclwsf/ / ljlwsf] zf;g gfh's b]lvPsf] pxfFn] atfpg' eof] .

k]:tf]n ;lxt ;xgL lu/km\tf/

hn]Zj/ . xltof/ ;lxt k|x/Ln] dxf]Q/Lsf] uf}zfnfaf6 Ps hgfnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . kqmfp kg]{df uf}zfnf–$ sf #% jifL{o nId0f ;xgL /x]sf 5g\ . k|x/Ln] ;xgLsf] ;fyaf6 gns6'jf k]:tf]n @ yfg / ;f]df k|of]u x'g] tLg /fp08 uf]nL a/fdb u/]sf] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no uf}zfnfsf k|x/L lg/LIfs hogf/fo0f ofbjn] atfpg' eof] . Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no uf}zfnfaf6 vl6 uPsf] u:tL 6f]nLn] ;'/fsLsf] cfwf/df ;xgLsf] 3/df 5fkfdf/L ubf{ xltof/ ;lxt ;xgL kqmfp k/]sf] xf] . ;xgL ljleGg n'6kf6 / rf]/Lsf 36gfx?df ;+nUg /x]sf] k|x/Lsf] cf/f]k 5 .

kljq s'08sf] ;kmfO{

e}/xjf ÷ a'4hGd:yn n'lDagLdf /x]sf] kljq s'08sf] hn lgd{nLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 . dfofb]jL dlGb/sf] blIf0flt/ /x]sf] s'08sf] hn lxnf]df6f]sf sf/0f k|b"lift aGg yfn]kl5 lgd{nLs/0f ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . yfONof08sf] Ps ;+:yfsf] cfly{s ;xof]udf hn lgd{nLs/0f ul/Psf] n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifsf ;b:o ;lrj /fh]Gb| axfb'/ yfkf du/n] hfgsf/L lbP . hn k|b"lift aGbf s'08df /x]sf df5f, s5'jf nufotsf hnr/ wdfwd db}}{ hfg yfn]kl5 yfONof08sf] yfO{ k'+u yfO{ gfds ;+:yf;Fu ldn]/ lgd{nLs/0f ul/Psf] pgn] atfP .
k|frLg sfndf k'isl/0fL s'08 gfd /x]sf] ;f] s'08df O;fk"j{ ^ ;o @# l;4fy{ uf}td hGdg' cl3 dfofb]jLn] o;} s'08df :gfg u?L a'4nfO{ hGd lbPsf] / l;4fy{ uf}tdsf] hGdkl5 klxnf] :gfg o;} s'08df u/fOPsfn] of] s'08nfO{ kljq s'08 eGg yflnPsf] af}4 wd{u|Gydf pNn]v 5 . sl/j !% lkm6 ulx/f] / @% ld6/ nDafOPsf] s'08sf] ;txdf b'O{ j6f 5g\ .

v8\sfn] e|i6frf/ u/]sf] ;jf]{Rrsf] 7x/

sf7df8f}+ ÷ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] k"j{dGqL tyf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf g]tf v'd axfb'/ v8\sfn] e|i6frf/ u/]sf] km};nf u/]sf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs kbdf a;L s'n ($ nfv &$ xhf/ !@@ ?lkofF e|i6frf/ u/]sf] 7x/ ub}{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] v8\sfnfO{ ;f] /sd a/fa/df] ;DklQ hkmt, ;f]xL /sd a/fa/sf] hl/jfgf / 8]9 jif{ s}b ;hfFo tf]s]sf] 5 . ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLz sNof0f >]i7 / j}Bgfy pkfWofosf] Ohnf;n] ;f] km};nf u/]sf] xf] . GofofwLz sNof0f >]i7n] km};nf ;'gfpg' ePsf] lyof] . s'n *$ k[i7 nfdf] km};nfsf] k"0f{ kf7 gul/P klg ;+If]kdf v'd axfb'/ v8\sfsf] e|i6frf/ lhsL/ / clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] bfjL klg afrg ul/Psf] lyof] .

k"j{ dGqL v8\sfn] klxnf] k6s @)$* ;fn c;f/ !% ut] dGqL kb ;DxfNg' ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] ljleGg k6s u[x, ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f, >d tyf oftfoft nufotsf dGqLsf ?kdf sfd ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . @)$* ;fnb]lv @)%( ;fn c;f]h !* ut];Dd ;fj{hlgs kbdf a;L cs't ;DklQ sdfPsf] eGb} clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] v8\sf lj?4 ljz]if cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ u/]sf] lyof] . ljz]if cbfntn] ;f] d'2fdf pxfFnfO{ ;kmfO{ lbPsf] lyof] .

clVtof/n] k"j{dGqL v8\sf / pxfFsf >LdtL 5f]/L lznf / k'gd v8\sf lj?4 d'2f bfo/ u/]sf] lyof] . dGqL kbdf a;L ;s]kl5 v8\sfn] sf7df8f}+df (^ nfv ?lkofF eGbf df]n kg]{ 3/ vl/b u/]sf], 3/df ;hfj6 ul/Psf kmlg{r/ dfq} !$ nfv ?lkofFeGbf a9L d"No kg]{ /fv]sf], 5f]/LnfO{ ljb]zdf k9fPsf], >LdtL / 5f]/Lsf gfpFdf a}+s vftfdf /sd hDdf u/]sf], bfªdf !% nfv ?lkofF eGbf a9L kg]{ 3/ lgdf{0f u/]sf], k|z:t ;'g, rfFbL u/xgf hf]8]sf] t/ To;sf] ;|f]t eg] v'nfpg g;s]sf]n] k"j{dGqL tyf g]kfnL sf+u|]; g]tf v8\sfnfO{ e|i6frf/L 7x/ u/]sf] s'/f ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf ;'gfOPsf] km};nfdf pNn]v 5 .

v8\sfn] klxnf] k6s dGqL aGbf cfkm\gf] ;DklQ ljj/0fdf b'O{ nfv ?lkofF gub / bfªdf !) lj3f hdLg /x]sf] pNn]v ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;jf]{Rrsf] km};nfdf elgPsf] 5– dGqL kbdf a:bf b'O{ nfv ?lkofF / !) lj3f hdLg ePsf v8\sfsf] ;fj{hlgs kbdf a;]kl5sf] ;DklQdf b]lvPsf] ck|Toflzt kl/jt{g nufot s'/f c:jfefljs b]lvG5 .

v8\sfsf] km};nf ;'gfO;s]kl5 ;jf]{Rr cbfnt kl/;/df g]kfnL sf+u|];sf sfo{stf{x?n] v8\sfnfO{ if8\oGqk"j{s km;fOPsf] gf/fafhL u/]sf] lyP . o;}aLr, cbfntsf] km};nf ;'Gg] ljlQs} v8\sfsf ;dy{sx¿n] lbpF;f] ;jf]{Rr cbfnt aflx/sf] ;8s If]qdf lj/f]w k|bz{g u/] . 5'§f5'§} ;d"x agfP/ lj/f]wdf pq]sf sfo{stf{x?n] k|x/L / ;fj{hlgs u/L kfFr j6f ;jf/L ;fwg tf]8kmf]8 u/]sf] dxfgu/Lo 6«flkms k|x/L sfof{non] atfPsf] 5 . pQm 36gfdf ;+nUg /x]sf] cleof]udf @@ hgfnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] k|x/L kl/;/ sf7df8f}+sf k|jQmf wL/h k|tfk l;+xn] atfpg' eof] . lj/f]wsf qmddf k|x/L k|efu uf}zfnf / sf7df8f}+ kl/;/sf] Eofgdf Iflt k'u]sf] 5 . dfOtL3/df 6\ofS;L / lqrGb| SofDk; cufl8 nlntk'/ oftfoftsf] a;df tf]8kmf]8 ePsf] xf] . lbpF;f] # ah]kl5 l;+xb/jf/, k'tnL;8s, dfOtL3/ / nufotsf If]qsf] oftfoft k|efljt ePsf] lyof] . k|x/Ln] afSnf] pkl:ylt;Fu} To; If]qsf] ;'/Iff Joj:yf s8f kfl/Psf] lyof] .

^ yfg e?jf aGb's ;lxt kqmfp

tf}lnxjf . O{nfsf k|x/L sfof{no rGb|f}6fnn] 5 yfg e?jf aGb's ;lxt Ps JolQmnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . slknj:t'sf] lzjk'/ ^ afnfk'/df]8af6 xltof/ ;lxt ?s'd lhNnf sf]n uflj; % sf]n :yfO{ 3/ eO{ xfn lzjk'/ % df a:b} cfPsf jif{ $@ sf 6]s axfb'/ k'g kqmfp k/]sf x'g\ . pgn] e?jf aGb'ssf] kf6{k"hf{x? s'Gbf, Aof/]n -gfn_, 3f]8f / uh ;lxt cGo kf6k'hf{ ;d]t 5'6\ofO u'Gb|L / l;/ssf] af]/fleq /flv n}hfFb} u/]sf] cj:yfdf k|x/Ln] pgnfO{ kqmfp k/]sf] lyof] . xltof/ ;lxt kqmfp k/]sf 6]s axfb'/n] 5 xhf/ ?k}ofFsf b/n] 5 j6f e?jf aGb's vl/b u/L n}hfFb} ubf{ k|x/Ln] ljz]if ;'/fsLsf cfwf/df pgnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] xf] .

xltof/ rGb|f}6faf6 a'6jn, kfNkf / u'NdLsf] zflGtk'/, afUn'ªsf] a'lt{afË x'Fb} ?s''d k'¥ofpg] pgsf] of]hgf /x]sf] k|x/Lsf] k|f/lDes cg';Gwfgdf v'Ng cfPsf] 5 .

cfdfåf/f b'O{ ;Gtfgsf] xTof

c5fd .  c5fdsf] k'Notf]nf ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt ( sL Ps o'jtLn] cfkm\gf @ ;Gtfgsf] xTof u/]sL 5g\ . @$ jifL{of wg;/L /fjnn] @ jifL{o 5f]/f / # dlxgfsL 5f]/Lsf] 3/fo;L ljjfb a9]kl5 xTof u/]sf] pgsf klt dx]z /fjnn] atfPsf 5g\ . yk cg';Gwfgsf nflu k|x/Ln] wg;/L /fjnnfO{ k|x/L lgoGq0f lnPsf] 5 .

efnf /f]k]/ xTof

lj/f6gu/ ÷ df]/ª xflQd'9f j8f g+= ! sf 5]kf wgf{ dfemLn] 3/fo;L ljjfbdf cfkm\g} efO{sf] efnf /f]k]/ xTof u/]sf 5g\ . dlb/f ;]jg u/]sf 5]kfn] ljjfbsf qmddf jif{ #$ sf ;Gtf]if dfemLnfO{ efnf /f]k]sf lyP . ;Gtf]ifsf] 36gf:ynd} d[To' ePsf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . 5]kf eg] km/f/ ePsf 5g\ .

/]i6'/]G6df j]Zofj[lQ M k|x/L df}g–:yfgLo dsf{df

;Kt/L ÷ l;/xfsf] nxfg ahf/df /x]sf ljleGg /]i6'/]G6df lbg bfxf8} j]Zofj[lQ u/fpg] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . k"j{–klZrd nf]sdfu{ 5]p5fp nxfgdf v'n]sf ljleGg /]i6'/]G6x? !@–!# jif{sf s]6LnfO{ /fv]/ ;~rfnsx?n] v'n]cfd of}gwGbf ;~rfng u/fO/x]sf] / To;afkt u|fxs;Fu 7"nf] /sd c;'n ug]{ u/]sf] u'gf;f] u/]sf 5g\ . nxfgsf] ;KtClif gl;{ªxf]db]lv klZrd /fhdfu{sf] 5]p5fpdf vf]lnPsf] To:tf /]i6'/]G6x?df 7"nf] :j/, 5f8f uLt ahfOFbf 3/–l5d]sL Wjlg k|b"if0faf6 cfhLt eO{ k6s–k6s k|x/LnfO{ va/ ubf{ klg s]xL pkfo glg:s]sf] u'gf;f] :yfgLox?sf] /x]sf] 5 . /fhdfu{ 5]p5fp v'n]sf sl/j Ps bh{geGbf a9L /]i6'/]G6x?n] of}gwGbf ;~rfng ul//x]sf] / u|fsx?;Fu Ps xhf/ b'O{ ;ob]lv Ps xhf/ kfFr ;o;Dddf o'jtL tyf sf]7f pknAw u/fO/x]sf] ;|f]tn] hgfPsf] 5 . of}gwGbfdf nfu]sL o'jtLnfO{ k|lt u|fxs jfkt kfFr ;o ?k}ofF /]i6'/]G6 ;~rfnsn] lbP/ afFsL /sd cfkm" /fVg] u/]sf] / To;af6 :yfgLo k|x/LnfO{ 7"nf] sldzg lbg] u/]sf] hfgsf/L Ps /]i6'/]G6sf ;~rfnsn] lbPsf 5g\ . k|x/Lsf] ck|ToIf ?kdf ;xdlt /x]sf] of}gwGbf ;~rfnsx¿n] u|fxsx¿;Fu lao/, dlb/f, h'; cflbsf] ljqmLdf ;d]t dgf]dfgL /sd lng] u/]sf] Ps u|fxsn] atfP .

ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv nxfgsf] ljleGg xf]6]n tyf /]i6'/]G6df v'n]cfd of}gwGbf x'g] u/]sf] / To;nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ gfddf k|x/Ln] jif{df Ps b'O{ k6s b]vfj6L ?kdf 5fkfdf/L ug]{ u/]sf] :yfgLosf] egfO{ 5 . k|x/Ln] xf]6]n tyf /]i6'/]G6af6 ;dodf sldzg gkfpFbf cfqmf]lzt eP/ 5fkfdf/L ug]{ / sldzg lg/Gt/ kfO/xFbf cfFvf lrDn]/ a:g] u/]sf] 5 . gu/If]qdf /x]sf] bh{gf}+ xf]6]n / /]i6'/]G6df of}gwGbf v'n]cfd ;~rfng x'Fbf klg j8f k|x/L df}g a:g'nfO{ sldzgs} v]nsf] ?kdf lnPsf 5g\ . j8f k|x/L sfof{no nxfgsf] Ps lsnf]ld6/ If]qleq /x]sf ljleGg /]i6'/]G6 tyf xf]6]ndf ljxfgb]lv ca]/ /flt;Dd s] x'g] u/]sf] 5 k|x/Ln] yfkf kfpFbf klg sfgdf t]n xfn]/ a:b} cfPsf 5g\ .

cj}w 9+un] of}gwGbf ;~rfng u/L ;dfhdf ljs[lt km}nfpg] tyf u|fxs;Fu df]6f] /sd n'l6/x]sf To:tf /]i6'/]G6df 5fkf df/L o'jtL tyf ;~rfnsnf{O kqmfp u/L sfg"gL sf/jfxL ug'{ kg]{ dfu pkef]Qmf d~r dxf;+3sf] 5 . u|fxsnfO{ 7uL ug]{ /]i6'/]G6 ;~rfnsnfO{ Pg] cg';f/ sf/jfxL u/L ;dfhdf km}ln/x]sf] lj;+ult–ljs[lt /f]Sg' kg]{ atfP . o; ;DaGwdf j8f k|x/L sfof{no nxfgsf k|d'v;Fu k|ltlqmof dfUbf cfkm"nfO{ s]xL eGg' 5}g eGb} klG5Psf] 5 .