dlxnfx¿ s:tf] >Ldfg\ rfxG5g\

hLjg;fyL eg]sf] b'Mv;'v af"8\g] dfWod xf] . lxGb' wd{zf:qn] ljjfx gu/L s]xL k"0f{ x'"b}g eg]/ eg]sf] 5 . ;fy} ljjfx j+znfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbgsf nflu klg clgjfo{ dlgPsf] 5 . ljjfx Pp6f aGwg xf], of] s'/f klxn] g} yfxf kfO/fVg'kb{5 . :jGtGqtfk"j{s hLjg latfpg rfxg]x¿n] ljjfx gu/] klg x'G5 . lsgls ljjfxcl3 hxf" hfpm", h] vfpm", h];'s} u¿" ;a} cfkm}df lge{/ /xG5 t/ ljjfxkl5 klxn]sf] h:tf] :jtGqtf ldNg uf¥x} x'G5 .

xfdLsxf" k|foM @% b]lv #% jif{sf] pd]/df ljjfx x'G5 . /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)$* n] g]kfnLx¿sf] ;/b/ cfo' %^ jif{ dfg] klg ;fnfvfnf pd]/ ^) jif{ jf ;f]eGbf dfly;Dd ePsf] kfOG5 . xfd|f] hLjgsf] cfwfeGbf a9L ;do j}jflxs hLjgcGtu{t cfkm\gf] hLjg;fyL;"u laT5 . of] cj:yfdf cljjflxt dlxnfx¿ cfkm\gf] >Ldfg\ ef}lts Pj+ cfWoflTds ?kdf of]Uo xf];\ eGg] rfxG5g\ eg] gjljjflxtf dlxnfx¿ cfÎgf] >Ldfg\n] k'/fgf] nt Tofuf];\, h:t}— 3/df a]n}df cfcf];\, cfkm";"u} vfgf vfcf];\, w"d|kfg / dBkfgb]lv 6f9} /xf];\, dlxgfdf PskN6 dfq eP klg tLy{, hfqf cflbdf nuf];\, lkslgs :k6x¿df 3'dfcf];\, cfkm\gf] s'/f ;'gL ;fdfGo kmdf{O; k"/f ul/b]cf];\ eGg] rfxG5g\ . pgLx¿ cfkm"a]u/ c¿ dlxnfsf] k|z+;f u/]sf], 3/df NofPsf] tyf ;"u} lx+8]sf] b]Vg rf"xb}gg\ . dlxnfx¿ cfkm\gf] >Ldfg\df lgDg u'0fx¿ b]Vg rfxG5g\ .

b[9 lgZroL M dlxnfx¿ cfkm\gf] >Ldfg\ b'O{lha|] tyf z+sfn' k|j[lQsf] ePsf] dg k/fp"b}gg\ . s'g} rLh NofOlbp"nf, s'g} 7fp"df 3'dfpg n}hfcf}+nf eg]/ 9f"6\bf >LdtLx¿ eg]sf] g6]g]{ / sfd ubf{ emf/f 6fg]{ u5{g\ . ;fy} pgLx¿ >Ldfg\sf ;DaGwdf dgdf cg]s y/L s'/f klg v]nfO/xG5g\ .

;'/f] M >Ldfg\ x'g'sf] ljz]iftf x/;do lg8/ /xg' klg xf] . 8/kf]snfO{ cfkm\g} >LdtLn] klg x]K5g\ . 3/–Jojxf/b]lv lnP/ x/ aflxl/of sfddf cfkm\gf] >Ldfg\n] cu|0fL :yfg cf]u6f];\, cfOnfUbf hfOnfuf];\ eGg] rfxgf dlxnfx¿sf] x'G5 . clwsf+z dlxnfx¿ k'?ifn] cfkm\gf] 5q5fof"df hxfg–kl/jf/nfO{ ;'/lIft /fv]sf] x]g{ rfxG5g\ .

zlQmzfnL M cfhsf] hdfgf zlQmsf] hdfgf xf] . To:tf] zlQm rfx] cfGtl/s zlQm xf];\ jf aflx/L . rfx] af}l4s xf];\ jf zf/Ll/s, clwsf+z dlxnfx¿ ;b}j zlQmzfnL k'?ifsf] 5q5fof"df a:g ?rfp"5g\ .

cfTdlge{/ M cfTdlge{/ aGg' k|To]ssf nflu cfjZos 5 . h;n] cfkm\gf] nIo klg ;fy{s t'Nofp"5 eg] cfTdlge{/ aGg' ;kmn hLjgsf] d"n dGq klg xf] . c;n >Ldfg\n] cfkm" cfTdlge{/ agL cfkm\gf ;GtfgnfO{ klg cfTdlge{/ aGg l;sfp"5g\ .

cfbz{ klt To:tf] c;n JolQm xf] h;n] cfkm\gL kTgLk|lt sf]dn / dw'/ ;DaGw /fv]/ ;Dddfgk"j{s k|]d k|bz{g ug{ hfGb5 . dlxnfx¿ rfxG5g\, >Ldfg\n] x/ ;do cfkm"nfO{ ;fy b]cf];\ . pgLx¿ cfkm";"u lx+8\bf ;'xfp"bf] / d[b'efifL >Ldfg\ eOlbP cfkm\gf] hLjg ;fy{s ePsf] cg'ej u5{g\ .

>Ldfg\sf] bfloTj, >LdtLsf] st{Jo

bfloTj Pj+ st{Jo Ps–cfk;df 3lgi7 5g\ / s'g} klg kl/jf/sf nflu cfjZos klg . s'g} klg >Ldfg\n] cfkm\gf] bfloTjaf6 klG5g' x'"b}g eg] >LdtL klg cfkm\gf] st{Jo k"/f ug{ ;b}j tTk/ /xg'kb{5 . h;n] ubf{ Pp6f 3/ dlGb/ agf];\ / Tof] 3/ ;a}sf cufl8 pbfx/0fLo agf];\ .

ljjfx u/]/ NofPkl5 >LdtLnfO{ sfd ug]{ kl/rfl/sfsf ?kdf dfq x]g'{ x'"b}g . 3/df >LdtL NofPkl5 >LdtLsf nflu cfkm"n] s] ug'{k5{, p;sf] OR5f s] 5 cflb s'/fdf ljrf/ ug]{ sfd >Ldfg\sf] x'G5 . lsgls pm klg cfkm\gf cfdfafa' ;a} Tofu]/ Pp6f ckl/lrt JolQmsf nflu ;dlk{t eP/ cfPsL x'G5] . To;}n] >Ldfg\n] p;nfO{ a]nfdf}sfdf 3'dfpg] pm;"u a;]/ v';Lsf] If0f latfpg] ;fy} 5f]/f5f]/Lsf nflu s]xL ;do lgsfNg'kg]{ x'G5 . h;n] ubf{ >LdtLsf] dgdf g}/fZotf cfpg kfp"b}g .

csf{tkm{ >LdtLn] klg >Ldfg\n] cfkm\gf] bfloTj h;/L k"/f u/]sf] 5 To;/L g} cfkm\gf] st{Jo k"/f ug'{kb{5 . sltko 3/df >LdtLsf sf/0f emu8f e}/x]sf] x'G5, s'g} klg JolQmn] cfkm\gf] 3/df >LdtLaf6 cfkm\gf] kl/jf/k|lt /fd|f] Jojxf/ rfx]sf] x'G5 . lsgls p;nfO{ >LdtLafx]s cfkm\gf] kl/jf/k|lt klg plQs} dfof x'G5 . sltkosf] 3/df ljjfx x'g'cufl8 a'afcfdf, bfh'efO, lbbLalxgL jf kl/jf/sf] s'g} klg ;b:ok|lt h:tf] /fd|f] Jojxf/ x'GYof] Tof] kl5 uP/ g/fd|f] aGg ;S5 . h;sf] sf/0f >LdtL g} x'lG5g\ . s'g}–s'g} :jf:gLdfG5]sf] wf/0ff ljjfx ePkl5 >Ldfg\ cfkm\gf] afx]s s;}sf] gxf];\ eGg] x'G5 . To:tf :jf:gLdfG5] kl/jf/;"u a:g dg gk/fpg] k|j[lQsf x'G5g\ . >LdtLsf] o:tf] Jojxf/ ePdf >Ldfg\sf] kl/jf/sf k|To]s ;b:odf cf3ft k'Ub5 / 3/df ;"w} emu8f x'G5 clg Tof] 3/ g/s aGg k'U5 .

To;}n] k|To]s :jf:gLdflg;n] ljjfx u/]/ uPkl5 3/sf k|To]s ;b:onfO{ dfg–;Ddfg u/L dfof lbP/ pgLx¿nfO{ v';L t'NofO{ …5f]/LHjfO"sf] 5f]/fa'xf/LÚsf] eGg] pvfg unt ;fljt u/L 3/ rnfpg ;Sg'k5{ .

kfl/jfl/s ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg

– ;Ltf e'h]n

Pp6f ;'vL / Jojl:yt kl/jf/ agfpg kl/jf/df Psn] dfq xf]Og, ;Dk"0f{ ;b:on] ;sf/fTds e"ldsf v]Ng ;Sg'kb{5 . 3/sf] d"n JolQmn] cfDbfgLnfO{Jojl:yt /fVg'kb{5 . ;]jf ug]{tkm{ Wofg lbg], sdfO ubf{ OdfGbf/Lsf ;fy s;}nfO{ afwf gk'Ug] lsl;dn] ug]{ . nKkg–5Kkg, 9f"6–5nsk6 cflbnfO{ lbdfuaf6} 6f9f eufpg' 3/d'nLsf] bfloTj xf] . cfhsf nflu dfq} geO{ ef]lnsf nflu klg ;f]Rg'kb{5 . Pp6f df3n] hf8f] hf"b}g eGg] efjgf p;df hfu[t x'g'kb{5 . ;dod} 3/ cfO{ sf]xL rLh 5–5}g ljrf/ k'¥ofpg'kb{5 .

sd;]sd jif{df b'O{kN6 cfly{s cj:yfcg';f/ lrp/f–t/sf/L dfq lsg gxf];\, lnO{ 3/af6 cln 6f9f uO{ lkslgs dgfp"bf kfl/jfl/s jftfj0f ;f]r]h:tf] x'g]5 . 3/sf sdfpg] ;b:on] cfkm" t sdfpg]–wdfpg] egL 7"nf] dfG5] x'g], 3/sf] s'g} sfd g5'g] Jojxf/ ug'{ x'"b}g . 7"nfnfO{ cfb/ / ;fgfnfO{ dfof ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . kl/jf/sf ;fgf ;b:on] 7"nfsf] ;Ddfg ug]{, eg]sf] dfGg] / ufnLnfO{ k|;fb ;DemL cfkm\g} lglDt xf] egL ;f]Rg'kb{5 . 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ / >LdtLnfO{ a9L k'Nk'Nofpg' 3fts x'g ;S5 .

5fqfjf;df /fv]/ dfq afnaflnsfx¿ lzlIft x'"b}gg\ . s'zn / ;kmn g]t[Tjsf nflu pgLx¿sf] afgL / cfrf/0fdf Wofg lbg'kb{5 . cfdfn] 3/sf] jftfj/0fdf pNn]Vo g]t[Tj lbg ;Sg'kb{5 . dfg, ;Ddfgdf / a"9fa"9Lsf] x]/rfxdf vf; hf]8 lbg'kb{5 . ljz]iftM ;f;";"u l/;fpg' x'"b}g / cfkm"n] klg ef]ln ltg} a"9fa"9Lh:tf] x'g'k5{ eGg] s'/f ;f]rL eg]sf] sfd gl/;fO{ ug]{, ;f;"n] ufnL u/]df O{v glnO{ Ps sfgn] ;'g]/ csf]{ sfgn] p8fOlbg] . lsgls ;f;"x¿ :jefj}n] cln s/s/] x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ cfkm" h'g kl/l:yltdf x'ls{Psf] xf], ;f]xL b[li6sf]0fdf cfkm\gf a'xf/LnfO{ /fVg rfxG5g\ . ;f;"n] klg a'xf/LnfO{ vfgdf kIfkft ug]{, sfddf dfq hf]tfO/xg] ug'{ x'"b}g . o;n] ubf{ a'xf/Ldf xLgtf a9\g ;S5 . pgLx¿n] ;w}+ n'sLl5kL vfg'kg]{ / ;w}+ dgdf 8/–qf; e}/xg] x'"bf To:tf a'xf/Laf6 hGd]sf aRrfx¿ ;w}+ Vofp6] / sdhf]/ x'G5g\ .

h;/L Kofh sf6\bf cf";' cfp"5 To;/L g} ;f;";"u Jojxf/ ubf{ ;fdFGo b'Mv / kL8f t e} g} xfN5 . ;f;" / a'xf/Lsf] ;DaGw cfdf / 5f]/Lsf] h:tf] x'g'kb{5 . oL b'j}n] e'Tnfe'TnL u/]/ xf]Og xft]dfnf] u/]/ cufl8 a9\g'kb{5 . b]j/ x'g]n] efph"nfO{ bf;L xf]Og, cfdfsf ?kdf lng'kb{5 . afa'cfdfn] 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ leqL dfof w]/} / aflx/L dfof sd ug'{kb{5 . aflx/L dfofn] xflg dfq} u5{ . 5f]/f5f]/Ln] of] ;Demg'k5{ ls afa'cfdfsf] dfofsf] bfj]bf/ xfdL g} xf}+ . dfof t cjZo g} x'G5, t/ c;nL dfof leq x'G5 . >LdtLn] dfOtLsf] wfs nufpg' x'"b}g, o;n] kfl/jfl/s jftfj/0fdf ltQmtf ;[hgf ub{5 . cfdfafa'n] klg cfkm\gf ;fgf gfgLx¿nfO{ Pj+ cwsNrf s]6fs]6LnfO{ 3/sf] wfs nufpg lbg'x'"b}g . ljjfxkl5 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ sd dfof ug'{kb{5 .

of] pgLx¿sf] eljiosf nflu xf] . a'xf/Ln] dfOt t hfg'k5{ t/ w]/} k6s xf]Og . dfOt o:tf] 5, p:tf] 5, d]/f] dfOtLdf kmnfgf] rLh 5 eg]/ wfs nufpg] h:tf s'/f slxNo} ug'{ x'"b}g . cfkm\gf] >Ldfg\sf] afgL v/fa eP ;'wfg]{ k|of; ug'{kb{5 . dfOtLdf uP/ >Ldfg\sf] cfr/0f Pj+ kfl/jfl/s sdhf]/L slxNo} atfpg'x'"b}g .

5fnf g/d / :j:y agfpg] s]xL l6K;

–an/fd

– 7"nf] rDrfsf] PsrDrf hf}sf] kL7f]df a];f/ / clnslt ltnsf] t]n ld;fP/ 5fnfdf nufPsf] !) ldg]6kl5 dgtftf] kfgLn] ;kmf ug]{ . o;n] 5fnf sf]dn / g/d x'G5 .

–;'Gtnfsf] u'bLnfO{ 7"nf] rDrfsf] b'O{ rDrf kfgLdf pdfn]/ lr;f] ePkl5 5fg]/ cg'xf/df bNg] . To;nfO{ !) ldg]6;Dd /fv]/ cg'xf/ kfgLn] d'v wf]Pdf cg'xf/sf] 5fnfdf lgv/ cfp"5 .

–sfutLsf] /;, lUn;l/g jf u'nfahn a/fa/ ld;fP/ z/L/sf v'nf efux¿df nufpgfn] 5fnfdf rds cfpg'sf ;fy} 5fnf km'6]sf] klg x/fp"5 .

– sf"qmf]sf] u'bL / sf"rf] cfn'sf] /; a/fa/ lnP/ To;df s]xL yf]kf lUnl;l/g jf u'nfahn ld;fpg], To;nfO{ cg'xf/, uw{g tyf xftv'§fx¿df nufpg] / !) ldg]6kl5 dgtftf] kfgLn] :gfg ug]{, 5fnfdf lgvf/ cfpg'sf ;fy} 5fnfdf /x]sf sfnf bfux¿ x/fp"5g\ .

– ufh/ / 6df6/sf] /; ld;fP/ cg'xf/df nufpg] . ;'s]kl5 dgtftf] kfgLn] cg'xf/ w'g], o;n] cg'xf/df gof" rds cfpg]5 .

–t}nLo 5fnfdf 808Lkmf]/ cfpg] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 . 808Lkmf]/sf] vt kl5;Dd klg /xG5 . To;}n] ;dodf g} o;sf] pkrf/ u/fP/ cg'xf/df vt a:gaf6 /f]Sg'kb{5 .

– 808Lkmf]/df ;fukft tyf kmnkm"nsf] ld>0f xA;{ nufOPdf w]/} k'/fgf] 808Lkmf]/sf] bfu jf vt x/fp"5 . o;sf nflu 5fnfsf] k|sf/ / /f]usf] uDeL/tfdf Wofg lbg' cfjZos 5 .

– gLd, t'n;L, wlgof"sf kftx¿ 5fnfsf nflu k|fs[lts b]g x'g\ . o;nfO{ k|efljt efux¿df nufpgfn] ;d:of lg/fs/0f x'g;S5 .

– s]xL u]8fu'8L, ;'s]sf] kmn / ;fukftsf] xA;{nfO{ lk+w]/ ld>0f agfpg] . TonfO{ cg'xf/df nufP/ s]xL a]/kl5 sf"rf] b"w jf sf"qmfsf] /;n] xNsf dfln; u/]/ lr;f] kfgLn] w'g] . o;n] 5fnfdf ePsf] An}s x}8\;, vt / bfux¿ x/fp"5g\ . To;kl5 sf"qmf]sf] u'bLn] xNsf dfln; ug]{ / tf}lnofn] !)–!% ldg]6;Dd cg'xf/ 9fSg], 5fnf xNsf / d'nfod ePkl5 lr;f] sDk|];/ lbgfn] 5fnfsf bfu–wAafx¿ x/fp"5g\ . of] sfd u/]kl5 5fnfnfO{ s]xL ;dosf nflu cf/fd lbg'kb{5 / s]xL ;dokl5 5fnfcg';f/ km]; Kofs nufpg'kb{5 .

;ftfsL u[lx0fL

d~h' lh;L, xfn} /fli6«o k|ltef k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug]{ ;flxTosf/ pHHjn lh;LsL >LdtL . hGd @)@# ;fn, lzIff :gfts tyf k"0f{ u[lx0fL . 5f]/LnfO{ ;dfhn] ;fg}b]lv t" 5f]/L xf];\ eGg] efjgf hufP/ dfly pSng glbPsf] cf/f]k nufpg] lh;L cfkm"n] klg To:t} lsl;dsf] jftfj/0fdf x's{g'k/]sf] tLtf] kf]Vg'x'G5 .

;fgf] 5"bf s] aGg rfxg'x'GYof] <

;fg}b]lv t" 5f]/L xf];\ eGg] efjgf cfdfa'afx¿n] hufpg'ePsf] lyof] . To;}n] csf{sf] 3/ u/]/ vfg], csf{nfO{ v';L kfg]{afx]s s]xL klg aGg] rfxgf ePg .

To;f] eP s]sf nflu k9]sf] t <

5f]/Ln] k9] /fd|f] HjfO" kfOG5 EfGg] efjgfn] sfd u/]sf] x'g ;S5 . t/ cfkm\gf] v'6\6fdf pleg jf s]xL ug{sf nflu k9]sL x'" eGg] efjgf ;fg}b]lv ePg . kl/jf/n] klg Totflt/ ;f]Rg] km';{b lbPgg\ .

clxn] cfkm\gf] d"Nof+sg ubf{ d 3/aflx/ lgl:sPsL eP s] ug{ ;Sy]+ eGg] nfU5 <

d s]6fs]6LnfO{ /fd|/L k9fpg ;S5' . o; cy{df ;kmn lzlIfsf
x'g ;Sy]+ ls <

clxn] 3/df s] u/]/ a:g'x'G5 <

c? s] ug'{, vfgf agfpg] / 3/nfO{ ;"efNg] sfd u/]/ a:5' .

eg]kl5 tkfO{+n] kfpg'ePsf] ;l6{lkms]6 k"0f{ ?kdf sfd nfu]g xf]Og <

nfu]g g} eGg'k¥of] .

tkfO{+x¿sf] k|]dljjfx xf] <

xf]Og, xfd|f] ;dfhdf k|]d jlh{t lyof] . xfd|f] dfuLljjfx ePsf] xf] . pxf"n] x]g'{eof], dg k/fpg'eof] / ljjfx ug'{eof] . dnfO{ o:t} k|yf :jLsf/ ug{ ;fg}b]lv dfgl;s ?kdf tof/ kfl/Psf] lyof] .

s] tkfO{ cfkm\gL 5f]/LnfO{ klg k"0f{ u[lx0fL dfq} agfpg rfxg'x'G5 <

rfxGg", p;nfO{ aflx/ s]xL ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f / Toxf";Dd lx+8\g] af6f] agfOlbG5' . h;n] ubf{ pm ;lhn} Toxf";Dd k'Ug ;sf];\ .

ljjfxcl3 cfkm\gf] efjL hLjgsf jf/]df s]xL t cj:o g} ;f]Rg'ePsf] lyof] xf]nf . s] ;f]Rg'ePsf] lyof] <

c;n >Ldfg\, ;f;"–;;'/f / /fd|f] jftfj/0f ePsf] 3/ .

sNkgf u/]h:t} kfpg'eof] t <

kfP" .

pHHjn hL t /S;L lkpg'x'G5, xf]Og / <

klxn] lao/ dfq lkpg'x'GYof] . To;}n] vf;} cklQ lyPg .

pxf"n] s'g afgLrflx+ ;'wf/ ug'{k5{ h:tf] nfUb5 <

r'/f]6 vfg] afgLn] rflx+ w'?Ss} ?jfO;Sof] . of] s'/frflx+ klqsfdf n]v]/} eP klg 5'6fpg'k/]sf] 5  .

/fd|f] afgLrflx+ s] 5 <

c? ;a} afgL /fd|f] 5 . ljz]if u/L pxf" ;a}nfO{ dfof ug'{x'G5 .

o:tf dflg;nfO{ t wf]sf klg x'G5 lg, xf]Og / <

xf], t/ pxf" dflg; glrgLsg dfof ug'{x'Gg . pxf" klxn] dflg; lrGg'x'G5, clg dfof ug'{x'G5 .

pxf"sf] uLt, uhn / d'Qms k9\g'ePsf] 5 <

klxnf] kf7s g} d x'" . pxf"sf cf7j6} s[lt d}n] kl9;s]sL 5' .

emG8} tL; bzs kf/ ul/;Sg'eof], dlxnfsf] hLjg eg]sf] s:tf] hLjg xf] h:tf] nfU5 <

g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df eGbf b'lvof hLjg xf] . ;w}+el/ csf{s} lrGtf u/]/ a:g'kg]{ hLjg xf] .

eg]kl5 tkfO{+ csf]{ hGddf dlxnf x'g rfxg'x'Gg <

xf]Og, d csf]{ hGddf klg dlxnf g} eP/ hGdg rfxG5' . lsgeg] lzlIft / ;DkGg x'g] xf] eg] dlxnfsf] hLjg k'?ifsf] eGbf lgs} /fd|f] x'G5 . lzlIft / ;DkGg dlxnfx¿ k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf lgs} ;'vL x'G5g\ .

tkfO{+ csf]{ hGddf ;'vL / ;DkGg eP/ g} hGdg'x'G5 eGg] s] Uof/]G6L 5 <

lsgeg] d}n] s;}sf] s'enf] lrtfPsL 5}g . csf{nfO{ ;w}+ lbP/ g} vfPsf] 5' . dnfO{ eujfg\dfly 7"nf] ljZjf; 5 .

gjljjflxt b'nxL / ljjfx x'g nfu]sf o'jtLx¿nfO{ s] ;Nnfx lbg'x'G5 <

dlxnfn] cfkm\gf] hLjgsf] emG8} cfwf ;do dfOtLdf latfPsL x'G5] . To;}n] p;df dfOtLsf] k|efj /xg' ;fdfGo s'/f xf] . t/ xfd|f] k'?ifk|wfg ;dfhn] dlxnfnfO{ cfkm\gf] 3/sf] lgod–sfg'gdf lx+8fpg] k|of; u5{ . gjljjflxtf b'nxL jf ljjfx x'g nfu]sf o'jtLx¿n] of] s'/f a'em\g'k5{ . olb cfkm" ;'vL x'g' 5 eg] dfOtLsf] s'/f 3/df nfb\g] k|of; ug'{x'"b}g . a? cfkm" 3/sf] lgod;"u cg'jfb x'g ;Sg'k5{ . olt ePkl5 ;a} v';L x'G5g\ . c?nfO{ v';L /fVg ;Sg' g} cfkm'v';L x'g] ;jf]{Qd pkfo xf] .

kfl/jfl/s :jf:Yo

bf"t z/L/sf] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ c+u xf] . z/L/sf ljleGg c+ux¿sf] h:t} bf"tsf] klg 7"nf] dxŒj 5 . s'g} klg vfg]s'/fnfO{ ;lhnf];"u lgNg'cl3 To;nfO{ rkfP/ ;–;fgf 6'qmf kfg{'kb{5 . h;n] ubf{ vfg]s'/fnfO{ ;lhn};"u lgNg / krfpg ;lsG5 . o;/L vfgfnfO{ rkfP/ lgNg ;lhnf] kfg'{ g} bf"tsf] d'Vo sfd xf] . o;afx]s bf"tn] af]nL k|i6 kfg{ d2t ub{5 / ldn]sf] bf"tn] cg'xf/sf] ;f}Gbo{ klg a9fp"5 .

dflg;df b'O{ k|sf/sf bf"t cfp"5g\ . klxnf] yl/sf bf"tnfO{ c:yfoL cyjf b"w] bf"t elgG5 . bf];|f] yl/sf bf"tnfO{ :yfoL bf"t elgG5 . c:yfoL bf"t % b]lv ^ dlxgfsf] pd]/b]lv cfpg yfN5 / @–# jif{;Dddf ;a} c:yfoL bf"tx¿ cfO;S5g\ . c:yfoL jf b"w] bf"tx¿ hDdf @) j6f x'G5g\ . ^–& jif{sf] pd]/b]lv oL c:yfoL bf"tx¿ emg{ yfN5g\ / logsf] 7fp"df :yfoL bf"t cfp"5g\ . !@–!# jif{sf] pd]/;Dddf ;a} c:yfoL bf"tx¿ eml/;S5g\ / tL bf"tsf] 7fp"df :yfoL bf"t cfp"5g\ . Pp6f k"0f{ ljsl;t dflg;sf #@ j6f :yfoL bf"t x'G5g\ . h;dWo] a'l4 a+u/fx¿ ;fdfGotof !*–@% jif{sf] pd]/ ;Dd cfO;S5g\ . :j:y / alnof] bf"t g} :j:y JolQmsf] klxrfg xf] . ljleGg k|sf/sf vfgf vfgsf nflu bf"t alnof] x'g' cfjZos 5 . lsgeg] vfgf :jf:ysf nflu geO{ gx'g] s'/f xf], h;af6 xfdLn] z/L/nfO{ rflxg] kf}li6s kbfy{x¿ u|x0f ub{5f}+ . bf"t alnof] x'gsf nflu luhf klg :j:y x'g'kb{5 . bf"tnfO{ alnof];"u c8fpg luhfn] lgs} d2t ub{5 . luhf :j:y ePg eg] bf"t xlNng yfN5 . bf"t ?v xf], h;/L ?v alnof] x'g ?vsf] h/f jl/kl/ w]/} df6f] rflxG5 . To;/L g} bf"t alnof] x'gsf nflu bf"tsf] jl/kl/ :j:y luhf / x8\8L rflxG5 . xlNnPsf] jf b'v]sf bf"tn] vfgf rkfpg ;ls"b}g . :j:y luhfsf nflu bf"t ;kmf x'g'kb{5 . bf"tnfO{ ;kmf /fVg lgoldt?kdf ;xL tl/sfn] a|; ug'{kb{5 . a|; gu/] bf"tdf bGt n]p -Dental plaque_ hD5, h'g kl5 uP/ 9'+ufh:t} s8f x'G5, h;nfO{ SofNs'n; elgG5 . of] s8f kmf]xf]/n] luhfnfO{ nuftf/ 3f]lr/xG5, h;n] ubf{ luhf ;'lGgg] / /ut cfpg] ;d:of pTkGg x'G5 . kl5 uP/ luhfdf kLk hDg] / kfSg] x'G5 . o;sf] c;/n] bf"tsf] h/fnfO{ ;dfpg] x8\8LnfO{ klg sdhf]/ agfp"5 . To:tf] cj:yfnfO{ bGtxif{ jf kfOl/of klg elgG5 . o:tf] cj:yf cfpg glbg xfdLn] lgoldt?kdf ;xL tl/sfn] bf"t dfem\g'kb{5 / d'vnfO{ ;w} ;kmf /fVg'kb{5, h;n] bf"t / luhfsf] /f]usf] /f]syfd x'G5 .

luhf ;'lGgg], bf"t dfem\bf /ut cfpg] d'v jf ;f; uGxfpg] ePdf bf"tdf s8f kmf]xf]/ hd]sf] x'g ;S5, h'g a|;n] bf"t dfem\bf klg ghfg] x'G5 . To:tf] kmf]xf]/nfO{ bGt ljz]if1x¿n] bf"t ;kmf ug]{ d]l;gn] ;lhn}l;t lgsflnlbG5g\ .

dflg;sf] d'vdf cf"vfn] b]Vg g;lsg] c;+Vo sL6f0f'x¿ x'G5g\ . ha xfdLn] vfgf -ljz]ifu/L u'lnof] kbfy{_ vfP/ d'v ;kmf ub}{gf}+ ta tL sL6f0f'x¿n] xfd|f] vfgfdf ePsf] u'lnof] kbfy{df cfP/ Ps k|sf/sf] cDn agfp"5g\ . h;n] bf"tsf] SoflN;odnfO{ unfp"5 / lj:tf/} bf"tdf Kjfn kfg{ yfN5 . To:tf] Kjfn bf"tleqsf] gzfsf] ;txdf k'u]kl5 b'Vg yfN5 . sL/fn] vfP/ bf"t b'v]df ;dod} pkrf/ u/fpg'kb{5 .

km\nf]/fO8 ePsf] bGtd~hgsf] k|of]un] bf"tdf sL/f nfUg] /f]usf] /f]syfddf ;3fp k'¥ofp"5 . bf"tdf ePsf] SoflN;od;"u d~hgdf ePsf] km\nf]/fO8 ldn]/ Pp6f ;'/IffTds tx agfp"5, h;nfO{ sL6f0f'x¿n] agfOPsf] cDnn] unfpg ;Sb}g . To;}n] sL/faf6 arfpg k|To]s k6s vfgf vfO;s]kl5 /fd|/L bf"t dfem\g'kb{5 . bf"tdf vfg]s'/f c8\sfP/ /fVg' x'"b}g . sDtLdf lbgsf] b'O{k6s vfgf vfO;s]kl5 cjZo bf"t dfem\g'kb{5 . unt tl/sfn] bf"t dfem\bf bf"t / luhf cem v/fa x'G5 . bf"t dfem\g] tl/sf gldn]df bf"tsf] Ogfd]n lvOG5 / bf"tdf tftf] jf lr;f] nfu]df l;l/¨ x'G5 . bf"t dfem\bf ;w} dflyNnf bf"tx¿nfO{ dflyaf6 tn / tnsf bf"tx¿nfO{ tnaf6 dfly u/]/ a|; ug'{kb{5 .

bf"t / luhfsf] /f]uafx]s d'vsf] SofG;/ klg Pp6f 8/nfUbf] /f]u xf] . d'vsf] SofG;/af6 aRg kfg, v}gL, ;'tL{{, ;'kf/L cflbsf] ;]jg ;s];Dd gug'{ g} a'l4dfgL x'G5 .

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