jif{ @!, c+s &, @)^( h]7 !* ut] laxLaf/

–lgdsfGt kf08]–

;+ljwfg;efsf] cfo' ;dfKt ePkl5 b]z gofF r/0fsf] åGbdf km;]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] d'Vo sfd g} ;DkGg ug{ g;s]/ rf/ jif{] sfo{sfn / gf} ca{ /fi6«sf] 9's'6L l/TofP/ cbfntsf] cfb]zaf6 cfo' ;dfKt ul/Psf] ;+ljwfg;ef cfo' nDAofpg bnx¿n] elu/y k|oTg ubf{ klg pkfo gnfu]kl5 ;+ljwfg;efsf] lj36g x'g k'u]sf] 5 .

;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf lglDt hgtfaf6 5flgPsf k|ltlglwx¿n] ;ef;bsf] x}l;otaf6 ljleGg vfnsf ck/fwsd{x¿ klg u/] . /ftf] kf;kf]6{ a]Rg] / /S;Ln] dft]/ hyfefjL ug{]b]lv lnP/ j]Zof sf]7Laf6 kqmfp kg{];Ddsf sfddf ;ef;bx¿n] abgfdL sdfP . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{]eGbf b]znfO{ hftLo åGbdf km;fpg] sfddf ;+ljwfg;efn] sLlt{dfg g} sfod u¥of] . ;+ljwfg;efdf ;a}eGbf 7""nf] bnsf zLif{:y g]tfaf6} hghfltx¿nfO{ pQ]lht agfpg] vfnsf cleJolQm lbP/ b]zdf hftLo lx+;f e8\sfpg] s'lT;t b'/fzo klg eof] . w]/}h;f] ck/fwLx¿sf] hd36 ePsf] ;+ljwfg;efdf b'O{ 7fpFaf6 lgjf{rg xf/]sf dfwj g]kfnh:tf ;+ljwfg;ef g} grfxg] JolQmsf] xfnLd'xfnL ePsf] lyof] . hgtfn] c:jLsf/ u/]sf JolQmnfO{ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] lhDd]jf/L ;'lDkPkl5 Tof] ;+ljwfg;efn] ;+ljwfg agfpg] cfzf Tolta]n} ;dfKt ePsf] lyof] .

b'O{ jif{sf] cjlwsf lglDt hgtfn] u7g u/]sf] ;+ljwfg;efn] rf/ jif{df klg ;+ljwfg agfpg g;s]kl5 ;+ljwfg;efsf] cf}lrTo :jtM ;dfKt ePsf] lyof] . cf}lrTo ;dfKt ePsf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lj36g bnsf g]tfx¿sf] OR5fn] eGbf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] cfb]zn] ePsf] xf] eGg] s'/f :ki6} 5 . k/Gt' cf}lrTo ;dfKt ePsf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lj36g;Fu} csf{] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj ug{] 3f]if0ff Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08sf] of]hgfadf]lhd ;/sf/n] u/]sf] 5 . csf{] r'gfjdf cfˆgf] kf6L{n] b'O{ltxfO ax'dtsf] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] s'/f k|r08n] kqsf/ ;Dd]ng u/]/} ;fj{hlgs u/]sf 5g\ . k|r08n] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf c? h:tf;'s} qmflGtsf/L s'/fx¿ u/]sf eP klg pgnfO{ qmflGtsf/Lsf lglDt ljZjf; ug{] cfwf/ ca b]lv+b}g . pgn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] cfˆg} lgjf{rgdf b'O{ltxfO ax'dt Nofpg cfˆgf] kf6L{nfO{ hftLo cfwf/df k|:t't ug{'kg{] afWotf 5 . juL{o lrGtgaf6 ljrlnt eO;s]sf] k|r08sf] /fhgLlt ca lx6n/sf] gZnjfbL lrGtgdf kml;;s]sfn] pgLaf6 af]lng] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfc]fjfbsf s'/f ;a e'm6 x'g\ eGg] a'‰g ca g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ k|lzIf0fsf] cfjZostf 5}g .

k|r08n] cfˆg} of]hgfadf]lhd csf{] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjsf] ldlt tf]lsPsf] v'nf;f;Fu} pgn] ca b]znfO{ hftLo cfwf/df ljefhg ug{] of]hgf klg ;fj{hlgs u/]sf 5g\ . of] g} k|r08sf] cj;/jfbL /fhgLlts ljrngsf] k|df0f xf] . rf/ jif{;Dd ;+ljwfg n]Vg g;s]sf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] csf{] r'gfj To;} klg cfjZos lyPg . csf{] r'gfj u/] klg ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;+/rgf b]znfO cfjZos ePh:t} ;+ljwfg agfpg] vfnsf] lgjf{lrt eP/ cfpnf eGg] Uof/]G6L 5}g . a? k|r08sf] gZnjfbL lrGtgn] yk /Qmkft dRrfP/ b]znfO{ hftLo /fHodf ljefhg ug{] cfwf/ tof/ kfg{ csf{] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj b'¿kof]u x'g;Sg] vt/f a9]sf] 5 .

juL{o /fhgLltsf] cfj/0fdf ePsf] bz jif{] hgo'4n] !$ xhf/ g]kfnL hgtfsf] alnbfgL u/]sf] xf] . juL{o cfj/0fdf hgo'4sf] sdfl08Ë u/]sf k|r08n] g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ juL{o cfwf/df d'Qm ug{' t stf xf] stf a? pN6} ju{zq'x¿;Fu sfo{ut Pstf u/]/ cfˆg} kf6L{sf g]tf, sfo{stf{x¿lj?4 if8\oGq ug{] sfd u/] . ;fd|fHojfbL / lj:tf/jfbL zlQmx¿sf] ljZjf; k|fKt ug{ cfˆgf sfo{stf{x¿lj?4 ;]gfsf] k|of]u ug{];Ddsf] wf]s]afh sfd ug{ nHhfaf]w gug{] JolQmn] ef]lnsf lbgdf s] unf{g\ . s] gunf{g\ < pgLk|lt ljZjf; ug{] cfwf/ 5}g . To;}n] csf{] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjsf] 3f]if0ffleq n's]sf] b]znfO{ lav08g u/fpg] b"/fzonfO{ ;kmn x'g glbg lj1x¿nfO{ ;xefuL u/fP/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ;'emfj cfof]usf] u7g ug{] / To;kl5 Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] lgjf{rg 3f]if0ff ul/g'kb{5 . o:tf] ;dembf/L agfpg b]zdf uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng u/L lgjf{rg cfof]usf] u7g ul/g'kb{5 . hftLo ;b\efjnfO{ sfod /fVgs} nflu klg csf{] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjsf] e'd/Ldf b]znfO{ hflsgaf6 arfpg' h?/L 5 .

–rGb|k|sfz aflgofF

kl5Nnf] ;dodf zflGtk|lqmofn] lnPsf] ult / ljjfb ;dfwfg pk;ldltsf] ;lqmotfn] ;+ljwfg aGg] cfzf hufPsf] lyof] . elgGYof]– ;a} s'/f ;lN6P/ k|b]zsf] ;+Vof / gfdsf] ljjfb dfq jlNemPsf] 5 . /fhgLlts bnx¿aLr ;xdlt h'6\g g;s]sf ljifox¿nfO{ k|lqmofdf nu]/ 6'ª\Uofpg] s'/f klg ;'lgGYof] . ljifosf] uDeL/tf, g]kfnsf] hftLo agf]6 / a;f]af;sf lx;fan] Tof] k|lqmofaf6 ljifonfO{ 6'Ëf] nufpg] s'/f slt pko'Qm / b"/bzL{tfk"0f{ x'GYof] eGg] s'/f cnu ljifo xf] tfklg ax'dtsf] lg0f{o ;j{:jLsfo{ dflgg] k|hftflGqs cEof;af6 efUg ldNb}gYof] . ljjflbt ljifox¿n] ;+ljwfg;efdf k|j]z kfpFbf hghflt / dw];L ;ef;bx¿sf] ;+o'Qm df]rf{aGbLn] cfjZos u0fk'/s ;+Vof -b'O{tLxfO{_ af6 ljifosf] lsgf/f nfUg] :ki6 ;+s]t b]vfPsf] lyof] . h] h;/L / h] h:tf] ePklg ;+ljwfg aGg] ef] / ck]Iffs[t hgkIfLo ;+ljwfg aGg] 5 eGg] cfzf g]kfnL hgtfn] lnPsf] lyof] . t/ b'ef{Uoa;, ;+ljwfg;efsf] cfo' ;lsg'k"j{ /fhgLlts bnx¿aLr ;xdlt h'6]g, lgota; ;xdlt ul/Pg . ljjflbt ljifonfO{ k|hftflGqs k|lqmof -dtbfg_ åf/f 6'ª\Uofpg] ljifodf ;d]t ;xdlt h'6]g . ;jf]{Rrsf] cfb]zfg';f/ @)^( h]i7 !$ ut]sf] dWo/ftkl5 ;+ljwfg;ef :jtM lj36g x'g k'Uof] .

vf;u/]/ k|b]zx¿sf] gfdfÍg dtbfgåf/f 6'Ëf] nufpg g]kfnsf] k/Dk/fjfbL, k|ltufdL / oyfl:yltjfbL /fhgLlts lsQf rfxFb}gYof] . cfkm"nfO{ k|hftGqsf] 7]s]bf/ ;Demg] Tof] lsQfn] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 pQm ljjfb k|hftflGqs k|lqmofaf6 lg0f{o x'Fbf cfkm\gf] ?lr k|lts"nsf] lg0f{osf] ;'lglZrttf b]v]kl5 To;nfO{ 6fg{, cNdNofpg bf]>f] af6f] canDag u¥of] . cyf{t cfkm\gf] lglxt p2]Zo k|flKtsfnfuL /sdL hfnem]n / if8oGqsf] tfgfafgf a'Gg yfNof] . Psflt/ Pskl5 csf]{ jftf{sf] gf}6+sL ug]{, ;xdlt lsdfy+{ gug]{ / ;xdltsf gfddf ;do ljnlDat u/fpFb} hfg] s"6gLlt clVtof/ u¥of] eg] csf]{lt/ ;efd'vsf] dfWodaf6 slyt …¿kfGtl/t ;+;bÚsf] cjwf/0ff cl3;f/]/ ;se/ ljifonfO{ t'xfpg] jf cfkm\gf] k|lts"nsf] lg0f{o kfl/t x'g glbg] if8oGq u¥of] . gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] d'Vo cleoGtf dfcf]jfbL xf], p;nfO{ h;/L klg ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f u/]/ To;sf] h; cfkm"n] lng' 5 . To;}n] h] h:tf] ePklg Psyfg ;+ljwfg agfpg' p;sf] ceLi6 /xg] 5 . ;+3Lotfsf] 6'Ëf] gnfu]]klg goFf ;+ljwfgaf6 u0ftGq, wd{lg/k]Iftf / ;dfj]zL nf]stGq h:tf p;sf Ph]08fx¿ ;+:yfut x'g]x'Fbf ;+ljwfgsf] 3f]if0ff gu/Lsg ;+ljwfg;efsf] cj;fg x'g p;n] lsdfy{ lbFb}g eGg] cg'dfg k/dk/fjfbL /fhgLlts lsQfsf] lyof] . cfkm\g} kf6L{sf] c;Gt'i6 kIfsf] lj/f]w /xFbf /xFb} klg ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf] ljifonfO{ ck]Iffs[t ;:t}df 6'Ë\ofpg] cu|;/tf lnPsf] 36gfn] klg pgLx¿sf] cg'dfgnfO{ yk an k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . To;}n] k|b]zsf] gfdfÍg / ;+Vofsf] ljifonfO{ slyt ¿kfGtl/t ;+;bnfO{ lhDdf gnufOgx'g] kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f ug}{sf nflu ljifonfO{ nDAofOPsf] lyof] . jftf{ / 5nkmnnfO{ lg0f{odf gk'¥ofpg] hfnem]n ul/Psf] lyof] .

;jf]{Rr cbfntn] tf]lslbPsf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] cfo';Ldf ;dfKt gx'Fb} ;+3Lotfsf] ljifonfO{ ;+ljwfg;efdf k|j]z u/fpg gdfGg]÷glbg] if8oGq ug'{sf] p2]Zo cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] lgoGq0fdf /xg] Joj:ytflksfaf6 ;+3LotfnfO{ c;kmn agfpg ;lsg] jblgotk"0{f cg'dfg u/]/} ;efd'vsftkm{af6 …¿kfGtl/t ;+;bÚsf] /sdLk|:tfj ;fj{hlgs u/fOof] . hghflt ;ef;bx¿nfO{ k|efljt u/fpg] p2]Zojf6 ToxL ;d'bfosf ;efd'vnfO{ k|of]u ul/Psf] xf]Og eGg klg ;lsb}g . lg0f{odf k'Ugaf6 ;w}+ ts{g], cfn6fn ug]{ / ;do 3sf{pg] / ;+ljwfg;efsf] afFsL lhDd]jf/L slyt ¿kfGtl/t ;+;bnfO{ lbnfpg}sf nflu ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofbyksf ;DaGwdf clu|d / k|lts"n lg0f{olng] ljifodf cbfntnfO{ ;d]t cjfl~5t¿kdf k|efjdf kfl/Psf] lyof] eg]/ ahf/df rn]sf] rrf{df cljZjf; ug]{ 7fpF klg 5}g eGg' a9\tf x'g]5}g .

hglxt k|lts"nsf] lg0f{o g} eP klg cbfntsf] lgotdf z+sf ug{ ldNb}g . km};nflj?4 af]Ng klg ldNb}g t/ dgleqsf] z+sfnfO{ bafpg klg ufx|f] k5{ . lsgls ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf ;a} ljifox¿ 6'ËfP/ afFsL Psdfq …/fHok'g;+{/rgfÚ sf] ljifodf ;+ljwfg;efn] 3lge"t 5nkmn rnfpg yfn]sf] lyof] . bnx¿aLr rn]sf Jofks 5nkmn / ;ef;bx¿sf] ?lr x]bf{ ;+ljwfg;efdf ljifon] k|j]z kfpgf;fy ;+j}wflgs k|lqmofaf6 ljifosf] 6'Ëf] nfUg] lglZrt b]lvPsf] lyof] . /fhgLlts bnx¿ h'6]sf lyP, ;+ljwfg;efn] Jou|tfk"j{s lg0ff{os 38Lsf] k|tLIff ul//x]sf] lyof], g]kfnL hgtf ;ljwfg;efn] d[To'j/0f ug'{k"j{ ;+ljwfg agfcf];\ eGg] rfxGy] . ljZj;d'bfo g]kfndf ;+lwjfg;ef ;kmn ePsf] x]g{b]Vg rfxGYof] . cjZo, ;jf]{Rr cbfnt klg ;+ljwfg gagf];\ eGg] t rfxFb}gYof] xf]nf . !$ ut]leq ;+ljwfg aGg g;s]klg @÷$ xKtfsf] yk ;do kfpFbf ljjflbt ljifox¿sf] 6'Ëf] nufpg] ;Defjgf k|an b]lvPsf] lyof] . clnstf ljnDa ePul/Psf] eP klg ;+ljwfg aGg] :ki6 e};s]sf] cj:yfdf s]jn sfg'gsf lstfadf cfFvf Psf]xf]¥ofP/ ;DkGg x'g} nfu]sf] d'n'ssf] lj/f6 sfo{ef/ etfe'Ë kfg]{ / g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] ;kgf t'xfpg] cljj]s k|bz{g ug{ cbfntnfO{ clek|]l/tug]{ tTj s] x'g;S5 eg]/ hgtfn] c8\sn cg'dfg ug{'nfO{ cGoyf cy{df lng ldNb}g .

;+ljwfg;efsf] lj36gsf nflu cbfntn] cu|;/tf glnPsf] eP cyjf lg0f{o lng] s'/fdf ;w} l9nf;':tL ug]{ cfkm\gf] k"j{ k/Dk/f yfd]sf] dfq eP klg d'n'sn] ;+ljwfg kfpFYof] . sfFu|]; Pdfn]sf] hfnem]nn] ljifonfO{ ;+ljwfg;efdf k|j]z u/fpgaf6 w]/} lbg ljnDa u/fpg ;Qm}gYof] . ;fob of] sf]0faf6 cbfntn] ljifonfO{ x]b}{ x]/]g . gqeg] clnstf ljnDa u/]sf] eP …;k{ klg dg]{ nf}/f] eg] ;fj't /xg]Ú kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f x'GYof] . /fHo k'g;+{/rgfsf] o'ufGtsf/L kl/jt{g krfpg g;s]sf] g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] oyfl:yltjfbL lsQfsf] …;+ljwfg klg aGg] / cfkm\gf] OR5f k|lts"nsf] k|b]z lgdf{0f klg gx'g]Ú kl/l:ylt lgdf{0fs} nflu cbfntnfO{ k|ToIf ck|ToIf k|efjdf kfl/Psf] cg'dfg cfd ag]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f clGtd r/0fdf cfOk'Ubf ss; / dw]zjfbL bnx¿sf] ;lqmotf / Pstfn] oyfl:yltjfbL / ;+3Lotf lj/f]wL lsQfnfO{ g/fd|f];Fu em:sfOlbof] . To;}n] Tof] lsQf ax'dtsf] lg0f{o dfGg'kg]{ ;j{dfGo k|hftflGqs cEof;sf] lj?4 if8oGq / hfnem]ndf plqof] . cfkm\gf] lglxt ceLi6 k'/f u/fpgsf lgldQ cbfntnfO{ ;d]t k|of]u ug]{ u/fpg] cleofgdf ;kmntf k|fKt u¥of] ;fob . 36gf kl/l:yltn] cfd hgtfsf] of] cg'dfgnfO{ ;Tosf] glhs /x]sf] b]vfpg] ;+of]u h'/]sf] 5 eGg 8/fpg' kb}{g .

h]xf];\, gx'g'kg]{ s'/f eof] . cgk]lIft ¿kdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] cj;fg lgDTofOof] . Tof] b'ef{Uok"0f{ v]ndf cbfnt klg ;fd]n ef] . /fhgLltn] u/]sf] ljnDasf] uNtLsf] d"No cbfntn] r'sfpg] ef] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] c;fdlos d[To'sf] sf/0f cbfntsf] lg0f{o dflgg] kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f ef] . /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] csd{0otf 5fFofdf kg{ uof] . t/ /fhgLltsf] Tof] lsQf h;n] ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ c;kmn agfpg] s'lT;t k|oTg u¥of] To;n] hfnem]n / if8oGqaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] ;kmnntf lbuf] /xFb}g eGg] s'/f gla;{bf /fd|f] x'G5 . o;k6s if8oGqk"j{s ljkmn u/fOPsf] ;+3Lotfsf] cleofg eljiodf cem z;Qm ag]/ lg:sg] 5 . cfd zf]lift, lkl8t / kl5kfl/Psf hgtfsf] rfxgf / cfjfh ;w}sf nflu gt ann] /f]Sg ;lsG5 gt 5nn] bafpg] ;lsG5 . sTn]cfd ul/Psf] Tof] hgcfsf+Iff k|To]s k6s /QmaLh ag]/ pd|g] 5, p7\g] 5 .

–gf/fo0fk|;fb zdf{

ljkGg agfOPsf] ;fgf] b]zn] jiff{};Dd nf]stGq / ;d[l4sf] nflu 7"nf] n8fOF n8\b} cfof] . kl5Nnf] bz jif{] hgo'4n] d'n's Ift–ljIft x'g] cj:yf b]vfk¥of] . To;sf] cr"s cf}iflw ;+ljwfg;ef g} xf] eG7fg]/ bf}l8of] / cGttM ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ug{ ;a} bnsf g]tfx¿ ;xdt eP . cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn] u0ftGq / ;dfj]zL nf]stGqnfO{ clËsf/ u¥of] . tL lsg kl/jt{gsfdL hgtfsf houfg / hfu/0fsf /x] < pT;fx / pdËsf /x] <

ckmzf]r, ;+ljwfg;ef eË x'g] clGtd 38Ldf d]/f] tgdgdf e"sDksf] em6\sf h:tf] cg'ej eof], d]/f] ;kgfsf] ;+;f/ uNof{du'n{'d 9n]sf] h:tf] eof] . d}n] Psl5g cfk"mnfO{ lgs} sdhf]/ dfG5] 7fg]+ . cËk|ToË, dgdl:tis lzlyn ePsf] h:tf] cg'e"lt eof] . zfob 8fS6/ glhs /x]sf] eP hfFr u/fpFy] ls < d]/f] ljjztfn] dnfO{ ;f]Rg nufof] . d]/f] cufl8 d}n] ^) jif{cl3b]lv k9\b} cfPsf] Human Nature gfdsf] k':ts lyof] . ;+s6sf] a]nf o;n] d]/f] pkrf/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . To;sf] Pp6f ;"q ;Dem]+ Every body feels cyf{t\ k|To]s JolQm ;+j]bgzLn x'G5 . clt sd efjgf k|wfg xa6{ :k]S;/n] hLjgsf] cGt–cGtdf :jLsf/ u/] "the brain is half feeling" of] jfSon] d]/f] dndkl§ u¥of] . o:t} eP/ t xf]nf k|sfz >]i7 -k//fi6«dGqL_ l6eLdf /f]P xf]nfg\ Û k6s–k6s kß/Tg t'nfw/ klg /f]Psf] b]v]sf] 5' d}n] .

dfG5] lgi7'/ / k|f0fL klg xf] . :jfy{n] p;nfO{ pGdfbL q"m/ agfOlbG5 . g]kfnsf] klxnf] sDo'lgi6 k|wfgdGqL dgdf]xg clwsf/Ln] d[To'z}ofdf /x]/ c:ktfnaf6 k|wfgdGqL kbaf6 /fhLgfdf ug{' ePsf ;Demgf eof] . Tolta]nf pk|wfgdGqL dfwj g]kfnsf] lgGofp/f] dnLg cg'xf/sf] ;Demgf 5 . csf{lt/ v'zL dgfpg]x¿sf] d':sfg klg x]g{ kfO{Psf] lyof] . To; lbg dWo/ftdf lg/fz pbf;L dgn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] cfo' ;ls+bf ;+ljwfg;efaf6 3/ kms{+bf s:tf] eP xf]nf Û

sf]7fdf a;]/ o:tf] va/ ;'Gbf cfwf bh{g 6fps] g]tfx¿nfO{ d]/f] efj's dgn] ;Qf/f]k u¥of] klg lsgls x/]s JolQmdf ;+j]bgf x'G5 . p2]Zo, :jfefj / ljrf/cg';f/ x/]s JolQmdf ;+j]bgf lbg] ljifoj:t' eg] km/s–km/s x'G5g\ . s;}nfO{ o;n] xfO;~rf]sf] lkmn eP xf]nf . t/ klg ;dfh t z'Gotfdf /xg ;Sb}g . a'4n] /fhf z'4f]wgsf] k|f0f l3ls/l3ls/ x'Fbf eg]sf lyP, …a'af d / /f]lxt klg tkfO{ g} xf}+,  zf:qdf elgPsf] 5– cfTd g} hfot] k'q . d}n] klg Pp6f ;+ljwfg;ef eË eP klg ;+ljwfgsf lahx¿ oqtq 5g\ eGg] ;f]r+ . kmntM csf{] ;+ljwfg cfpF5 g} eGb} cfufdL d+l;/ & ut] csf{] r'gfjsf] 3f]if0ff eof] xf]nf Û

csf{] km;fb Û lqmofn] k|ltlqmof hgfpF5 . …sf+u|];–Pdfn] af}nfP– c;+j}wflgs eof] tfgfzfxL nfb\g] eP, k|wfgdGqLn] /fhLgfdf lbg}k5{ . s'ts{ ug{] jlsnx¿ sxfF klg ltgLx¿ /fi6«klt;Fu u'xf/ dfUg k'u] . d emNof:; ePF, km]l/ ?SdfËb sf08 kmls{g] xf] ls < t/ clxn];Dd To:tf] s]xL ePsf] 5}g . 3l/3l/ cf+nsfl/s /fi6«kltn] To:tf] gunf{g\ h:tf] nfU5 . pgn] elgxfn] d ;+ljwfg ljk/Lt hfg} ;Sb}g .

xfdLh:t} lbUbf/ eP/ k|wfgdGqL r'krfk kms{]sf] eP s] x'GYof] < /fhLgfdf lbPsf eP s] x'GYof] < ;a} eË eP klg s'g x's'dL z}nLn] ;/sf/ aGYof] < o:tf k|Zg Ps;]Ps jsfnt rNYof] xf]nf . gofF lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ffn] ubf{ g} clxn] df}gtf 5fof] . gq cfuf] afNg stL a]/ nfUYof] / < t/ dfG5] sxL+ r'k nfU5g\ / < cfGbf]ngsf] /fFsf] ;Nsfpg sltko bnx¿ p2t b]lvG5g\ . pgLx¿sf] lrQ a'emf];\ klg s;/L < dlGqd08ndf hfg] xf], /fhLgfdf kf] lbO;lsPsf] 5 . To;}n] pgLx¿ gofF k|wfgdGqLsf] vf]hLdf 5g\, Tolt eP r'gfjdf ;lhnf] x'G5 /] Û

r'gfjaf/] d]/f] klg k'/fgf] cg'ej 5 . )!% ;fndf ;DkGg ePsf] cfd lgjf{rgdf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] tk{maf6 d klg pDd]bjf/ lyPF . Tolta]nf bfªdf yf? hfltsf] cTolws ;+Vof lyof] . sf+u|];n] ToxfF klg hfltjfbL gf/f nufof] ls d afx'gsf] kf7fnfO{ r'gfjdf x/fpg clt ;lhnf] eof] . o;kfnL #@) ;ef;bx¿sf] hfltjfbL ef]6sf] ln:6 k|r08sxfF k'u]kl5 sf+u|]; ljkIfLx¿sf] xf];xjf; u'd eof] . d]/f] ljrf/df P]ltxfl;s gfdsf] s'/f xf] eg] w]/}sf] ;xdlt x'g;S5 . t/ Pstfsf dw];af6 kxf8L d"nsf dfG5] nv]l6Pem}+ x'g] xf] eGg] k|r08x¿n] klg s] u/L ;DxfNnfg\ / < o;n] klg s]xL dflg;x¿ t cflQg' :jfefljs 5 .

of] PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbL eP klg xfd|f] ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts k5f}6]kgn] dfG5] clxn] hfltjfbL h:tf b]lvP klg elljio To:tf] x'g;Sb}g . r]tgfsf] :t/ t w]/}sf] al9;s]sf] 5 . k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;+/rgfn] lbPsf] ;+sL0f{ hfltjfbL ;+:sf/ l6Sg ;Sg] l:ylt 5Fb}5}g . oxL s'/f a'e]m/ sf+u|];–Pdfn]n] klg r'gfj alxisf/ eg]sf 5}gg\ lg Û nf]stflGqs pkfo t lgjf{rg kSs} xf] . olta]nf dnfO{ cfˆgf] sljtfsf] ofb eof]–

hudf ;a Ps} xf}+ 5tdf dfq e]b 5
g k"/} ;Gt xf] dfG5] g k"/} jgdfg'if

d}]n] cufl8 k|;+u rnfPsf] k':tssf] egfO 5– *% k|ltzt xfdL ;a} Ps} xf} . !% k|ltzt dfq km/s 5f}+ . of] ;Tosf] pb\3f6g x'Fb} hfFbf cGttM xfdL ;a} g]kfnL Ps x'G5f}+ . l9nf]rfF8f] Tof] g cfP/ ;'v} 5}g . lxh} s[i0f kxf8Ln] Pp6f cGtjf{tf{df eGg'eof] / s]xL k'/fgf] lrGtg af]s]sf Outdated g]tfx¿n] labf lng ;s] t /fd|} x'g] xf] . nf]stGqdf dtbfgaf6} unxTofpg] xf] . ckmzf]r ;dfg'kfltsaf6 tL km]l/ kmls{xfN5g\ . ltgLx¿nfO{ lg0ff{os x'g glbg] Joj:yf s] kf] xf]nf / < h]xf];\, 8'Ag} lbg] ls hxfh lsgf/f nufP/ km]l/ ofqf ug{] < a'l4dfgn] ug{] sfd hxfh 8'Ag glbP/ km]l/ ofqf yfNg' /fd|f] .

o; ;DaGwdf k|fWofks 8f=nf]s/fh a/fnsf] egfO klg 3tnfUbf] nfUof] . o:tf] a]nfdf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] km};nf cg';f/ klg lgjf{rgdf hfg' pQd ljsNk xf] . k|ltkIfLx¿sf] lj/f]wsf] dgf]lj1fg r'gfjdf kl5 kl/G5 ls eGg] qf; xf] . ;lhnf] kfg{ pgLx¿ df]rf{ agfpg ;S5g\ < gofF ;/sf/sf] lgdf{0fsf] dfu ug{ klg ;S5g\ . ca /fi6«klt / k|wfgdGqLn] s;/L cfZj:t ug{ ;S5g\ Tof] kv{g'k5{

cGtdf lgjf{rg ;kmn kfg{] g} xf] eg] /fli6«o ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . Go'gtd ¿kdf lagf ;xdlt lgjf{rg ;DkGg x'g klg ;Dej b]lv+b}g . lgjf{rg ;DkGg x'g g;s] g]kfndf k'gM cGwsf/ o'un] k|j]z kfpF5 . b'ef{Uo g} eGg'kg{] eof] . g]kfnL /fhgLltdf ;lxi0f'tf, ;xof]u / ;b\efj k|ltlbg n'Kt eO/x]5 . –@)^(÷@÷!&

–/f]dxif{ lwtfn

d]/f] k9fOdf a|]s eof], t/ kf6L{sf g]tfx¿;Fu e]6\g] qmdsf] ult a9\b} uof] . l6sf/fdhL / bfh' hLj/fh lwtfn ;Fu;Fu} lx+8\g yfn] . kf6L{sf g]tfx¿;Fu e]6\g] 5nkmn ug{] sfd lg/Gt/ /Xof] . a}7s / e]nfx¿df klg ;do–;dodf hfg] cj;/ kfPF . Tof] a}7s / e]nfdf x'g] 5nkmn / ljjfbn] slxn]sfxL+ lvGg klg x'Gy] . a'‰b} hfFbf 5nkmn / ljjfbn] ;xL lgisif{df k'Ug ;ls+bf]/x]5 / kf6L{nfO{ ;'b[9 / Psl9Ssf klg agfpFbf] /x]5 . t/ tLtf] cg'ej klg s] 5 eg] slxn]sfxL+ JolQmut :jfy{ / cj;/sf nflu ljjfb eof] eg] To;n] u'6 ;[hgf ug{] / kf6L{ ljefhg;d]t x'g] u/]sf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] Oltxf; 5 . cem} klg dnfO{ Pp6f 36gfsf] tfh} ;Demgf 5 . xfd|f legfh'sf] wfg ldnaf6 Pp6f kfyL -;fgf] ePsf]n]_ lzj/fhhLsf] g]t[Tjdf kfyL ldnaf6 nu]/ uOof] . ToxL sf/0fn] lzj/fhhL / hLj/fh bfh'x¿sf] aLr ljjfb eof], To;n] dgd'6fjsf] ;[hgf u¥of] . a}7sdf klg lyPF, rsf{rsL{ k¥of] . ToxL a}7såf/f ddfly klg k|ZglrXg v8f eof], hLj/fhsf] efO eg]/ . Pp6f sDo'lgi6 gftfsf k5fl8 nfUb}g, ljrf/sf k5fl8 nfU5 eGg] s'/f ga'‰bf d}n] s]xL ;do cK7]/f]df kg{'k¥of] . t/ d]/f] ljrf/ / cf:yf sDo'lgi6k|lt g} ePsf] x'Fbf s;}n] 5]sjf/ u/]/ 5]lsg] klg xf]Og eGb} lg/Gt/ nflu/xg] 5' eGg] d]/f] b[9tfn] cfh;Dd dnfO{ bfofFafofF ug{ lbPsf] 5}g . sDo'lgi6leqsf pk/f]Qm /f]ux¿ cem} klg a]nfdf}sfdf df}nfpFbf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{nfO{ Psl9Ssf x'gaf6 /f]ls/x]sf] 5 / ljefhgsf bb{gfs 36gf x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ .

dnfO{ ;Demgf eP;Dd @)@@ ;fndf d}n] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] ;b:otf kfPsf] x'F . d}n] kf6L{sf ;s{'n/ x]g{] / cfly{s ;xof]u klg v'nf x[bon] ub{} cfPsf] lyPF . @)@@ ;fnd} d}n] ljjfx u/]+ !! jif{sL s]6L;Fu, lktfhLn] d+ugL u/]/ . d]/f] >LdtLsf cfdfa'af wd{k|lt s§/ cf:yf /fVg'x'GYof] ;f]xL ;+:sf/ / ;+:s[lt lnP/ lelqOg\ pgL 3/df . b'ef{Uo egf}+ @)@@ ;fns} df3 dlxgfdf lktfhLsf] b]xfj;fg eof] . lktfhLn] cfˆgf] d[To'cl3 d d/]kl5 s'g} lsl;dsf] bfg cflb gug{' dl/;s]kl5 dfG5] km]l/ of] wtL{df cfpFb}g . oL cj}1flgs s'/fk|lt d]/f] ljZjf; 5}g eg] klg ;fdflhs cj:yfn] ;Lldt dfqfdf ;+:sf/hGo s]xL sd{ u¥of}+ . !# lbgkl5 eg] cGo sfo{ u/]gf}+ lsgeg] xfdLnfO{ klg of] s'/fdf ljZjf; lyPg . Ifo/f]un] kLl8t, cf}ifwL pkrf/ ubf{ub{} xfd|f] cfly{s cj:yf s]xL vNalnof], s]xL hUuf hldg ;d]t a]Rg afWo ePsf lyof}+ . xfdL wfld{s ;+:sf/cg';f/ lqmofdf a:g] eof}+ . bfh' hLj/fh / tf]ofgfy eg] cfˆg} jf;:yfg ef]hk'/ bfªd} lqmof a:g] lgwf] ug{'eof] . bfh' tf]ogfy Pp6f of]hgfsf/ / ;dfhsf] cu'jfO{ ug{] Ifdtf /fVg'x'GYof] . ef]hk'/nufotsf s]xL ufpFx¿ dnfjf/] s'nfsf] afFw elTs+bf jiff{}jif{b]lv cfsfz] v]tLsf] e/df lyof] . pxfFn] of]hgf agfO{ dnjf/] s'nf] lgdf{0f ;ldlt agfpg'eof] . afFw afFWg] / s'nf] lgdf{0fdf cfˆgf] lgb{]zgdf ug{'kg{] sf/0fn] klg ef]hk'/d} lqmof a:g'eof] . bfh' tf]ogfy OdfGbf/ / cfˆgf of]hgfdf nugzLn / b[9 JolQmsf ¿kdf ;dfhdf kl/lrt x'g'x'GYof] . pxfF;Fu d]/f] a;fp7L / 5nkmn klg 3g}¿kdf rNYof] . dfS;{jfbsf] cWoog / cf:yf klg /fd|} ePsf] cj:yf lyof] Tof] . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] 3f]if0ffkqsf] af/]df JofVof;lxt /fd|f];Fu k|i6 kf/]sf] cfh}h:tf] nfU5 . cGo bfz{lgs rfjf{s, af}4 cflbsf af/]df ;d]t /fd|};Fu a'‰g] df}sf kfPsf] lyPF .

d, d]/f] >LdtL / efOx¿ xfdL 8f]q]mgfdf a:Yof}+ . xfd|f 3/df kf6L{sf g]tf sfo{stf{x¿sf] cfpg]qmd a9\of] . xfdL a;]/ /fhgLlts 5nkmn ubf{ d]/f] >LdtL klg xfdL;Fu} a;]/ s'/f ;'lGyg . d]/f] a9L ghbLsL df]tLk'/ bfªsf gf/fo0f cfrfo{;Fu a9\b} uof] . pxfF d[b'efifL ldng;f/ / kl/jf/df l5§} 3'nldn x'g] JolQm xf] . pxfF;Fusf] lg/Gt/ e]63f6 a;fp7Ln] cWoogdf d]/f] ljsf; qmda4 cufl8 a9\of] . oxL l;nl;nfdf s=g]qnfn kf}8]n;Fu klg a]nfdf}sfdf e]6 x'g] cj;/ kfOof] . pxfF l;4/Tggfy dfWolds ljBfno gf/fo0fk'/ bfªdf x]8df:6/ x'g'x'GYof] . Toltv]/ bfª lhNnf sld6L 5'§} cfˆgf] klxrfgsf ;fy cl:tTjdf lyof] . lzj/fh uf}tdsf] g]t[Tjdf sDo'lgi6 a'n]l6g lgSnGYof] . a'n]l6g ! / @ lgsflnof] . d}n] o;} aLrdf klxnf] k6s sf7df8f}+ hfg] cj;/ ldNof] . sf7df8f}+df sDo'lgi6 g]tf / ljBfyL{;Fu e]63f6 / 5nkmn eO/xGYof] . pxfFx¿s} ;xof]udf lrlgofF / sf]l/og /fhb"tfjf;dfkm{t xf] Sof/] dfcf] / lsd On ;''ªsf /rgfnufotsf @, @ k|lt lstfax¿ sf7df8f}+af6 lnP/ cfPF . !, ! k|lt s=g]qnfnnfO{ k7fO lbPF . To;kl5 xfdL wdsfk'/ bfªdf a;fOF ;¥of}+ . s=zf]effd a:g]tnufot uf]7'jf bfªsf ;fyLx¿;Fu e]63f6 x'g] qmd hf/L /Xof] . ptf ef]hk'/lt/ klg cfpg] hfg] qmd hf/L g} /Xof] . ef]hk'/df sDo'lgi6 g]tfx¿fs] rxnkxn / cfjthfjt lg/Gt/ h;f] lyof] . o;f] x]bf{ rf/}lt/ sDo'lgi6sf] afx'Notf ePsf] cg'ej x'GYof] . t/ klg juL{o ;dfhdf zf]ifs ju{sf cfwf/x¿ sd 5g\ eg]/ eGg ;lsg] cj:yf eg] lyPg . k|x/L, k|zf;g / Gofofnonufot zf]ifsx¿s} Ozf/fsf e08f/ lyP . Tolt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg hgtfn] cfˆgf xslxtsf nflu ;+3if{ ub{} cfPsf] Oltxf; 5 . oxL k|;+udf d dnjf/] s'nf] lgdf{0fdf :yfgLo ;fdGtn] cj/f]w ubf{ub{} klg hgtfsf] ch]o zlQmsf k5fl8 ;fdGtx¿ uNg}kYof{], un] . dnjf/] s'nf] / afFw ;DkGg eof] .

bfh' tf]ogfy lwtfnn] s'g} g s'g} gf}nf] of]hgf ;f]rL /fVg'x'GYof] . o; If]qdf ljBfnosf] cefj lyof] . lgdflj, k|fylds ljBfnosf ljifodf ;fyLx¿;Fu 5nkmn eof] . xl/kf}/f bfª lgjf;L nf]sdl0f cfrfo{n] lgdflj / dfljsf] vr{ Ps} xf] dflj g} /fvf+} eg]/ ;Nnfx lbg'eof] . ;f]xLcg';f/ dflj= :yfkgf ug{] lgwf] eof] . afnldt]/L xfO :s'nsf] gfddf :yflkt dfljnfO{ ef]hk'/ bfªsf ;a} hUufwgLn] hUuf x:tfGt/0f u/] . xfdL :jo+;]js eP/ k9fpg yfNof}+ . bfh' tf]ogfy x]8df:6/ x'g'eof] . ljBfnosf] k9fO :t/Lo x'Fb} hfFbf ljBfyL{sf] ;+Vof qmdzM a9\b} uof] . xfdLn] ljBfyL{nfO{ ;+ul7t ub{} uof}+ . cTolws dfqfdf ljBfyL{ sDo'lgi6 ljrf/wf/fk|lt cf:yf a9fpFb} uP . ufpFufpFaf6 cfpg] ls;fgsf 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿;d]t sDo'lgi6 ljrf/wf/f;Fu cfs[i6 ePsf] b]Vbf ;fdGtx¿ sfKg yfn] . ptf g]kfnL sf+u|];, sDo'lgi6sf] cv8f aGof] eg]/ cQflng yfn] . ljrf/ / l;4fGt;Fu tfls{s ax; ug{ g;Sg] sf+u|]; ;fdGtx¿sf] cf8df lbgbxf8} xftxltof/;lxt PSsf;L cfqmd0fdf plqP/ s=km;f{/fd b]jsf]6fnfO{ lg3f{t s'6], bfh' tf]ogfy lwtfnnfO{ klg s'6] . t/ klg :s'n lg/Gt/ rNb} uof], rNb}5 . xfdL klg ljBfyL{nfO{ ;+ul7t ug{] / j}rfl/s Snf; lbg] s'/fdf emg} tLj|tf lbof}+ . :s'n :yflkt eO;s]kl5 zf]ef/fd a:g]t / d}n] :s'n 5f8\of}+ .

Pp6f ;fgf] k|;+u, d}n] dfgk'/ bfªdf h'Qfsf] k;n uy{] . ;Dejt @@ ;fneGbf cufl8b]lv xf] . bfh' hLj/fhn] cf}ifwL k;n . Psk6s z}n]Gb|s'df/ pkfWofohL bfh'sf] k;ndf cfpg'eof] . pxfF;Fu /fhgLlts 5nkmn ubf{ kf6L{sf] Oltxf; /f]rs 9Ën] ;'gfpg' ePsf] lyof] . hf] cfh klg lbdfudf tfh} 5 . To;}u/L lgnfDa/ cfrfo{;Fu klg 5nkmn x'Fbf kf6L{leq dte]b eP klg of] >dhLjL hgtfsf] kf6L{ xf] . xfd|f] kf6L{ Ps lbg Psl9Ssf x'G5 unt dfG5] hfG5g\, xfd|f] p2]Zodf xfdL k'U5f}+ eGg'ePsf] JolQm cfh g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] uf]6L ag]/ a:g' ePsfn] JolQmut :jfy{df dfG5]sf] eljio cGwsf/df s;/L hfls+bf]/x]5 eg]/ ;a} sDo'lgi6 elgg]x¿n] kf7 l;Sg'kb{5 .

–s0f{k|v/ lwtfn

…af]s]sf] s''s'/n] d[usf] lzsf/ ug{ ;Sb}gÚ eGy] xfd|f k"vf{x¿n] . ljb]zLx¿sf Ph]08f af]s]/ v8f ePsf] ;+ljwfg;efn] g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg agfpg ;Sb}g eGg] cg'dfg w]/} g]kfnLx¿sf] lyof], cflv/df Tolx cg'dfg ;To ;fljt eof] . h]7 !$ ut] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f gul/sg} ;+ljwfg;efn] d[To'j/0f u¥of] / ;Fu;Fu} @)^@ ;fn d+l;/ & ut] lbNnLdf ;DkGg ;ft bn / dfcf]jfbL aLrsf] !@ a'Fb] ;+emf}tfsf cfwf/df tof/ kfl/Psf] …/f]8DofkÚsf] Oxlnnf klg o;};fy ;dfKt eof] . o;aLrdf cf–cfˆgf :jfy{sf w]/} 7"nf bfx|fg+u|f kfn]sf s]xL dflg;x¿ ;+ljwfg;efsf] cj;fgsf sf/0f ljrlnt ag]sf k|ltlqmof klg ;'Gg–k9\g kfOof] . t/ clwsf+z g]kfnLn] of] 36gfnfO{ :jfefljs ¿kdf u|x0f u/], pgLx¿n] s'g} lj:dft k|s6 u/]gg\ .

)^@÷)^# sf] kl/jt{gkl5 b]zn] ;f]Rb} g;f]r]sf] / g]kfnL hgtfn] sNkg} gu/]sf] /fli6«otf dflysf] cfqmd0f xfdLn] b]Vg' ef]Ug' k¥of] . ljlw / k|lqmof gk'¥ofPsf ljb]ZfLx¿ vf;u/L ef/tLox¿nfO{ nfvf}+sf] ;+Vofdf gful/stf k|bfg ug]{ !@ a'Fb] ;Demf}tfsf] /f]8Dofk To;}, klg /fi6«3ftL lyof] . To;dfly hgcfGbf]ngn] sxL+ st} dfu g} gu/]sf] slyt wd{lg/k]Iftf b]zdfly yf]kl/of] . To;kl5 cfof] /fhGqsf] kfnf] . klxn] dfcf]jfbLn] u0ftGq 3f]if0ff ug]{ k|lta4tf ghgfP;Dd ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf g} ;xefuL gx'g] dfusf] gf6s d~rg u¥of] / kl5 ;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] a}7sn] u0ftGq 3f]]if0ff ug]{ ;xdlt åf/f Tof] b[Zosf] k6fIf]k ul/of] .

clxn];Dd g]kfnsf k|foM;a} /fhgLlts kIfx¿n] oL ;a} 36gfqmdsf] ;dLIff / cfTd;dLIff ul/;s]sf] x'g'k5{ . h–h;n] ul/;s]sf 5}gg\ b]zsf] efjL b'b{zfn] ;a}nfO{ o:tf] ;dLIff / cfTd;dLIff ug{ afWo t'Nofpg] g} 5 . pk/f]Qm tLg j6f k|d'v 36gfx¿ g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf sdhf]/ kfg]{ p2]Zon] k|]l/t lyP eGg] ;To;Fu ca z'4 g]kfnLx¿ hfgsf/ eO;s]sf 5g\ . ;f}efUon] ;+ljwfg;ef 7fpFsf] 7fpFd} d/]sf] 5, cGoyf of] ;+ljwfg;efn] ;+ljwfg hf/L u/]sf] eP xfd|f] b'b{zf ;f]leot ;+3sf] ktgsf] h:t} bb{zf x'g] lyof] . xfd|f] b'u{ltdf b'lgofF xfF:Yof], xfdL Pp6f s'gfdf a;]/ kZrftfk ub}{ /f]O/x]sf x'g] lyof}+ .

;+ljwfg;efsf] c:jfefljs cfj;fgkl5, xfdL csf]{ cFWof/f] vf8ndf v;]sf 5f}+ . ;+ljwfg ag]sf] ePklg cem w]/} cFWof/f] / 7"nf] vf8ndf v:Yof}+ . cGtl/d ;+ljwfg;Fu g} b]zsf] /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] s'g} j}slNks af6f] g} 5}g . o:t} hl6n df]8df /fi6«n] cfˆgf gful/sx¿;Fu ;Dos ljj]s / w}o{sf] dfu u5{ . gful/sx¿n] bnut :jfy{af6 dfly p7]/ ;f]Rg] a]nf klg olx xf] . Pp6f ;lx lzIfflnP/ /fi6«nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg ljut %–^ jif{sf cg'ej sd 5}gg\ . e§/fO{ ;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] csf]{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;Dej 5}g . cj /fi6«n] ;lx lgsf;sf] dfu ul//x]sf] 5 . Pp6f s'g} klg zlQmnfO{ lgif]w u/]/ cl3 a9\g] cltjfbL ;f]r g]kfn /fi6«sf] eljiosf nflu 3fts 5 .

;+ljwfg;efsf] cj;fg Pp6f cj;/ klg xf] . of] Oltxf; lgdf{0f ug]{ cj;/ klg xf] . xfdL slxn] l;Ëfk'/sf] s'/f u5f}{ t slxn] :jL6\h/Nof08sf] . xfdL cs}{sf j:q cfe'if0fx¿sf] rrf{ ub}{ubf{ cfFkm' lgj{:q ePsf] kQ} kfpFb}gf} . cj xfdLn] cfˆg} nflu cfˆg} s'/f ug]{ j]nf cfPsf] 5 . jf:tljs /fli6«o d]nldnfk / jf:tljs /fli6«o k'glgdf{0fsf] ofqf cj yfngL ug'{k5{ . cGoyf g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] of] k':tf Pp6f cle;Kt k':tfsf] ¿kdf Oltxf;df bh{ x'g] lglZrt 5 .

–s[i0fk|;fb cfrfo{

s'g} klg b]zsf] cfly{s ;d[l4 Tof] b]zsf] /fhgLlts l:y/tf;Fu l;w} hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . /fhgLltn] ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] af6f]df b]znfO{ 8f]¥ofpg] ePsf sf/0f /fhgLlts l:y/tf ckl/xfo{ x'G5 . clxn] crfgs / ck|Toflzt ¿kdf ;+ljwfg hf/L g} ug{ g;s]/ ;+ljwfg;ef lj36g ePkl5 xfd|f] b]z km]l/ Psk6s /fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf] e'Fd/Ldf k/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] ut )^* ;fn d+l;/ ( ut]sf] km};nf d'tfljs g} ;/sf/n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] csf]{ r'gfjdf hfg] lg0f{o lnPsf]df sf+u|]; / Pdfn] h:tf kf6L{x¿n] b]vfPsf] c;xof]usf] e"ldsfn] b]z /fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf] lbzfdf hfg yfn]sf] xf] ls eGg] cfz+sf k}bf x'g' :jfefljs 5 . t/ ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] cf]bz sfof{Gjog ug{' klg c;+j}wflgs x'G5 eGg' d"v{tf xf] .

/fhgLltdf ljjfb, ax; / 5nkmn x'g' :jfefljs 5 . bnx¿ ;a}sf] Pp6} ljrf/ x'g] xf] eg] csf]{ bnsf] cfjZostf g} kb}{g . To;sf/0f ljrf/df ljljwtf x'g'nfO{ nf]stfGqdf c:jfefljs 7fGg' klg x'Fb}g . d]/f] lrGtf t s] dfq xf] eg] ;/sf/df /x]sf] kf6L{n] u/]sf ;a} lg0f{ox¿sf] lj/f]w g} ug'{ k5{ eGg] dfgl;stf eg] b]z lxtsf nflu pko'Qm 5}g . lj/f]wsf nflu lj/f]w ug'{ k5{ eGg] rl/q /fi6«sf] pGgltsf nflu 3fts 5 . jf:tjdf ;+ljwfg;ef lj36g e} ;s] kl5 r'gfjsf] s'g} ljsNk g} lyPg . cGo /fhgLlts bnx¿;Fu cfh klg r'gfjsf] cfsf]{ ljsNk 5}g . To;f] xf] eg] clxn]sf] lj/f]w / ;/sf/ lj?4sf] df]rf{jGbL lsg <

jf:tjdf xfd|f /fhgLlts bnx¿n] pRr /fhgLlts ;+:sf/ g} a;fNg ;s]gg\ . b]zsf] cfly{s ;d[l4 ;a}sf] ;femf /fhgLlts Ph]08f x'g'kg]{ xf] . csf{n] u/]sf] cyjf ug{ yfn]sf] /fd|f] sfdsf] klg lj/f]w ug'{ To;df cj/f]w l;h{gf ug'{ sLdfy{ /fd|f] /fhgLlt xf]Og . To;dfly bnx¿n] g} hfgL–hfgL /fhgLlts cl:y/tf k}bf ug'{ / b]znfO{ cfly{s ¿kn] lbzflxg t'Nofpg' emg To;} klg a'l4dfgLsf] sfd xf]Og . xfdL clxn] b]lv /x]sf 5f}+, ;+ljwfg;dfsf] Dofb ;lsg} nfUbf b]zdf ePsf aGb / x8tfnx¿sf sf/0f s}of}+ ko{6sx¿ of t g]]kfn e|d0f 5f]6\ofP/ kmls{P of t pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] g]kfn e|d0fsf] sfo{qmd /2 g} ul/lbP . clxn] l;h{gf ePsf] r'gfjsf] 3f]if0ff / To;sf] lj/f]wsf] /fhgLltn] b]zsf] cy{tGqdf To;sf] c;/ b]vfpg yfln;s]sf] 5 . z]o/ ahf/ cf]/fnf] nflu ;s]sf] 5 . b]zsf] cy{tGq gsf/fTds lbzfdf hfg glbg] xf] eg] bnx¿n] cfk;df ;xdlt sfod u/]/ /fhgLlts l:y/tf sfod ug{ ;Sg' k5{ . /fli6«o ;xdltsf];/sf/ agfpg' / gofF r'gfjsf nflu klg pgLx¿n] kfO{nf rfNg'k5{ .

Ps xftn] dfq yk8L aHb}g . ;/sf/kIfn] dfq ;xdltsf] kxn u/]/ k'Ub}g clxn]sf] k|ltkIfn] klg ;sf/fTds kxn yfNg'k5{ . afa'/fd e§/fO{n] /fhLgfdf lbPdfq ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ aGg ;S5 eGg] l9kL sf+u|]; Pdfn]n] ug'{ ;'xfpFb}g . sf+u|]; Pdfn] g]kfnsf k'/fgf / lhDd]jf/ /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ x'g / pgLx¿n] lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ /fhgLlts e"ldsf lgefpg' k5{ . bnx¿n] b]zsf] cfly{s ;d[l4tkm{ uDeL/ rf;f] /fVb5g\ eGg] ;Gb]z ca hgtfdfem hfg'k5{ . ;Fw}e/L bnut / JolQmut :jfy{ df lnKt /x]sf] cf/f]k v]Kb} cfO/x]sf bn / ltgsf g]tfx¿n] /fli6«o cy{tGqsf] lgdf{0f / ljsf;sf nflu ;sf/fTds e"ldsf lgefpg ;s]gg\ jf rfx]gg\ eg] g]kfnL hgtfn] bl08t klg ug{ ;S5g\ . of] pgLx¿n] a'l4 k'¥ofpg' kg]{ a]nf klg xf] .

– bhuwajee@gmail.com

df]ldg Olk\mtvf/

ef/tsf] nb\bfv cfwfl/t @@^ lkmN8 /]lhd]G6df pRr clwsf/Lx¿n] cfˆgf] slgi7 sd{rf/Lx¿dfly cTofrf/ ul//x]sf 5g\ . Gof]df gu/df kfFr d]h/sf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;]jf ug{ vl6Psf] Pp6f ;}lgs sd{rf/LnfO{ kf;ljs 9Ën] lk6]/ oftgf lbOPsf] 5 . n]x cfwfl/t !$ sk{ sdf08/sf n]lˆg]G6 hg/n /lj b:tfg]sf] x:tIf]kkl5 dfq of] 36gfnfO{ yfdy'd kfl/Psf] 5 . pgn] of] 36gfsf bf]ifL clwsf/LnfO{ sf/afxL ug{] k|lta4tf hgfPkl5 ljb|f]x u/]/ Jof/]sdf gkms{g] c8fg lnPsf l;kfxLx¿ clxn] s]xL zfGt ePsf 5g\ .

;]gfdf o:tf b'3{6gfx¿ lj/n} x'G5g\ . ;]gfdf o:tf b'3{6gfx¿n] cFWof/f] eljiosf] ;+s]t ub{5g\ . ef/tLo ;]gfdf xfn} ljsl;t o:tf 36gfx¿n] Pp6f l3gnfUbf] /fHosf] ;+s]t klg ub{5g\ . o;n] s] s'/fsf] klg ;+s]t ub{5 eg] ef/tLo ;]gfdf pRr clwsf/L lg/+s'z / dxTjfsf+IfL 5g\, OdfGbf/ 5}gg\ / tNnf] txsf dflg;x¿k|lt pgLx¿sf] ljiffn' b[li6sf]0f 5 .

o;} jif{sf] hgj/L dlxgfsf] !^ tfl/vdf ef/tLo ;]gfsf b'O{ j6f ;d"x lbNnLlt/ a9]sf ;dfrf/ ToxfFsf] k|];n] pb\3fl6t u/], h;sf] cl3Nnf] lbg ToxfFsf] ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf ;]gfWoIfsf] hGdldlt;DaGwL ljjfbdf d'2f btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fy} s] s'/f klg aflx/ cfof] eg] ;]gfWoIf hg/n ljs] l;+xn] k|wfgdGqL dgdf]xg l;+xnfO{ Pp6f wDsLkq klg k7fPsf 5g\ . of] 36gfn] g} ef/tLo ;]gfdf cg'zf;gxLgtf 5, lgi7f, Odfg / lgikIftf 5}g eGg] s'/f bzf{pF5 .

Pp6f /f]rs k|;+u csf{] klg 5, hg/n ljqmddfly cbfntdf b'O{ j6f d'2fx¿ clxn] klg rln/x]sf 5g\ . h;n] pgsf] ;]gfdf Pstf / Odfgdfly k|Zg p7fOlbPsf 5g\ . Pp6f d'2f ;g\ @))! df hDd'slZd/df ePsf] kmhL{ d'7e]8;DaGwL 5 / csf{] ;g\ @))* df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] s+uf]sf nflu vl6Psf] zflGt;]gfdf pgsf] dftxtdf /x]sf] 6f]nLn] u/]sf] of}g cTofrf/;DaGwL 5 . o:tf ;+uLg cf/f]kdf /x]sf pg}n] cfufdL s]xL lbgdf ef/tLo ;]gfsf] g]t[Tj ug{] ;Defjgf k|an 5 . olb pgnfO{ hah{:tL / cGwf] tl/sfn] kbf]Gglt ul/of] eg] ef/tLo ;]gfsf] g}lts ktg t x'g] g} 5 ;fy} ;aeGbf tNnf] txsf ;}lgs sd{rf/Lb]lv dfly;Ddsf] r]g ckm sdf08df o;n] uDeL/ c;/ k'¥ofpg] / cg'zf;g sfod /fVg d'lZsn kg{]5 .

nb\bfvsf] cl6{n/L /]lhd]G6df ePsf] ljb|f]xsf] 36gfnfO{ Pp6f dfq / ;fdfGo 36gfsf] ¿kdf lng ;ls+b}g . of] Ifo / ;8fGwtfsf] Pp6f ;+s]t xf] . cg'zf;gxLgtf, a]OdfgL / ljZjf;3ftsf] Pp6f nIf0f xf] . ;]gfdf pTkGg x'g] o:tf rl/q ;a}sf nflu xflgsf/s 5 .

–/fwf a'9fyf]sL du/

b'O{jif]{ sfo{sfnsf nflu u7g ePsf] ;+ljwfg;efn] rf/jif{ JotLt ubf{ klg ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{ g;s]/ ;+ljwfg;ef g} lj36g x'g k'u]sf] 5 . t/ ;+ljwfgf;ef lj36gunQ} csf]{ ;+ljwfg;efsf nflu lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]lsPsf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{n] ;+ljwfg;ef lj36g u/]sf]df ;a}lt/af6 :ofjf;L kfPsf 5g\ eg] csf]{ r'gfjsf] ldlt tf]s]/ ;j{q cfnf]lrt klg ag]sf 5g\ .

;j{k|yd t g]kfnsf] kl/k|]Iodf ;+ljwfg;efn] gofF ;+ljwfg lbg ;s]g eGg] s'/f oyfy{ xf] . rf/jif{ cufl8 u7g ePsf] ;+ljwfg;efn] ;+ljwfg g} lbg g;s]kl5 To:tf] c;Ifd ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ sfod} /fVg' x'Fb}gYof] . cfd hg;fwf/0f;d]t ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb yKg' x'Fb}g eGg]df g} lyP . t/ hgtfsf] rfxgf ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ff u/]/ ;+ljwfg;ef lj36g ul/Psf] ePx'GYof] eGg] ;f]rfO{ /fVb5g\ . rf/bnsf zLif{ g]tfx¿aLr s'/f gldn]/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f x'g g;s]sf] 36gfk|lt ;ef;bx¿ g} lrlGtt b]lvPsf] kfOof] . rf/ bnsf g]tfx¿n] g} if8\oGq u/]/ ;+ljwfg;ef lj36g ul/Psf] x'Fbf ;ef;bx¿n] cfk"mx¿sf] clwsf/ vf]l;Psf] cg'ej ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;ef;bx¿n] ljjflbt ljifox¿df dtbfg ul/g' kg]{ dfu rsf]{ ¿kdf /flv+bf klg ;+ljwfg;efsf] a}7s gj;fn]/ PsfPs lj36g ug'{n] cfdhgtfdf cqmf]z k}bf u/fPsf] 5 .

cToGt} ck|hftflGqs / cnf]stflGqs tl/sfn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] cGTo ul/Psf] eP klg ;+ljwfg;ef leq}af6 plAhPsf] hftLo åGbnfO{ yfd'y'd kfg{ eg] ;s]sf] 5}g . hftLo åGb pTsif{df k'u]sf a]nf h:tf] ;'s} lsl;dsf] ;+ljwfg hf/L ul/P klg Tof] ;+ljwfg hf/L ePs} lbg hnfpg] tof/L klg eO;s]sf] lyof] . To;}n] ;du|df ;+ljwfg;efn] d'n'sdf JofKt hl6n ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvb}g .

;+ljwfg eg]sf] cfd hgtfdf /x]sf] k/Dk/fnfO{ lnlka4 u/L zf;g ;~rfng ug]{ dfWod xf] . g]kfndf ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj gx'Fb} cfk|jf;Lsf gfddf $) nfv ljb]zL gful/sx¿nfO{ g]kfnL gful/stf lbg] lg0f{o ul/of] . ToxL lg0f{on] g} b]zdf Ps dw]z :jfoQ k|b]zsf] dfu ub}{ /fhgLlts zlQmsf] pbo dfq u/fPg, a? ;+ljwfg;efdf ToxL zlQmnfO{ lg0ff{os x}l;otdf klg k'¥ofPsf] 5 . To;}n] ;+ljwfg;efn] ;d:ofsf] y'k|f] nufpg] sfd dfq u/]/ åGbsf] ljhf/f]k0f ul//x]sfn] k'gM ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjsf] cf}lrTo jf:tjd} ;dfKt ePsf] 5 . a? ;a} bnx¿sf] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf u/L ToxL uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngjf6 g} ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f cfof]u u7g u/L gofF ;+ljwfg hf/L ug'{ jt{dfg cGof}n cGTo ug]{ ;jf}Qd ljsNk xf] .

lx6n/

of] ;To xf] ls ox'bLx¿df cfTdf ;+/If0fsf] efjgf slxNo} sdhf]/ /x]g j? of] cGo hftLx¿df eGbf w]/} zlQmzfnL g} /Xof] / of] klg dfGg ;lsG5 ls ox'bLx¿sf] af}l4s l:ylt cGo hfltsf dflg;x¿sf] eGbf sd 5}g, t/ of] lglZrt ¿kn] xf] ls ox'bLx¿df ;Eo dflg;x¿df ;lhn} kfOg] u'0f k"0f{¿kn] cem} 5 . Tof] xf] cfbz{ efjgf . h'g s'/f] vf]hL NofPsf] v08df ox'bL jfx]s st} kfOb}g . ox'bLx¿df alnbfgsf] efjgf cfTd ;+/If0fsf] efjgf eGbf k/ hfg} ;Sb}g / alnbfgsf] tTk/tf ToxL+ 9Nb5 . pgLx¿sf] hftLo Pstfsf] efjgf j:t'tM kz'k+IfLx¿sf] h:tf] cToGt} k|f/lDes ;fdflhs k|j[lQ eGbf Hofbf c? s]xL klg xf]Og . of] Pp6f pNn]vgLo tYo xf] ls em08 k|j[lQn] dflg;x¿nfO{ ta;Dd ;Fufn]/ /fVb5 ha;Dd ToxfF Pp6f ;femf vt/f eOg} /xG5 h;sf nflu cfk;L ;xof]u Pp6f clgjfo{ cfjZostf aGg hfG5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu cfˆgf] lzsf/k|lt cfqmfd0f ug{sf nflu Psh'6 ePsf JafF;fx¿sf] em'08 ef]ssf] ;Gt'li6 x'g] ljalQs} Psnf ltt/lat/ x'G5g\ . To;}u/L s'g} cfqmd0fsf/Lsf] lj?4 3f]8fx¿ klg Pslqt x'g hfG5g\, t/ vt/f ;dfKt x'g] ljlQs} ltgLx¿ cnu x'G5g\ .

oxL l:ylt ox'bLx¿sf] klg xf] . pgLx¿df alnbfgsf] efjgf klxnf t 5Fb} 5}g, / olb 5 eg] klg ;Lldt k|of]hgsf nflu dfq . of] efjgf ta pTkGg x'G5 ha JolQmsf] cl:tTjsf] k|Zg / :jfy{n] o;nfO{ Pp6f clgjfo{ d'2f agfOlbG5 . t/ h;} s'g} ;femf zq'nfO{ lhltG5, pkl:yt vt/fnfO{ lgoGq0f ul/G5, lzsf/nfO{ ;dfltG5 cyjf k|ToIf zflGt nf]k x'g] cfz+sf ;dfKt x'g hfG5 / km]l/ ;fdfGo l:ylt kms]{/ cfpF5, ta pgLx¿sf] alnbfgsf] hf]z klg 708f x'g hfG5 . km]l/ ox'bLx¿ klxnfsf] h:t} Psnsf6] l:yltdf cfpF5g\ . ox'bLx¿ tadfq ldn]/ sfd ub{5g\ ha pgLx¿nfO{ ;femf vt/fsf] 8/ x'G5 jf ;femf lzsf/n] pgLx¿nfO{ cfqmd0f ub{5 . ha o:tf lsl;dsf vt/fx¿ x'Fb}gg\ ta pgLx¿df Pp6f cToGt q"m/ :jfy{efj pDn]/ cx+jfbsf] ¿k lnG5 / To;kl5 oL dflg;x¿ Pstfsf] aGwgnfO{ tf]8]/ cToGt eo+s/ tl/sfn] cfk;df emu8f ug]{ d';f ;dfg ltt/lat/ x'G5g\ . olb ;+;f/df ox'bLx¿ dfq ePsf] eP pgLx¿ kmf]xf]/ / bnbndf kml;/xGy] / Pscsf{sf] zf]if0f uy]{ / s8f ;+3if{n] Psn]csf{sf] cl:tTj ;dfKt kfg]{ sf]l;; ul//x]Gy] . pgLx¿ To; kl/l:yltdf dfq of] k|j[lQnfO{ TofUg ;Sy] xf]nfg\ ha pgLx¿sf cufl8 alnbfgsf] cfbz{nfO{ ljsl;t ug]{ s'g} 7"nf] ;fd"lxs vt/f pTkGg x'G5 .

To; sf/0f logLx¿sf] cfk;L ;xfotfsf] efjgfnfO{ s'g} k|sf/sf] alnbfgsf] cfbzf{Tds efjgf 7fGg' ;/f;/ unt x'G5 lsgeg] Tof] t ltgLx¿sf] Ifl0fs k|j[lQ xf] gqeg] pgLx¿ Pscsf{sf] 3f/L l5gfNg klg ;+sf]r dfGb}gg\ .

oxfF Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ s'/f] s] xf] eg] ox'bLx¿ cfˆgf] cx+ / :jfy{sf s'/fx¿ dfq ;'Gb5g\ . oxL sf/0f xf] ls ox'bL /fHo h'g of] hfltsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf;sf nflu ;zQm ;+:yf x'g'kb{Yof], h:sf] s'g} If]qLo ;Ldf x'Fb}g .

km0fLGb| g]kfn

g]kfn / ef/taLr ;g\ !(%) h'nfO{ #! tfl/vsf lbg zflGt tyf d}qL ;lGw -<_ eof] eg] ef/tn] l;lSsd;Fu ;g\ !(%) l8;]Da/ % tfl/vdf ;lGw u/]sf] b]lvG5 . !# ;"qLo ef/t–l;lSsd ;lGwdf l;lSsdsf] /fhgLlts l:ylt /fd|};Fu k|ltljlDat ePsf] 5 .

o; ;lGwsf] klxnf] wf/fdf s] elgPsf] 5 eg] la|l6z ;/sf/ / l;lSsdaLr klxn] ePsf ;a} ;lGwx¿ ef/t / l;lSsdaLr cem} cl:tTjdf 5g\ eg] tL ;lGwx¿ cf}krfl/s ¿kd} /2 ul/Psf 5g\ .

bf];|f] wf/fdf l;lSsd ef/tsf] ;+/lIft /fHo /lx/xg]5 / cfˆgf] cfGtl/s dfldnfdf l;lSsdn] :jfoQtfsf] pkef]u ug]{5 elgPsf] 5 .

t];|f] wf/fdf elgPsf] 5– ef/t l;lSsdsf] ;'/Iff / If]qLo cv08tfsf lglDt pQ/bfoL /xg]5=== rf}yf] wf/fdf l;lSsdsf] afXo ljZj;Fusf] ;DaGw vf;u/L /fhgLlts, cfly{s jf ljQLo ;DaGw k"0f{tof ef/t ;/sf/af6 lgwf{l/t x'g]5 / l;lSsdn] s'g} klg j}b]lzs zlQm;Fu Jojxf/ ug{ kfpg]5}g elgPsf] 5 .

o; ;lGwsf] bzf}+ wf/fdf elgPsf] 5– ef/t / l;lSsdaLr lg/Gt/ /lxcfPsf] d}qLk"0f{ ;DaGwnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ clg ca pk|fGt o; ;DaGwnfO{ cem ;'b[9 t'Nofpg / l;lSsdsf] /fd|f] k|zf;g / o;sf] ljsf;df ;xof]u ug{ pT;'s eO{ ef/t ;/sf/ l;lSsdnfO{ k|ltjif{ ?= tLg nfv ltg{ dGh'/ u5{ / l;lSsdn] of] ;lGwsf] kfngf u/];Dd of] Joj:yf sfod} /xg]5 .

g]kfnsf ;Gbe{df of] ;lGw k|tLsfTds cy{sf txdf lgs} dxTjk"0f{ x'g] b]lvG5 . ef/tn] g]kfn;Fu !(%) sf] ;lGw ubf{ ;'uf}nL ;lGwsf] s'g} k|;+u p7fPsf] 5}g t/ of] ef/t–l;lSsd ;lGwdf la|l6z ;/sf/n] l;lSsd;Fu u/]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;lGw /2 u/L ef/t / l;lSsdaLr gofF k|fjwfg;lxtsf] ;lGw ul/Psf] 5 . ef/tn] l;lSsd;Fu o;kl5 s:tf] Jojxf/ u¥of] of] a]Un} k|;+u xf] / ;To s] xf] eg] l;lSsdsf] ef/tdf ljnog s'g} klg xfntdf j}wflgs dflgg ;Sb}g . l;lSsdsf dxf/fhf tf;L gfdUofn / ef/tsf tkm{af6 l;lSsddf /fhgLlts clwsf/L /x]sf x/LZj/ bofnn] x:tfIf/ u/]sf] !(%) sf] ;lGwkl5 @$ l8;Da/ !(^# df l;lSsdl:yt ef/tLo /fhgLlts clwsf/L / l;lSsdsf dxf/fhfaLr ;g\ !(%) sf] ef/t–l;lSsd ;lGwsf] wf/f ( sf] t];|f] cg'R5]bsf ;DaGwdf Ps kqfrf/ ePsf] b]lvG5 eg] ;g\ !(&# d] * tfl/vsf lbg l;lSsd ;Demf}tf l;lSsddfly ef/tsf] x:tIf]ksf k[i7e"ld:j¿k cfPsf 5g\ . ;g\ !(%) sf] l;lSsd–ef/t ;lGw g]kfnsf] u'd]sf] e"ld lkmtf{ ug]{ sfo{df ;xfos ;fdu|L aGg ;S5 .

;g\ !(%) sf] l;lSsd–ef/taLrsf] ;lGwsf] klxnf] wf/fdf la|l6z ;/sf/ / l;lSsdsf aLr klxn] ePsf ;a} ;lGwx¿ ef/t / l;lSsdnfO{ k|efljt ug]{ u/L lqmofzLn 5g\ eg] tL ;a} ;lGw cf}krfl/s ¿kdf /2 ul/G5g\ egL :ki6tfsf ;fy elgPsf] 5 t/ g]kfn / ef/tsf aLr cfh;Dd cl:tTjdf /lx/x]sf] g]kfn / la|6]gsf aLr ;g\ !*!^ df ePsf] ;'uf}nL ;lGwnfO{ g]kfn / ef/t b'j} b]zn] g k'li6 g} u/]sf 5g\ g t vf/]h g} . b'O{ b]zaLr gofF ;lGw x'Fbf olb tL b'O{ b]zaLr To;eGbf klxn] klg ;lGwx¿ ePsf /x]5g\ eg] of t ltgsf] …SoflG;n]zgÚ x'G5 of t …¥ofl6lkms]zgÚ x'G5 t/ g]kfn–ef/t ;lGw !(%) n] ;'uf}nL ;lGwnfO{ SoflG;n]zgÚ / …¥ofl6lkms]zgÚ b'j} gu/]sf] x'Fbf la|6]g ef/taf6 xl6;s]kl5 la|6]g cwLg:y g]kfnsf] e"efu :jtM g]kfnsf] x'G5 .