jif{ @!, c+s *, @)^( h]7 @% ut] laxLaf/

–lgdsfGt kf08]–

;jf{]Rr cbfntsf GofofwLz /0faxfb'/ addfly uf]nL xfg]/ lgd{dtfk"j{s xTof ul/Psf] ;ftf lbg lalt;Sbf klg uf]nL xfGg] JolQmsf] kQf] nfUg ;s]sf] 5}g . s;n] uf]nL xfGof] eGbf klg lsg uf]nL xfGof] eGg] k|Zgn] dxTj kfpg'kb{5 . GofofwLzx¿sf] lhDd]jf/L cToGt dxTjk"0f{ 5 eGg] s'/f ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 . dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L kfPsf GofofwLzx¿ st{Jok/fo0f x'g ;s]gg\ eg] lgbf{]if JolQmn] ;hfo kfpg] / bf]ifL JolQmn] pGd'lQm kfpg] cj:yf cfpFb5 . GofofwLz adsf] xTofkl5 ;a} GofofwLzx¿n] cfkm" ;Rrf Gofostf{ ePsf] dx;'; ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 cyf{t s;}dfly cGofo ug{'x'Fb}g .

GofofwLz /0faxfb'/ adsf] Ohnf;df of] k+lQmsf/n] klg s}of}+k6s ax; ug{] cj;/ k|fKt u/]sf] xf] . vf;u/L kf6g k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLzsf ¿kdf /0faxfb'/ ad sfo{/t /xFbfsf cj:yfdf k+lQmsf/n] u/]sf s]xL d'2fsf ax; :d/0fLo 5g\ . tLdWo] klg hgcfGbf]ng @)^@÷)^# df rlr{t kfq ag]sL cfdf 5fofb]jL k/fh'nLsf] d[To';Fu hf]l8Psf] d'2f ljz]if pNn]Vo 5 . k+lQmsf/n] pQm d'2fdf k|ltjfbL agfOPsf dgf]h /]UdLsf] kIfdf kf6g k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf ax; ubf{ d'Vo GofofwLz adl;t ePsf tfls{s ;+jfbx¿ d]/f] dfg;k6ndf emNemnL t/lËt eO/x]sf 5g\ . lgbf{]ifn] ;hfo kfpg' x'Fb}g eGg] :ki6 c8fg GofofwLz addf d}n] kfPsf] lyPF . Tof] d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ d'Vo GofofwLz ad / csf{ GofofwLz xl/axfb'/ a:g]tsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf; lyof] . GofofwLz xl/axfb'/ a:g]tn] cjsfz kfO;s]sf]

cj:yf 5 eg] /0faxfb'/ ad ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLzdf sfo{/t /x]/} klg ljut 8]9jif{b]lv d'2f x]g{ gkfpg] GofofwLzsf ¿kdf /xFbf/xFb} lgd{dtfk"j{s xTof ePsf] 5 . :d/0fLo 5, GofofwLz adsf] kfly{j z/L/ ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] kl/;/df /flvPsf] / lghnfO{ >4f~hnL JoQm ug{ cfpg]x¿sf] klQmdf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf rlr{t k"j{k|wfgGofofwLz /fdk|;fb >]i7sf] pkl:ylt ToxfF ePg .

x'g t ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf tTsfnLg k|wfgGofofwLz /fdk|;fb >]i7sf] gfd} tf]s]/ …;kmfofÚsf] ;"rL klg ;fj{hlgs ePsf] lyof] . o'lg6L k|s/0fdf tTsfnLg k|wfgGofofwLz >]i7 tTsfnLg cy{dGqL ;'/]Gb| kf08]sf] k|efjdf k/]/ o'lg6Llj?4 a8f] cgf}7f] cfb]z ePsf] lyof] . o'lg6Llj?4 ;/sf/L sf/afxL /f]Sg dfu ub{} cGtl/d cfb]zsf nflu ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf Gofo dfUg k'u]sf o'lg6Lsf ;~rfnsx¿nfO{ lg/fz t'Nofpg] u/L tTsfnLg k|wfgGofofwLz >]i7af6 clGtd km};nf u/]em}} …cfb]zÚ ePsf] lyof] . clGtd km};nfdf af]Ng'kg{] zAbx¿ k|of]u u/]/ k|wfgGofofwLz >]i7n] cfˆgf] Psn Ohnf;af6 …cGtl/d cfb]zÚ n]Vg'ePsf] lyof] . tL zAbx¿ dftxtsf cbfntx¿nfO{ o'lg6L k|s/0fsf d'2fdf k|efljt t'Nofpg] vfnsf 5g\ eg]/ GofofwLz /0faxfb'/ adn] of] k+lQmsf/l;tsf] e]6df JoQm ug{'ePsf] lyof] . of] k|;+u hfgsf/L ePkl5 g} GofofwLz /0faxfb'/ adnfO{ tTsfnLg k|wfgGofofwLz /fdk|;fb >]i7n] cs{} axfgfdf d'2f x]g{af6 al~rt ug{'ePsf] lyof] . addfly nufOPsf] sfNklgs cleof]u 6'Ëf] gnfUb} pxfFsf] xTof ePsf] 5 . GofofwLz adn] xftxltof/ tyf v/vhfgf d'2fdf w/f}6L tf/]vdf 5f]8\g gx'g] cleo'QmnfO{ 5f]8]sf] eGg] cf/f]k nufP/ d'2f x]g{af6} al~rt ul/Psf] lyof] . pxfFdfly o:tf]vfnsf] cGofo ug{] JolQm k"j{k|wfgGofofwLz /fdk|;fb >]i7 x'g'x'G5 eg] >]i7af6} ePsf] cGofonfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg]df jt{dfg k|wfgGofofwLz lvn/fh /]UdL klg x'g'x'G5 .

e|i6frf/ ;Da4 d'2fx¿df ljz]if rrf{ kfpg'ePsf tTsfnLg k|wfgGofofwLz /fdk|;fb >]i7af6} ePsf d'2fsf kmfOnx¿ cg';Gwfg ug{] xf] eg] g]kfnu~hsf s}of}+ ck/fwLx¿ pxfFsf] Ohn;faf6 lgbf{]if agfOPsf] kfOg] bfjL g]kfnu~hsf Pshgf k'/fgf sfg'g Joj;foLn] of] k+lQmsf/;Fu u/]sf 5g\ . :d/0fLo 5, k"j{k|wfgGofofwLz /fdk|;fb >]i7 g]kfnu~hdf dfq} cf7 jif{ GofofwLzdf sfo{/t /xg'eof] .

GofofwLz addfly uf]nL k|xf/ eP/ pxfFsf] xTof eO;s]kl5 pxfFk|lt 7"nf] ;Ddfg ePsf] 5 . pxfFdflysf] uf]nLnfO{ k|wfgdGqLn] /fi6«dflysf] r'gf}tL eGg'ePsf] 5 eg] k|wfgGofofwLz lvn/fh /]UdLn] ;Dk"0f{ Gofofnodflysf] r'gf}tL 7fGg'ePsf] cleJolQm aflx/ cfPsf] 5 . d/]sf] dfG5]nfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ hfGg] ;+:sf/ ePsf] xfd|f] ;dfhdf GofofwLz /0faxfb'/ ad cfˆgf ;xsdL{x¿af6 lhpFb} dfl/Psf lyP, a? oyfy{d} dfl/Pkl5 pgL hLljt GofosdL{ aGg k'u]sf 5g\ . GofofwLz adsf] xTofn] ;a} GofofwLzx¿dfly g}lts ansf] ljhf/f]k0f klg u/]sf] x'g;Sb5 .

g]kfnu~hdf sfg'g Joj;fo ug{] qmddf @)$# ;fnlt/sf] Pp6f 36gf of] k+lQmsf/nfO{ :d/0f eO/x]sf] 5 . afFs] lhNnf cbfntdf Pp6f 8fFsf d'2fsf] y'g5]s;DaGwL ax;df cleo'QmnfO{ tf/]vdf 5'6fpg d}n] ;lsg . 8fFsf d'2fsf cleo'QmdWo]sf afa' km/f/ lyP eg] 5f]/f kqmfp k/]sf lyP . kqmfp k/]sf 5f]/fnfO{ afFs] lhNnf cbfntn] h]n rnfg u¥of] . ;f]xL lbgsf] /ftL !@ ah]lt/ d]/f] 8]/fsf] 9f]sfdf cfjfh lbg sf]xL cfof] . 9f]sf vf]nL x]bf{ /fOkmn af]s]sf] Ps ckl/lrt JolQmn] jlsn ;fx]a gd:sf/ eGof] . cfˆgf] kl/ro 8fFsf d'2fsf] d'Vo cleo'Qm hubLz eg]/ lbof] . laxfg cFWof/}df labf x'g] u/L d]/f] 8]/fsf] 5tdf ;'Tg] cg'dlt dfUb} cfˆgf] 5f]/fnfO{ c~rn cbfntaf6 5'6fpgsf nflu vr{ eGb} ^) xhf/ ef? /flvPsf] Pp6f emf]nf dnfO{ hah{:tL ydfOlbof] . of] 36gfaf/] e]/L c~rn cbfntsf tTsfnLg GofofwLz a'l4sfGt d}gfnLnfO{ d}n] To;}a]nf hfgsf/L u/fPsf] lyPF . ef? ;f7L xhf/ /flvPsf] emf]nf tLg lbg;Dd 8f]/fd} /fv]/ qf;sf ;fy al;of] . kl5 km]l/ e]6\g cfPsf tL 8fFsf cleo'QmnfO{ k};f vr{ gu/]/} tf/]vdf 5'6fpg k|of; u5{' eg]/ emf]nf lkmtf{ ul/lbPF . GofofwLz a'l4sfGt d}gfnLsf] g}ltstfn] dnfO{ alnof] aGg d2t u¥of] . ;a} GofofwLzx¿n] To:t} g}lts cfr/0f sfod /fVg ;Sg] xf] eg] Gofokflnsf ;fFlRrs} Gofosf] dlGb/ klg aGg ;Snf / GofofwLz /0faxfb'/ adn] h:tf] hLpFb} dfl/g] / d/]kl5 >4f kfpg] l:ylt klg g/xnf ls < cfUo] Gofod"tL{hLx¿nfO{ r]tgf eof

–rGb|k|sfz aflgofF

lhDd]jf/L k"/f gul/sg ;+ljwfg;efsf] cjzfg ef] . k6s k6s Dofb ylkPsf] x'gfn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] d[To'nfO{ c;fdlos eGg eg] ldn]g . ;+ljwfg;efsf] kl5Nnf] ;lqmotfn] dfG5]x¿df cfzf hufPsf] lyof] . w]/} ljifox¿df ;xdlt e};s]sf] lyof] elgGYof] . ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] cfkm\gf] h'Fuf] /fVg] s;/t gul/lbPsf eP g]kfnL hgtfn] ;+ljwfg kfpg] ;Defjgf k|an b]lvPsf] lyof] . k6s k6s ;+ljwfg;efsf] cfo' a9fpFbf …cfjZostfsf] l;4fGtÚ sf] gfpFdf ;jf]{+Rrn] ;d]t wfk dfb}+ cfPsf] x'gfn] bnx¿df l9nf;':tL ug]{ / Dofb yKb} hfg] afgL nfu]sf] xf] . hlta]nf ;+ljwfg aGg] nIf0f lyPg, Tolta]nf cbfntn] wfkdfb}{ uof], hlta]nf ;+ljwfg aGg] ;Defjgf b]lvPsf] lyof] Tolta]nf cbfntn] 9f]sf aGb u¥of], ;+ljwfg;efsf] xft afFlwlbof] . ljifo kl/l:yltsf] lgikIf d"NofÍg ug]{ xf] eg] ;+ljwfg s:sf] g]t[Tjdf aGg] / s:tf] aGg] eGg] ljifodf cbfntn] ;d]t cfu|x /fVof] ls eGgnfO{ wsfpg' kb}{g .

tLtf]6/f]{ zAbdf eGg] xf] eg] ;+ljwfg;efsf] xTof/f] ;jf]{Rr cbfnt g} xf] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb ( lbg dfq afFsL lyof] / ;+3Lotfsf] ljifodf /fhgLlts bnx¿aLr ;xdlt h'6\g ;s]sf] lyPg eGg] s'/faf6 cbfnt cglj1 lyof] eGg ldNb}g . ;xdlt gh'6]sf] ljifonfO{ k|lqmofdf nu]/ 6'Ëofpg'sf] ljsNk afFsL lyPg . ;ef;bx¿n] rnfPsf] x:tfIf/ k|s/0fn] ljjflbt ljifonfO{ k|lqmofdf k|j]z u/fpFbf cfjZos u0fk'/s ;+Vof k'Ug] :ki6 b]lvPsf] lyof] . cbfntn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] …Dofb yKg} gldNg]Ú cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L ul/lbgfn] klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotfsf] ljkIfdf /x]sf /fhgLlts bnx¿nfO{ ;+ljwfg;ef t'xfpg] cj;/ ldNof] . o;/L l9n} ePklg cfkm\gf] bfloTj k"/fug]{ cj;/af6 ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ jl~rt u/fOof] . cbfntn] d'n's x]/]g, hgtfsf] cfsf+Iff a'em]g, ;dosf] cfjZostflt/ b[li6lbg] h?/t 7fg]g, ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf klg x]/]g . p;n] t s]an cfkm"n] u/]sf] km};nf x]¥of] . s8fOsf;fy cfkm\gf] km};nf sfof{Gjog u/fpg] p;sf] lh2Ln] d'n'snfO{ jiff}{ kl5 ws]Ng;Sg] s'/flt/ gh/cGbfh ug]{ d'9tf k|bz{g u/]s} xf] . To;df s'g} cfu|x k"jf{u|x lyPg xf]nf eg]/ kTofpg ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g eGg' a9\tf x'Fb}g .

;+ljwfgtM ;jf]{Rrsf] cfb]z cg'nª\£o lyof], ;+ljwfg;ef lj3l6t x'g}kYof]{, eof] . /fhgLlts bnx¿aLr ;xdlt ah'6]sf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/;Fu gofF lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff ug'{sf] ljsNk lyPg . lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] 5 . ;Qfnf]n'ktfsf] dfdnfdf jbgfd ePsf /fhgLlts bnx¿ ;/sf/nfO{ ckb:tug]{ u/fpg] v]ndf plqPsf 5g\ . ;8sb]lv lztnlgjf;;Ddsf] pgLx¿sf] bf}8w'k s]jn ;Qfs} nflu xf] . pgLx¿sf] cfGbf]ng, cfu|+x / lh/xdf d'n'ssf] lxtlrGtg 5 eGg ldNb}g . nf]eLkfkLx¿sf] Tof] lsQfn] uf]oaN; ;}nLdf g]skf dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/nfO{ …;+ljwfg;ef lj36gÚ sf] cf/f]k nufO{ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . cjZo klg ;+ljwfg agfpg] bfloTj k"/f gx'Fb} ;+ljwf;ef lj36g x'g] kl/l:ylt pkl:yt x'gaf6 /f]Sg] Joj:yfksLo Ifdtf k|bz{g ug{ g]skf dfcf]jfbL / p;sf] g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/n] g;s]s} xf] . ;fFrf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] ;+ljwfg;efsf] csfnd[To'sf] d'Vo lhDd]jf/ ;jf]{Rrsf] cljjs]k"0f{ km};nf g} xf] . bf]>f] lhDd]jf/ kIf ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ ;+ljwfg agfpg] cj;/af6 jl~rt agfpg] v]ndf nfUg] Pdfn] sfFu|];h:tf /fhgLlts bnx¿ g} x'g\ eGg] s'/f g]kfnL hgtfn] /fd|};Fu a'lem;s]sf] 5 . c;n / sd;naLr lje]b ug{;Sg] g]kfnL hgtfsf] Ifdtf ljut ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg kl/0ffdn] b]vfO;s]sf] s'/f /fhgLlts bnx¿n] oltrfF8} glj;{g'kg]{ xf] . sd;]sd em'7sf] v]tL u/]/ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ca e|ldt u/fpg ;lsb}g .

;/sf/n] lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]s] klg tf]lsPsf] ldltdf lgjf{rgsf] nflu d'n's tof/ e}xfNg] nIf0f b]lvPsf] 5}g . cyf{t ;+ljwfg;efsf] kl5Nnf] lgjf{rgn] ;ftf] lnPsf bnx¿ tTsfn lgjf{rgdf hfg 8/fPsf] xf] ls h:tf] b]lvPsf] 5 . 8/5]?jf / kfgLd?jf g} eP klg ;a} bnx¿sf] ;xdlt ljgf lgjf{rg cfof]hgf x'g ;Qm}g . sd;]sd Pdfn] sfFu|]; dWo] s'g} Psn] ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj kfpg] jf dxTjk"0f{ dGqfnox¿ pgLx¿sf] kf]N6fdf kg]{ l:ylt gag] ;Dd lgjf{rgsf lgldQ tL b'O{ bnx¿ tof/ x'g] 5}gg\ eGg] s'/fdf g]skf dfcf]fjbL / dw];jfbL bnx¿n] a]n}df ;xfg'e"ltk"j{s ljrf/ ul/lbg} kg]{ cj:yf 5 eGbf km/s kb}{g .

ljgf ;+ljwfg d'n's rNb}g . ;+ljwfg t agfpg} k5{ . ls t ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ k'ghL{jg lbg] lxDdt ug'{ k¥of] . To;f]ubf{ ;jf]{Rrn] tuf/f] gt];f{pnf eGg ;lsGg . sfg'gL / ;+j}wflgs afwf c8\rg km'sfpg] lhDd]jf/L ;jf]{Rrn] s'/f ;'lglbg] x}l;ot /fVg]x¿n] lng'kg]{ x'G5 . s'/f] gn'sfOsg eGg'kbf{ Pdfn] sfFu|];sf] pRr g]t[Tjn] kxn ubf{ To;sf] ;Defjgf klg b]lvG5 . To;cy{df sfFu|];L ;ef;bx¿n] rnfPsf] cleofgnfO{ ;sf/fTds / ;Defjgfo'Qm k|oTg eGg ldN5 . xf]Og eg] ;+ljwfglgdf{0fsf] lgldQ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ug}{kg]{ x'G5 . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf w]/} ljsNkx¿ ljZj cEof;df /x]sf xf]nfg t/ hgtfsf k|ltlgwx¿n] ;+ljwfg agfpg' ;aeGbf /fd|f] / k|hftflGqs cEof; xf], pQd ljsNk xf] .

$÷$ jif{sf] kl/>d v]/ uof], d'n'sn] ;+ljwfg kfPg . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] 5f]6f] af6f]sf] vf]hL x'g' :jfefljs xf] . ToxL l;nfl;nfdf d'n'ssf s}of} sfg'gljb / ;+ljwfgsf 1ftf elgPsf ljåfgx¿n] ;+ljwfg cfof]usf] ;'emfj lbg yfn]sf 5g\ . cfof]un] ;+ljwfg tof/ u/]/ ;+;baf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg] ljsNk klg ;'emfPsf 5g\ . jf:tjdf Tof] ;/f;/ hgtfsf] clwsf/ xgg ug]{ s'/f xf] . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0faf6 hgtfnfO{ jl~rt ug'{ x'Fb}g . ;+ljwfg hgdtaf6 lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx¿af6} n]lvg'k5{ . klxnf] s'/f t ;+ljwfgn] Joj:yf g} gu/]sf] Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] lgjf{rg ug]{ ;Nnfx u}/sfg'gL / u}/;+j}wflgs xf] . s'g sfg'gsf] cfwf/df ;+;bsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg ldNg] xf] s'GgL < Tof] lgtfGt d'v{tfk"0f{ ts{ xf] eGg wsfpg' kb}{g . cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn] ^)! ;b:o /x]sf] ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ g} Joj:YffksLo lhDd]jf/L k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] . ^)! sf] ;+Vof 7"nf] eof], vrf{n' eof] eg]/ l6sfl6Kk0fL ub}{ cfPsf] ljåt ;dfhn] pxL k'/fgf] cfsf/sf] ;+;bsf] lgjf{rgsf] ;'emfj lbPsf] t gx'g'kg]{ xf] . cfsf/ ;fgf] agfpgsf nflu cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf ;+zf]wg ug'[kg]{ xf]nf . ;+;b lj3l6t e};s]sf] cj:yfdf s;n] ;+zf]wg ul/lbg] clg ;fg' lrl6Ss k/]sf] ;+;bsf] lgjf{rg ug'{ < lj3l6t ;+ljwfg;efn] rf/ rf/ jif{;Dd klg ;+ljwfg agfpg g;Sg'sf] sf/0f ;+ljwfg n]Vg ghfg]/ xf]Og, /fhgLlts bnx¿aLr ;+ljwfgsf cGta{:t'x¿df ;xdlt h'6\g g;s]sf] x'gfn] xf] eGg] s'/f g]kfnsf ljåfg, a'l4hLjL, sfg'gj]Qf / ;+ljwfgljbx¿n] lsg ga'em]sf xf]nfg\ / ljåfg lj1x¿sf] cfof]u agfpg] s'/f u/]sf xf]nfg\ s'GgL < gofF lgjf{rgsf] ljsNk 5}g . lgjf{rg x'g}k5{ . ljut $ jif{df ;+ljwfg;efn] u/]sf] sfdnfO{ dfGotf lbP/ ;N6fpg afFsL ljifox¿nfO{ 6'Ëf] nufpg] / sdeGbf sd ;dodf ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ff ug'{ g} ca ug{ ;lsg] / ug}{kg]{ s'/f xf] .

–gf/fo0fk|;fb zdf{

of] ljZj a|Dxf08 dfgj hfltsf] v]nf}gf x}g . ;"o{, rGb|, u|x, pku|x, k[YjL, jfo', cfsfz, jg h+un, vf]nf gfnf, kxf8 kj{t cflb cgGt j:t'x¿ k|s[ltsf ;'Gb/ /rgf x'g\ . k|f/Dedf of] a|Dxf08df hLjg g} lyPg . of] k|f/lDes k|s[ltsf] ;[li6 cdfgjLo lyof] . xfjf, kfgL, df6f], 3fd kfP/ qmdzM k|f0fLx¿sf] pTklQ eof] . dflg; k|s[ltsf] klxnf] ;[li6 xf] . uha 5, dfG5]n] g} k|s[ltsf] j}ej shfP/ cg]s ;'Gb/ /rgf yKof] .

dfgjLo ;[li6df klg dfgjLo Joj:yfkg rflxG5 . clxn] ToxL Joj:yfkgsf] ;j{q cefj v6\lsG5 . zf;sx¿, g]tfx¿ of cu'jfx¿g} nf]eL kfkL, :jfyL{, JolQmjfbL, hxfgjfbL, ljj]s]xLg eP/, ;j{q 6s/fx6 5 . k|s[ltdf u8j8 x'Fbf ;fdflhs ljkb\x¿ cfOkb{5g\ . To:t} dfgj hfltdf u8a8 a9\bf emg} eofgs u8a8L k}bf x'G5 .

Joj:yfkg ;lhnf] 5}g . x]/fOdf, a'emfOdf, sfd u/fOdf / p2]Zodf km/s kbf{ :jfy{x¿ 6s/fpFb5g\ . hLjg snfsf/sf] ;/n /]vf /x]g5 . k"0f{tf eGg] s]xL 5}g . To;}n] k"vf{x¿n] eg] …k"0f{:o k"0f{dfbfo k"0f{d]jfjlziot]Ú . g]kfnsf] cj:yf t cToGt} bogLo 5 . w]/} cu'jfx¿ Psbd} ckl/kSj k|f/lDes cj:yfsf h:tf nfU5g\ ;fdflhstf / ;xdlt ;fd"lxs hLjgsf cleGg d"No / dfGotf x'g\ . t/ g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf oxL s'/fsf] 7"nf] cefj 5 . To;}n] clxn] hgtfdf a9L lg/fzf 5fPsf] 5 . tyflk o;df crDd dfGg' kg]{ s'/f s]xL 5}g . hLjgsf] clwsf+z efu …6«fon P08 O// d]y8Ú cg';f/ rNbf] /x]5 . ;dfh ljsf;sf] lgod ;/n /]vf h:tf] /x]g5 .

g]kfnsf] clxn]sf] /fhgLlt Pp6} zlQmsf] ks8df 5}g . ;fy} ;xdltsf] jftfj/0f klg 5}g . of s'g} zlQm alnof] x'g'kYof]{ of To:tf] geP ldn]]/ hfg ;Sg' kYof]{ . lj8Djgf s:tf] 5 eg] ca alnof] dflgPsf zlQm klg lj36gsf] lbzflt/ nDsb} 5g\ . x/]s dfG5] ljzfntflt/ x}g ;+sL0f{tflt/ s'lb/x]5g\ . s]xL ckjfb hLljt 5g\ . To;}n] xfdL klg 9's'/9's'/ ;f; km]l//x]sf 5f} ;+ljwfg;ef lgdf]l7Psf] cfh P3f/ lbg eO;Sof] . oxfF dnfdLdf x'g] d'bf{ zflGt klg 5 / cf/f]k k|Tof/f]ksf] af9L klg 5 . v} hgljb|f]x klg stf uof] < d}n] clnslt a'lemEofPsf] ;+;f/ b'O{yl/sf] 5 . Pp6f xf] cfGtl/s ;+;f/, csf]{ xf] afx\o ;+;f/ . dgsf] cfFvf v'Nbf dflg;n] sd{ / 1fgnfO{ k[ys ;Demg} x'Gg . 1fgn] sd{ l;sfpF5 / sd{n] 1fg l;sfpF5 . cfdf cfkm\gf] sfvsf] lzz' x]/]/ xfF:5], lzz' cfdf x]/]/ xfF:5 . b'j}af6 b'j}n] l;S5g\ . of] l;sfO k|fs[lts xf], ;xh xf] . o;}af6 ;+;f/ rn]sf] 5 . uLtfsf] sd{of]u / 1fg of]u klg oxL xf] . a'4sf] ejrqmaf6 kf/ x'g] lgjf{0fsf] af6f] klg ToxL xf] . d}n] dfS;{sf] ju{ ;+3if{df klg ToxL b]V5' . aRrf b"wsf] nflu ?g' klg ;+3if{sf] Pp6f ¿k xf] . xfdL u[x:y hLjgnfO{ x]/f}, ;+3if{, 7:ofs7";'s, k|]d ;a} ToxL+ 5 . ldn]/ pTkfbg u5{g\ / ldn]/} pkef]u u5{g\ . ha Pp6fn] a7\ofOF ug{ yfN5 clg ToxfF jfbljjfb rN5 . cGtdf ;+jfb rN5 .

cem} klg u|fdL0f hLjgdf ;xhLjg / ;xpTkfbgsf ;fgf–;fgf gd"gf y'k|} kfOG5g\, To:t} zx/L hLjgdf klg Tof] ¿k k"/} ;dfKt ePsf] 5}g . cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgdf cln a9L c;dfg Pj+ c;Gt'ng kfOG5 . ToxfF y'k|} ljs[lt / lj;+ult Ps;fy b]Vg ;lsG5 . zx/L hLjgdf klg oxL xf] . clns sd{ / /xg;xg km/s k5{ . kqsfl/tfsf] hLjg klg To:t} xf] . clns zx/L hLjg;Fu a9L ufl;Psf] 5 . eGg}kg]{ xf] eg] sdhf]/L b'j}lt/ 5g\ .

! cfu|x @ k"jf{u|x, # :jfy{ $, c1fgtf % Oiof{, ^ å]if, & hng, * 3[0ff, ( cx+sf/, !) 5n5fd, !! rl/qxLgtf / !@ d"Vof{O cflb bf]if ;j{q kfO{G5 .

cfhsf] kqsfl/tf dfq k|f]kf]u08f xf] kqsf/ k|f]kf]ul08i6 x'g\ .

cvaf/sf] d"n nIo cfocfh{g xf], /f]huf/L xf] . ldl8ofdf lj1fkg 5fPsf] x'G5 . hlt sfnf] lsg gxf];\ ;]tf] elgG5 . h"; e"; hlQs} tYoxLg x'G5 t/ To;sf] k|rf/ cd[tkfg h:t} nf]enfUbf] u/L jl0f{t x'G5 . ToxfF ls/f lsg gxf];\ lx/fh:t} r+lsnf] kfl/G5 . kqsfl/tfsf] d"nu+ufhLsf] d"n h:t} z'4 5, rf]vf] 5 . t/ afudtLdf em+} kmf]xf]/ ldl;Psf] 5 . /¨ Lg cvaf/, /¨ Lg l6 =le=, ;Q/¨ L OGb]|0fLem} /¨ Lr¨ L b]lvG5 . t/ csf]{ rZdfn] x]g'{xf];\ cs}{ b]lvG5 . of] klg xfd|f] z/L/ h:tf] 5 . Psftk{m z/L/sf] ;+/rgf g} slt df]xs 5 < To;df klg gfgfljlw 8«]; / ljljw n]kgn] ;f}Gbo{sf] k|tLsh:t} x'G5 z/L/ . t/ leqsf] zNolqmof ug'{xf];\ ToxfF dfq} xf8, df;', vsf/, l;Ëfg, b'u{Gw ;lxtsf] dn–d'q klg x'G5 .

t/ o:tf] z/L/af6 xfdL cfzf ub{5f}+ 1fg, ljj]s, ts{, ;t\a'l4, bof, s?0ff, :g]x, ;b\efj cflb . log}af6 ;f/f ;+;f/ rn]sf] 5 . xfdLn] ug]{ /fhgLlt, ;dfhgLlt, kqsfl/tf ;a} ToxL+ 5 . lj1fgn] ;+;f/jf/] w]/} kQf nufO;s]sf] 5 . t/ dflg; leq s] s] 5 < kQf nufpg ufx|f] 5 . dfG5] dxfg\eGbf dxfg\ 5 . t'R5eGbf t'R5 klg 5 .

Psl5g g]kfnsf] Oltxf; kN6fP/ x]/f} . 6f9f lsg ljqmdztfAbLs} s'/f u/f}, xfdLn] /f0ff zf;g, zfx zf;g / cfhsf] jt{dfg zf;gnfO{ x]/f}+ . aflx/ x]bf{ /f0ff zf;gsf] rsrsL ;fgf] lyPg . t/ s]xL ckjfb afx]s h¨ axfb'/ b]lv ;a} axfb'/x¿sf] b'Mvb cGt eof] . !)# jif{leq hDd} if8\oGq, 5n, k|k~r lyof] . zfxL zf;gdf klg jL/]Gb|sf] j+z gfzkl5 1fg]Gb| zf;g s;/L 9Nof] <

;fdfj]zL nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] kfFrjif]{sfn klg slDt kL8fbfos /x]g . olta]nfsf] /fhgLlts kmf]xf]/L v]nsf] kl/b[Zo /fd|f] u/L 5tf5'Nn eof] . o; cltl/Qm xfdLn] ;du|df aflx/L ;+;f/ x]bf{ rsfrf}+w 5 . ljBfno, dxfljBfno, c:ktfn, :jfYorf}sL d]rLb]lv dxfsfnL;Ddsf] ;'ud b'u{d\ h] eGg';\ ;8s lj:tf/, lah'nL, kfgL, zx/L rdemd k|s[ltn] lbPsf] / xfdLn] ;hfPsf] xfd|f] z/L/eGbf sd ;'Gb/ 5 / g]kfn < lxd>[ª\vnf, gb\gbL / jg:klt s] 5}g <

Psl5g sf7df8f}+sf] k|b'if0f / cefj lA;]{/ xjfO{ ;e]{ ug'{ xf];\ . oqf] lemnLldnL ;xh} b]Vg ;lsGg / < ckzf]r leqsf] z/L/sf] k|b'if0fem} zx/L k|b'if0f s] u/L d]6fpg] < ;a} k|b'if0f x6fpg ;lsPnf t/ dgsf] d}nf] s;/L x6fpg] < o;af/] dgM zf:qn] s]xL s'/f vf]tn]sf] 5 . dgM zf:qLx¿sf cg';f/ dgsf b'O{ txx¿ 5g\ . Pp6f r]tgdg / csf]{ cr]tgdg . r]tgdgsf] efu ;fgf] 5 . cr]tgdgsf] If]q lgs} 7"nf] 5 . r]tgdgsf] s'/f yfxf kfpg Tolt ufx|f] 5}g t/ cr]tgdgleqsf] s'/f] :jo+ cfkm}nfO{ a'‰g ufx|f] x'G5 . xfd|f a'l4hLjL elgg]x¿ xfd|f, g]tf dflgg]x¿ / xfd|f kqsf/ dflgg]x¿n] xfd|f] cr]t\ dgaf6 s] s] lj:kmf]6 u/fpg] x'g\ cg'dfg ug{ ufx|f] 5 .

))& ;fnb]lvsf] ;+ljwfg;ef clxn];Dd cnkq 5 . bf]if s;sf] eg]/ ax; ;'? ePsf] 5 . b'O{ w|'jdf b]lvPsf /fhgLlts bnx¿ clxn] cf/f]kk|Tof/f]kdf 3'F8f w;]/ nfu]sf 5g\ . ptf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] cfo' 6''ª\UofOlbPsf] 5 . otf dgsf] kfln{ofd]G6 h;sf t; 5 . ;+;f/sf] / g]kfnsf] kfln{ofd]G6 ;j{;Ddt b'n{e 5 . To:t} dgsf] kfln{ofd]G6df åGb rln/xG5 . juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, slt xf] slt < ete]b 5g\ . dgM zf:q eG5 s'g} dfG5] o'lgs 5}g . ckjfbdf dfq kfFr k|ltzt dfG5] o'lgs 5g\ . tyflk dte]b slt 7"nf] 5 < To;f] eP klg ;+;f/ rn]s} 5, l6s]s} 5 . 8flj{gsf cg';f/ …anjfg\ afFR5, sdhf]/ d5{Ú (Survival of The fittest ) o;f] eP klg ;a}nfO{ ;+s6 kbf{ l;+x, ;k{, xfQL Ps} 7fpF rf}lsG5g\ @)^@÷)^# sf] cGbf]ng To:t} xf] . aflx/sf] kfln{ofd]G6 Ps h:tf] b]lvP klg JolQm JolQmsf], bn bnsf], u'6 u'6sf], kfln{ofd]06 ;j{;Ddlt sxfF ;+ej x'G5 < ;xdlt gx'Fbf ;ef{Ojn ckm\ lb lkm6]:6sf] lgod nfu" x'g] xf]nf . of] alnof] afFRg] / sdhf]/ l;l4g] s'/f g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df xfdL g]kfnL dfqdf sxfF lge{/ 5 / < xfdLn] xfd|f] u[x snx ;dfKt ug{ g;Sbf l5d]sLx¿nufot ;+;f/sf zlQm /fi6«x¿ r'k nfu]/ x]l//xG5g\ eGg] e|d kfln/xg] xf] eg] g]kfn cGtxLg ;+3if{sf] e"d/Ldf kg]{ lglZrt 5 .

–/f]dxif{ lwtfn

8f=s]z/hË /fodfemL b/af/k/:t eP . kf6L{leqsf] ;}4flts ax; d cfkm}n] s] a'em]sf] lyPF eg] s]z/hË /fodfemL blIf0fkGyL cj;/jfbsf] 9f]sfdf k'lu;s]sf 5g\ . kf6L{nfO{ cfTd;dk{0f u/fpg] b':k|of; ul//x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/fdf d 9'Ss lyPF . bfh' hLj/fh eg] pk/f]Qm nfOg -/fodfemL nfOg_s} kIfdf jsfnt ug{'x'GYof] . bfh' hLj/fh;Fu bfOefOsf] ;fOgf] eP klg /fhgLlts nfOgdf xfdL km/s eof}+ . d]/f] cfˆg} tl/sf lyof], d}n] lzj/fh uf}tdnufotsf g]tfx¿;Fu ;fdLKotf /fVby]+ . d}n] k;n ubf{ub{} agf/; ef/tdf xfO:s'nsf] kmf/d e/]+ . bfª 5fq d08naf6 lg:sg] …;Gb]zÚsf] k|rf/dGqL klg ag]+ . To;a]nf agf/;sf g]kfnL ljBfyL{x¿sf] r'gfj lyof], Tof] r'gfjsf] k|rf/df –h'Qf lsGg sfgk'/ hfg] of]hgf lyof] . k|bLk lu/L / nf]sdl0f cfrfo{sf aLrdf k|lt:kwf{ lyof] . k|bLk lu/L ljåfg / tfls{s dfG5] xfdL;Fu 5nkmn ug{ 8]/fdf cfpFy] / ef]6sf] nflu cg'/f]w uy{], xfdL klg 5nkmndf pgLnfO{ o; o; sf/0fn] ef]6 lbg ldNb}g eGYof}+ . kmf/d el/of] r'gfj l;l4of] . d}n] sfgk'/af6 %, ^ xhf/ ef?sf] h'Qf lsg]/ dfgk'/ bfªsf] k;ndf cfO k'u]+ . k;ntk{meGbf d]/f] ?rL /fhgLltlt/} lyof] . lj:tf/} k;n lj:yflkt klg eof] .

xfdL agf/;df k'gM k/LIff lbg uof}+ . #, $ dlxgf hlt k9fO / agf/;sf] /fhgLlts rxnkxnn] xfdLnfO{ /fhgLlts ¿kdf df‰g] sfd u¥of] . r]tgf:t/ j[l4 ePsf] dx;'; eof] . ;ef, uf]i7L t sl/a sl/a eOg} /xGYof] . k/LIff lbP/ ar]sf] k};fn] dfS;{jfbL lstfax¿ lsg]/ 3/ kmls{of}+ . /fhgLlts e]63f6 / 5nkmn lg/Gt/ x'g yfn] . zf]ef/fd a:g]t / d}n] ;Nnfx u/]/ bfªsf] vfb|] eGg] 7fpFdf lzIfs ag]/ hfg] lg0f{o u¥of}+ . vfb|]df lgdflj :s'n lyof], zf]ef/fdhL x]8df:6/ / d lzIfssf ¿kdf :s'ndf k|j]z u¥of}+ . cGo b'O{ hgf klxn]b]lv lzIfs x'g'x'GYof] . vfb|]df xfdLn] hgtfsf dfem cfˆgf /fhgLlts s'/fx¿ /fVg yfNof}+ . sl/a–sl/a ;a}n] xfd|f s'/fk|lt rfv /fVg yfn] . xfd|f] 8]/f ToxL ufpFd} ePsf] x'Fbf lbp;f] :s'ndf cWofkg / laxfg cWoog / e]6\g cfpg];Fu e]63f6 / s'/fsfgLdf Jo:t x'GYof}+ . ;fFemdf ufpFj:tLdf uP/ 5nkmn rnfpFbYof}+ . z'qmaf/ :s'n labf kl5 zlgaf/;Dd kf6L{ g]tfx¿;Fu ;Ds{ / ;/;Nnfxdf Jo:t x'GYof}+ . oxL qmd lg/Gt/ a9\b} uof] . vfb|]df sDo'lgi6 kf6L{nfO{ ;zQm ¿kdf :yflkt u¥of}+ .

Pp6f k|;+u, d]/f] ufpF bfª 8f]q]mgfsf ls;fgx¿n] ;Dk"0f{ afnL a6}of uy{] . Tolta]nf e"ld;'wf/ nfu" eO;s]sf] lyof] . kf6L{sf] nfOgcg';f/ j}wflgs / cj}wflgs ;+3if{, pkof]u / e08fkmf]/sf] gLltcg'¿k g} e"ld;'wf/sf] sfg'gL cf8df d}n] d'VoafnL ds} ls;fgn] kfpg'kg{] s'/f ls;fgsf dfemdf /fv]+ . ls;fgx¿ cln lxDdt ug{ ;s]gg\ . d}n] d :jo+ hldGbf/ xf], ;a}eGbf a9L hldg d;Fu 5, d ;xof]u u5{' tkfO{x¿ ds} efFr]/ nfg';\ eg]kl5 ls;fgx¿ xf}l;P . ds} efFr]/ cf–cfˆgf] 3/df nu] . d]/L efph' / / d]/} ;;'/fnLsf] ds} ;d]t ls;fgsf 3/df lelqPkl5 d;Fu af]nrfn aGb eof] . ls;fgx¿sf] lj?4df pxfFx¿ k|x/L k|zf;gdf hfg k|oTg t ug{'eof] t/ d]/f] c8fgn] c;kmn x'g'eof] . To;}u/L bfªs} kxnL eGg] xfd|f] csf{] ufpFsf ls;fgx¿ a;fOF ;/L alb{oflt/ hfg] of]hgfdf lyP . ls;fgx¿n] s]xL gub lng'kg{] u/L td;'s agfOPsf lyP . ls;fgdf k};f ltg{] Ifdtf lyPg . xfd|f s]xL z'elrGtsn] k};f lt/]/ dfq hfg kfOg] c8fg /flv/x]s} a]nf pgLx¿dfly hl6n ;d:of cfOk'Uof] . d}n] ls;fg;Fu uf]Ko e]nf u/L tkfO{x¿ tof/L ug{'xf];\ /ftf/ft oxfFaf6 plDsg'xf]];\ egL k|:tfj u/]+ . s]xL cj/f]w cfP td;'s RoftL lbg]5' eg]/ lxDdt lbPF . /ftf/ft ufpF vfnL eof], laxfg p7\bf xfd|f gft]bf/ egfpFbfx¿ 5Ss k/] . vf]htnf; ug{ dnfO{ v6fOof] d lbgel/ ufoa ePF . csf{]lbg /flt 3/df cfP/ st} km]nf k/]gg\ egL lbPF . o;/L ls;fgx¿nfO{ aGwgaf6 d'Qm kfl/of] .

o;}aLr gofF lzIff nfu" eof] . s=zf]ef/fd a:g]t, s=g]qnfn / d}n] lzIfssf] nflu cfj]bg kmf/fd e¥of}+ . s=g]qnfn kf}8]n -cefuL_ gf/fo0fk'/d} k|=c=, zf]ef/fd a:g]t xfn k'mnaf/L uflj;sf] /lgofk'/ bfªdf lgdfljsf] k|c / d dfgk'/ uflj;cGtu{t ags6jfdf k|fljdf k|csf] kbdf lgo'Qm eof}+ . zf]ef/fd a:g]t g]qnfn / d]/f] aLrdf ;'dw'/ ldqtf a9\b} uof] . x'g t afnldt]/L dfljdf k9fpFbfv]l/ g} gf/fo0fk'/sf lzIfs / xfd|f] aLrdf -jfdkGyL lzIfsaLr_ ;'dw'/ ;DaGw a9\b} cfPsf] xf] . ljBfyL{, ljBfyL{aLr klg ldqtf / ;f}xfb|{tf sfod lyof] . d ags6jfdf d]3axfb'/ a:g]tsxfF 8]/ lnP/ a:g] u/]sf] lyPf . ags6jfsf &% 3/w'/LdWo] &) df /fhgLlts ¿kdf ;f+u7lgs sfd eof] . ags6jf ufpFdf gofFkg cfof] . qmflGtsf/L uLt / gfr k|To]s lbg x'Gy] . x/]s s'/fdf gofF tl/sf, aRrfb]lv a'9f;Dddf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{k|lt cf:yf / ljZjf; hfUYof] . ags6jfn] g} b'O{hgf k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{ lbof] . d]3axfb'/ a:g]t / 5ljnfn jnLnfO{ ;fyLx¿s} ;Nnfxdf yf? ls;fgaLr sfd ug{ hd]/f ufpFsf] hLpwg rf}w/Lsf] 3/df 8]/f u/L al;of] . lbpF;f]df lzIfs ;fFemdf kf6L{ sfo{stf{ eP/ sfd ubf{ lgs} pT;fx / ljZjf; klg a9\b} uof] . hd]/f, c;kf/f, c;k/L, dfgk'/, lhg'zf ufpF jf kx¿jf / t]3/fdf ;fdfGo ;Dks{ nufotsf w]/}h;f] ufpFdf kf6L{nfO{ :yflkt ul/of] . sDo'lgi6 k|efjaf6 eolet ;fdGt, hldgbf/ / g]kfnL sf+u|];x¿sf] cfqmd0f ;'? eof] . sf+u|];sf sfo{stf{x¿n] ddfly cfqmd0f ug{] of]hgf agfP5g\ . of] yfxf kfP/ d}n] sf+u|];s} :yfgLo g]tf d]/f] gft]bf/sf 3/d} cf>o lnP/ ;Defljt cfqmd0faf6 aRg] pkfo ckgfP . dnfO{ nv]6\b} cfPsf ;fdGtsf n7}tx¿ d a;]sf] 3/df k:g] cfF6 ug{} ;s]gg\ . qmdzM===

–OZj/L a0hf8]

hglgjf{lrt ;+ljwfg;efsf ;b:oHo'x¿n] ;+ljwfgsf] 3f]if0ff ug{ g;ls k|;j j]bgfdf al;/x]sf]df )^* ;fn d+l;/ ( ut] ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] 5 dlxgf leq ;+ljwfg agfpg' jf r'gfj ug'{ jf cGo pko'{Qm ljsNk vf]Hg' eGg] h'g cfb]z lbPsf] lyof] ToxL ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] km};nf jf cfb]zsf] sfof{Gjog ug'{ ePsf] xf] k|wfgdGqLn] . sfd klg gug]{, a;L a;L vfg], b]znfO{ hftLotfsf] gfddf dfUg] / dw];jfbLsf] gfddf ljb]zLsf] O{zf/fdf rln ;+ljwfgsf] 3f]if0ff gug]{ ;Nnfx / ;xdlt ePsf] 5}g egL lx8\g] xfd|f g]tfx¿sf] s:tf] la8Dagf . dl/;s]sf] ;+;b jf ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ Ho'Fbf] agfpg] ;+hLjgL a'6L lyPg k|wfgdGqL 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{ / pgsf] dGqL, dlGqkl/ifbdf . Tof] ;+hLjgL a'6Lsf] x/0f t ;jf{]Rr cbfntn] cfˆgf] cGtl/d cfb]zdf klxn] / kl5 ul/;s]sf] lyof] . To;}n] gofF r'gfjdf hfgsf nflu ;+ljwfg;efsf] lj36g ug'{ afWotf lyof]  h'g k|wfgdGqLsf] ;+j}wflgs / sfg'gL sfo{ lyof]  . >LdtL;Fu sf]7fdf a:g s;}nfO{ ;f]Wg / cg'dlt lng' kb}{g Tof] >Ldfg >LdtLsf] clwsf/sf] ljifoj:t' ePdm}+ yk ;+s6 pTkGg x'g glbg d/]sf] ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ d¥of] eGg' k|wfgdGqLsf] uNtL s] eof] < x] sfg'gljb\x¿ / /fhgLltsdL{x¿ xf] Û sfg'g / /fhgLltsf] ;xL, ts{;+ut / ljj]s ;+ut JofVof u/ . cf–cfkmgf] kbLo tyf /fhgLlts :jfy{ cg's"n x'g] u/L JofVof gu/, hgtfnfO{ a]as'km gagfp .

hgtfn] s'/f] a'lem;s]sf 5g\ . k|wfgdqLdf sf+u|];–Pdfn] ljdfn] dw];jfbL hf] sf]xL eP klg k|wfgdGqLn] clxn] h] ug'{ eof] ToxL sfo{ ug'{kYof]{, ltdLx¿n] klg ToxL uYof{}+ Û s] ltdLx¿nfO{ yfxf 5}g ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] cGtl/d cfb]z u/L ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ eË ug]{ cfb]z lbPsf] <  yfxf kfp / Psk6s ;Rrf g]tf ¿krGb| lji6 …yfxfÚnfO{ ;Dem .

ltdLx¿n] b]z, hgtf / g]kfnsf] /fli6«otfsf] af/]df lsg ;f]rljrf/} ub}{gf} < g]tfn] gLlt agfpg] xf] . ltdLx¿n] gLlt agfpg klg ;s]gf}+ afa'/fd t nfu]s} lyP, pgdf ;sf/fTds ;f]r / ljrf/ 5 . To:t} ljrf/ / ;f]rsf] ljsf; cGo g]tfsf] lbdfudf klg knfP r'gfj x'G5 / csf]{ gofF ;+ljwfg;efn] ;+ljwfg agfpF5 ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj u/fpg'eGbf ;+;bsf] r'gfj u/L ;+;baf6 ;+ljwfg agfpg / ;/sf/ rnfpg pko'Qm x'G5 . t/ oyfy{df Tof] xf]Og /x]5– ;+ljwfg ;+ljwfg;efn] xf]Og– s]xL g]tf / 7"nf /fhgLlts kf6L{n] dfq agfpg] /x]5g\\ . hftLotfsf] uGw / dw];jfbsf] uGw /x];Dd ;+ljwfg aGg klg ;Sb}g / agfpg klg x'Fb}g . dfS;{jfbL b[li6sf]0fn] juL{o ;dfhsf] jsfnt ub{5 . wd{ lg/k]Iftf, wd{nfO{ clkmd / gzf dfGg] dfS;{jfbLx¿ lsg htLo /fhgLltsf] s'/f u/]sf 5g\ < hft xf]Og g]kfn / g]kfnL eP/ ;f]r .

g]jf, tfdfª, u'?ª dfqsf] gfddf /fHo xf]Og sfdL, ;fsL{, s'dfn, r]kfª, bg'jf/nfO{ klg ;Ddm . Tof] eof] eg] dfq /fli6\|otf /xG5 . gq eg] hftLotfsf] Hjfnfn] b]zdf ljv08g / cfufsf] d':nf] ;Nsfp5 . rfx] h'g hftsf] dflg; xf];\ cfly{s ¿kdf sdhf]/ 5 eg] To:tf JolQmx¿nfO{ /fHon] lzIff, :jf:Yo h:tf ;fdflhs If]qdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' k5{ . wgL dflg; 5 eg] g]jf/, tfdfª, u'?ª, afx'g, If]qL hf] eP klg /fHon] lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ st{Joafx]s cGo ;'ljwf lbg' x'Fb}g .

hftLo /fHosf] jsfnt 5fl8 ef}uf]lns jf k|fs[lts ¿kjf6 k|b]zsf] gfdfs/0f u/L dw];df klg #÷$ k|b]z hlt agfpg pko'Qm x'G5 . hft eg]/ ts{ ug'{ z'Go r]tgfsf] af]w xf] . afx'g IfqL s] hft xf]Og < hftLo /fhgLltn] ljZjdf w]/} /ut aufPsf] 5 . To;}n] g]kfndf hftLo /fHosf] gfdfs/0f cfjZos 5}g . k|To]s kl/jf/sf] Pp6f ;fgf] 3/ kl/jf/ / hUuf 5 Tof] g} p;sf] /fHo xf] / hft eg]sf] e|d ;f]rfO{ xf] . OGgf]e]l6k lbdfu agfP/ Olk;l:6df]nf]lhs eP/ ;To, tfls{s / j}1flgs ;f]rsf] ljsf; u/ g]tfx¿, ltd|f] lbdfuaf6 ?9Ljfb, s'/LtLjfb, jf]S;Ljfb, cx+jfb, k};fjfb, kml/ofjfb x6]sf] 5}g, Tof] x6fp . ltdLx¿sf] r]tgf 5}g, r]tgf a9fpg ls k9\g hfp d klg sfg'gsf] s v k9\b}5' . ltdLx¿sf] af]wf] ePsf] lbdfunfO{ ltvf/ h;/L cf/g] ljZjsdf{ bfOn] v's'/Ldf ;fg nufP/ ltvf5{g\ . dfS;{jfb, gofF dfS;{jfb s] xf] Tof] klg k9 / gofF jfb hGdfp . olb ltdLdf dfgjtf / lbdfu 5 eg] .

:jf:Yosf] Vofn u/, w]/} vfP/ x}hf gnfuf];\, ltdLx¿nfO{ . ltdLx¿n] s'DNofPsf] k};f ;fdflhs sfddf nufp, lsgf{ gag . ltdLx¿nfO{ s] rflxof] ;Qf :jfy{, k|wfgdGqL clxn]sf] cj:yfdf afa'/fdafx]s ljsNk 5}g k|wfgdGqLdf o;}df ;xdlt vf]Hg' /fHo / hgtfsf] dfu xf] . 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{sf] g]t[Tjdf ;xdtLo ;/sf/sf] lgdf{0f ug'{ cfhsf] b]zsf] ckl/xfo{ cfjZostf xf] . jt{dfg kl/k|]Iodf ;jf]{Rr g]tf u0f]zdfg l;+x eg]sf] 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{ g} x'g\ . jt{dfg ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwg u/L b]znfO{ zflGt / ;+ljwfgdo agfpg 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{ hltsf] JolQmTj / a'l4 ePsf] ;flng / ;j{dfGo g]tf jt{dfg kl/k|]Iodf g]kfndf c? sf]xL 5}g . cd]l/sf / ef/tn] g]kfndf leqL dgaf6 zflGt sfod ePsf] b]Vg rfxFb}gg\ . pgLx¿n] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt ;w}+ cl:y/ ePsf] b]Vg rfxG5g\ . cd]l/sf / o"/f]lkog b]zx¿n]  ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f gug{sf nflu ljleGg hftLo JolQm / ;+:yfx¿nfO{ c/af} 8n/ af8]/ ;+ljwfgsf] hGd x'g lbPgg  / ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ dfg]{ sfd u/] . cd]l/sfn] g]kfnsf] cl:y/ /fhgLltaf6 kmfObf lnP/ rLglj/f]wL ultljlw g]kfnaf6 ug{ rfxG5 eg] ef/tn] klg cd]l/sfsf] O{zf/fdf cfkmgf] :jfy{ l;4 ug{ g]kfndf dw];jfbsf] gfddf t/fO{jf;L g]kfnLx¿nfO{ prfn]/ ;+ljwfgsf] 3f]if0f ug]{ sfo{df cj/f]w l;h{gf u/]sf]  5 . o; s'/fnfO{ dgg u/]/ l5d]sL b]z rLgn] g]kfnsf] zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos ;xof]u / bafa klg lbg ;Sg'kb{5 g]kfnsf g]tfx¿nfO{ . rLgsf] :yfloTj / ;'/Iffsf nflu klg g]kfndf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f u/L :yfoL ;/sf/sf] lgdf{0f x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . lsgeg] g]kfndf cd]l/sf o'/f]lkog b]z / ef/tLox¿sf] 7"nf] rnv]n 5, o; s'/fnfO{ rLgn] klg jfr8usf] ¿kdf lgofn]sf] xf]nf  . g]kfnsf] zflGt / k|ult b]Vg rfxg] lrlgofF s'6gLlt1 tyf ljåfgx¿n] o; s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ cfˆgf] ljb]z gLlltsf] /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt g]kfn;Fu gofF l;/faf6 l;h{gf ug'{kg]{ cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . 

–/fwf a'9fyf]sL du/

tTsfnLg ;ft bn / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_aLr gofF lbNnLdf ;DkGg ePsf] rlr{t afx|j'Fb]sf] uGtJo ;+ljwfg;ef;Dd lyof] eGg] s'/f bnsf g]tfx¿n] k6s–k6s eGg] u/]sf lyP . ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj eO;s]kl5 b]zdf csf]{ /fhgLlts zlQmsf] pbo ePsf] 5– If]qLo kf6L{sf ¿kdf . cfwf bh{gsf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf ePklg …Ps dw]; Ps k|b]zÚsf] gf/fdf Psl9Ssf x'Fb} cfPsf tL If]qLo kf6L{sf g]tfx¿n] hlt …;Qfsf] :jfbÚ ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjkl5 c? s;}n] ug{ kfPgg\ . ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdf of] zlQmnfO{ alnof] agfpgs} nflu gful/stf;DaGwL gLlt agfOPsf] /x]5 eGg] k'li6 ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjL kl/0ffdn] lbPsf] 5 .

;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjeGbf cufl8 If]qLo kf6L{sf] vf;} cl:tTj lyPg . g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{sf gfdaf6 a]nf–a]]nfdf p7fOg] slyt …dw];L xsÚsf s'/f To;} cf]em]ndf kb{y] . ;Qfdf /fd|} pkl:ylt eP klg cfkm"x¿ 7luPsf] bfjL ub}{ cfPsf dw];jfbL g]tfx¿n] ;+ljwfg;efn] r'gfjeGbf cufl8 t/fO{ If]qnfO{ cfGbf]ngsf] rk]6fdf kf/]/ cf–cfˆgf] /fhgLlts JolQmTj agfpg] df}sf kfPsf x'g\ . ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjn] lbPsf] kl/0ffdkl5 ;/sf/ lgdf{0fdf ;d]t lg0ff{os aGb} cfPsf dw];jfbL g]tfx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] ks8df kfg{sf lglDt dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjn] hftLjfbL gf/f cufl8 ;f/]/ cGo hft hftLx¿df hftLo ;+3Lotfsf] dxTjfsf+Iff hufOlbPsf sf/0faf6 g} ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f x'g ;s]g . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f x'g g;sL/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] cfo' ls6fg u/]/ …ls ;+ljwfg b]p ls tfhf hgfb]zdf hfpÚ eg]/ lgb]{zg u/]sf] cj:yfdf :jfefljs / ;+j}wflgs ¿kd} ;+ljwfg;efsf] cjlw ;lsPsf] dfGg'kb{5 . cem sfg'gL /fhsf] jsfnt ug]{ g]kfnL sf+u|]; / g]skf -Pdfn]_ h:tf kf6L{x¿n] t emg ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] km};nf adf]lhd rNg'k5{ eGb} cfPsf] cj:yf lyof] . To:tf] cj:yfdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd tfhf hgfb]zdf hfg' k|wfgdGqL 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{sf ;fd' Psdfq ljsNk /x]sf] lyof] . ToxL ljsNknfO{ pkof]u ug]{ ;xh af6f] k|wfgdGqL 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{n] ckgfPsf x'g\ eGg] :ki6 5 .

ljsl;t /fhgLlts 36gfqmdx¿n] g]kfnL sf+u|]]; / g]skf -Pdfn]_nfO{ cl:tTj/Iffsf] cj:yfdf k'¥ofO/x]sf] cg'ej ug{ ;lsG5 . hftLo ;+3fTdstfsf] gf/fdf Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] b]zdf cfuf] ;NsfOlbPsf] 5 . o;sf] lj/f]wdf p7]sf sf+u|]; / Pdfn]n] cfuf] lgefpg ;Sg] l:ylt ca 5}g . hftLo efjgfsf] cfuf]n] 89]nf]sf] ¿k ln+b}5 . o;df tfTsflns ljhosf] cg'ej dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx¿n] ug{ kfP klg Tof] 89]nf]n] pgLx¿nfO{ klg v/fgL kfg]{ lglZrt 5 .

tTsfn b]lvPsf] ;d:ofnfO{ klxrfg ug]{tkm{ s'g} klg bnsf g]tfx¿n] rf;f] b]vfPsf] kfOb}g . sf+u|]; / Pdfn] nufotsf !( bnn] k|wfgdGqL 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{sf] /fhLgfdf dfu ul//x]sf 5g\ . k|wfgdGqLn] /fhLgfdf ub}{df tTsfnsf ;d:of xn x'G5g\ t < cjZo x'b}gg\ . To;f] eP ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] pkfo s] 5 < o; k|Zgd} s]Gb|Lt /x]/ ;a} /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿ uDeL/tfk"j{s 5nkmndf h'6\g' cfjZos 5 . ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] lgb]{zgsf sf/0f tfhf hgfb]zsf lglDt sbd p7fpg' jfx]s k|wfgdGqL e§/fO{ ;fd' csf]{ ljsNk jf:tjd} lyPg . t/ klg k|wfgdGqLn] ckgfPsf] lglj{sNk af6f]n] klg b]zdf pTkGg ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg] sNkgf ljNs'n xfjfbf/L ;flat x'g] lglZrt 5 . To;}n] cf–cfˆgf x7df nfUg' eGbf ;a} bnx¿ / ;+3 ;+:yfx¿sf] pkl:yltnfO{ cfjZos 7fGb} ;a}n] ;a}sf] cl:tTjnfO{ :jLsfb}{ j[xt uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng dfkm{t lgsf; vf]Hg ;lsof] eg] Tof] g} ;a}eGbf plrt ljsNk x'g] b]lvG5 .

s0f{k|v/ lwtfn

…nf]stGqÚ jf:tjdf ca ;Dk"0f{ ¿kn] lgj{:q eO;s]sf] 5 . …;d|f6sf gofF n'ufÚ gfds syfsf] kfq gUg ;d|f6 ef6, rf/0f / bf;h:tf hgtfsf] e'm7f] k|z+;fdf /dfO/x]h:t} s]xL /fhgLlt1 / tyfslyt a'l4hLjLx¿sf] cf]7df dfq ca of] nf]stGq ;Lldt 5 . of] k|fof]lht tGq lyof], k|fof]hsn] k|fof]hg ug{ 5f]l8lbPkl5 clxn] of] v/fgLsf] y'k|f] h:t} ag]sf]5 . o;nfO{ 78\of/ s;}]n] eJo dxn v8f u5{' eGg] sNkgf u/]sf] 5 eg] Tof] …;f]d zdf{sf] ;ft'Ú x'g] lglZrt 5 .

zAb nf]stGq;Fu s;}sf] cfklQ xf]Og . nf]stGqsf gfddf /fi6«sf] x'd{t lng] h'g v]n kfFr–kfFr jif{;Dd v]lnof], To;k|lt g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;Vt cfklQ 5 . nf]stGqn] b]znfO{ hflt, wd{, efiff, If]q cflbsf] gfddf h;/L ljeflht ug{ vf]Hof], g]kfnL dgdf nfu]sf ljefhgsf tL 3fpmx¿ d]6\g xfd|f] ;dfhnfO{ jiff{} nfUg] lglZrt 5 . nf]stGq htftt} ljWj+z lnP/ cfof], To;n] Pp6f klg g]kfnLsf] dgdf /rgfTdstf Nofpg ;s]g . /fhwfgLsf v'nf ;8sdf lbgbxf8} dflg;x¿ dfl/g yfn] . k|fof]lht nf]stGq s;}sf] nfrf/ 5fofFem}+ cfˆgf] a]OHhtLnfO{ klg k|lti7f ;Dem]/ xfFl;/Xof] .

of] nf]stGqsf] csf{] b'u'{0f xf] o;sf] ;+sL0f{tf . jf:tjdf nf]stGq;Fu u|x0flzntf sxL+ st} klg b]lvPg . xfQL hqf] ;fOgaf]8{df of] 9's'/sf] h:tf] 5ftL lnP/ afFlr/Xof] . km/s ljrf/nfO{ ;'Gg} grfxg] . wd{;fk]Iftf, ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / PsfTds /fHok|0ffnLsf] ax;df ;d]t hfg ;s]g nf]stGq . k|ltudgsf ljifo eGb} nf]stGq ;fF9] z}nLdf /Tgkfs{af6 c;gsf uNnLx¿sf] ofqfdf lgl:sof] . s] k'/fgf] ;f]leot ;+3df km]l/ ;fDojfb kms{g'k5{ eGg' k|ltudg x'G5 < k"jL{ o'/f]ksf b]zx¿df sDo'lgi6x¿n] ;Qf lng] k|of; ug{' k|ltudg x'G5 < cfh pQ/sf]l/of, So'jf jf af]lnleofdf k'FhLjfbL k|hftGqsf] dfu ug{' k|ltudg x'G5 < sxL+st} k|ltudg x'Fb}g, k|ltudg x'G5 t ;+sL0f{tfdf . lgif]wsf] /fhgLltdf . 9's'/sf] h:tf] ;fgf] 5ftL agfpg'df . nf]stGqn] cfk"mleq k|hftGqsf] h:tf] u|x0fzLntf agfpg ;Sg'k5{ . clg dfq o;n] gfdsf] ;fy{stf kfpg ;SYof] .

dl/;s]sf] 3f]8fdfly rfa's rnfO/xg'sf] s'g} cy{ 5}g . nf]stGq ca p7\g]jfnf 5}g, bf}l8g]jfnf 5}g . b]zn] oxL tGqsf] ;jf/L unf{ / s'g} nIo e]§fpnf eGg] sNkgf ca s'g} klg g]kfnLn] ub{}g . h]7 !$ ut]kl5, ;+ljwfg;efsf] :jfefljs cj;fgkl5 b]z yk ax;df cf]ln{Psf] 5 . of] ax;df klg gofFkg s]xL b]lvPsf] 5}g . t/ ax; rNg'nfO{ eg] ;sf/fTds dfGg'k5{ . b]zsf] :jtGqtf, cv08tf / ;fj{ef}d;QfnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ b]zn] yk ax;sf] dfu ul//x]sf] 5 . b]z d]nldnfk / k'gP{sLs/0fdf hfg rfxG5 . b]zeQm g]kfnL /fhgLlt1x¿, al4hLjLx¿ / ;~rf/sdL{x¿n] g} of] ax;nfO{ ;xL lbzf / ;xL df]8 lbg ;S5g\ . pgLx¿n] g} ax;sf] bfo/fnfO{ km/flsnf] agfpg ;S5g\ . ca b]zdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj x'g ;Sb}g . sy+sbflrt To:tf] r'gfj eOxfn] klg ;+ljwfg;efn] ;+ljwfg lbg ;Sb}g . of] lglZrt /fhgLlts kl/j]zdf d'n's cfˆgf k"j{ lg0f{ox¿k|lt k'glj{rf/ ug{ tof/ 5 jf 5}g < o;}df xfd|f] eljio lglxt 5 . /fhgLltdf x7jflbtfn] slxNo} ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g NofpFb}g . x7jflbtfn] cgfjZos cx+sf/nfO{ dfq dnhn u5{ . lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] ;+;b k'g:yf{kgfsf] x7n] cfh b]znfO{ sxfF k'¥ofof] < cfwf bzscl3b]lv b]z clg0f{osf] aGbL 5 . g]tfx¿ cfk"mnfO{ k'glj{rf/ ug{ to ePgg\ eg] b]zs} cl:tTj ;+s6df 5 . bn / ltgsf g]tfx¿sf] nx8afhLdf b]znfO{ g} RofFv] yfKg ldNb}g . l56f] / ;xL lg0f{osf] k|ltIffdf 5 b]z .

cfZdf d'hflxb

kfls:tfg jf:tjdf clxn] 7"n} hfne]mn / if8\oGqsf] s]Gb| ag]sf] 5 . kfls:tfgsf] /fHosf ljleGg cËdf l;cfO{P k|fof]lht b'ef{jgf / d"v{tfsf uGwx¿ cfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . vf;u/L kfls:tfgL ;]gf / OG6/;le{;]h OlG6lnh]G; -cfO{P;cfO{_sf] g]t[Tjdfly o:tf b'ef{jgf / d"v{tfo'Qm Jojxf/sf] lgzfgf agfO{b}5 . cd]l/sfsf] zlQms]Gb|sf ljleGg uNnLx¿df of] sfd ul/+b}lyof] tfklg s] s'/f ;fFrf] xf] eg] oL cËx¿ leq} klg s]xL b'i6 tTjx¿ lyP, h;n] tflnjfgL u'6x¿sf] ;dy{g ub{y] / cd]l/sL /0fgLltsf] dftxtdf sfd ub{y] .

u'Ktr/ ;+:yfx¿ ljb]zdf cfˆgf] /fHosf gLltx¿ ;~rfng ug{ u7g ul/Psf u'Kt ;+:yfx¿ x'G5g\, of] b'lgofel/ x'G5g\ . t/ cfO{P;cfO{, l;cfO{PeGbf km/s 5 lsgeg] cfO{P;cfO{n] kfls:tfgsf] lxtnfO{ dfq k|fyldstfdf /fV5 . t/ clxn] ckmuflg:tfgdf h]h:tf] k|rf/afhL ul/+b}5 . To;sf] p2]Zo ckmuflg:tfgdf kfs–cd]l/sf :jfy{df 6s/fx6 k}bf ug{' / cd]l/sfsf] Wo]ocg'¿k cfO{P;cfO{nfO{ cd]l/sfsf] ;]js xf] eg]/ l;4 ug{'d} s]lGb|t /x]sf] b]lvG5 . of] ljifodf kfls:tfgsf] ljkmntfsf] cy{ xf] xfd|f /fli6«o k|fyldstf / eljiosf 36gfqmdx¿nfO{ cfsf/ lbg] xfd|f] Ifdtfdf ljklQk"0f{ kl/0ffdx¿ lg:sg ;S5g\ .

;~rf/dfWodx¿ vf;u/L cflbofnfsf aGbLx¿dfly ePsf] b'Jo{jxf/sf ljifodf ;z:q ;d"xx¿sf af/]df Psbd} :ki6 / d'v/ lyP . pgLx¿ ToxfF s] ePsf] xf] eGg] ;TotYo aflx/ Nofpg'k5{ / of] b'3{6gfnfO{ sfg'gsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg'k5{ eg]/ lgs} cfnf]rs ;d]t ag]sf lyP . ljb]zL zq'x¿, xfd|f zf;sx¿, /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿ / ;~rf/dfWodsf P+s/x¿ ToxfFsf] w/ftnLo oyfy{tfnfO{ g} ga'e]m/ hg/n kf;fn] o;}sf/0f 36gfsf] 5fgljg / lg0f{o ug{ ;jf{]Rr cbfntnfO{ lhDdf nufOlbPsf 5g\ . o;n] s] b]vfpF5 eg] xfd|f s]xL /fhgLlt1x¿ / ;~rf/sdL{x¿ cd]l/sLx¿ / kfls:tfglj/f]wLx¿sf tnaL sd{rf/Lx¿ x'g\ . o;df s'g} z+sf 5}g ls pgLx¿sf ultljlwx¿n] cd]l/sf / ef/tsf] lxtdf ;fwgf u5{, hf] kfls:tfgsf] cfGtl/s / ;'/Iff dfldnfdf ;w}+el/ u8a8L k}bf ug{ rfxG5g\ .

cd]l/sf / ef/t g} kfls:tfgL ;]gf / cfO{P;cfO{nfO{ abgfd ug{df nfluk/]sf 5g\ . tfls ckmuflg:tfgdf pgLx¿sf] lj/f]wdf ulxl/+b} u/]sf] vf8n k'g{ ;lsof];\ . o;afx]s cd]l/sf kfls:tfgL ;]gf / cfO{P;cfO{nfO{ cfˆgf :jfy{x¿sf] anL r9fP/ eP klg cfˆgf] lgb{]zgdf rnfpg rfxGYof] . kfls:tfgL a'l4hLjLx¿, k|f1x¿ / oL ;a}eGbf dfly zlQmzfnL ;~rf/hutn] ljb]zL hfn;fhL / if8\oGqnfO{ a'‰g'k5{ . pgLx¿sf] uLt ufpg] xf]Og, pgLx¿sf] d'sflanf ug{'k5{ . jf:tjdf cfO{P;cfO{n] b]zsf cfFvf, sfgsf] ¿k klxnf] /Iffk+lQmdf a;]/ sfd ug'{k5{ . s] o:t}u/L ;+;f/e/df xTofsf] d]l;gsf] ¿kdf abgfd l;cfO{Psf] lj/f]wdf sf]xL cd]l/sL af]N5 < cGt/f{li6«o / If]qLo /f]usf] ¿kdf lqmofzLn …/Úsf] lj?4df sf]xL ef/tLo af]N5 <

km0fLGb| g]kfn

O{=;+= !((& h'nfO{ ! tfl/vb]lv xªsª rLgsf] cwLgdf uO;s]sf] 5 . rLgsf] /fli6«o cv08tf / PsLs/0fsf lglDt of] ;'vb 36gf xf] . o;af6 g]kfnn] klg 7"nf] kf7 l;Sg'k5{ . /fli6«otfsf] rsf{ gf/fx¿ lbg] g]kfnsf s'g} klg /fhgLlts kf6L{ / s'g} klg /fhgLlt1n] g]kfnn] ;'uf}nL ;lGw la|l6z;Fu u/]sf] x'Fbf la|l6zx¿ ef/t 5f8]/ hfgf;fy} ;'uf}nL ;lGwdf u'd]sf] g]kfnsf] e"ld lkmtf{ x'g'k5{ eGg] cfzosf] lemgf] ;+s]t klg u/]sf 5}gg\ . of] uDeL/ d'2f p7fpg' t k/} hfcf];\, ;'uf}nL ;lGw cg';f/sf] d]rL / dxfsfnLaLrsf] cg]s e"efudfly w]/} cl3b]lv ef/tn] cltqmd0f u/]sf] yfxf kfpFbf–kfpFb} klg ef/tn] g]kfnsf] ;Ldf cltqmd0f u/]sf] lj/f]wdf g]kfnsf /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿dWo] s'g}n] klg cfˆgf] 3f]if0ffkqdf Ps zAb klg pNn]v gug'{ pb]snfUbf] s'/f xf] .

;'uf}nL ;lGw ;bfsf lglDt ePsf] xf]Og eGg] s'/fsf] ;xfos ;fdu|Lsf ¿kdf rLg / la|6]gsf aLrdf ePsf] xªsª ;lGwnfO{ k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 . !((& h'nfO{ ! tfl/vb]lv xªsª rLgsf] cwLgdf uPsf] s'/fn] xªsª ;lGw ;bfsf lglDt ePsf] /xg]5 eGg] k'li6 u5{ / o;af6 g]kfn / Oi6–Ol08of sDkgLaLr ePsf] ;'uf}nL ;lGw klg ;bfsf lglDt ePsf] xf]Og eGg] yk k'li6 x'G5 .

g]kfn / Oi6–Ol08of sDkgLaLr ;'uf}nL ;lGw O{=;+= !*!%–!^ df ePsf] xf] eg] la|6]g / rLgaLrsf] xªsª ;lGw O{=;+= !*$@ cui6 @( tfl/vdf ePsf] xf] . ;'uf}nL ;lGw g]kfn / Oi6–Ol08of sDkgLaLr ePsf] o'4sf] kl/0ffd xf] eg] xªsª ;lGw rLg / u|]6 la|6]gaLr ePsf] o'4sf] kl/0flt xf] . o'4sf] k[i7e"ld s:tf] lyof] < of] cem} cWoogsf] ljifo x'g ;S5, t/ oL b'j} ;lGwsf] efiff x]bf{ ;'uf}nL ;lGw / xªsª ;lGwsf] k|s[lt Ps} lsl;dsf] b]lvG5 . gf} ;"qLo ;'uf}nL ;lGw / !# ;"qLo xªsª ;lGw b'j}df ;DalGwt b]zn] ;+o'Qm clw/fHosf] cwLgdf cf–cfˆgf] e"efu 5fl8lbg'kg]{ pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 . ;'uf}nL ;lGwsf] t];|f] wf/fdf elgPsf] 5– …b /fhf ckm g]kfn x]o/afO{ ;]8];\ 6' b cg/]an b Oi6–Ol08of sDkgL Og kk]{Ro'6L cn b cG8/d]G;G8 6]l/6f]l/h .Ú To;}u/L, xªsª ;lGwsf] t];|f] wf/fdf s] elgPsf] 5 x]/f}+– …lxh d]h]:6«L lb ODk// ckm rfOgf ;]8]; 6' x/ la|6]lgs d]h]:6L b lSjg ckm u|]6 la|6]g lb cfO;NofG8 ckm xªsª 6' aL kf];]:8 Og kk]{Ro'6L===Ú ;'uf}nL ;lGw / xªsª ;lGw b'j}sf] t];|f] wf/fdf k|o'Qm ePsf ;]8];\ / kk]{Ro'6L eGg] zAbx¿n] ;lGwdf ljz]if cy{ / dxTj /fv]sf 5g\ .

;lGwdf k|o'Qm pQm zAbx¿sf] cy{ a'em\bf rLgsf jfbzfxn] u|]6 la|6]gsL dxf/fgLnfO{ xªsª ;'lDkP / g]kfnsf /fhfn] dxfsfnLb]lv klZrd / l6i6fb]lv k"j{ tyf l6i6f / dxfsfnLaLrsf] ;d:t tNnf] e"efu Oi6–Ol08of sDkgLsf] cwLg /xg] u/L ;bfsf lglDt lbP eGg] :ki6 x'G5 t/ g]kfnn] O{=;+= !*!^ d} u08sL / sf];LaLrsf] t/fO{ lkmtf{ kfof] eg] O{=;+= !*^) df sfnL / /fKtL aLrsf] t/fO{ lkmtf{ kfof] . To:t} rLgn] O{=;+= !((& h'nfO{ ! df ;Dk"0f{ xªsª lkmtf{ kfof] t/ g]kfnn] dxfsfnLb]lv ;tnh;Ddsf] e"efu tyf d]rL / l6i6f aLrsf] kxf8L tyf t/fO{ k|b]z -h;sf] ;Ldf a+unfb]z;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5_ cfh;Dd lkmtf{ kfPsf] 5}g .

w]/}nfO{ s] e|d k/]sf] 5 eg] k"/} xªsª la|6]gn] rLg;Fu (( jif{sf nflu ef8fdf lnPsf] lyof], To;}n] rLgnfO{ xªsª kmsf{OPem}+ g]kfnnfO{ u9jfn, s'dfp / bflh{lnª kmsf{pg'k5{ eGg' o'lQm;+ut 5}g . of] unt s'/f xf] / o:tf] e|daf6 rfF8} d'Qm x'g'k5{ . o:tf] wf/0ff P]ltxfl;s ;lGw–;Demf}tfnfO{ x]/]/ dfq agfpg' /fd|f] x'G5 .

P]ltxfl;s ;Gbe{sf cfwf/df x]bf{ xªsª ;lGw ;g\ !*$@ df eof] eg] xªsªdf gofF k|b]z yKg] ljifodf ;g\ !*(* h"g ( tfl/vdf csf]{ ;lGw eof] . To;kl5 (( jif{sf nflu s/f/df lnPsf] gofF k|b]zsf] ;dflKt;Fu} ;g\ !*$@ df ePsf] ;lGwcg';f/sf] xªsªnufot ;d:t xªsª lkmtf{ ug]{ ljifodf csf]{ ;lGw !(*$ l8;]Da/ !( df eof], h;cg';f/ !*$@ / !*(* sf km/s–km/s b'O{ ;lGwcg';f/ la|6]gn] rLg;Fu lnPsf] ;d:t e"efudf !((& h'nfO{ ! tfl/vb]lv rLgsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf k'gM:yflkt ePsf] xf] .

;g\ !*$@ sf] ;lGwcg';f/sf] xªsª If]qdf csf]{ s/f/ u/L s;/L gofF If]q ylkof] eGg] pT;'stf ;fdfGo hgdfg;df hfUg' :jfefljs 5 . k"/} xªsª la|6]gn] nLhdf lnPsf] xf] eGg] e|d lgjf/0fsf lglDt o;af/] tYo hfgsf/L /fVg' cfjZos 5 .

rLgsf Oltxf; cg';Gwftf lnp ;'ªsf cg';f/ pGgfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf klZrdL zlQmx¿ rLgdfly cfˆgf] k|efj km}nfpgdfq xf]Og, rLgsf] e"efud} clwsf/ hdfpg] k|oTgdf lyP . o;} cjlwdf ;+o'Qm clw/fHon] xªsªsf] lj:tf/sf lglDt gofF If]q k|fKt ug]{ k|of; u¥of] . !*($ gf]e]Da/ ( df xªsªsf tfTsflns ueg{/ ljlnod /laG;gn] cf}klgj]lzs sfof{nonfO{ xªsªsf] If]q a9fpg] ;'emfj lbPkl5 o;nfO{ d"t{¿k lbg] k|of; yflnof] . !*(& sf] lxpFbdf hd{gLn] lhcfcf]emfp vf8L nufotsf If]q cwLg:y u¥of] . csf]{ jif{sf] dfr{ dlxgfdf ltgLx¿n] l5g ;/sf/nfO{ s]xL 5"6 lbg] ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ ug{ bafa lbP . & dfr{ !*(* df k|mfG;n] l5g ;/sf/nfO{ u'cfªemfp vf8L s/f/df lbg cg'/f]w u¥of] dfr{ !& df ;L=Pd= Dofs8f]gfN8 hf] rLgdf la|l6z b"t lyP–n] k|wfgdGqL n8{ ;fln;a'/LnfO{ r]tfjgL lb+b} olb k|mfG;n] dfu]sf] s'/f k|fKt u¥of] eg] xªsªsf] lj:tf/ c;Dej 5 eg]kl5 la|l6z ;/sf/n] o;df tTsfn} k|ltlqmof hgfpFb} xªsªsf] lj:tf/sf lglDt cg'/f]w u¥of] . ( h"g !*(* df rLg / a]nfotaLr Pp6f sGe]G;gdf x:tfIf/ eof], h;df xªsªsf] If]q lj:tf/ ug]{ s'/fsf] pNn]v 5 / :ki6 zAbdf of] s/f/sf] cjlw (( jif{ xf] egL ls6fg ul/Psf] 5 .

xªsªsf] ljifodf / sfpn'g;lxt ;Dk"0f{ xªsª If]qdf rLgsf] ;fj{ef}dQfsf] k|Zgdf rLg / la|6]gaLr !( l8;Da/ !(*$df b'O{ ;/sf/aLr ;+o'Qm 3f]if0ffdf x:tfIf/ ePkl5 of] ljifodflysf] ljjfb ;dfKt eof] . (( jif{sf] s/f/ !*$@ sf] xªsª ;lGwdf xf]Og, !*(* sf] sGe]G;gdf ePsf] lyof], To;}n] g]kfnL dfqn] s] a'em\g' h?/L 5 eg] !*$@ sf] xªsª ;lGwcg';f/ la|l6z cwLg:y ePsf] xªsª rLgnfO{ lkmtf{ eof] eg] !*!^ sf] ;'uf}nL ;lGwcg';f/ la|l6z cwLg:y eO{ xfn ef/t cwLg:y bflh{lnª, s'dfp / u9jfn klg g]kfnnfO{ lkmtf{ ul/g'k5{ / g]kfnn] lkmtf{ lng] ;fx; b]vfpg'k5{ .

–lx6n/

/fHo / If]qLo l;dfx¿ aLrdf a:g] hfltx¿df cfbz{jfbsf] lglZrt efjgf x'g' cfjZos x'G5 . o;sf nflu /fHon] ltgLx¿sf] sfd ug]{ clwsf/nfO{ klg plrt dfGotf lbg' kb{5 . Pp6f /fHo h'g If]qLo b[li6n] l;df+lst 5 ta;Dd dfq cfkm"nfO{ :yflkt, l:y/ / /lIft cg'ej ub{5 ha;Dd sfd k|ltsf] ;fdfGo b[li6sf]0f ;sf/fTds x'G5 . olb of] b[li6sf]0fsf] cefj eof] eg] a'em\g' kb{5 ls ;Eotfsf] cfjZos cfwf/sf] klg cefj 5 .

o;} sf/0fn] ox'bLx¿sf] jf}l4s zlQm ljsl;t eP klg cfˆgf] s'g} ;+:s[lt 5}g . jf:tjd} pgLx¿sf] cfˆgf] s'g} ;+:s[lt 5}g . cfh h'g ;+:s[ltk|lt ox'bL uj{ ub{5g\, Tof] jf:tjdf c?s} b]g xf] / ox'bLx¿sf] xftdf k/]/ Tof] b'lift eO/x]sf] 5 .

dfgj ;Eotfsf] ;du| ljsf;sf ;Gbe{df ox'bLx¿sf] l:yltsf] ;xL d"Nof+sg ug{sf nflu xfdLn] of] cfjZos tYo Wofgdf /fVg' kb{5 ls pm;Fu snf gfdsf] s'g} lrh g slxNo} lyof] g cfh g} o:tf] vfn] s'g} rLh pm;Fu 5 . xfdLn] of] :jLsf/ ug'{ kb{5 ls ljz]if u/L snfsf tL b'O{ zfxL If]qx¿df jf:t'snf / ;+uLt snf–ox'bLx¿n] s'g} klg df}lns of]ubfg lbPsf 5}gg\ . ha ox'bL snfsf] If]qdf s]xL ef}uf]lns of]ubfg u/]sf] bfjL ub{5g\ eg] p;n] klxn] b]lv g} cl:tTjdf /x]sf] snfnfO{ k|sfzdf Nofpg vf]h]sf] dfq x'G5 ls t ;fdfGo tyf csf{sf] jf}l4s b]gnfO{ rf]/L ub{5 / jf:tjdf ;+:yfks l;h{gfTds hfltx¿sf] lghL ljz]iftf xf] .

c?n] agfPsf ;EotfnfO{ ox'bL s'g xb;Dd cfgf] agfpFb5g\ eGg] s'/f of] tYon] ;+s]t ub{5 ls pgLx¿ To:tfvfn] snfsf] v]tL ub{5g\, h;df df}lns lrGtgsf] Go'gtd cfjZostf x'G5 . gf6\osnf gfds o; snfdf klg p;sf] e"ldsf Pp6f r6s] jf cem :ki6 ¿kn] eGbf Pp6f gSsn ug]{ afFb/sf] eGbf Hofbf s]xL klg 5}g lsgls of] If]qdf klg ox'bLx¿sf] /rgfTds k|ltef z'Go 5, p;df l;h{gfTds zlQmsf] cefj 5 h'g jf:tljs snfsf] l;h{gf ug{ cfjZos x'G5 . To;}n] pgLx¿n] s'g} k|ltefzfnL /rgfsf/ k|:t't g} ug{ ;s]gg\ . oxfF klg ox'bL gf6ssf/ o:tf s[tLo / gSsnL lgl:sP h;n] cg]sf}+ rfnafhLx¿ u/]/ klg of] ;TotfnfO{ n'sfpg ;s]gg\ ls pgsf /rgfx¿df s'g} cfGtl/s zlQm g} 5}g jf tL /rgfx¿ rf]/L ul/Psf x'g\ . o; kl/l:yltdf ox'bL k|];sf] cfudg x'G5 / ;fwf/0f ox'bL snfsf/sf] klg lrRofO–lrRofO 3f]qmf] ;'sfP/ k|z+;f ub{5 / To;a]nf;Dd r'k nfUb}g ha;Dd ;f/f ;+;f/ of] ;f]Rgsf nflu ljjz x'g hfG5 ls –oqf] k|z+;f kfPsf] ox'bL snf g} df}lns gofF l;h{gfsf] ¿kdf jf:tljs snf xf] . ha ;Totf of] x'G5 ls Tof] Pp6f t'R5 >]0fLsf] efjx¿sf] v]n tdfzf eGbf c? s]xL x'Fb}g .